S/MIME Example Keys and Certificates
draft-ietf-lamps-samples-02

lamps                                                  D.K. Gillmor, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                                      ACLU
Intended status: Informational                               12 May 2021
Expires: 13 November 2021

                  S/MIME Example Keys and Certificates
                      draft-ietf-lamps-samples-02

Abstract

   The S/MIME development community benefits from sharing samples of
   signed or encrypted data.  This document facilitates such
   collaboration by defining a small set of X.509v3 certificates and
   keys for use when generating such samples.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 13 November 2021.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text
   as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.3.  Prior Work  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Background  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.1.  Certificate Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.2.  Certificate Expiration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.3.  Certificate Revocation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.4.  Using the CA in Test Suites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.5.  Certificate Chains  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     2.6.  Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.7.  Secret key origins  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   3.  Example RSA Certificate Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.1.  RSA Certificate Authority Root Certificate  . . . . . . .   7
     3.2.  RSA Certificate Authority Secret Key  . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.3.  RSA Certificate Authority Cross-signed Certificate  . . .   8
   4.  Alice's Sample Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     4.1.  Alice's Signature Verification End-Entity Certificate . .   9
     4.2.  Alice's Signing Private Key Material  . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.3.  Alice's Encryption End-Entity Certificate . . . . . . . .  11
     4.4.  Alice's Decryption Private Key Material . . . . . . . . .  12
     4.5.  PKCS12 Object for Alice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   5.  Bob's Sample  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     5.1.  Bob's Signature Verification End-Entity Certificate . . .  16
     5.2.  Bob's Signing Private Key Material  . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     5.3.  Bob's Encryption End-Entity Certificate . . . . . . . . .  18
     5.4.  Bob's Decryption Private Key Material . . . . . . . . . .  19
     5.5.  PKCS12 Object for Bob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   6.  Example Ed25519 Certificate Authority . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
     6.1.  Ed25519 Certificate Authority Root Certificate  . . . . .  23
     6.2.  Ed25519 Certificate Authority Secret Key  . . . . . . . .  24
     6.3.  Ed25519 Certificate Authority Cross-signed Certificate  .  24
   7.  Carlos's Sample Certificates  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
     7.1.  Carlos's Signature Verification End-Entity Certificate  .  25
     7.2.  Carlos's Signing Private Key Material . . . . . . . . . .  25
     7.3.  Carlos's Encryption End-Entity Certificate  . . . . . . .  25
     7.4.  Carlos's Decryption Private Key Material  . . . . . . . .  26
     7.5.  PKCS12 Object for Carlos  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
   8.  Dana's Sample Certificates  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     8.1.  Dana's Signature Verification End-Entity Certificate  . .  27
     8.2.  Dana's Signing Private Key Material . . . . . . . . . . .  28
     8.3.  Dana's Encryption End-Entity Certificate  . . . . . . . .  28
     8.4.  Dana's Decryption Private Key Material  . . . . . . . . .  28
     8.5.  PKCS12 Object for Dana  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
   10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30

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   11. Document Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
     11.1.  Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
       11.1.1.  Substantive Changes from draft-ietf-*-01 to
               draft-ietf-*-02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
       11.1.2.  Substantive Changes from draft-ietf-*-00 to
               draft-ietf-*-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
       11.1.3.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-05 to
               draft-ietf-*-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
       11.1.4.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-04 to
               draft-dkg-*-05  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
       11.1.5.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-03 to
               draft-dkg-*-04  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
       11.1.6.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-02 to
               draft-dkg-*-03  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
       11.1.7.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-01 to
               draft-dkg-*-02  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
       11.1.8.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-00 to
               draft-dkg-*-01  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
   12. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
   13. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
     13.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
     13.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33

1.  Introduction

   The S/MIME ([RFC8551]) development community, in particular the
   e-mail development community, benefits from sharing samples of signed
   and/or encrypted data.  Often the exact key material used does not
   matter because the properties being tested pertain to implementation
   correctness, completeness or interoperability of the overall system.
   However, without access to the relevant secret key material, a sample
   is useless.

   This document defines a small set of X.509v3 certificates ([RFC5280])
   and secret keys for use when generating or operating on such samples.

   An example RSA certificate authority is supplied, and sample RSA
   certificates are provided for two "personas", Alice and Bob.

   Additionally, an Ed25519 ([RFC8032]) certificate authority is
   supplied, along with sample Ed25519 certificates for two more
   "personas", Carlos and Dana.

   This document focuses narrowly on functional, well-formed identity
   and key material.  It is a starting point that other documents can
   use to develop sample signed or encrypted messages, test vectors, or
   other artifacts for improved interoperability.

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1.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

1.2.  Terminology

   *  "Certificate Authority" (or "CA") is a party capable of issuing
      X.509 certificates

   *  "End-Entity" is a party that is capable of using X.509
      certificates (and their corresponding secret key material)

   *  "Mail User Agent" (or "MUA") is a program that generates or
      handles [RFC5322] e-mail messages.

1.3.  Prior Work

   [RFC4134] contains some sample certificates, as well as messages of
   various S/MIME formats.  That older work has unacceptably old
   algorithm choices that may introduce failures when testing modern
   systems: in 2019, some tools explicitly mark 1024-bit RSA and
   1024-bit DSS as weak.

   This earlier document also does not use the now widely-accepted PEM
   encoding for the objects, and instead embeds runnable perl code to
   extract them from the document.

   It also includes examples of messages and other structures which are
   greater in ambition than this document intends to be.

   [RFC8410] includes an example X25519 certificate that is certified
   with Ed25519, but it appears to be self-issued, and it is not
   directly useful in testing an S/MIME-capable MUA.

2.  Background

2.1.  Certificate Usage

   These X.509 certificates ([RFC5280]) are designed for use with S/MIME
   protections ([RFC8551]) for e-mail ([RFC5322]).

   In particular, they should be usable with signed and encrypted
   messages.

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2.2.  Certificate Expiration

   The certificates included in this draft expire in 2052.  This should
   be sufficiently far in the future that they will be useful for a few
   decades.  However, when testing tools in the far future (or when
   playing with clock skew scenarios), care should be taken to consider
   the certificate validity window.

   Due to this lengthy expiration window, these certificates will not be
   particularly useful to test or evaluate the interaction between
   certificate expiration and protected messages.

2.3.  Certificate Revocation

   Because these are expected to be used in test suites or examples, and
   we do not expect there to be online network services in these use
   cases, we do not expect these certificates to produce any revocation
   artifacts.

   As a result, there are no OCSP or CRL indicators in any of the
   certificates.

2.4.  Using the CA in Test Suites

   To use these end-entity certificates in a piece of software (for
   example, in a test suite or an interoperability matrix), most tools
   will need to accept either the Example RSA CA (Section 3) or the
   Example Ed25519 CA (Section 6) as a legitimate root authority.

   Note that some tooling behaves differently for certificates validated
   by "locally-installed root CAs" than for pre-installed "system-level"
   root CAs).  For example, many common implementations of HPKP
   ([RFC7469]) only applied the designed protections when dealing with a
   certificate issued by a pre-installed "system-level" root CA, and
   were disabled when dealing with a certificate issued by a "locally-
   installed root CA".

   To test some tooling specifically, it may be necessary to install the
   root CA as a "system-level" root CA.

2.5.  Certificate Chains

   In most real-world examples, X.509 certificates are deployed with a
   chain of more than one X.509 certificate.  In particular, there is
   typically a long-lived root CA that users' software knows about upon
   installation, and the end-entity certificate is issued by an
   intermediate CA, which is in turn issued by the root CA.

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   The example end-entity certificates in this document can be used with
   either a simple two-link certificate chain (they are directly
   certified by their corresponding root CA), or in a three-link chain.

   For example, Alice's encryption certificate (Section 4.3,
   "alice.encrypt.crt") can be validated by a peer that directly trusts
   the Example RSA CA's root cert (Section 3.1, "ca.crt"):

   ╔════════╗  ┌───────────────────┐
   ║ ca.crt ╟─→│ alice.encrypt.crt │
   ╚════════╝  └───────────────────┘

   And it can also be validated by a peer that only directly trusts the
   Example Ed25519 CA's root cert (Section 6.1, "ca.25519.crt"), via an
   intermediate cross-signed CA cert (Section 3.3, "ca.cross.crt"):

   ╔══════════════╗  ┌──────────────┐  ┌───────────────────┐
   ║ ca.25519.crt ╟─→│ ca.cross.crt ├─→│ alice.encrypt.crt │
   ╚══════════════╝  └──────────────┘  └───────────────────┘

   By omitting the cross-signed CA certs, it should be possible to test
   a "transvalid" certificate (an end-entity certificate that is
   supplied without its intermediate certificate) in some
   configurations.

2.6.  Passwords

   Each secret key presented in this draft is unprotected (it has no
   password).

   As such, the secret key objects are not suitable for verifying
   interoperable password protection schemes.

   However, the PKCS#12 [RFC7292] objects do have simple textual
   passwords, because tooling for dealing with passwordless PKCS#12
   objects is underdeveloped at the time of this draft.

2.7.  Secret key origins

   The secret RSA keys in this document are all deterministically
   derived using provable prime generation as found in [FIPS186-4],
   based on known seeds derived via [SHA256] from simple strings.  The
   secret Ed25519 and X25519 keys in this document are all derived by
   hashing a simple string.  The seeds and their derivation are included
   in the document for informational purposes, and to allow re-creation
   of the objects from appropriate tooling.

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   All RSA seeds used are 224 bits long (the first 224 bits of the
   SHA-256 digest of the origin string), and are represented in
   hexadecimal.

3.  Example RSA Certificate Authority

   The example RSA Certificate Authority has the following information:

   *  Name: "Sample LAMPS Certificate Authority"

3.1.  RSA Certificate Authority Root Certificate

   This cerificate is used to verify certificates issued by the example
   RSA Certificate Authority.

   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIDKzCCAhOgAwIBAgITD5FARp09T2LXr/FPQiI+8ZsGAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0F
   ADAtMSswKQYDVQQDEyJTYW1wbGUgTEFNUFMgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5
   MCAXDTE5MTEyMDA2NTQxOFoYDzIwNTIwOTI3MDY1NDE4WjAtMSswKQYDVQQDEyJT
   YW1wbGUgTEFNUFMgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0B
   AQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAnFB71AsptFyqxG4qPtbt2VLJVctHyNXtlIUWve4q
   PSo/+Oi9s3sf+t7krrosxlv626L+Wm05t99ZVKWKn7y2uYyO7/IToRpTwHN1sXga
   Uz/u2gjPfS69R20ZNSKL9EiB78hgCr1UvY5elQoW2Y4zqQGR729pQYI5obT15V8n
   wdyHCTvecvvvMGBiaAk66VlMQCZLG+nVU8wYVCl6fE37Z1qAs12XlUJr3DGgVKGf
   ZpMz55xiV8q11Aobhmx4aPPyE4GWshDDt4DbtYJMGLEeik1AmNHBsmyaQCLBxVE3
   3ZW1UrhK5Pb9qSL4gizDZ7ZaGZNudwjJu20HHVIGQT7nDwIDAQABo0IwQDAPBgNV
   HRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUeF8OWnjYa+RU
   cD2z3ez38fL6wEcwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQENBQADggEBAC6D3qI26uy9yKEqxoBLkNLQ
   lpRTKzBn/78v4ejj5HyyNwxkMe2nSRUuLEo65537NwAa9XuOaSRDKRl+SH8ArvGd
   C2XhEfKm2GwW1eyV2ZLFzwWinZMKce3NgraQWYxFndI12ewbUUQr5R4b4AO69lSE
   iOJ2bTWJGHpuCrLKfx98pnarJxFp6hOS6V3wxny5ksQ5NGfqNWnovZRSSvGfyu7H
   HKLp7T1dNHmF1n4bJtnx7/6yks+Eu8jQp9vhhEXdeAq3ZAPJGahY8AIndg01ZGNG
   vAIzxiHzjEWWcjbwtIkINZAPZHgq1u1cjhy7mDfq9GfCoE4/6q55N6Etbuesh5c=
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

3.2.  RSA Certificate Authority Secret Key

   This secret key material is used by the example Certificate Authority
   to issue new certificates.

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   -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
   MIIE/AIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKkwggSlAgEAAoIBAQCcUHvUCym0XKrE
   bio+1u3ZUslVy0fI1e2UhRa97io9Kj/46L2zex/63uSuuizGW/rbov5abTm331lU
   pYqfvLa5jI7v8hOhGlPAc3WxeBpTP+7aCM99Lr1HbRk1Iov0SIHvyGAKvVS9jl6V
   ChbZjjOpAZHvb2lBgjmhtPXlXyfB3IcJO95y++8wYGJoCTrpWUxAJksb6dVTzBhU
   KXp8TftnWoCzXZeVQmvcMaBUoZ9mkzPnnGJXyrXUChuGbHho8/ITgZayEMO3gNu1
   gkwYsR6KTUCY0cGybJpAIsHFUTfdlbVSuErk9v2pIviCLMNntloZk253CMm7bQcd
   UgZBPucPAgMBAAECggEAJ56StD0cFfYC5oTRulm5sYK1O0Sp7jKi5CkTiZJrLFOg
   IVPEeVB0255RMiRIIwK/Q5o9g+f5YCyBNN48k54+ZitFM3YVGZlVrwrUwuWhLoae
   4K6pAJ6vJQJ3CCu4c3NJU+Biz3YLm3wRZw9GmV/cojKeraR8djkuqFj4lmmW5yC7
   mj8XLnl1snOAEZEHhi/10zibru5GoCjwFrmJT8qbmYX89gbua24wcVlmqImzV48z
   lQJ0nJDJ8VPNjwvyX27DjefBw2FgUiT8J/iEmS7BZ+1laF/UyEsxqsZ4odJIVfPT
   /JbGl+VkAoM1R2Qrv6ZFisDVfGZkIpWtSaBlknh+CQKBgQC82Y7gYnG3wiotvTKC
   L5BWMWoknCM4LTM5AqYSZjfpnMsOEfOgzpyABUyK+3zKrzoqxokVfuvHlj2Hzw8Y
   EUQ2gqJdU5iObl3dH0C7K5J/9Kua12VEcv5NFiBs5paMXTub6SdG0CyeUUfDW133
   UfdW0rgCuPvPpya7lQa4k2T8XQKBgQDT5VHzRJMXRKTaI6nHw5RI2F88b89nvkib
   BRvnDm2N7bxVfLiKSf2hQUhdLppIm0J8it/ksjJ/zQ197UA6DfilAjQB+mKi/fB8
   h7pmElFElhy71/93T/uv2CA1RaIGSWhTMu+7Z9+/5cb1zRsorgrB2s0tTpDkDnuX
   A1wRbBraWwKBgQCyNUsSi1NsaJmM2AEVwPSfobncGktR87Vmkw1MR5FzrjYfbOlO
   Uip01ItKi89TJM/rFba+xiqRCUG/KrG/sGuCVPwKvZw0rAl/ZMKc3Z09ihF16NTz
   JuC6taqbmW1vv3tEwVwDAudX7rOdslaV0I9rKyXhy9Y0OjPex96zxsOBMQKBgQCt
   Wj7hNojf0FjN3b9YnrkBn4LKfu6/gP0FVfit3y/hnU0m4xJWkJHfCvmYwjeWju6l
   1Te2cdK+m5MeIqsY07VHybWiqKVpkzbbqm7kcrfp1KVNSDjH87eE9NvkuUMEwamH
   53QZbbGv3NwY2+QMM9a5IbgaCNygtviFY0o/NqIBYQKBgQCyki2Y/sKDolNBbjwf
   nFMsdYb+nRmbJMSvLHbJSVhypB6aX3qjHhBlPrTW6WT5KIjumCtSadsDceUtr9tT
   2ofP0ZOXP9IDIF2v1X3165LPsieGZv4VzhLivJrfMYfI4p4GkiK44RSUWcxrBAmq
   9SGCNQ8nx1AsXLZn57U52Oji8KA7MDkGCisGAQQBkggSCAExKzApBglghkgBZQME
   AgIEHPBUYbjdNRelyUPep86pkRfIdEPM9N+yPctTfB0=
   -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

   This secret key was generated using provable prime generation found
   in [FIPS186-4] using the seed
   "f05461b8dd3517a5c943dea7cea99117c87443ccf4dfb23dcb537c1d".  This
   seed is the first 224 bits of the [SHA256] digest of the string
   "draft-lamps-sample-certs-keygen.ca.seed".

3.3.  RSA Certificate Authority Cross-signed Certificate

   If an e-mail client only trusts the Ed25519 Certificate Authority
   Root Certificate found in Section 6.1, they can use this intermediate
   CA certificate to verify any end entity certificate issued by the
   example RSA Certificate Authority.

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   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIICgjCCAjSgAwIBAgITB2Y8zXRHikdU9jKPM22+7kcZXTAFBgMrZXAwNTEzMDEG
   A1UEAxMqU2FtcGxlIExBTVBTIEVkMjU1MTkgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5
   MCAXDTIwMTIxNTIxMzU0NFoYDzIwNTIwOTI3MDY1NDE4WjAtMSswKQYDVQQDEyJT
   YW1wbGUgTEFNUFMgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0B
   AQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAnFB71AsptFyqxG4qPtbt2VLJVctHyNXtlIUWve4q
   PSo/+Oi9s3sf+t7krrosxlv626L+Wm05t99ZVKWKn7y2uYyO7/IToRpTwHN1sXga
   Uz/u2gjPfS69R20ZNSKL9EiB78hgCr1UvY5elQoW2Y4zqQGR729pQYI5obT15V8n
   wdyHCTvecvvvMGBiaAk66VlMQCZLG+nVU8wYVCl6fE37Z1qAs12XlUJr3DGgVKGf
   ZpMz55xiV8q11Aobhmx4aPPyE4GWshDDt4DbtYJMGLEeik1AmNHBsmyaQCLBxVE3
   3ZW1UrhK5Pb9qSL4gizDZ7ZaGZNudwjJu20HHVIGQT7nDwIDAQABo2MwYTAPBgNV
   HRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUeF8OWnjYa+RU
   cD2z3ez38fL6wEcwHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAUa6KVfboUm+QtBNEHpNGC5C5rjLUwBQYD
   K2VwA0EA+Zb/X/6jcMIBDyy3UbV+8JMfYgSZRNyyyaW8Oz1dqQGtWsW2Rl0FZfw5
   fUMzFTd/jLQdU/g3LCtyIhuTHPSdAQ==
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

4.  Alice's Sample Certificates

   Alice has the following information:

   *  Name: "Alice Lovelace"

   *  E-mail Address: "alice@smime.example"

4.1.  Alice's Signature Verification End-Entity Certificate

   This certificate is used for verification of signatures made by
   Alice.

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   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIDbDCCAlSgAwIBAgITITV4Z0iuK08vZP20oTh//hC8BDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0F
   ADAtMSswKQYDVQQDEyJTYW1wbGUgTEFNUFMgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5
   MCAXDTE5MTEyMDA2NTQxOFoYDzIwNTIwOTI3MDY1NDE4WjAZMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5B
   bGljZSBMb3ZlbGFjZTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBALT0
   iehYOBY+TZp/T5K2KNI05Hwr+E3wP6XTvyi6WWyTgBK9LCOwI2juwdRrjFBSXkk7
   pWpjXwsA3A5GOtz0FpfgyC7OxsVcF7q4WHWZWleYXFKlQHJD73nQwXP968+A/3rB
   X7PhO0DBbZnfitOLPgPEwjTtdg0VQQ6Wz+CRQ/YbHPKaw7aRphZO63dKvIKp4cQV
   tkWQHi6syTjGsgkLcLNau5LZDQUdsGV+SAo3nBdWCRYV+I65x8Kf4hCxqqmjV3d/
   2NKRu0BXnDe/N+iDz3X0zEoj0fqXgq4SWcC0nsG1lyyXt1TL270I6ATKRGJWiQVC
   CpDtc0NT6vdJ45bCSzsCAwEAAaOBljCBkzAMBgNVHRMBAf8EAjAAMB4GA1UdEQQX
   MBWBE2FsaWNlQHNtaW1lLmV4YW1wbGUwEwYDVR0lBAwwCgYIKwYBBQUHAwQwDgYD
   VR0PAQH/BAQDAgbAMB0GA1UdDgQWBBS79syyLR0GEhyXrilqkBDTIGZmczAfBgNV
   HSMEGDAWgBR4Xw5aeNhr5FRwPbPd7Pfx8vrARzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0FAAOCAQEA
   ee6To0QC32Z7njIGt8b6AI/YY2PzmhKakIwc7V/9zCuXwcvYGEDWtmAGXEUKkvHL
   1p0DtQqD3YQ8n1/PjwW3hsVB5Az65E3gFTvRbKXmI8Z4UAYWMJBmuxX3oUd0kZAW
   WRkeQBe3LBATG0/I4tHkpH6WF/lVRf5jw6xwsXFL27xjQ3T1Jqo1GV+Mekzcc7Z4
   y+7/8y4+BxZ0AG8H8UcgLj9CFicysCV/fTUHpY4yh0VXBhH9WUw16XGJUfxpx6ZV
   TszxfaNpxbfeM5GVrgF42n0ztJB9D/6nJO8flXEP62JBO1xD1oziJDnPuMDwE2pK
   KFlEI+TjQEUy5DKiSWjd1w==
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

4.2.  Alice's Signing Private Key Material

   This private key material is used by Alice to create signatures.

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   -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
   MIIE+gIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKcwggSjAgEAAoIBAQC09InoWDgWPk2a
   f0+StijSNOR8K/hN8D+l078oullsk4ASvSwjsCNo7sHUa4xQUl5JO6VqY18LANwO
   Rjrc9BaX4MguzsbFXBe6uFh1mVpXmFxSpUByQ+950MFz/evPgP96wV+z4TtAwW2Z
   34rTiz4DxMI07XYNFUEOls/gkUP2GxzymsO2kaYWTut3SryCqeHEFbZFkB4urMk4
   xrIJC3CzWruS2Q0FHbBlfkgKN5wXVgkWFfiOucfCn+IQsaqpo1d3f9jSkbtAV5w3
   vzfog8919MxKI9H6l4KuElnAtJ7BtZcsl7dUy9u9COgEykRiVokFQgqQ7XNDU+r3
   SeOWwks7AgMBAAECggEAFKD2DG9A1u77q3u3p2WDH3zueTtiqgaT8u8XO+jhOI/+
   HzoX9eo8DIJ/b/G3brwHyfh17JFvLH1zbgsn5bghJTz3r+JcZZ5l3srqMV8t8zjI
   JEHOKC3szH8gYVKWrIgBAqOt1H9Ti8J2oKk2aymqBFr3ZXpBUCTWpEz2s3FMBUUI
   qCEsAJqsdEch+kt43X5kvAom7LC1DHiE6RKfhMEub/LGNHSwY4dmzhaG6p95FJ1h
   s8HoURI2ReVpsTadaKd3KoYNc1lcffmwdZs/hFs7xmmwXKMmlonh1mzHqD1/BqeJ
   Hc8MP4ueDdyVgIe/uVtlQ9NcRQbuokkDyDYMYV6hzQKBgQD75ahYGFGZznRKtSE3
   w/2rUqTYIWxx2PQz5G58PcsTZM89Hj4aZOoLmudHbrTQHluRNcHoXEI62rs0cVPs
   D7IlZOLfs+SSTeNEXxD57mjyyufpV65OcNc1mSJAmMX2jWQ8ndnOuWPcc5J6fNvT
   au0a7ZBOaeKHnA8XXL3GYilM9QKBgQC35xKi7f2JmGtsYY21tfRuDUm6EjhMW6b7
   GWnI9IXF8TGj15s7oDEYvqSPTJdB6PAb/tZwdbj9mB4qj176x1kB/N7GO974O8UP
   /PdHkU7duyf5nRq1mrI+yGFHVsGD313rc+akYdKcC207e6IRMST1ZFoznC6qNgpi
   nNTuDz4ZbwKBgA5Dd9/dKKm77gvY69Objn6oBFuUsO5VaaaSlcsFOL2VZMLCNqQJ
   +NLFZ7k8xJJQVcEIOT2uE7X/csBKdoUUcnL5nnsqVZQPQwI5G937KQgugylMZLte
   WmFXlX/w5qzKXtWr3ox9JPFzveSfs1bqZBi1QQmfp0skhBo/jyNvpYUNAoGAMNkw
   GhcdQW87GY7QFXQ/ePwOmV49lgrCT/BwKPDKl8l5ZgvfL/ddEzWQgH/XraoyHT2T
   uEuM18+QM73hfLt26RBCHGXK1CUMMzL+fAQc7sjH1YXlkleFASg4rrpcrKqoR+KB
   YSiayNhAK4yrf+WN66C8VPknbA7us0L1TEbAOAECgYEAtwRiiQwk3BlqENFypyc8
   0Q1pxp3U7ciHi8mni0kNcTqe57Y/2o8nY9ISnt1GffMs79YQfRXTRdEm2St6oChI
   9Cv5j74LHZXkgEVFfO2Nq/uwSzTZkePk+HoPJo4WtAdokZgRAyyHl0gEae8Rl89e
   yBX7dutONALjRZFTrg18CuegOzA5BgorBgEEAZIIEggBMSswKQYJYIZIAWUDBAIC
   BBySyJ1DMNPY4x1P3pudD+bp/BQhQd1lpF5bQ28F
   -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

   This secret key was generated using provable prime generation found
   in [FIPS186-4] using the seed
   "92c89d4330d3d8e31d4fde9b9d0fe6e9fc142141dd65a45e5b436f05".  This
   seed is the first 224 bits of the [SHA256] digest of the string
   "draft-lamps-sample-certs-keygen.alice.sign.seed".

4.3.  Alice's Encryption End-Entity Certificate

   This certificate is used to encrypt messages to Alice.

Gillmor                 Expires 13 November 2021               [Page 11]
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   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIDbDCCAlSgAwIBAgITXr7MRJB7qx35ms1tFWj7th3y5jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0F
   ADAtMSswKQYDVQQDEyJTYW1wbGUgTEFNUFMgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5
   MCAXDTE5MTEyMDA2NTQxOFoYDzIwNTIwOTI3MDY1NDE4WjAZMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5B
   bGljZSBMb3ZlbGFjZTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAJqV
   KfqLwaLjj+gBUCfkacKTg8cc2OtJ9ZSed6U3jUoiZVpMLcP3MUKtLeLg9r1mAfID
   lB/wlbdmadXPmrszyidmbuZmOpB5voVQfiLYYy3iOx7YOqzXrl6udP07k0sV+UdS
   NRFxrfKeoQEFXgOaGdmnx4OG/e3p1fIKM0dPzZLoOAJF5m5O0xzXPL74zFCWp2f1
   ZkuE4A6l41koaZXCN5XL7wWTLMLeNf9Byb5ksKqUuqEHAMd1nmoNMgjY9VfVfcrv
   9w43GG8FtpSX+TWzB2zNS2OF+XIVnzRG5DeoULq8v88Z5bLpIJ/nx26r8A4SSwIB
   aVv4wPxAf1iPsIVKarUCAwEAAaOBljCBkzAMBgNVHRMBAf8EAjAAMB4GA1UdEQQX
   MBWBE2FsaWNlQHNtaW1lLmV4YW1wbGUwEwYDVR0lBAwwCgYIKwYBBQUHAwQwDgYD
   VR0PAQH/BAQDAgUgMB0GA1UdDgQWBBSiU0HVRDyAKRV8ASPw546vzfN3DzAfBgNV
   HSMEGDAWgBR4Xw5aeNhr5FRwPbPd7Pfx8vrARzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0FAAOCAQEA
   kxjgvL3tIH8ZIeI9rLd16aftGuo3uKRl2aU6Hek7vFfwJESn6oNTPrJUQYigoYVS
   Sm/9yvGXmNEON21j83IgbeUfZgcIpgcXkwwfVsrhxnj0bcXLnuAOzvlzZfDgz/YO
   uRSa2m9oaQg1um7CLDWiE/Zqe6XzLD6JKhHzYHYILajnFgoKBkL57GFVJlXFkgJc
   bW2880QchGj6XDdXcJzYiBuQD+pGz+t2phgW6E/8vTUvATZ1s1SC4UN19AyqJyAl
   RQWGJpJdsHN8bBiRenio1NajPMbFnCjz1pf5bNoF10yWJkFcG6A+EWjAMlWgl/tu
   QapHLcsaIPscn6mnqbFNyA==
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

4.4.  Alice's Decryption Private Key Material

   This private key material is used by Alice to decrypt messages.

Gillmor                 Expires 13 November 2021               [Page 12]
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   -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
   MIIE+gIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKcwggSjAgEAAoIBAQCalSn6i8Gi44/o
   AVAn5GnCk4PHHNjrSfWUnnelN41KImVaTC3D9zFCrS3i4Pa9ZgHyA5Qf8JW3ZmnV
   z5q7M8onZm7mZjqQeb6FUH4i2GMt4jse2Dqs165ernT9O5NLFflHUjURca3ynqEB
   BV4DmhnZp8eDhv3t6dXyCjNHT82S6DgCReZuTtMc1zy++MxQlqdn9WZLhOAOpeNZ
   KGmVwjeVy+8FkyzC3jX/Qcm+ZLCqlLqhBwDHdZ5qDTII2PVX1X3K7/cONxhvBbaU
   l/k1swdszUtjhflyFZ80RuQ3qFC6vL/PGeWy6SCf58duq/AOEksCAWlb+MD8QH9Y
   j7CFSmq1AgMBAAECggEADgxoWEDDRE5yEZ+s7TMw+WH2o+3XOOrryqnsLbOyv34I
   wAAUWK7qZyjd9rSDOAtBOgFhQNXYhWZlT+0iHslCIfqJMZ8wy1iFHBCIphoMSWs5
   /D+idXrUef5Y23rClBxXH0g1UnSGXnpUH4ehV6p1lvZMh4OJKEoMC4cpyd1SzXrw
   +VGCc1+pXv/tTW3Rb2qoWO9JoWY+Epcssrw5N8OFIFODh4QfbLN6pVTt28aQ4pf/
   1KhLoapjFzXSYp/jrcNjYJ9qRdSAbZsKOJ2yZ0yqjLHDCDipFty+W0pkUZcJhsgu
   Cg1Stt7tKgSvAV/nEjN8e/vA91/AACKBCNcLzEoLgQKBgQC4eTM6BDCzlusXJBK4
   SRC/WwUthJZzfOk2Gmwr0DCTRYhWQSDjBfiQNboazHObVPz45qP10fOt2iPEHeX+
   VWAXTNrN69M9lEzxygA3s76lAejBR3FbLWkzLYqPB3oZwSIE7CrWHTXJipFWZv+X
   FG1R418fnRCUMJ4j85qem5iyqQKBgQDWhQMJu7FC02fr83qsIdLwqhiDtTpwUN3j
   qfp7JoEZOxbm3TgM1xPAkrQTUgfr2ZhXGtUwsuKHyifxQEycrTkBOg0gqAfG0fnv
   ybyXK6/guctHJQiy64lL39kPuvQkKB+YO60B/oF6zbyFvqanoKXjpspObN3i3yBU
   X5/EOu/LLQKBgQCUVwHWeWAgSg+pgBx9jGOnPK4hOCkznRJ7qyuo37Tv+E317lFf
   vYFvlYSd4CJmmiUCkZTvK3FkL7HrFo/HwSeQFQEt7aDkN8jX9bPPFv8K+UoNgkGp
   LA8YVFrDQSPyadfNVYvsuXhzJLZSYGjPOGHgI5JufYLDZ4UDK/T97ekQYQKBgDDM
   ORCxvXTyGiW2USVu3EkaqFDtnMmH27G6LNxuudc/dco2cFWbZ0bbGFN8yYiBCwJl
   fDGDv7wb5FIgykypqtn4lpvjHUHA6hX90gShT3TTTsZ0SjJJGgZEeV/2qyq+ZdF/
   Ya+ecV26BzR1Vfuzs4jBnCuS4DaHgxcuWW2N6pZRAoGAWTovk3xdtE0TZvDerxUY
   l8hX+vwJGy7uZjegi4cFecSkOR4iekVxrEvEGhpNdEB2GqdLgp6Q6GPdalCG2wc4
   7pojp/0inc4RtRRf3nZHaTy00bnSe/0y+t0OUbkRMtXhnViVhCcOt6BUcsHupbu2
   Adub72KLk+gvASDduuatGjqgOzA5BgorBgEEAZIIEggBMSswKQYJYIZIAWUDBAIC
   BBwc90hJ90RfRmxCciUfX5a3f6Bpiz6Ys/Hugge/
   -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

   This secret key was generated using provable prime generation found
   in [FIPS186-4] using the seed
   "1cf74849f7445f466c4272251f5f96b77fa0698b3e98b3f1ee8207bf".  This
   seed is the first 224 bits of the [SHA256] digest of the string
   "draft-lamps-sample-certs-keygen.alice.encrypt.seed".

4.5.  PKCS12 Object for Alice

   This PKCS12 ([RFC7292]) object contains the same information as
   presented in Section 4.1, Section 4.2, Section 4.3, Section 4.4, and
   Section 3.1.

   It is locked with the simple five-letter password "alice".

Gillmor                 Expires 13 November 2021               [Page 13]
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   -----BEGIN PKCS12-----
   MIIXsAIBAzCCF0gGCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCFzkEghc1MIIXMTCCBC8GCSqGSIb3DQEH
   BqCCBCAwggQcAgEAMIIEFQYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMBwGCiqGSIb3DQEMAQMwDgQIWQKs
   PyUaB9YCAhTCgIID6OG+E29xPAn+g9mtERq3M50uFGqQjP2tx5uyldS+xlSUYk8a
   HCsBfrLFfh2EDZHuGFxwHVwbc5dhOZlJAKyT0jRnZ0jnMEuD01Zxb8V8/LaiBGs7
   j6UGToFIsCSofsLbYWD8rN5wlSt4RzBf3JaiFQ+7CkeTkmC+RQ8eMLN7SxfoToro
   lMEzUHrvVb+0KuD9/6UldmWXzxpzuSFxgQBKPlou88gPqeqFmelBqyWdn1ATkjhB
   /yv1oQNm+Qd/A4fCKL/oQrO4/KvU1zZgsQ6vBWUgUM4CHZRvdfZhMQNJpIJ5lQrR
   Og6/6d2CJqTD6WmsZ3XD0mozIC67VRHm4BZsKjZMa5C9H5J0PgUuN4S5N7fCRE5U
   RKzSHJwFmoAtLbe7qlUT+98iYMdmB3unWwsiUIsrODH2OOMykvjcPvyyjbc2SEGX
   z8iLWdDoxJQz/3hNTDSp7S84G1pd/tOtBD4r9VlCfu1f4yy+ivX4znG0sFK/VEzK
   I6MuP37T2WCHphibX4CAXGjQD7fbIjg+qyF+G8Cyd+L6DgH2/7rbZNa2RSLjGKSh
   j7+lRyafY6E5Ge02H1dhdgL6AYtxRBjuBxsI2qymR5ioJ7zR0TKOcwisTjeTVGMf
   2D35OsbSbJTnE/iOMChj0oxHDWsBbVJ4JMCAVNWEZGUHRdCKQvH38V0nvCdgK/L1
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   goTF1VkTLNA+YhjrIqUyW0726o84yuAi2z2JWO+g4oYQqTmdaWbDhFGNIVmopxIe
   SMLUh9yH+JjjUVImL0pdjSY9Dyhx9hjbITktinfl+QADjd/GmtxCbBTXa6vChDJN
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   6XIBGLUeJkPhbgiwgtRwdHzcQ1YhZUTdoiGjfLPWZif2ROqNNsqXH8CHzcxX6nas
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   B1mrABED/pVD1GT6IMRqFTMbnrLgbnwNmHBo231yA/+tu6hwLnTtFk2YZkeinOrt
   6JUS2GQwggQXBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggQIMIIEBAIBADCCA/0GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAc
   BgoqhkiG9w0BDAEDMA4ECPoEFEHQGB9dAgIU5oCCA9ACIR/7QLUcUI1XjLtVNP9P
   JzjfAjV9GSb/Liw/FRPIZ3b8QujOCQwNqJG9QWf049+am6ZWFH6tzyk4go66d6Lq
   AbsVcRWHAgz8UcxOdLTXOmF2ZJJIstNHsIFDiHlwKWQ4XA+uZQ0gk7Lzvj6sp0nU
   nPaeYXS3nKQUiHSFnKlKdmsn5Iti1k29TEbWfVdOi2xLRecC5tIF5aErds4wREah
   rkBVtWJ72uhcQjFAX0s505h3QSqk04lVl8Z4ktbo7p+YWZZc4t9z7says0XpF5wS
   i7Z/k6OtbZ7pGItUH9PcbNfuIep+uvl+Sxitfmc85BZgj3G+Z3pqDm3YSgosHQBO
   hzllK294R/BLSI4qP2l3dhqxfaJfhdmF17APUCxwirT9yduEwpQnC+ieMVAPJx8a
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   LLZ0EJx2WSX8cNCExhx/0A6VjbxIQuWZ0eDAwljC2uTiYvYqjVfiUEV8JHpCUQTZ
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   tNH6TC05CfZS8m7w16C2d58WYruiR9+QPhXNgnV4ealwk8l1Va9QeM5KUzQVchkW
   5qFLyvDPZG49UbxMMPWfUXdsb+ENU7JIM3739SUz+ubOzOyQCykmjtIyg1Tt4wfZ
   1rWPsgQo7d0zQW+26g8B8aNU25UNYbXikmYi8rmQwqMYng1yTPjGHKrNOurjMwwz
   VQOJIduThstQcjBMorHprA6O+IIOPvCJCIOAiHbktGEbrOaZutYLMZcfMUgZT26e
   1t3BFPVS4OQnEvM8yIrryvCXQu2g1ef4RPsKDQLblXyeCo1bSrXA8fwB0Td3+xYL
   V3O8h1wJUp2ZllpZQU980ACbn7tmQLrP16XpLSpi/7S6rTYWUfNV84iItJJ9bCab
   18iUlUXqprCka2jbCLExCdjYzhE3nWeREGB6AtVj09psL8LqhlwojbfnzmJzV5wz
   +KiBONT4pSjI7XwTBee8q5rKa8+sTr6rVWoIHJ/5a6uILZEJm46ERIzvRM+A1jKm
   6ZybUxEkHDGR91y8JCEex7fUHzUa75liVQygu24wk/4Ssi4DbwqXCmEA6XsBQ0St
   FiTfMkIuRJeZ4Z50ZcmM9bwMsCw6gO6+GYqZJ0pu8woN97gBe4qxygj2CehenxNS
   MIIDrwYJKoZIhvcNAQcGoIIDoDCCA5wCAQAwggOVBgkqhkiG9w0BBwEwHAYKKoZI
   hvcNAQwBAzAOBAidIqBxZFwvagICFCKAggNor23OUC45pysZrDfScxyAOWuCHXIH

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Gillmor                 Expires 13 November 2021               [Page 15]
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   -----END PKCS12-----

5.  Bob's Sample

   Bob has the following information:

   *  Name: "Bob Babbage"

   *  E-mail Address: "bob@smime.example"

5.1.  Bob's Signature Verification End-Entity Certificate

   This certificate is used for verification of signatures made by Bob.

Gillmor                 Expires 13 November 2021               [Page 16]
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   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIDZzCCAk+gAwIBAgITWeEgizhkG2crS8Kgl56AnNft6zANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0F
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   lcbF+c7MhV/OtKQ=
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

5.2.  Bob's Signing Private Key Material

   This private key material is used by Bob to create signatures.

Gillmor                 Expires 13 November 2021               [Page 17]
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   -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
   MIIE+wIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQDmcAXSCVGh/02M
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   AgQc9K+qy7VHPzYOBqwy4AGI/kFzrhXJm88EOouPbg==
   -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

   This secret key was generated using provable prime generation found
   in [FIPS186-4] using the seed
   "f4afaacbb5473f360e06ac32e00188fe4173ae15c99bcf043a8b8f6e".  This
   seed is the first 224 bits of the [SHA256] digest of the string
   "draft-lamps-sample-certs-keygen.bob.sign.seed".

5.3.  Bob's Encryption End-Entity Certificate

   This certificate is used to encrypt messages to Bob.

Gillmor                 Expires 13 November 2021               [Page 18]
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   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIDZzCCAk+gAwIBAgITO17BWkcdhfwmHN7ueuPziuUW1DANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQ0F
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   kDDPaMYBPo0ftuw=
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

5.4.  Bob's Decryption Private Key Material

   This private key material is used by Bob to decrypt messages.

Gillmor                 Expires 13 November 2021               [Page 19]
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   -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
   MIIE/AIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKkwggSlAgEAAoIBAQCq0cCUE0yIEiTy
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   AgIEHJjImYZSlYkp6InjQZ87/Q7f4KyhXaMGDe34oeg=
   -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

   This secret key was generated using provable prime generation found
   in [FIPS186-4] using the seed
   "98c8998652958929e889e3419f3bfd0edfe0aca15da3060dedf8a1e8".  This
   seed is the first 224 bits of the [SHA256] digest of the string
   "draft-lamps-sample-certs-keygen.bob.encrypt.seed".

5.5.  PKCS12 Object for Bob

   This PKCS12 ([RFC7292]) object contains the same information as
   presented in Section 5.1, Section 5.2, Section 5.3, Section 5.4, and
   Section 3.1.

   It is locked with the simple three-letter password "bob".

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   -----BEGIN PKCS12-----
   MIIXoAIBAzCCFzgGCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCFykEghclMIIXITCCBCcGCSqGSIb3DQEH
   BqCCBBgwggQUAgEAMIIEDQYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMBwGCiqGSIb3DQEMAQMwDgQIe/d6
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   KoZIhvcNAQwKAQKgggUmMIIFIjAcBgoqhkiG9w0BDAEDMA4ECCNi2K1bMEiBAgIU
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   AgIoAA==
   -----END PKCS12-----

6.  Example Ed25519 Certificate Authority

   The example Ed25519 Certificate Authority has the following
   information:

   *  Name: "Sample LAMPS Ed25519 Certificate Authority"

6.1.  Ed25519 Certificate Authority Root Certificate

   This cerificate is used to verify certificates issued by the example
   Ed25519 Certificate Authority.

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   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIBbzCCASGgAwIBAgITGz6zL8fCL93bElmwkKaEVA49zzAFBgMrZXAwNTEzMDEG
   A1UEAxMqU2FtcGxlIExBTVBTIEVkMjU1MTkgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5
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   Hnzi32c/0QVbF3NoHdkpGmjY0P5fpT+SyWfOXwW+93fMvwA=
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

6.2.  Ed25519 Certificate Authority Secret Key

   This secret key material is used by the example Ed25519 Certificate
   Authority to issue new certificates.

   -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
   MC4CAQAwBQYDK2VwBCIEIAt889xRDvxNT8ak53T7tzKuSn6CQDe8fIdjrCiSFRcp
   -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

   This secret key is the [SHA256] digest of the ASCII string "draft-
   lamps-sample-certs-keygen.ca.25519.seed".

6.3.  Ed25519 Certificate Authority Cross-signed Certificate

   If an e-mail client only trusts the RSA Certificate Authority Root
   Certificate found in Section 3.1, they can use this intermediate CA
   certificate to verify any end entity certificate issued by the
   example Ed25519 Certificate Authority.

   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIICWjCCAUKgAwIBAgITDkECFedCINX+zN0f/pVkUiFMXDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsF
   ADAtMSswKQYDVQQDEyJTYW1wbGUgTEFNUFMgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5
   MCAXDTIwMTIxNTIxMzU0NFoYDzIwNTIwOTI3MDY1NDE4WjA1MTMwMQYDVQQDEypT
   YW1wbGUgTEFNUFMgRWQyNTUxOSBDZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZSBBdXRob3JpdHkwKjAFBgMr
   ZXADIQCEgUZ9yI/rkX/82DihqzVIZQZ+RKE3URyp+eN2TxJDBKNjMGEwDwYDVR0T
   AQH/BAUwAwEB/zAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAQYwHQYDVR0OBBYEFGuilX26FJvkLQTR
   B6TRguQua4y1MB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFHhfDlp42GvkVHA9s93s9/Hy+sBHMA0GCSqG
   SIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQCTvPF9jV7E18mX2ps6jgSz8QizMKiSkd4Yayyc30jx6etl
   BMC6VoUYbN+aLgD9SxJOFVnj8+Rk648nHc5Bgd1myng8b/oBYis7SIdveJazdsPD
   4lG4yzsUItDxs12HYSlVlGK0ce75CTus+6DgVxZgcaCdeO0SnVL+QXBQLzvyUgtJ
   jFrPA6f2C1jtIfjGwqmKYK5ZaJxmloqUR45YdUiuWbLsc1dvc3n7hvpIrMk/626M
   U+rfkoKOf/gSRxR3nc1rxpVcvdT2esjnF6Qn7K37wL461jWJmDbISwjVQJbZVyxI
   GDpwg8nWGPe9iagwV3MJMEPVNBzc1fIHQ1Hsz4Q7
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

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7.  Carlos's Sample Certificates

   Carlos has the following information:

   *  Name: "Carlos Turing"

   *  E-mail Address: "carlos@smime.example"

7.1.  Carlos's Signature Verification End-Entity Certificate

   This certificate is used for verification of signatures made by
   Carlos.

   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIBqDCCAVqgAwIBAgITfTA2/ZV2DbKUTmbWgsuSzBMGCTAFBgMrZXAwNTEzMDEG
   A1UEAxMqU2FtcGxlIExBTVBTIEVkMjU1MTkgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5
   MCAXDTIwMTIxNTIxMzU0NFoYDzIwNTIxMjE1MjEzNTQ0WjAYMRYwFAYDVQQDEw1D
   YXJsb3MgVHVyaW5nMCowBQYDK2VwAyEAws6AMizeYchNhE1g75Gc552urn8e5Add
   I/IAppL3yK2jgZcwgZQwDAYDVR0TAQH/BAIwADAfBgNVHREEGDAWgRRjYXJsb3NA
   c21pbWUuZXhhbXBsZTATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggrBgEFBQcDBDAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMC
   BsAwHQYDVR0OBBYEFGSF4zucHVrN5gu6Gn8IvsSczIQ/MB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFGui
   lX26FJvkLQTRB6TRguQua4y1MAUGAytlcANBAAqOV3znya6m6uHwPVPLzcj7UHwV
   GuFHnMt23KCQchRicDJjRWZuTVw4oQqq5G9deVqJee8T2cspxkmFdVGWxQM=
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

7.2.  Carlos's Signing Private Key Material

   This private key material is used by Carlos to create signatures.

   -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
   MC4CAQAwBQYDK2VwBCIEILvvxL741LfX+Ep3Iyye3Cjr4JmONIVYhZPM4M9N1IHY
   -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

   This secret key is the [SHA256] digest of the ASCII string "draft-
   lamps-sample-certs-keygen.carlos.sign.25519.seed".

7.3.  Carlos's Encryption End-Entity Certificate

   This certificate is used to encrypt messages to Carlos.  It contains
   an SMIMECapabilities extension to indicate that Carlos's MUA expects
   ECDH with HKDF using SHA-256; uses AES-128 key wrap, as indicated in
   [RFC8418].

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   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIB0zCCAYWgAwIBAgITazo1UrK0irBqUo9n7eep3mSynjAFBgMrZXAwNTEzMDEG
   A1UEAxMqU2FtcGxlIExBTVBTIEVkMjU1MTkgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5
   MCAXDTIwMTIxNTIxMzU0NFoYDzIwNTIxMjE1MjEzNTQ0WjAYMRYwFAYDVQQDEw1D
   YXJsb3MgVHVyaW5nMCowBQYDK2VuAyEALmgxzNMgyJ11NRhNz9bKYSpfDyFmbVBs
   jPbFfaAUPHSjgcIwgb8wKQYJKoZIhvcNAQkPBBwwGgYLKoZIhvcNAQkQAxMwCwYJ
   YIZIAWUDBAEFMAwGA1UdEwEB/wQCMAAwHwYDVR0RBBgwFoEUY2FybG9zQHNtaW1l
   LmV4YW1wbGUwEwYDVR0lBAwwCgYIKwYBBQUHAwQwDgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgMIMB0G
   A1UdDgQWBBSBKaD6I6BLIIwNeADe7doWyzQluTAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBRropV9uhSb
   5C0E0Qek0YLkLmuMtTAFBgMrZXADQQB2O4eB2hfCrKfP5yIwwRVXSFBUKqE97Twt
   xXgQ8/YSpsjVm81NC1vwOCP+X/W7ERF1NVTY4WGHYsK2r5rz62oN
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

7.4.  Carlos's Decryption Private Key Material

   This private key material is used by Carlos to decrypt messages.

   -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
   MC4CAQAwBQYDK2VuBCIEIIH5782H/otrhLy9Dtvzt79ffsvpcVXgdUczTdUvSQsK
   -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

   This secret key is the [SHA256] digest of the ASCII string "draft-
   lamps-sample-certs-keygen.carlos.encrypt.25519.seed".

7.5.  PKCS12 Object for Carlos

   This PKCS12 ([RFC7292]) object contains the same information as
   presented in Section 7.1, Section 7.2, Section 7.3, Section 7.4, and
   Section 6.1.

   It is locked with the simple five-letter password "carlos".

   -----BEGIN PKCS12-----
   MIII7gIBAzCCCIYGCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCCHcEgghzMIIIbzCCApcGCSqGSIb3DQEH
   BqCCAogwggKEAgEAMIICfQYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMBwGCiqGSIb3DQEMAQMwDgQIwS3R
   pT1mkyMCAhS7gIICUDFhZmrEWCDBUJidtT/9T8JVj1+gBWH+LyGcyCoK6R6HK8hl
   Ee+qT8jI+cIQ2J4FCz+ZZyHZLvp5EznQk02h97rTkXod3yrrSuBnfK54VlPLZSwN
   hfEc8b4CX8VeQwMdLu/b8G6GFzmtK9Dhnb3UF+3PCc9YSBqyBdGLPghhYthxyUit
   WLy5GhtoLhjrkgxriMUQurH6Gyh36o0wZdoVXLXUyUYjNZlHgZzITf6g0h5rX125
   50UjF+HU25YOoDuE5GEMcT732wWCKPajNKqQSP6WBOYifKtZ2OnNYG6/x6xEyLgg
   vrmFJF9lVfqkHHhdiQ1yZ3GYF9oEYRVZsw283kXMP4Gb9avdSu5AGhWEsF2Z5K9v
   WoNOYNQy9Q0RJFDV2mu6CAe/ExToSp6Zq99o0hH+3pDUSuWAmZk6xOa/HUYyDxw+
   dJHCaFTNZu/BpmCOH+jF+1hbkJsA9KxYzgrbMowdQQec232saG25I1IUo9zM5MMw
   SQ9n21ISXbY01rqPOpTY23pbbKe8uSLFZlrWmMMOBidhVvqrJXhy/rL0+C+SvTjx
   OA5L/phGXa2HmXD/xnaZYg7EzNLtlaEwASlwyfo2NTDuNdmIBmWeVrWZbH4ETGVJ
   Qk/dnkUnCX1yimeYek+N3H4826AC2dQy6MvPzoI7XznzT2j3CoNAjANwVbQwtMSh
   DRBM5jk+RMJDeFVn/l9+obwXW/w2ucwxfDi0PWDnIt19Cd27oEzk5QKcAWxm7s44
   FN2fr0cz8VQ10ozXVp3xLKfh1BOiThGIocO1sgcwggJPBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggJA

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   MIICPAIBADCCAjUGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAcBgoqhkiG9w0BDAEDMA4ECOMzXMste/8a
   AgIUlICCAgjGICz00XOzEF6f/F8s7SlV8KM+WLuelXUIjGMSsX9Xd9l9aQemTh8y
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   YYfu4FMxaeFR3/kGITVXgWyMJumBS3WfzdmJ1wV2qFl3uk/ONOpCqnwA+yj8y+Kq
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   MIIB7wYJKoZIhvcNAQcGoIIB4DCCAdwCAQAwggHVBgkqhkiG9w0BBwEwHAYKKoZI
   hvcNAQwBAzAOBAho9g0tQyYTvwICFIGAggGoKzdhPK62x2hQseNPvFp4RUVsAToT
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   zbeoOdBm3K/L4XJhTV3kh2UKURoQ7+E67nNeiLtbdT8CIhy32oS/IG2gmGsIOeuR
   0quFD+Kpq7rzIobE1JEhlzJV2pGBHEOwKL/FAo5HJ2TS6hw1w675DtjaqqBYwjfp
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   vg4OHw9HymnWgTlwkFPkpHRE9jCBxAYJKoZIhvcNAQcBoIG2BIGzMIGwMIGtBgsq
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   Rmu50E9sjz9BDZTUCoftLEstD5AECJDjaZkfy4FnAgIoAA==
   -----END PKCS12-----

8.  Dana's Sample Certificates

   Dana has the following information:

   *  Name: "Dana Hopper"

   *  E-mail Address: "dna@smime.example"

8.1.  Dana's Signature Verification End-Entity Certificate

   This certificate is used for verification of signatures made by Dana.

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   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIBpDCCAVagAwIBAgITJJvJ/RfYIwaHOq+JHuYw2w0HKzAFBgMrZXAwNTEzMDEG
   A1UEAxMqU2FtcGxlIExBTVBTIEVkMjU1MTkgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5
   MCAXDTIwMTIxNTIxMzU0NFoYDzIwNTIxMjE1MjEzNTQ0WjAWMRQwEgYDVQQDEwtE
   YW5hIEhvcHBlcjAqMAUGAytlcAMhALLaHeGGRooNjrs+4K40ueetCId1JZik+WAW
   w6J/zm+uo4GVMIGSMAwGA1UdEwEB/wQCMAAwHQYDVR0RBBYwFIESZGFuYUBzbWlt
   ZS5leGFtcGxlMBMGA1UdJQQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMEMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIGwDAd
   BgNVHQ4EFgQUSAOGwWm4eG2u3vPMBrAzrFcy3ZYwHwYDVR0jBBgwFoAUa6KVfboU
   m+QtBNEHpNGC5C5rjLUwBQYDK2VwA0EAbT5OedGDjT2UNivGqR7NVb4UVd6cRPM/
   yEuJ6P2k69jq6tIutanF1HAskHIOi3dt5IENbgCmdOrCqDYay9rdAA==
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

8.2.  Dana's Signing Private Key Material

   This private key material is used by Dana to create signatures.

   -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
   MC4CAQAwBQYDK2VwBCIEINZ8GPfmQh2AMp+uNIsZMbzvyTOltwvEt13usjnUaW4N
   -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

   This secret key is the [SHA256] digest of the ASCII string "draft-
   lamps-sample-certs-keygen.dana.sign.25519.seed".

8.3.  Dana's Encryption End-Entity Certificate

   This certificate is used to encrypt messages to Dana.  It contains an
   SMIMECapabilities extension to indicate that Dana's MUA expects ECDH
   with HKDF using SHA-256; uses AES-128 key wrap, as indicated in
   [RFC8418].

   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   MIIBzzCCAYGgAwIBAgITblJdPFwwrKiKmpHj0REce7n5NTAFBgMrZXAwNTEzMDEG
   A1UEAxMqU2FtcGxlIExBTVBTIEVkMjU1MTkgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGUgQXV0aG9yaXR5
   MCAXDTIwMTIxNTIxMzU0NFoYDzIwNTIxMjE1MjEzNTQ0WjAWMRQwEgYDVQQDEwtE
   YW5hIEhvcHBlcjAqMAUGAytlbgMhAOAxojYBaRT0sbwK9pEeANIRj13vZjwQ1l4z
   CJs+6CRUo4HAMIG9MCkGCSqGSIb3DQEJDwQcMBoGCyqGSIb3DQEJEAMTMAsGCWCG
   SAFlAwQBBTAMBgNVHRMBAf8EAjAAMB0GA1UdEQQWMBSBEmRhbmFAc21pbWUuZXhh
   bXBsZTATBgNVHSUEDDAKBggrBgEFBQcDBDAOBgNVHQ8BAf8EBAMCAwgwHQYDVR0O
   BBYEFJ3fTdQF75rsYIa8J20E6c5a3I+kMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFGuilX26FJvkLQTR
   B6TRguQua4y1MAUGAytlcANBAIip5JgJkZjKvC3pHKckgOnBxZbIfzNgJ8c65/Bq
   ce91uhvjbdiBeJPAz6a/GB3LRlrV6Q/TEtruGKDC7yYNLgc=
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

8.4.  Dana's Decryption Private Key Material

   This private key material is used by Dana to decrypt messages.

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   -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
   MC4CAQAwBQYDK2VuBCIEIGxZt8L7lY48OEq4gs/smQ4weDhRNMlYHG21StivPfz3
   -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

   This seed is the [SHA256] digest of the ASCII string "draft-lamps-
   sample-certs-keygen.dana.encrypt.25519.seed".

8.5.  PKCS12 Object for Dana

   This PKCS12 ([RFC7292]) object contains the same information as
   presented in Section 8.1, Section 8.2, Section 8.3, Section 8.4, and
   Section 6.1.

   It is locked with the simple four-letter password "dana".

   -----BEGIN PKCS12-----
   MIII3gIBAzCCCHYGCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCCCGcEgghjMIIIXzCCAo8GCSqGSIb3DQEH
   BqCCAoAwggJ8AgEAMIICdQYJKoZIhvcNAQcBMBwGCiqGSIb3DQEMAQMwDgQIZNqH
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   757BFtPORkhaMGwHCBkNo07whqWU3CmUk4HLP8nSw0o5Y+YsGY6sxoCI0IXNjei0
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   AQKgWjBYMBwGCiqGSIb3DQEMAQMwDgQIvYHPW9b5hmQCAhS6BDhg7ISOR7nc0O8I
   VHRyJQdnut5/3/A/HlOBXerMaF9Hhs/at2mI632EAdUrlyZQBHv7CMAmJh0tRDE+
   MBcGCSqGSIb3DQEJFDEKHggAZABhAG4AYTAjBgkqhkiG9w0BCRUxFgQUnd9N1AXv
   muxghrwnbQTpzlrcj6QwgcAGCSqGSIb3DQEHAaCBsgSBrzCBrDCBqQYLKoZIhvcN
   AQwKAQKgWjBYMBwGCiqGSIb3DQEMAQMwDgQIXDvxSTwrri4CAhT6BDiJ3SNFvcnI
   Qzl92lp5BH5gR4yf5jkpq+mVUPke2BBBj2GGmltCobhp/spj4xPrG6zqg0RB4kAT
   nDE+MBcGCSqGSIb3DQEJFDEKHggAZABhAG4AYTAjBgkqhkiG9w0BCRUxFgQUSAOG
   wWm4eG2u3vPMBrAzrFcy3ZYwXzBPMAsGCWCGSAFlAwQCAwRAb7hp2ueeypwrQVGb
   B4g0cM1U9WV+3ku23y/LXhnkFeTqO+MDE5/KBjbU4ykjN2GZyiXPKQF3y+KCdEtH
   VcLNbwQILkOSTOXYyW0CAigA
   -----END PKCS12-----

9.  Security Considerations

   The keys presented in this document should be considered compromised
   and insecure, because the secret key material is published and
   therefore not secret.

   Applications which maintain blacklists of invalid key material SHOULD
   include these keys in their lists.

10.  IANA Considerations

   IANA has nothing to do for this document.

11.  Document Considerations

   [ RFC Editor: please remove this section before publication ]

   This document is currently edited as markdown.  Minor editorial
   changes can be suggested via merge requests at
   https://gitlab.com/dkg/lamps-samples or by e-mail to the author.
   Please direct all significant commentary to the public IETF LAMPS
   mailing list: "spasm@ietf.org"

11.1.  Document History

11.1.1.  Substantive Changes from draft-ietf-*-01 to draft-ietf-*-02

   *  Added cross-signed certificates for both CAs

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   *  Added S/MIME Capabilities extension for Carlos and Dana's
      encryption keys, indicating preferred ECDH parameters.

   *  Ensure no serial numbers are negative.

   *  Encode keyUsage extensions in minimum-length BIT STRINGs.

11.1.2.  Substantive Changes from draft-ietf-*-00 to draft-ietf-*-01

   *  Added Curve25519 sample certificates (new CA, Carlos, and Dana)

11.1.3.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-05 to draft-ietf-*-00

   *  WG adoption (dkg moves from Author to Editor)

11.1.4.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-04 to draft-dkg-*-05

   *  PEM blobs are now "sourcecode", not "artwork"

11.1.5.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-03 to draft-dkg-*-04

   *  Describe deterministic key generation

   *  label PEM blobs with filenames in XML

11.1.6.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-02 to draft-dkg-*-03

   *  Alice and Bob now each have two distinct certificates: one for
      signing, one for encryption, and public keys to match.

11.1.7.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-01 to draft-dkg-*-02

   *  PKCS#12 objects are deliberately locked with simple passphrases

11.1.8.  Substantive Changes from draft-dkg-*-00 to draft-dkg-*-01

   *  changed all three keys to use RSA instead of RSA-PSS

   *  set keyEncipherment keyUsage flag instead of dataEncipherment in
      EE certs

12.  Acknowledgements

   This draft was inspired by similar work in the OpenPGP space by
   Bjarni Runar and juga at [I-D.bre-openpgp-samples].

   Eric Rescorla helped spot issues with certificate formats.

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   Sean Turner pointed to [RFC4134] as prior work.

   Deb Cooley suggested that Alice and Bob should have separate
   certificates for signing and encryption.

   Wolfgang Hommel helped to build reproducible encrypted PKCS#12
   objects.

   Carsten Bormann got the XML "sourcecode" markup working for this
   draft.

   David A.  Cooper identified problems with the certificates and
   suggested corrections.

13.  References

13.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC5280]  Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
              Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
              Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
              (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5280>.

   [RFC5322]  Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5322, October 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5322>.

   [RFC7292]  Moriarty, K., Ed., Nystrom, M., Parkinson, S., Rusch, A.,
              and M. Scott, "PKCS #12: Personal Information Exchange
              Syntax v1.1", RFC 7292, DOI 10.17487/RFC7292, July 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7292>.

   [RFC8032]  Josefsson, S. and I. Liusvaara, "Edwards-Curve Digital
              Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)", RFC 8032,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8032, January 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8032>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

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   [RFC8551]  Schaad, J., Ramsdell, B., and S. Turner, "Secure/
              Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Version 4.0
              Message Specification", RFC 8551, DOI 10.17487/RFC8551,
              April 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8551>.

13.2.  Informative References

   [FIPS186-4]
              "Digital Signature Standard (DSS)", National Institute of
              Standards and Technology report,
              DOI 10.6028/nist.fips.186-4, July 2013,
              <https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.fips.186-4>.

   [I-D.bre-openpgp-samples]
              Einarsson, B. R., juga, and D. K. Gillmor, "OpenPGP
              Example Keys and Certificates", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-bre-openpgp-samples-01, 20 December
              2019, <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-bre-openpgp-
              samples-01.txt>.

   [RFC4134]  Hoffman, P., Ed., "Examples of S/MIME Messages", RFC 4134,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4134, July 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4134>.

   [RFC7469]  Evans, C., Palmer, C., and R. Sleevi, "Public Key Pinning
              Extension for HTTP", RFC 7469, DOI 10.17487/RFC7469, April
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7469>.

   [RFC8410]  Josefsson, S. and J. Schaad, "Algorithm Identifiers for
              Ed25519, Ed448, X25519, and X448 for Use in the Internet
              X.509 Public Key Infrastructure", RFC 8410,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8410, August 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8410>.

   [RFC8418]  Housley, R., "Use of the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Key
              Agreement Algorithm with X25519 and X448 in the
              Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 8418,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8418, August 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8418>.

   [SHA256]   Dang, Q., "Secure Hash Standard", National Institute of
              Standards and Technology report,
              DOI 10.6028/nist.fips.180-4, July 2015,
              <https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.fips.180-4>.

Author's Address

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   Daniel Kahn Gillmor (editor)
   American Civil Liberties Union
   125 Broad St.
   New York, NY,  10004
   United States of America

   Email: dkg@fifthhorseman.net

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