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The Definitions of Managed Objects for the Bridge Network Control Protocol of the Point-to-Point Protocol
draft-ietf-pppext-bridgemib-03

The information below is for an old version of the document that is already published as an RFC.
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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 1474.
Author Frank Kastenholz
Last updated 2013-03-02 (Latest revision 1993-05-11)
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draft-ietf-pppext-bridgemib-03
Internet Draft

                     The Definitions of Managed Objects for
                      the Bridge Network Control Protocol of
                           the Point-to-Point Protocol

                                   11 May 1993

                                 Frank Kastenholz
                                FTP Software, Inc
                                  2 High Street
                          North Andover, Mass 01845 USA

                                  kasten@ftp.com

          Status of this Memo

          This document is an Internet Draft.  Internet Drafts are
          working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force
          (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups.  Note that other
          groups may also distribute working documents as Internet
          Drafts.

          Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
          months.  Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or
          obsoleted by other documents at any time.  It is not
          appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to
          cite them other than as a ``working draft'' or ``work in
          progress.'' Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing
          contained in the internet-drafts Shadow Directories on
          nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net, nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or
          munnari.oz.au to learn the current status of any Internet
          Draft.




          Internet Draft          PPP/Bridge MIB                May 1993

          This document will be submitted to the Internet Activities
          Board as a Draft Standard. This document defines an
          experimental extension to the SNMP MIB. Upon publication as a
          Draft Standard, a new MIB number will be assigned.  This is a
          working document only, it should neither be cited nor quoted
          in any formal document.

          This document will expire before 16 Nov. 1993.

          Distribution of this document is unlimited.

          Please send comments to the author.

          1.  Abstract

          This memo defines an experimental portion of the Management
          Information Base (MIB) for use with network management
          protocols in TCP/IP-based internets.  In particular, it
          describes managed objects used for managing the bridge Network
          Control Protocol[10] on subnetwork interfaces using the family
          of Point-to-Point Protocols.

          This memo does not specify a standard for the Internet
          community.

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          2.  The Network Management Framework

          The Internet-standard Network Management Framework consists of
          three components.  They are:

               RFC 1155 which defines the SMI, the mechanisms used for
               describing and naming objects for the purpose of
               management.  RFC 1212 defines a more concise description
               mechanism, which is wholly consistent with the SMI.

               RFC 1213 defines MIB-II, the core set of managed objects
               for the Internet suite of protocols.

               RFC 1157 which defines the SNMP, the protocol used for
               network access to managed objects.

          The Framework permits new objects to be defined for the
          purpose of experimentation and evaluation.

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          3.  Objects

          Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store,
          termed the Management Information Base or MIB.  Objects in the
          MIB are defined using the subset of Abstract Syntax Notation
          One (ASN.1) [3] defined in the SMI.  In particular, each
          object type is named by an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, an
          administratively assigned name.  The object type together with
          an object instance serves to uniquely identify a specific
          instantiation of the object.  For human convenience, we often
          use a textual string, termed the descriptor, to refer to the
          object type.

          3.1.  Format of Definitions

          Section 5 contains the specification of all object types
          contained in this MIB module.  The object types are defined
          using the conventions defined in the SMI, as amended by the
          extensions specified in [5,6].

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          4.  Overview

          4.1.  Object Selection Criteria

          To be consistent with IAB directives and good engineering
          practice, an explicit attempt was made to keep this MIB as
          simple as possible.  This was accomplished by applying the
          following criteria to objects proposed for inclusion:

          (1)  Require objects be essential for either fault or
               configuration management.  In particular, objects for
               which the sole purpose was to debug implementations were
               explicitly excluded from the MIB.

          (2)  Consider evidence of current use and/or utility.

          (3)  Limit the total number of objects.

          (4)  Exclude objects which are simply derivable from others in
               this or other MIBs.

          4.2.  Structure of the PPP

          This section describes the basic model of PPP used in
          developing the PPP MIB. This information should be useful to
          the implementor in understanding some of the basic design
          decisions of the MIB.

          The PPP is not one single protocol but a large family of
          protocols.  Each of these is, in itself, a fairly complex
          protocol.  The PPP protocols may be divided into three rough
          categories:

          Control Protocols
               The Control Protocols are used to control the operation
               of the PPP. The Control Protocols include the Link
               Control Protocol (LCP), the Password Authentication
               Protocol (PAP), the Link Quality Report (LQR), and the
               Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP).

          Network Protocols
               The Network Protocols are used to move the network
               traffic over the PPP interface.  A Network Protocol

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               encapsulates the datagrams of a specific higher-layer
               protocol that is using the PPP as a data link.  Note that
               within the context of PPP, the term "Network Protocol"
               does not imply an OSI Layer-3 protocol; for instance,
               there is a Bridging network protocol.

          Network Control Protocols (NCPs)
               The NCPs are used to control the operation of the Network
               Protocols. Generally, each Network Protocol has its own
               Network Control Protocol; thus, the IP Network Protocol
               has its IP Control Protocol, the Bridging Network
               Protocol has its Bridging Network Control Protocol and so
               on.

          This document specifies the objects used in managing one of
          these protocols, namely the Bridge Network Control Protocol.

          4.3.  MIB Groups

          Objects in this MIB are arranged into several MIB groups.
          Each group is organized as a set of related objects.

          These groups are the basic unit of conformance: if the
          semantics of a group are applicable to an implementation then
          all objects in the group must be implemented.

          The PPP MIB is organized into several MIB Groups, including,
          but not limited to, the following groups:
          o The PPP Link Group
          o The PPP LQR Group
          o The PPP LQR Extensions Group
          o The PPP IP Group
          o The PPP Bridge Group
          o The PPP Security Group

          This document specifies the following group:

          The PPP Bridge Group
               The PPP Bridge Group contains configuration, status, and
               control variables that apply to the operation of Bridging
               over PPP.

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               Implementation of this group is mandatory for all
               implementations of PPP that support the Bridging over
               PPP.

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          5.  Definitions

          PPP-BRIDGE-NCP-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN

          IMPORTS
               experimental, Counter
                    FROM RFC1155-SMI
               ifIndex
                    FROM RFC1213-MIB
               OBJECT-TYPE
                    FROM RFC-1212
               ppp
                    FROM PPP-LCP-MIB;

               pppBridge OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ppp 4 }

          --
          -- The PPP Bridge NCP Group.
          -- Implementation of this group is mandatory for all
          -- PPP implementations that support MAC Bridging  over
          -- PPP (RFC1220).
          --

          -- The following object reflect the values of the option
          -- parameters used in the PPP Link Control Protocol
          --   pppBridgeLocalToRemoteTinygramCompression
          --   pppBridgeRemoteToLocalTinygramCompression
          --   pppBridgeLocalToRemoteLanId
          --   pppBridgeRemoteToLocalLanId
          --
          -- These values are not available until after the PPP Option
          -- negotiation has completed, which is indicated by the link
          -- reaching the open state (i.e. pppBridgeOperStatus is set to
          -- opened).
          --
          -- Therefore, when pppBridgeOperStatus is not opened
          -- the contents of these objects is undefined. The value
          -- returned when accessing the objects is an implementation
          -- dependent issue.

          pppBridgeTable   OBJECT-TYPE

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               SYNTAX    SEQUENCE OF PppBridgeEntry
               ACCESS    not-accessible
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Table containing the parameters and statistics
                         for the local PPP entity that are related to
                         the operation of Bridging over the PPP."
               ::= { pppBridge 1 }

          pppBridgeEntry   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    PppBridgeEntry
               ACCESS    not-accessible
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Bridging information for a particular PPP
                         link."
               INDEX     { ifIndex }
               ::= { pppBridgeTable 1 }

          PppBridgeEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
               pppBridgeOperStatus
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeLocalToRemoteTinygramCompression
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeRemoteToLocalTinygramCompression
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeLocalToRemoteLanId
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeRemoteToLocalLanId
                    INTEGER
          }

          pppBridgeOperStatus   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER {opened(1), not-opened(2)}
               ACCESS    read-only
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "The operational status of the Bridge network
                         protocol. If the value of this object is up
                         then the finite state machine for the Bridge
                         network protocol has reached the Opened state."
               ::= { pppBridgeEntry 1 }

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          pppBridgeLocalToRemoteTinygramCompression   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { false(1), true(2) }
               ACCESS    read-only
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Indicates whether the local node will perform
                         Tinygram Compression when sending packets to
                         the remote entity. If false then the local
                         entity will not perform Tinygram Compression.
                         If true then the local entity will perform
                         Tinygram Compression. The value of this object
                         is meaningful only when the link has reached
                         the open state (pppBridgeOperStatus is
                         opened)."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.7, Tinygram Compression Option, of
                         RFC1220"
               ::= { pppBridgeEntry 2 }

          pppBridgeRemoteToLocalTinygramCompression   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { false(1), true(2) }
               ACCESS    read-only
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "If false(1) then the remote entity is not
                         expected to perform Tinygram Compression. If
                         true then the remote entity is expected to
                         perform Tinygram Compression. The value of this
                         object is meaningful only when the link has
                         reached the open state (pppBridgeOperStatus is
                         opened)."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.7, Tinygram Compression Option, of
                         RFC1220"
               ::= { pppBridgeEntry 3 }

          pppBridgeLocalToRemoteLanId   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { false(1), true(2) }
               ACCESS    read-only
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION

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                         "Indicates whether the local node will include
                         the LAN Identification field in transmitted
                         packets or not. If false(1) then the local node
                         will not transmit this field, true(2) means
                         that the field will be transmitted. The value
                         of this object is meaningful only when the link
                         has reached the open state (pppBridgeOperStatus
                         is opened)."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.8, LAN Identification Option, of
                         RFC1220"
               ::= { pppBridgeEntry 4 }

          pppBridgeRemoteToLocalLanId   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { false(1), true(2) }
               ACCESS    read-only
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Indicates whether the remote node has
                         indicated that it will include the LAN
                         Identification field in transmitted packets or
                         not. If false(1) then the field will not be
                         transmitted, if true(2) then the field will be
                         transmitted. The value of this object is
                         meaningful only when the link has reached the
                         open state (pppBridgeOperStatus is opened)."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.8, LAN Identification Option, of
                         RFC1220"
               ::= { pppBridgeEntry 5 }

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          --
          -- The PPP Bridge Configuration table
          --

          pppBridgeConfigTable   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    SEQUENCE OF PppBridgeConfigEntry
               ACCESS    not-accessible
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Table containing the parameters and statistics
                         for the local PPP entity that are related to
                         the operation of Bridging over the PPP."
               ::= { pppBridge 2 }

          pppBridgeConfigEntry   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    PppBridgeConfigEntry
               ACCESS    not-accessible
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Bridging Configuration information for a
                         particular PPP link."
               INDEX     { ifIndex }
               ::= { pppBridgeConfigTable 1 }

          PppBridgeConfigEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
               pppBridgeConfigAdminStatus
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeConfigTinygram
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeConfigRingId
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeConfigLineId
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeConfigLanId
                    INTEGER
          }

          pppBridgeConfigAdminStatus   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { open(1), close(2) }
               ACCESS    read-write
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION

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                         "The immediate desired status of the Bridging
                         network protocol. Setting this object to open
                         will inject an administrative open event into
                         the Bridging network protocol's finite state
                         machine. Setting this object to close will
                         inject an administrative close event into the
                         Bridging network protocol's finite state
                         machine."
               ::= { pppBridgeConfigEntry 1 }

          pppBridgeConfigTinygram   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { false(1), true(2) }
               ACCESS    read-write
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "If false then the local BNCP entity will not
                         initiate the Tinygram Compression Option
                         Negotiation. If true then the local BNCP entity
                         will initiate negotiation of this option."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.7, Tinygram Compression Option, of
                         RFC1220"
               DEFVAL    { true }
               ::= { pppBridgeConfigEntry 2 }

          pppBridgeConfigRingId   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { false(1), true(2) }
               ACCESS    read-write
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "If false then the local PPP Entity will not
                         initiate a Remote Ring Identification Option
                         negotiation. If true then the local PPP entity
                         will intiate this negotiation. This MIB object
                         is relevant only if the interface is for 802.5
                         Token Ring bridging."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.4, IEEE 802.5 Remote Ring
                         Identification Option, of RFC1220"
               DEFVAL    { false }
               ::= { pppBridgeConfigEntry 3 }

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          pppBridgeConfigLineId   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { false(1), true(2) }
               ACCESS    read-write
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "If false then the local PPP Entity is not to
                         initiate a Line Identification Option
                         negotiation. If true then the local PPP entity
                         will intiate this negotiation. This MIB object
                         is relevant only if the interface is for 802.5
                         Token Ring bridging."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.5, IEEE 802.5 Line Identification
                         Option, of RFC1220"
               DEFVAL    { false }
               ::= { pppBridgeConfigEntry 4 }

          pppBridgeConfigLanId   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { false(1), true(2) }
               ACCESS    read-write
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "If false then the local BNCP entity will not
                         initiate the LAN Identification Option
                         Negotiation. If true then the local BNCP entity
                         will initiate negotiation of this option."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.8, LAN Identification Option, of
                         RFC1220"
               DEFVAL    { false }
               ::= { pppBridgeConfigEntry 5 }

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          --
          -- The PPP Bridge Media Status Table
          --

          pppBridgeMediaTable   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    SEQUENCE OF PppBridgeMediaEntry
               ACCESS    not-accessible
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Table identifying which MAC media types are
                         enabled for the Bridging NCPs."
               ::= { pppBridge 3 }

          pppBridgeMediaEntry   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    PppBridgeMediaEntry
               ACCESS    not-accessible
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Status of a specific MAC Type for a specific
                         PPP Link."
               INDEX     { ifIndex, pppBridgeMediaMacType }
               ::= { pppBridgeMediaTable 1 }

          PppBridgeMediaEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
               pppBridgeMediaMacType
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeMediaLocalStatus
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeMediaRemoteStatus
                    INTEGER
          }

          pppBridgeMediaMacType   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER(0..2147483648)
               ACCESS    read-only
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "The MAC type for which this entry in the
                         pppBridgeMediaTable is providing status
                         information. Valid values for this object are
                         defined in Section 6.6 MAC Type Support
                         Selection of RFC1220 (Bridging Point-to-Point

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                         Protocol)."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.6, MAC Type Support Selection, of
                         RFC1212."
               ::= { pppBridgeMediaEntry 1 }

          pppBridgeMediaLocalStatus   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { accept(1), dont-accept(2) }
               ACCESS    read-only
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Indicates whether the local PPP Bridging
                         Entity will accept packets of the protocol type
                         identified in pppBridgeMediaMacType on the PPP
                         link identified by ifIndex or not. If this
                         object is accept then any packets of the
                         indicated MAC type will be received and
                         properly processed. If this object is dont-
                         accept then received packets of the indicated
                         MAC type will not be properly processed."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.6, MAC Type Support Selection, of
                         RFC1212."
               ::= { pppBridgeMediaEntry 2 }

          pppBridgeMediaRemoteStatus   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { accept(1), dont-accept(2) }
               ACCESS    read-only
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Indicates whether the local PPP Bridging
                         Entity believes that the remote PPP Bridging
                         Entity will accept packets of the protocol type
                         identified in pppBridgeMediaMacType on the PPP
                         link identified by ifIndex or not."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.6, MAC Type Support Selection, of
                         RFC1212."
               ::= { pppBridgeMediaEntry 3 }

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          --
          -- The PPP Bridge Media Configuration Table
          --

          pppBridgeMediaConfigTable   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    SEQUENCE OF PppBridgeMediaConfigEntry
               ACCESS    not-accessible
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Table identifying which MAC media types are
                         enabled for the Bridging NCPs."
               ::= { pppBridge 4 }

          pppBridgeMediaConfigEntry   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    PppBridgeMediaConfigEntry
               ACCESS    not-accessible
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Status of a specific MAC Type for a specific
                         PPP Link."
               INDEX     { ifIndex, pppBridgeMediaConfigMacType }
               ::= { pppBridgeMediaConfigTable 1 }

          PppBridgeMediaConfigEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
               pppBridgeMediaConfigMacType
                    INTEGER,
               pppBridgeMediaConfigLocalStatus
                    INTEGER
          }

          pppBridgeMediaConfigMacType   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER(0..2147483648)
               ACCESS    read-write
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "The MAC type for which this entry in the
                         pppBridgeMediaConfigTable is providing status
                         information. Valid values for this object are
                         defined in Section 6.6 MAC Type Support
                         Selection of RFC1220 (Bridging Point-to-Point
                         Protocol)."
               REFERENCE

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                         "Section 6.6, MAC Type Support Selection, of
                         RFC1212."
               ::= { pppBridgeMediaConfigEntry 1 }

          pppBridgeMediaConfigLocalStatus   OBJECT-TYPE
               SYNTAX    INTEGER { accept(1), dont-accept(2) }
               ACCESS    read-write
               STATUS    mandatory
               DESCRIPTION
                         "Indicates whether the local PPP Bridging
                         Entity should accept packets of the protocol
                         type identified in pppBridgeMediaConfigMacType
                         on the PPP link identified by ifIndex or not.
                         Setting this object to the value dont-accept
                         has the affect of invalidating the
                         corresponding entry in the
                         pppBridgeMediaConfigTable object. It is an
                         implementation-specific matter as to whether
                         the agent removes an invalidated entry from the
                         table. Accordingly, management stations must be
                         prepared to receive tabular information from
                         agents that corresponds to entries not
                         currently in use. Changing this object will
                         have effect when the link is next restarted."
               REFERENCE
                         "Section 6.6, MAC Type Support Selection, of
                         RFC1212."
               ::= { pppBridgeMediaConfigEntry 2 }

          END

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          6.  Acknowledgements

          This document was produced by the PPP working group.  In
          addition to the working group, the author wishes to thank the
          following individuals for their comments and contributions:

          Bill Simpson -- Daydreamer
          Glenn McGregor -- Merit
          Jesse Walker -- DEC
          Chris Gunner -- DEC

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          7.  Security Considerations

          The PPP MIB affords the network operator the ability to
          configure and control the PPP links of a particular system,
          including the PPP authentication protocols. This represents a
          security risk.

          These risks are addressed in the following manners:

          (1)  All variables which represent a significant security risk
               are placed in separate, optional, MIB Groups. As the MIB
               Group is the quantum of implementation within a MIB, the
               implementor of the MIB may elect not to implement these
               groups.

          (2)  The implementor may choose to implement the variables
               which present a security risk so that they may not be
               written, i.e., the variables are READ-ONLY. This method
               still presents a security risk, and is not recommended,
               in that the variables, specifically the PPP
               Authentication Protocols' variables, may be easily read.

          (3)  Using SNMPv2, the operator can place the variables into
               MIB views which are protected in that the parties which
               have access to those MIB views use authentication and
               privacy protocols, or the operator may elect to make
               these views not accessible to any party.  In order to
               facilitate this placement, all security-related variables
               are placed in separate MIB Tables. This eases the
               identification of the necessary MIB View Subtree.

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          8.  References

          [1]  M.T. Rose and K. McCloghrie, Structure and Identification
               of Management Information for TCP/IP-based internets,
               Internet Working Group Request for Comments 1155.
               Network Information Center, SRI International, Menlo
               Park, California, (May, 1990).

          [2]  K. McCloghrie and M.T. Rose, Management Information Base
               for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets - MIB-2,
               Internet Working Group Request for Comments 1213.
               Network Information Center, SRI International, Menlo
               Park, California, (March, 1991).

          [3]  Information processing systems - Open Systems
               Interconnection - Specification of Abstract Syntax
               Notation One (ASN.1), International Organization for
               Standardization.  International Standard 8824, (December,
               1987).

          [4]  Information processing systems - Open Systems
               Interconnection - Specification of Basic Encoding Rules
               for Abstract Notation One (ASN.1), International
               Organization for Standardization.  International Standard
               8825, (December, 1987).

          [5]  Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, Editors, Concise MIB
               Definitions, RFC 1212, Performance Systems International,
               Hughes LAN Systems, March 1991.

          [6]  Rose, M., Editor, A Convention for Defining Traps for use
               with the SNMP, RFC 1215, Performance Systems
               International, March 1991.

          [7]  K. McCloghrie, Extensions to the Generic-Interface MIB,
               RFC1229, Hughes LAN Systems, May 1991.

          [8]  W. Simpson, The Point-to-Point Protocol for the
               Transmission of Multi-protocol Datagrams over Point-to-
               Point Links, RFC 1331, May 1992.

          [9]  G. McGregor, The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol,
               RFC 1332, Merit, May 1992.

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          [10] F. Baker, Point-to-Point Protocol Extensions for
               Bridging, RFC1220, ACC, April 1991.

          [11] B. Lloyd, and Simpson, W., PPP Authentication Protocols
               RFC1334, October 1992.

          [12] W. Simpson, PPP Link Quality Monitoring, RFC 1333, May
               1992.

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          Table of Contents

           Status of this Memo ....................................    1
          1 Abstract ..............................................    2
          2 The Network Management Framework ......................    3
          3 Objects ...............................................    4
          3.1 Format of Definitions ...............................    4
          4 Overview ..............................................    5
          4.1 Object Selection Criteria ...........................    5
          4.2 Structure of the PPP ................................    5
          4.3 MIB Groups ..........................................    6
          5 Definitions ...........................................    8
          6 Acknowledgements ......................................   19
          7 Security Considerations ...............................   20
          8 References ............................................   21

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