Advanced Unidirectional Route Assessment (AURA)
draft-ietf-ippm-route-00

9.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations that apply to any active measurement of
   live paths are relevant here as well.  See [RFC4656] and [RFC5357].

   The active measurement process of "changing several fields to keep
   the checksum of different packets identical" does not require special
   security considerations because it is part of synthetic traffic
   generation, and is designed to have minimal to zero impact on network
   processing (to process the packets for ECMP).

   @@@@ add reference to security considerations from
   [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data].

   When considering privacy of those involved in measurement or those
   whose traffic is measured, the sensitive information available to
   potential observers is greatly reduced when using active techniques
   which are within this scope of work.  Passive observations of user
   traffic for measurement purposes raise many privacy issues.  We refer
   the reader to the privacy considerations described in the Large Scale
   Measurement of Broadband Performance (LMAP) Framework [RFC7594],
   which covers active and passive techniques.

10.  IANA Considerations

   This memo makes no requests of IANA.

11.  Acknowledgements

   The authors acknowledge Ruediger Geib, for his penetrating comments
   on the initial draft.  Carlos Pignataro challenged the authors to
   consider a wider scope, and applied his substantial expertise with
   many technologies and their measurement features in his extensive
   comments.  Frank Brockners also shared useful comments.  We thank
   them all!

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-data]
              Brockners, F., Bhandari, S., Pignataro, C., Gredler, H.,
              Leddy, J., Youell, S., Mizrahi, T., Mozes, D., Lapukhov,
              P., Chang, R., and d. daniel.bernier@bell.ca, "Data Fields
              for In-situ OAM", draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-data-01 (work in
              progress), October 2017.

Alvarez-Hamelin, et al.   Expires July 9, 2018                 [Page 17]
Internet-Draft           AURA Metrics & Methods             January 2018

   [RFC0792]  Postel, J., "Internet Control Message Protocol", STD 5,
              RFC 792, DOI 10.17487/RFC0792, September 1981,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc792>.

   [RFC1122]  Braden, R., Ed., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
              Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC1122, October 1989,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1122>.

   [RFC1812]  Baker, F., Ed., "Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers",
              RFC 1812, DOI 10.17487/RFC1812, June 1995,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1812>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2330]  Paxson, V., Almes, G., Mahdavi, J., and M. Mathis,
              "Framework for IP Performance Metrics", RFC 2330,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2330, May 1998,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2330>.

   [RFC2460]  Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, DOI 10.17487/RFC2460,
              December 1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2460>.

   [RFC2675]  Borman, D., Deering, S., and R. Hinden, "IPv6 Jumbograms",
              RFC 2675, DOI 10.17487/RFC2675, August 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2675>.

   [RFC2681]  Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., and M. Zekauskas, "A Round-trip
              Delay Metric for IPPM", RFC 2681, DOI 10.17487/RFC2681,
              September 1999, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2681>.

   [RFC2991]  Thaler, D. and C. Hopps, "Multipath Issues in Unicast and
              Multicast Next-Hop Selection", RFC 2991,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2991, November 2000,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2991>.

   [RFC4494]  Song, JH., Poovendran, R., and J. Lee, "The AES-CMAC-96
              Algorithm and Its Use with IPsec", RFC 4494,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4494, June 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4494>.

Alvarez-Hamelin, et al.   Expires July 9, 2018                 [Page 18]
Internet-Draft           AURA Metrics & Methods             January 2018

   [RFC4656]  Shalunov, S., Teitelbaum, B., Karp, A., Boote, J., and M.
              Zekauskas, "A One-way Active Measurement Protocol
              (OWAMP)", RFC 4656, DOI 10.17487/RFC4656, September 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4656>.

   [RFC5357]  Hedayat, K., Krzanowski, R., Morton, A., Yum, K., and J.
              Babiarz, "A Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP)",
              RFC 5357, DOI 10.17487/RFC5357, October 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5357>.

   [RFC5644]  Stephan, E., Liang, L., and A. Morton, "IP Performance
              Metrics (IPPM): Spatial and Multicast", RFC 5644,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5644, October 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5644>.

   [RFC5835]  Morton, A., Ed. and S. Van den Berghe, Ed., "Framework for
              Metric Composition", RFC 5835, DOI 10.17487/RFC5835, April
              2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5835>.

   [RFC6282]  Hui, J., Ed. and P. Thubert, "Compression Format for IPv6
              Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks", RFC 6282,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6282, September 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6282>.

   [RFC6437]  Amante, S., Carpenter, B., Jiang, S., and J. Rajahalme,
              "IPv6 Flow Label Specification", RFC 6437,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6437, November 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6437>.

   [RFC6564]  Krishnan, S., Woodyatt, J., Kline, E., Hoagland, J., and
              M. Bhatia, "A Uniform Format for IPv6 Extension Headers",
              RFC 6564, DOI 10.17487/RFC6564, April 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6564>.

   [RFC6673]  Morton, A., "Round-Trip Packet Loss Metrics", RFC 6673,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6673, August 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6673>.

   [RFC7045]  Carpenter, B. and S. Jiang, "Transmission and Processing
              of IPv6 Extension Headers", RFC 7045,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7045, December 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7045>.

   [RFC7312]  Fabini, J. and A. Morton, "Advanced Stream and Sampling
              Framework for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM)", RFC 7312,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7312, August 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7312>.

Alvarez-Hamelin, et al.   Expires July 9, 2018                 [Page 19]
Internet-Draft           AURA Metrics & Methods             January 2018

   [RFC7799]  Morton, A., "Active and Passive Metrics and Methods (with
              Hybrid Types In-Between)", RFC 7799, DOI 10.17487/RFC7799,
              May 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7799>.

   [RFC7820]  Mizrahi, T., "UDP Checksum Complement in the One-Way
              Active Measurement Protocol (OWAMP) and Two-Way Active
              Measurement Protocol (TWAMP)", RFC 7820,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7820, March 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7820>.

   [RFC8029]  Kompella, K., Swallow, G., Pignataro, C., Ed., Kumar, N.,
              Aldrin, S., and M. Chen, "Detecting Multiprotocol Label
              Switched (MPLS) Data-Plane Failures", RFC 8029,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8029, March 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8029>.

12.2.  Informative References

   [bdrmap]   Luckie, M., Dhamdhere, A., Huffaker, B., Clark, D., and
              KC. Claffy, "bdrmap: Inference of Borders Between IP
              Networks",  In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM on Internet
              Measurement Conference, pp. 381-396. ACM, 2016.

   [I-D.brockners-inband-oam-data]
              Brockners, F., Bhandari, S., Pignataro, C., Gredler, H.,
              Leddy, J., Youell, S., Mizrahi, T., Mozes, D., Lapukhov,
              P., Chang, R., and d. daniel.bernier@bell.ca, "Data Fields
              for In-situ OAM", draft-brockners-inband-oam-data-07 (work
              in progress), July 2017.

   [IDCong]   Luckie, M., Dhamdhere, A., Clark, D., and B. Huffaker,
              "Challenges in inferring Internet interdomain congestion",
               In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Internet
              Measurement Conference, pp. 15-22. ACM, 2014.

   [MLB]      Augustin, B., Friedman, T., and R. Teixeira, "Measuring
              load-balanced paths in the Internet",   Proceedings of the
              7th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement, pp.
              149-160. ACM, 2007., 2007.

   [MLRM]     Fontugne, R., Mazel, J., and K. Fukuda, "An empirical
              mixture model for large-scale RTT measurements",  2015
              IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), pp.
              2470-2478. IEEE, 2015., 2015.

Alvarez-Hamelin, et al.   Expires July 9, 2018                 [Page 20]
Internet-Draft           AURA Metrics & Methods             January 2018

   [P2]       Jain, R. and I. Chlamtac, "The P 2 algorithm for dynamic
              calculation of quantiles and histograms without storing
              observations",  Communications of the ACM 28.10 (1985):
              1076-1085, 2015.

   [PT]       Augustin, B., Cuvellier, X., Orgogozo, B., Viger, F.,
              Friedman, T., Latapy, M., Magnien, C., and R. Teixeira,
              "Avoiding traceroute anomalies with Paris traceroute",
              Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet
              measurement, pp. 153-158. ACM, 2006., 2006.

   [RFC7594]  Eardley, P., Morton, A., Bagnulo, M., Burbridge, T.,
              Aitken, P., and A. Akhter, "A Framework for Large-Scale
              Measurement of Broadband Performance (LMAP)", RFC 7594,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7594, September 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7594>.

   [RTTSub]   Bischof, Z., Rula, J., and F. Bustamante, "In and out of
              Cuba: Characterizing Cuba's connectivity",  In Proceedings
              of the 2015 ACM Conference on Internet Measurement
              Conference, pp. 487-493. ACM, 2015.

   [SCAMPER]  Matthew Luckie, M., "Scamper: a scalable and extensible
              packet prober for active measurement of the Internet",
               Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on
              Internet measurement, pp. 239-245. ACM, 2010., 2010.

   [SSNT]     Park, K. and W. Willinger, "Self-Similar Network Traffic
              and Performance Evaluation (1st ed.)",  John Wiley & Sons,
              Inc., New York, NY, USA, 2000.

Authors' Addresses

   Jose Ignacio Alvarez-Hamelin
   Universidad de Buenos Aires
   Av. Paseo Colon 850
   Buenos Aires  C1063ACV
   Argentine

   Phone: +54 11 5285-0716
   Email: ihameli@cnet.fi.uba.ar
   URI:   http://cnet.fi.uba.ar/ignacio.alvarez-hamelin/

Alvarez-Hamelin, et al.   Expires July 9, 2018                 [Page 21]
Internet-Draft           AURA Metrics & Methods             January 2018

   Al Morton
   AT&T Labs
   200 Laurel Avenue South
   Middletown, NJ  07748
   USA

   Phone: +1 732 420 1571
   Fax:   +1 732 368 1192
   Email: acmorton@att.com
   URI:   http://home.comcast.net/~acmacm/

   Joachim Fabini
   TU Wien
   Gusshausstrasse 25/E389
   Vienna  1040
   Austria

   Phone: +43 1 58801 38813
   Fax:   +43 1 58801 38898
   Email: Joachim.Fabini@tuwien.ac.at
   URI:   http://www.tc.tuwien.ac.at/about-us/staff/joachim-fabini/

   Carlos Pignataro
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   7200-11 Kit Creek Road
   Research Triangle Park, NC  27709
   USA

   Email: cpignata@cisco.com

Alvarez-Hamelin, et al.   Expires July 9, 2018                 [Page 22]