Network Working Group M. Cotton Internet-Draft L. Vegoda Obsoletes: 5735 (if approved) ICANN Updates: 6441 (if approved) May 22, 2012 Intended status: BCP Expires: November 23, 2012 Special Use IPv4 Addresses draft-vegoda-cotton-rfc5735bis-02 Abstract This document obsoletes RFC 5735 and updates RFC 6441. It describes the global and other specialized IPv4 address blocks that have been assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). It does not address IPv4 address space assigned to operators and users through the Regional Internet Registries, nor does it address IPv4 address space assigned directly by IANA prior to the creation of the Regional Internet Registries. It also does not address allocations or assignments of IPv6 addresses or autonomous system numbers. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on November 23, 2012. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents Cotton & Vegoda Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses May 2012 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Global and Other Specialized Address Blocks . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Summary Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Assignments of IPv4 Blocks for New Specialized Uses . . . . . . 6 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Appendix A. Changes from RFC 5735 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Cotton & Vegoda Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses May 2012 1. Introduction Throughout its history, the Internet has employed a central Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) responsible for the allocation and assignment of various identifiers needed for the operation of the Internet [RFC1174]. In the case of the IPv4 address space, the IANA allocates parts of the address space to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) according to their established needs. These RIRs are responsible for the registration of IPv4 addresses to operators and users of the Internet within their regions. On an ongoing basis, the IANA has been designated by the IETF to make assignments in support of the Internet Standards Process [RFC2860]. Section 4 of this document describes that assignment process. Small portions of the IPv4 address space have been allocated or assigned directly by the IANA for global or other specialized purposes. These allocations and assignments have been documented in a variety of RFCs and other documents. This document is intended to collect these scattered references and provide a current list of special use IPv4 addresses. This document is a revision of RFC 5735 [RFC5735], which it obsoletes; its primary purpose is to reflect the changes to the list of special IPv4 assignments since the publication of RFC 5735. It is a companion to [RFC5156] which describes special IPv6 addresses. 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, [RFC2119]. 3. Global and Other Specialized Address Blocks 0.0.0.0/8 - Addresses in this block refer to source hosts on "this" network. Address 0.0.0.0/32 may be used as a source address for this host on this network; other addresses within 0.0.0.0/8 may be used to refer to specified hosts on this network [RFC1122], section 3.2.1.3. 10.0.0.0/8 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. As described in that RFC, addresses within this block do not legitimately appear on the public Internet. These addresses can be used without any coordination with IANA or an Internet registry. Cotton & Vegoda Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses May 2012 127.0.0.0/8 - This block is assigned for use as the Internet host loopback address. A datagram sent by a higher level protocol to an address anywhere within this block loops back inside the host. This is ordinarily implemented using only 127.0.0.1/32 for loopback. As described in [RFC1122], Section 3.2.1.3, addresses within the entire 127.0.0.0/8 block do not legitimately appear on any network anywhere. 100.64.0.0/10 - This block is used as Shared Address Space. [RFC6598] states that Shared Address Space can only be used in Service Provider networks or on routing equipment that is able to do address translation across router the interfaces when addresses are identical on two different interfaces. 169.254.0.0/16 - This is the "link local" block. As described in [RFC3927], it is allocated for communication between hosts on a single link. Hosts obtain these addresses by auto-configuration, such as when a DHCP server cannot be found. 172.16.0.0/12 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. As described in that RFC, addresses within this block do not legitimately appear the public Internet. These addresses can be used without any coordination with IANA or an Internet registry. 192.0.0.0/24 - This block is reserved for IETF protocol assignments. At the time of writing this document, there are no current assignments. Allocation policy for future assignments is given in [RFC5736]. 192.0.2.0/24 - This block is assigned as "TEST-NET-1" for use in documentation and example code. It is often used in conjunction with domain names example.com or example.net in vendor and protocol documentation. As described in [RFC5737], addresses within this block do not legitimately appear on the public Internet and can be used without any coordination with IANA or an Internet registry. See [RFC1166]. 192.88.99.0/24 - This block is allocated for use as 6to4 relay anycast addresses, in to [RFC3068]. In contrast with previously described blocks, packets destined to addresses from this block do appear in the public Internet. [RFC3068], Section 7 describes operational practices to prevent the malicious use of this block in routing protocols. 192.168.0.0/16 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. As described in that RFC, addresses within this block do not legitimately appear the public Internet. These addresses can be used without any Cotton & Vegoda Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses May 2012 coordination with IANA or an Internet registry. 198.18.0.0/15 - This block has been allocated for use in benchmark tests of network interconnect devices. [RFC2544] explains that this range was assigned to minimize the chance of conflict in case a testing device were to be accidentally connected to part of the Internet. Packets with source addresses from this range are not meant to be forwarded across the Internet. 198.51.100.0/24 - This block is assigned as "TEST-NET-2" for use in documentation and example code. It is often used in conjunction with domain names example.com or example.net in vendor and protocol documentation. As described in [RFC5737], addresses within this block do not legitimately appear on the public Internet and can be used without any coordination with IANA or an Internet registry. 203.0.113.0/24 - This block is assigned as "TEST-NET-3" for use in documentation and example code. It is often used in conjunction with domain names example.com or example.net in vendor and protocol documentation. As described in [RFC5737], addresses within this block do not legitimately appear on the public Internet and can be used without any coordination with IANA or an Internet registry. 224.0.0.0/4 - This block, formerly known as the Class D address space, is allocated for use in IPv4 multicast address assignments. The IANA guidelines for assignments from this space are described in [RFC5771]. 240.0.0.0/4 - This block, formerly known as the Class E address space, is reserved for future use, see [RFC1112], section 4. The one exception to this is the "limited broadcast" destination address 255.255.255.255. As described in [RFC0919] and [RFC0922], packets with this destination address are not forwarded at IP layer. Cotton & Vegoda Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses May 2012 4. Summary Table Address Block Present Use Reference ------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.0.0.0/8 "This" Network RFC 1122, section 3.2.1.3 10.0.0.0/8 Private-Use Networks RFC 1918 100.64.0.0/10 Shared Address Space RFC 6598 127.0.0.0/8 Loopback RFC 1122, section 3.2.1.3 169.254.0.0/16 Link Local RFC 3927 172.16.0.0/12 Private-Use Networks RFC 1918 192.0.0.0/24 IETF Protocol Assignments 192.0.2.0/24 TEST-NET-1 RFC 5737 192.88.99.0/24 6to4 Relay Anycast RFC 3068 192.168.0.0/16 Private-Use Networks RFC 1918 198.18.0.0/15 Network Interconnect Device Benchmark Testing RFC 2544 198.51.100.0/24 TEST-NET-2 RFC 5737 203.0.113.0/24 TEST-NET-3 RFC 5737 224.0.0.0/4 Multicast RFC 5771 240.0.0.0/4 Reserved for Future Use RFC 1112, section 4 255.255.255.255/32 Limited Broadcast RFC 919, section 7 5. Assignments of IPv4 Blocks for New Specialized Uses The IANA has responsibility for making assignments of protocol parameters used in the Internet according to the requirements of the "Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority" [RFC2860]. Among other things, [RFC2860] requires that protocol parameters be assigned according to the criteria and procedures specified in RFCs, including Proposed, Draft, and full Internet Standards and Best Current Practice documents, and any other RFC that calls for IANA assignment. The domain name and IP address spaces involve policy issues (in addition to technical issues) so that the requirements of [RFC2860] do not apply generally to those spaces. Nonetheless, the IANA is responsible for ensuring assignments of IPv4 addresses as needed in support of the Internet Standards Process. When a portion of the IPv4 address space is specifically required by an RFC, the technical requirements (e.g., size, prefix length) for the portion should be described [RFC5226]. Immediately before the RFC is published, the IANA will, in consultation with the Regional Internet Registries, make the necessary assignment and notify the RFC Editor of the particulars for inclusion in the RFC as published. Cotton & Vegoda Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses May 2012 As required by [RFC2860], the IANA will also make necessary experimental assignments of IPv4 addresses, also in consultation with the Regional Internet Registries. 6. IANA Considerations This document describes the IANA's past and current practices and does not create any new requirements for assignments or allocations by the IANA. 7. Security Considerations The particular assigned values of special use IPv4 addresses cataloged in this document do not directly raise security issues. However, the Internet does not inherently protect against abuse of these addresses; if you expect (for instance) that all packets from a private address space such as the 10.0.0.0/8 block or the link local block 169.254.0.0/16 originate within your subnet, all routers at the border of your network should filter such packets that originate from outside your network. Attacks have been mounted that depend on the unexpected use of some of these addresses. It should also be noted that some of these address blocks may be used legitimately outside of a single administrative domain, and may appear on the global Internet. Security policy SHOULD NOT blindly filter all of these address spaces without due consideration, and network operators are encouraged to review this document, and references contained therein, and determine what security policies should be associated with each of these address blocks within their specific operating environments. 8. Acknowledgments Your name here? 9. References 9.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. Cotton & Vegoda Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses May 2012 9.2. Informative References [RFC0919] Mogul, J., "Broadcasting Internet Datagrams", STD 5, RFC 919, October 1984. [RFC0922] Mogul, J., "Broadcasting Internet datagrams in the presence of subnets", STD 5, RFC 922, October 1984. [RFC1112] Deering, S., "Host extensions for IP multicasting", STD 5, RFC 1112, August 1989. [RFC1122] Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts - Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122, October 1989. [RFC1166] Kirkpatrick, S., Stahl, M., and M. Recker, "Internet numbers", RFC 1166, July 1990. [RFC1174] Cerf, V., "IAB recommended policy on distributing internet identifier assignment and IAB recommended policy change to internet "connected" status", RFC 1174, August 1990. [RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets", BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996. [RFC2544] Bradner, S. and J. McQuaid, "Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices", RFC 2544, March 1999. [RFC2860] Carpenter, B., Baker, F., and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860, June 2000. [RFC3068] Huitema, C., "An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers", RFC 3068, June 2001. [RFC3927] Cheshire, S., Aboba, B., and E. Guttman, "Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses", RFC 3927, May 2005. [RFC5156] Blanchet, M., "Special-Use IPv6 Addresses", RFC 5156, April 2008. [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008. [RFC5735] Cotton, M. and L. Vegoda, "Special Use IPv4 Addresses", BCP 153, RFC 5735, January 2010. Cotton & Vegoda Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses May 2012 [RFC5736] Huston, G., Cotton, M., and L. Vegoda, "IANA IPv4 Special Purpose Address Registry", RFC 5736, January 2010. [RFC5737] Arkko, J., Cotton, M., and L. Vegoda, "IPv4 Address Blocks Reserved for Documentation", RFC 5737, January 2010. [RFC5771] Cotton, M., Vegoda, L., and D. Meyer, "IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments", BCP 51, RFC 5771, March 2010. [RFC6441] Vegoda, L., "Time to Remove Filters for Previously Unallocated IPv4 /8s", BCP 171, RFC 6441, November 2011. [RFC6598] Weil, J., Kuarsingh, V., Donley, C., Liljenstolpe, C., and M. Azinger, "IANA-Reserved IPv4 Prefix for Shared Address Space", BCP 153, RFC 6598, April 2012. Appendix A. Changes from RFC 5735 This document includes 100.64.0.0/10, which was assigned in [RFC6598]. It is the only substantive change between this document and [RFC5735]. Authors' Addresses Michelle Cotton Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 330 Marina del Rey 90292 United States of America Phone: +310-823-9358 Email: michelle.cotton@icann.org URI: http://www.icann.org/ Leo Vegoda Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 330 Marina del Rey 90292 United States of America Phone: +310-823-9358 Email: leo.vegoda@icann.org URI: http://www.icann.org/ Cotton & Vegoda Expires November 23, 2012 [Page 9]
