Network working group                                             H. Liu
Internet Draft                                                   M. Chen
Intended status: Proposed Standard                              L. Zheng
                                                     Huawei Technologies
Expires: January 12, 2011                                  July 12, 2010



                IP Multicast Inline Real Stream Monitoring


            draft-liu-mboned-multicast-realstream-monitor-02.txt


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Abstract

   This document defines an efficient IP multicast performance
   monitoring method through packet loss and packet delay measurement.
   It has the characteristics of monitoring real IP multicast stream
   with the measurement packets following the actual multicast
   forwarding path and it enables the fault detection and isolation in
   IP multicast network.

Table of Contents


   1. Introduction.................................................3
   2. Conventions used in this document............................3
      2.1. Terminologies...........................................3
   3. Characteristics of IRSM......................................4
   4. IRSM Message.................................................5
      4.1. Encapsulation...........................................5
      4.2. Loss Measurement Message................................6
      4.3. Delay Measurement Message...............................7
   5. Principle of IRSM............................................8
      5.1. Measurement Architecture................................8
      5.2. Packet Loss Measurement.................................9
      5.3. Packet Delay Measurement...............................10
   6. Application in multicast network monitoring.................11
      6.1. Fault Detection and Localization Based on LM...........11


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      6.2. Fault Detection and Localization Based on DM...........12
   7. Deployment Considerations...................................12
      7.1. Acquisition of monitored stream........................12
      7.2. Alarm and Reporting Processing.........................12
      7.3. Configuration of Monitoring Nodes......................12
      7.4. Topology Discovery.....................................12
      7.5. Interoperation among Different Vendors.................12
   8. Security Considerations.....................................12
   9. IANA Considerations.........................................12
   10. References.................................................12
      10.1. Normative References..................................12
      10.2. Informative References................................12
   11. Acknowledgments............................................12



1. Introduction

   With the deployment of IP video multicast service, there is an
   increasing demand for the performance monitoring for providers'
   multicast network.  The benefits of performance monitoring are to
   guarantee the service level agreement (SLA) provided to the customers,
   to discover the network performance defects proactively, to react in
   response to the failure quickly, and further to optimize the network
   resources utilizations.

   This document describes an IP multicast network performance
   monitoring solution referred to as Inline Real Stream Monitoring
   (IRSM) based on the requirements given in [3].  IRSM is proposed to
   meet the service provider's manageability requirements on
   increasingly deployed multicast network.  It enables efficient
   measurement of performance metrics of a multicast channel and
   provides diagnostic information in case of performance degradation or
   failure.

2. Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119.

2.1. Terminologies

   IRSM: Inline Real Stream Monitoring

   (S,G): a source address and group address pair to identify a
   multicast forwarding channel or multicast forwarding state.


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   (*,G): a notation for multicast forwarding state to receive from all
   the sources sending to this group.

   MEG: Maintenance Entity Group

   MEP: MEG Maintenance Point

   MEP_I: MEP Ingress

   MEP_E: MEP Egress

   MIP: MEG Intermediate Point

   On-demand: OAM operation manner initiated manually and for a limited
   amount of time, usually for fault diagnostics.

   Proactively: preconfigured OAM operation manner either running
   periodically and continuously, or acting on certain events such as
   alarm signals.

3. Characteristics of IRSM

   IRSM currently utilizes packet Loss Measurement (LM) and packet Delay
   Measurement (DM) to accomplish performance monitoring.  It has
   following features desirable as a carrier-grade monitoring scheme, as
   required in [3]:

   o Independency - It is operated independently from multicast
   forwarding plane and control plane and it does not have bad
   influences on the running of the two planes.

   o Real stream - The data to be monitored is from real multicast
   stream, usually specified by (*,G) or (S,G) pairs.

   o Inline - It enables the on-the-spot measurement or monitoring when
   carrier network is loaded with customer multicast traffic.

   o Inband - The OAM measurement packet is routed following strictly
   the same multicast forwarding path as the monitored multicast stream,
   which help gathering the true network forwarding metrics.

   o End-to-End and per segment measurement - It is capable of
   monitoring the whole end-to-end forwarding path from one multicast
   root to one or more leaf nodes, which provides the path performance
   for a particular multicast stream as a whole.  It also supports
   measurement for a segment (i.e. a forwarding branch, a forwarding
   node or the combination of them) of a multicast forwarding path.  The


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   features enable the monitoring of a whole multicast tree, of one or
   more forwarding paths, and of parts of the tree or path(s).

   o Proactive and on-demand modes - It is capable of carrying out a
   measurement session proactively or on demand according to the
   configured management policy.

4. IRSM Message

   Two IRSM message types are defined: Loss Measurement (LM) message and
   Delay Measurement (DM) message.  An example format of both LM and DM
   messages are given in section 5.2 and 5.3 respectively.

4.1. Encapsulation

   IRSM measurement messages are encapsulated in IP packets. Same SA, DA
   and DSCP value as the multicast stream monitored are used for IRSM
   packets. By this means, it is ensured that IRSM packets for a
   specific (S,G) or (*,G) follow the exact same data path as user
   traffic, i.e. fate sharing. IRSM packets can be distinguished from
   the data traffic using a dedicated IP protocol type in IP header. In
   another way, an UDP port number could be assigned to make this
   identification. Using UDP port requires an intermediate MIP node to
   look deeper into an OAM packet, which introduces additional
   processing burden on MIP nodes.

   The data part of an IRSM message adopts the popular Type-Length-Value
   structure, as shown in figure 1.

   0                   1                   2                   3

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |     Length    |          Value                |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   ~                          Value  Continued                     ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

         Figure 1. The Type-Length-Value Structure of IRSM Messages

   Type - the type of the OAM message.

       0, LM - Loss Measurement message

       1, DM - Delay Measurement message

       2-255, reserved for future use


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   Length - the length of the OAM message, not including the common IP
   header, the Type field and the Length field.

   Value - the content of a specific OAM messages except for the Type
   and the Length fields.

4.2. Loss Measurement Message

   An example format of LM message is shown in figure 2.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |   Type = LM   |    Length     |    Version    |   Reserved    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Session ID                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Transmission Period                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Sequence Number                       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                     Transmitted Packet Count                  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Received Packet Count                    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   ~                            Optional                           ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                  Figure 2.  The Format of an LM Message

   Version - The version of the message.  Its current value is 0.

   Session ID - The identification of this measurement session.

   Transmission Period - The period of LM message within this
   measurement session.

   Sequence Number - A unique identification of an IRSM message.  It is
   increased by 1 when a new LM message is generated within a
   measurement session.

   Transmitted Packet Count - the accumulated number of data packets
   transmitted since the last LM message was generated.  This field is
   filled by MEP-I when generating a LM message.





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   Received Packet Count - the accumulated number of received data
   packets received by this MEP_E or MIP entity since the previous LM
   packet was received.  It is an optional field.

   Optional - This is an optional field, which is reserved for future
   use to carry other information (e.g., Authentication info) if needed.

4.3. Delay Measurement Message

   The DM message can be defined as shown in figure 3.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  DM Type = 1  |    Length     |    Version    |   Reserved    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           Session ID                          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      Transmission Period                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Sequence Number                       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    Transmission Timestamp                     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                     Receiving Timestamp                       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   ~                            Optional                           ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                    Figure 3. The Format of DM message

   The Version, Session ID, Transmission Period, and Sequence Number
   fields have the same meaning as those defined in LM message.

   Transmission Timestamp - The local timestamp when generating this DM
   message.

   Receiving Timestamp - The local timestamp when receiving this DM
   message.  This field is optional and reserved for future use.

   Optional - This is an optional field, which is reserved for future
   use to carry other information (e.g., Authentication info) if needed.








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5. Principle of IRSM

5.1. Measurement Architecture

   Three functional entities are defined in IRSM measurement
   architecture: MEP-I, MIP and MEP-E[2].  They are logical entities
   that can be configured on the incoming or outgoing interfaces of the
   monitoring equipments.  The relationship of these entities is
   illustrated in figure 4.


   +------+     +------+     +------+     +-------+    +------+
   | root <> - <>router<> - <>router<> - <>router<> - <> leaf |
   +------+     +------+     +------+     +-------+    +------+
           .    .       .    .       .    .       .    .
           .    .       .    .       .    .       .    .
           .    .       .    .       .    .       .    .
        MEP-I  MIP1    MIP2 MIP3   MIP4  MIP5   MIP6  MEP-E

      <>     Interface
      ------  Link

          Figure 4.  The relationship of MEP and MIP entities

   The basic function of MEP-I is to initiate a measurement session.  It
   generates OAM measurement packets for certain (S,G) or (*,G) and
   injects it into the data traffic.  The measurement session could be
   initiated either proactively or on-demand. During a packet loss
   measurement, MEP-I takes count of the transmitted packets from a
   specific multicast stream and sends out the Loss Measurement (LM)
   message along the multicast path carrying this packet count.  For
   delay measurement, MEP-I generates the Delay Measurement (DM) message
   recording the locally generated timestamp.

   MEP-E is the end point of the measurement path.  It terminates the
   OAM measurement packets and measures the packet loss or delay from
   MEP-I to MEP-E.  MEP-E calculates the packet loss from MEP-I
   according to local packet count of the stream and the packet count in
   the received LM packet sent by MEP-I, and calculates the delay from
   MEP-I by comparing the timestamp carried in the DM message and local
   time for receiving this message.

   MIP entity locates between MEP-I and MEP-E and forward OAM packets
   from upstream MEP-I to downstream MEP-E(s).  It is optionally
   configured on the intermediate node of a multicast forwarding path.
   If MIP function is enabled on an intermediate node, it can perform
   the measurement for a certain network segment.  MIP entity snoops the


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   OAM measurement packets and calculates the packet loss and delay from
   MEP-I to itself in the same way as an MEP-E does.

   If MEP-I function is configured on the root node and MEP-E configured
   on the leaf node, then the monitored path is a complete multicast
   forward path, as depicted in figure 1.  If MEP-I or MIP-E is
   configured on an intermediate node, then part of the multicast path
   could be monitored.

5.2. Packet Loss Measurement

   Packet loss measurement could be performed proactively or on demand
   according to the configuration of a measurement session.  In
   proactive mode, LM packet will be transmitted by MEP-I continuously
   with a specific time interval.  For on-demand mode, LM will be sent
   periodically, or based on a pre-arranged schedule.  If the schedule
   is for a single measurement, then two LM messages are required to be
   generated, the reason is given as below.

   When a measurement session starts, MEP-I counts the transmitted
   packets from a multicast data stream for a specified time interval.
   If the timer expires, MEP-I generates an LM packet carrying this
   transmitted packet count (say Tx_Count) of the multicast data packets
   having been sent.  The LM packet is injected into the data stream,
   and forwarded in the same way as a real multicast data packet.

   MEP_E counts the number of the received packet from a multicast
   stream for a specified time (denoted as Rx_Count).  The packet loss
   is the difference between the two counters (i.e. Tx_Count - Rx_Count)
   for this time interval.  This calculation is incorrect when the
   packet counter(s) of MEP_I and/or MEP_E wrap after reaching their
   maximum values.  Two successive measurements are used to eliminate
   this effect, with the calculation taken as:

   Packet Loss = (Tx_Count2 - Tx_Count1)-(Rx_Count2 - Rx_Count1)

   Where Tx_Count1 and Tx_Count2 are respectively packet count values
   carried in two successive packets, and Rx_Count1 and Rx_Count2 are
   packet counts locally accumulated by MEP_E during the same time
   interval.

   If MIP function is enabled on an intermediate node, it will snoop the
   measurement packets and count the received data packets locally.  On
   receiving an LM packet, it records the current local packet count
   (say Rx_Count1') and the transmitted packet count Tx_Count1' in the
   received LM packet.  And after receiving a subsequent LM packet, it
   takes the same action as above to acquire the local packet count (say


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   Rx_Count2') and the transmitted packet count carried in this LM
   packet (say Tx_Count2').  The packet loss is calculated as:

   Packet Loss = (Tx_Count2' - Tx_Count1')-(Rx_Count2' -Rx_Count1')

    The calculation could be performed in a process component within
   (e.g., a dedicated process component) or outside (e.g., NMS) the MIP
   node.

   Each MIP and MEP-E node on the path could obtain the packet loss
   statistics of the path from MEP-I to itself by this means and both
   per-segment and end-to-end performance monitoring are available
   within a measurement session.  The integration of the overall
   measurement results could help to detect and locate the failure
   point(s) and the performance bottle point(s) along the forwarding
   path, which is shown in section 6.1.

5.3. Packet Delay Measurement

   Time synchronization among the measuring entities is required for
   packet delay measurement.  The measurement process of DM is almost
   the same as packet loss measurement.  It can be operated proactively
   or on-demand.  The only difference is that the process is based on a
   timestamp value other than a packet counter.

   When a measurement session starts, MEP-I generates DM packets
   carrying the local timestamps (say Tx_Time) and sends them onto the
   multicast path. The DM packets are forwarded in the same way as the
   normal multicast data.

   When MEP_E receives a DM packet, it records the local timestamp that
   identifies the arrival time of the DM packet (Rx_Time).  The delay
   measurement result could be calculated by:

   Packet Delay = Rx_Time - Tx_Time

   Similarly, if MIP function is enabled in an intermediate node, it
   will snoop the DM packet to get the timestamps of the time when a DM
   packets are sent at MEP-I.  On receipt of a DM packet, the MIP node
   records the local timestamp (say Rx_Time1) and the timestamp (say
   Tx_Time1) carried in the DM packet. The packet delay between MEP-I
   and MIP could be calculated as (Rx_Time1- Tx_Time1).  Similar to LM
   measurement, the calculation could be performed in a process
   component within (e.g., a dedicated process component) or outside
   (e.g., NMS) the MIP node.




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   Each MIP and MEP-E entity could acquire the packet delay information
   from MEP-I to itself.  By this means it is able to perform per-
   segment and end-end delay measurement within a single measurement
   session, which helps detection and isolation of performance defect
   points, as shown in section 6.2

6. Application in multicast network monitoring

   This section describes how packet loss measurement and packet delay
   measurement are used in IRSM to accomplish multicast network
   performance monitoring.  To simplify the illustration, a small
   multicast tree is depicted in figure 5.  In this example, the
   downstream interface of the root node acts as MEP-I, upstream and
   downstream interfaces of intermediate nodes are configured as MIPs,
   and upstream interfaces of leaf nodes are assigned as MEP-Es.

                                                          I +--------+
                                                       +---<> Leaf 2 |
                                      +----------+ G   |    +--------+
                   +----------+ C   E |          <>----+
   +---#--+ A    B |          <>-----<> router 2 |
   | root <>------<> router 1 |       |          <>----+
   +------+        |          <>---+  +----------+ H   |  J +--------+
           .       +----------+ D  |                   +---<> Leaf 3 |
           .       .           .   | F +--------+           +--------+
           .       .           .   +--<> Leaf 1 |           .
           .       .           .       +--------+           .
           .       .           .       .          .         .
         MEP-I    MIP1        MIP2    MIP5       MIP6     MEP-E2
                              MIP3    MEP-E1     MIP7     MEP-E3

      <>      Interface
      ------  Link


     Figure 5. An example of multicast forwarding tree to be monitored

6.1. Fault Detection and Localization Based on LM

   The sending and processing of LM packets by MEP and MIP enable the
   fault detection and location for performance monitoring, both for
   network link and network node.  Suppose in figure 5, the link C-E
   between router1 and router2 has performance bottleneck which causes
   packet losses.  Based on the principle given in section 4.2, all the
   monitoring entities on the downstream of the link will perceive this
   loss by packet loss calculation, while the upstream will not.
   Because the downstream entities (i.e. MIP5, MIP6, MIP7, MEP-E2, MEP-


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   E3) will detect the packet losses, whereas the upstream entities (i.e.
   MIP1 and MIP2) will not, it can be inferred that the link between C
   and E is suffering from performance problem.

   The degradation of an intermediate node can also be detected and
   isolated in this way.  For example if router2 has forwarding defect
   which introduces packet loss, by snooping LM messages and counting
   locally received packets, MIP6, MIP7, MEP-E2, and MEP-E3 will detect
   the packet loss while the upstream MIP1, MIP2 and MIP5 will not.  The
   fault point of router2 will be easily located.

   It is even possible to detect multiple point failures along the
   multicast forwarding path, if such errors occur.  In figure 5, if
   link C-E and H-J both undergo packet losses, all the entities down
   from the C-E will detect the defects.  But as MIP7 and MEP-E3 have
   different packet loss values from MIP5, in which case packet loss
   detected in MIP7 and MEP-E3 are equal but are greater than those
   measured in MIP5, then additional fault point of link H-J could be
   easily picked out.

6.2. Fault Detection and Localization Based on DM

   The fault detection and location principle of the packet delay
   measurement is the same as that of packet loss measurement given in
   section 6.1.  If the link or node has defects that cause packet delay
   increasing, their downstream MIPs and MEP-Es will perceive them.  If
   the delay value rises over a reasonable threshold level, then it can
   be judged that the link or node is undergoing performance abnormities.
   The DM could be operated to support single-point link and node
   detection, multipoint link and node detection, as long as the
   forwarding path is equipped with enough monitoring entities.

7. Deployment Considerations

   When IRSM is deployed in practical network, many issues should be
   considered to enable the scheme to work efficiently.  Here are
   emulated some of the key aspects that should be paid special
   attention to when implementing IRSM.

7.1. Acquisition of monitored stream

   Because LM needs to take count of the data packet from a real stream,
   an IRSM-enabled node must provide the means to acquire the multicast
   stream to be monitored.  In practice this could be implemented by an
   ACL method.  If the stream to be monitored is specified by an (*,G)
   or an (S,G) pair, the ACL policy could be set to permit the packets
   belong to this stream to be processed by the IRSM module.


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7.2. Alarm and Reporting Processing

   The alarming and reporting method in case of abnormal and normal
   status should be in the scope of network planning and should be
   designed according to the local policy of the management and the
   scale of the multicast tree.  To prevent alarm and report from
   overburdening the network and the NMS systems, the amount of these
   messages generated should be minimized.

   In IRSM performance monitoring, a feasible scheme is to let only the
   MEP-E entities alarm the exception state when packet loss or
   unacceptable packet delay is detected.  MIP nodes only log the
   exception and will only send report to the management system
   regularly or passively in response to the queries.  It needs further
   study on how to design in detail the alarming and reporting functions
   of an IRSM system.

7.3. Configuration of Monitoring Nodes

   IRSM performance monitoring system should be flexible enough for the
   provider to operate.  For example, the provider may at this time
   prefer proactively monitoring and in other occasions need to take
   some discrete tests on demand.  He may choose to monitor the whole
   multicast tree, only some important forwarding paths or branches, or
   even merely several nodes prone to performance degradation.  An IRSM-
   capable node should be able to be enabled or disabled for its
   monitoring function as required by a configuration operation to
   support this flexibility.

   The configuration should also be used to provide the parameters of a
   monitoring session, such as the OAM execution frequency, the starting
   or ending of a monitoring session, the multicast stream to be
   monitored, and etc.  The configuration could be implemented as the
   manual manner by an administrator, or by a control plane protocol.
   The latter has the advantages of flexibility and scalability.  It is
   for further study on how to realize a practical configuration control.

7.4. Topology Discovery

   Topology discovery is the precondition of the monitoring of a
   multicast tree.  IRSM administrator could make use of current
   available multicast tree topology discovery tool in a multicast
   management system.  If this is unavailable, it is possible to define
   a lightweight tool specific for IRSM uses.





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7.5. Interoperation among Different Vendors

   If equipments from different vendors are deployed in the same
   multicast tree or on the same multicast forwarding path, cares should
   be taken to interoperate them well to fulfill the performance
   monitoring task.  Because the LM and DM packets are treated normally
   as the multicast data packets, the only interoperability requirement
   is that those intermediate IRSM-incapable equipments do not discard
   the LM or DM packets.

8. Security Considerations

   It should be recognized that conducting performance monitoring
   measurements can raise security concerns. IRSM system, in which
   traffic is injected into the network, can be abused for denial-of-
   service attacks disguised as legitimate measurement activity.
   Authentication, authorization and encryption techniques may be used
   where appropriate to guard against injected traffic attacks. These
   aspects will be discussed in the future version of the memo.

9. IANA Considerations

   If IP Protocol in IP header is used as the Identification of IRSM OAM
   packets, then a new IP protocol value is required to be assigned by
   IANA.

   If UDP port number in UDP header is used as the identification of
   IRSM OAM packets, then a new UDP value is required to be assigned by
   IANA.

10. References

10.1. Normative References

   [1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
   Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [2] ITU-T Recommendation Y.1731 (02/2008), " OAM functions and
   mechanisms for Ethernet based networks ", Feb,2008.



10.2. Informative References

   [3] M. Bianchetti, G. Picciano, M. Chen, and L. Zheng, " Requirements
   for IP multicast performance monitoring ", draft-bipi-mboned-ip-
   multicast-pm-requirement-01.txt, March 2010.


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Internet-Draft   IRSM multicast performance monitoring         July 2010


11. Acknowledgments

   Special thanks should be given to Guo Xinchun and Wang Yan for their
   valuable comments of the draft.

Authors' Addresses

   Liu Hui
   Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
   Huawei Building, No.3 Xinxi Road,
   Hai-Dian District,
   Beijing 100085
   China

   Email: liuhui47967@huawei.com


   Mach(Guoyi) Chen
   Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
   Huawei Building, No.3 Xinxi Road,
   Hai-Dian District,
   Beijing 100085
   China

   Email: mach@huawei.com


   Lianshu Zheng
   Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
   Huawei Building, No.3 Xinxi Road,
   Hai-Dian District,
   Beijing 100085
   China

   Email: verozheng@huawei.com













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