Homenet D. Migault
Internet-Draft Ericsson
Intended status: Standards Track R. Weber
Expires: October 21, 2020 Akamai
T. Mrugalski
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.
C. Griffiths
W. Cloetens
April 19, 2020
DHCPv6 Options for Home Network Authoritative Naming Service
draft-ietf-homenet-naming-architecture-dhc-options-07
Abstract
This document defines DHCPv6 options so any agnostic Homnet Naming
Authority (HNA) can automatically proceed to the appropriate
configuration and outsource the authoritative naming service for the
home network. In most cases, the outsourcing mechanism is
transparent for the end user.
Status of This Memo
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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on October 21, 2020.
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Table of Contents
1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Payload Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1. Client Public Key Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2. Distribution Master Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.3. Reverse Synchronization Server Option . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. DHCP Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1. DHCPv6 Server Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2. DHCPv6 Client Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.3. DHCPv6 Relay Agent Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. Security Considerations" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.1. DNSSEC is recommended to authenticate DNS hosted data . . 8
7.2. Channel between the HNA and ISP DHCP Server MUST be
secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.3. HNAs are sensitive to DoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
9. Scenarios and impact on the End User . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10. Base Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10.1. Third Party Registered Homenet Domain . . . . . . . . . 9
10.2. Third Party DNS Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10.3. Multiple ISPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
The reader is expected to be familiar with
[I-D.ietf-homenet-front-end-naming-delegation] and its terminology
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section. This section defines terms that have not been defined in
[I-D.ietf-homenet-front-end-naming-delegation]:
o Client Public Key: designates a public key generated by the HNA
and used as an authentication credential for the HNA.
2. Introduction
[I-D.ietf-homenet-front-end-naming-delegation] describes how Homenet
Naming Authority (HNA) outsources the Public Homenet Zone to an
Outsourcing Infrastructure.
In most cases the setting of the relation between the HNA and the
Outsourcing Infrastructure is not fully automated and involves the
end user. More specifically, the Outsourcing Infrastructure needs to
be able to authenticate the HNA as well as needs to ensure the HNA
owns the Registered Homenet Domain. As a result, the Outsourcing
Infrastructure is likely to be provided by a registrar.
This document describes DHCPv6 options that leverage a relation
between the ISP and an end user to fully automated these steps. This
enables an end user to provide the home network configuration to the
DHCPv6 server, so an HNA can outsource without any configuration. In
this case, outsourcing is achieved with zero-config and is resilient
to HNA change. This may provide the ability for an ISP to provide a
default outsourcing service to its customers, however this service
can be used by the end user for any specific Homenet registered
domain, not just the ones provided by the ISP and as such benefits
the end user.
The overall principle is that the HNA advertises the DHCPv6 server of
its Public Key. This Public Key will be used by the HNA for the
authentication during the TLS key exchange between the HNA and the
Distribution Master (DM) of the Public Homenet Zone and the Reverse
Homenet Zone. Note that a specific relation between the DHCPv6
server and the DM is required. When the DHCPv6 server is managed by
the ISP, such relation exist between DHCPv6 server and the DM of the
Reverse Homenet Zone. Such relation may also exist - but not
necessarily - between the DHCPv6 server and the DM of the Public
Homenet Zone. The DHCHv6 server provides the HNA the FQDN and Public
Keys of the respective DMs.
This document assumes the link between the HNA and the DHCPv6 server
is trustworthy for example using [I-D.ietf-dhc-sedhcpv6].
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3. Protocol Overview
This section illustrates how a HNA receives the necessary information
via DHCPv6 options to outsource its authoritative naming service on
the Outsourcing Infrastructure. For the sake of simplicity, this
section assumes that the DHCPv6 server is able to communicate to the
various DNS servers and to provide them the public key associated
with the HNA. Once each server got the public key, the HNA can
proceed to transactions in an authenticated and secure way.
This scenario has been chosen as it is believed to be the most
popular scenario. This document does not ignore scenarios where the
DHCP Server does not have privileged relations with the DM.
These cases are discussed latter in Section 9. Such scenario does
not necessarily require configuration for the end user and can also
be zero-config.
The scenario is as follows:
o 1) The HNA provides its Client Public Key to the DHCP Server using
a Client Public Key Option (OPTION_PUBLIC_KEY) and includes the
following option codes in its its Option Request Option (ORO): the
Distribution Master Option (OPTION_DM) and the Reverse
Distribution Master Option (OPTION_REVERSE_DM).
o 2) The DHCP Server makes the Client Public Key available to the DM
servers, so the HNA can secure its DNS transactions. How the
Client Public Key is transmitted to the various DNS servers is out
of scope of this document. Note that the Client Public Key alone
is not sufficient to perform the authentication and the key should
be, for example, associated with an identifier, or the concerned
domain name. How the binding is performed is out of scope of the
document. It can be a centralized database or various bindings
may be sent to the different servers.
o 3) The DHCP Server responds to the HNA with the requested DHCPv6
options, i.e. the Distribution Master Option (OPTION_DM) and the
Reverse Distribution Master Option (OPTION_REVERSE_DM).
o 4) Once the Homenet Zone has been set, the HNA uploads the zone to
the respective DMs.
4. Payload Description
This section details the payload of the DHCPv6 options.
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4.1. Client Public Key Option
The Client Public Key Option (OPTION_PUBLIC_KEY) indicates the Client
Public Key that is used to authenticate the HNA. This option is
defined in [I-D.ietf-dhc-sedhcpv6].
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OPTION_PUBLIC_KEY | option-len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
/ Public Key Data /
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
{ #fig-public-key title="Client Public Key Option"}
o option-code (16 bits): OPTION_PUBLIC_KEY, the option code for the
Client Public Key Option (TBD1).
o option-len (16 bits): length in octets of the option-data field as
described in [RFC3315].
o Client Public Key Data: contains the Client Public Key. The format
is the DNSKEY RDATA format as defined in [RFC4034].
4.2. Distribution Master Option
The Synchronization Server Option (OPTION_SYNC_SERVER) provides
information necessary for the HNA to upload the Homenet Zone to the
Synchronization Server. Finally, the option provides the
authentication methods that are available to perform the upload. The
upload is performed via a DNS primary / secondary architecture or DNS
updates.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OPTION_DIST_MASTER | option-len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Server Port | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
/ DM FQDN /
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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{ #fig-name-srv-set title="Synchronization Server Option"}
o option-code (16 bits): OPTION_SYNC_SERVER, the option code for the
Synchronization Server Option (TBD2).
o option-len (16 bits): length in octets of the option-data field as
described in [RFC3315].
o Server Port (16 bits): defines the port the Synchronization Server
is listening. When multiple transport layers may be used, a
single and unique Server Port value applies to all the transport
layers. In the case of DNS for example, Server Port value
considers DNS exchanges using UDP and TCP.
o Synchronization Server FQDN (variable): the FQDN of the
Synchronization Server.
4.3. Reverse Synchronization Server Option
The Reverse Synchronization Server Option
(OPTION_REVERSE_SYNC_SERVER) provides information necessary for the
HNA to upload the Homenet Zone to the Synchronization Server. The
option provides the authentication methods that are available to
perform the upload. The upload is performed via a DNS primary /
secondary architecture or DNS updates.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OPTION_DIST_MASTER | option-len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Server Port | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| |
/ Reverse DM FQDN /
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: Reverse Synchronization Server Option
o option-code (16 bits): OPTION_REVERSE_SYNC_SERVER, the option code
for the Reverse Synchronization Server Option (TBD3).
o option-len (16 bits): length in octets of the option-data field as
described in [RFC3315].
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o Server Port (16 bits): defines the port the Synchronization Server
is listening.
o Reverse Synchronization Server FQDN (variable): The FQDN of the
Reverse Synchronization Server.
5. DHCP Behavior
5.1. DHCPv6 Server Behavior
Sections 17.2.2 and 18.2 of [RFC3315] govern server operation in
regards to option assignment. As a convenience to the reader, we
mention here that the server will send option foo only if configured
with specific values for foo and if the client requested it. In
particular, when configured the DHCP Server sends the Zone Template
Option, Synchronization Server Option, Reverse Synchronization Server
Option when requested by the DHCPv6 client by including necessary
option codes in its ORO.
The DHCP Server may receive a Client Public Key Option
(OPTION_PUBLIC_KEY) from the HNA. Upon receipt of this DHCPv6
option, the DHCP Server SHOULD acknowledge the reception of the
Client Public Key Option as described and communicate this credential
to the available DM and Reverse DM unless not configured to do so.
A HNA may update its Client Public Key by sending a new value in the
Client Public Key Option (OPTION_PUBLIC_KEY) as this document assumes
the link between the HNA and the DHCP Server is considered
authenticated and trusted. The server SHOULD process received Client
Public Key Option sent by the client unless not configured to do so.
5.2. DHCPv6 Client Behavior
The DHCPv6 client SHOULD send a Client Public Key Option
(OPTION_PUBLIC_KEY) to the DHCP Server. This Client Public Key
authenticates the HNA.
The DHCPv6 client sends a ORO with the necessary option codes: Zone
Template Option, Synchronization Server Option and Reverse
Synchronization Server Option.
Upon receiving a DHCP option described in this document in the Reply
message, the HNA SHOULD publish the zone as described in
[I-D.ietf-homenet-front-end-naming-delegation].
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5.3. DHCPv6 Relay Agent Behavior
There are no additional requirements for the DHCP Relay agents.
6. IANA Considerations
The DHCP options detailed in this document is: * OPTION_CLIENT_KEY:
TBD1 * OPTION_REGISTERED_DOMAIN: TBD2 * OPTION_SYNC_SERVER: TBD3 *
OPTION_REVERSE_SYNC_SERVER: TBD4
7. Security Considerations"
7.1. DNSSEC is recommended to authenticate DNS hosted data
It is recommended that the (Reverse) Homenet Zone is signed with
DNSSEC. The zone may be signed by the HNA or by a third party. We
recommend the zone to be signed by the HNA, and that the signed zone
is uploaded.
7.2. Channel between the HNA and ISP DHCP Server MUST be secured
The channel MUST be secured because the HNA provides authentication
credentials. Unsecured channel may result in HNA impersonation
attacks.
The document considers that the channel between the HNA and the ISP
DHCP Server is trusted. More specifically, the HNA is authenticated
and the exchanged messages are protected. The current document does
not specify how to secure the channel. [RFC3315] proposes a DHCP
authentication and message exchange protection, [RFC4301], [RFC7296]
propose to secure the channel at the IP layer.
7.3. HNAs are sensitive to DoS
HNA have not been designed for handling heavy load. The HNA are
exposed on the Internet, and their IP address is publicly published
on the Internet via the DNS. This makes the Home Network sensitive
to Deny of Service Attacks. The resulting outsourcing architecture
is described in [I-D.ietf-homenet-front-end-naming-delegation]. This
document shows how the outsourcing architecture can be automatically
set.
8. Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Marcin Siodelski and Bernie Volz for their
comments on the design of the DHCPv6 options. We would also like to
thank Mark Andrews, Andrew Sullivan and Lorenzo Colliti for their
remarks on the architecture design. The designed solution has been
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largely been inspired by Mark Andrews's document
[I-D.andrews-dnsop-pd-reverse] as well as discussions with Mark. We
also thank Ray Hunter for its reviews, its comments and for
suggesting an appropriated terminology.
9. Scenarios and impact on the End User
This section details various scenarios and discuss their impact on
the end user.
10. Base Scenario
The base scenario is the one described in Section 3. It is typically
the one of an ISP that manages the DHCP Server, and all DNS servers.
The end user subscribes to the ISP (foo), and at subscription time
registers for example.foo as its Registered Homenet Domain
example.foo.
When the HNA is plugged (at least the first time), it provides its
Client Public Key to the DHCP Server. In this scenario, the DHCP
Server and the DNS Servers are managed by the ISP so the DHCP Server
can provide authentication credentials of the HNA to enable secure
authenticated transaction with the DM and the Reverse DM.
The main advantage of this scenario is that the naming architecture
is configured automatically and transparently for the end user. The
drawbacks are that the end user uses a Registered Homenet Domain
managed by the ISP and that it relies on the ISP naming
infrastructure.
10.1. Third Party Registered Homenet Domain
This section considers the case when the end user wants its home
network to use example.com as a Registered Homenet Domain instead of
example.foo that has been assigned by the ISP. We also suppose that
example.com is not managed by the ISP.
This can also be achieved without any configuration. When the end
user buys the domain name example.com, it may request to redirect the
name example.com to example.foo using static redirection with CNAME
[RFC2181], [RFC1034], DNAME [RFC6672] or CNAME+DNAME
[I-D.sury-dnsext-cname-dname].
This configuration is performed once when the domain name example.com
is registered. The only information the end user needs to know is
the domain name assigned by the ISP. Once this configuration is done
no additional configuration is needed anymore. More specifically,
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the HNA may be changed, the zone can be updated as in Section 10
without any additional configuration from the end user.
The main advantage of this scenario is that the end user benefits
from the Zero Configuration of the Base Scenario Section 10. Then,
the end user is able to register for its home network an unlimited
number of domain names provided by an unlimited number of different
third party providers.
The drawback of this scenario may be that the end user still rely on
the ISP naming infrastructure. Note that the only case this may be
inconvenient is when the DNS Servers provided by the ISPs results in
high latency.
10.2. Third Party DNS Infrastructure
This scenario considers that the end user uses example.com as a
Registered Homenet Domain, and does not want to rely on the
authoritative servers provided by the ISP.
In this section we limit the outsourcing to the DM and Public
Authoritative Server(s) to a third party. The Reverse Public
Authoritative Server(s) and Reverse Synchronization Server remain
managed by the ISP as the IP prefix is managed by the ISP.
Outsourcing DM and Public Authoritative Server(s) requires:
1. Updating the DHCP Server Information. One can imagine a GUI
interface that enables the end user to modify its profile
parameters. Again, this configuration update is done once-for-
ever.
2. Upload the authentication credential of the HNA, that is the
Client Public Key of the HNA, to the third party. Unless we use
specific mechanisms, like communication between the DHCP Server
and the third party, or a specific token that is plugged into the
HNA, this operation is likely to be performed every time the HNA
is changed, and every time the Client Public Key generated by the
HNA is changed.
The main advantage of this scenario is that the DNS infrastructure is
completely outsourced to the third party. Most likely the Client
Public Key that authenticate the HNA needs to be configured for every
HNA. Configuration is expected to be HNA live-long.
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10.3. Multiple ISPs
This scenario considers a HNA connected to multiple ISPs.
Suppose the HNA has been configured each of its interfaces
independently with each ISPS as described in Section 10. Each ISP
provides a different Registered Homenet Domain. The HNA Client
Public Key may be shared between the HNA and the multiple ISPs.
The protocol and DHCPv6 options described in this document are fully
compatible with a HNA connected to multiple ISPs with multiple
Registered Homenet Domains. However, the HNA should be able to
handle different Registered Homenet Domains. This is an
implementation issue which is outside the scope of the current
document.
If a HNA is not able to handle multiple Registered Homenet Domains,
the HNA may remain connected to multiple ISP with a single Registered
Homenet Domain. In this case, the one party is chosen to host the
Registered Homenet Domain.
This entity may be one of the ISP or a third party. Note that having
multiple ISPs can be motivated for bandwidth aggregation, or
connectivity fail-over. In the case of connectivity fail-over, the
fail-over concerns the access network and a failure of the access
network may not impact the core network where the DM Server and
Public Authoritative Primaries are hosted. In that sense, choosing
one of the ISP even in a scenario of multiple ISPs may make sense.
However, for sake of simplicity, this scenario assumes that a third
party has be chosen to host the Registered Homenet Domain. The DNS
settings for each ISP is described in Section 10.1 and Section 10.2.
With the configuration described in Section 10.1, the HNA is expect
to be able to handle multiple Homenet Registered Domain, as the third
party redirect to one of the ISPs Servers. With the configuration
described in Section 10.2, DNS zone are hosted and maintained by the
third party. A single DNS(SEC) Homenet Zone is built and maintained
by the HNA. This latter configuration is likely to match most HNA
implementations.
The protocol and DHCPv6 options described in this document are fully
compatible with a HNA connected to multiple ISPs. To configure or
not and how to configure the HNA depends on the HNA facilities.
Section 10 and Section 10.1 require the HNA to handle multiple
Registered Homenet Domain, whereas Section 10.2 does not have such
requirement.
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11. References
11.1. Normative References
[RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities",
STD 13, RFC 1034, DOI 10.17487/RFC1034, November 1987,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1034>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2181] Elz, R. and R. Bush, "Clarifications to the DNS
Specification", RFC 2181, DOI 10.17487/RFC2181, July 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2181>.
[RFC3315] Droms, R., Ed., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins,
C., and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, DOI 10.17487/RFC3315, July
2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3315>.
[RFC4034] Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S.
Rose, "Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions",
RFC 4034, DOI 10.17487/RFC4034, March 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4034>.
[RFC4301] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, DOI 10.17487/RFC4301,
December 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4301>.
[RFC6672] Rose, S. and W. Wijngaards, "DNAME Redirection in the
DNS", RFC 6672, DOI 10.17487/RFC6672, June 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6672>.
[RFC7296] Kaufman, C., Hoffman, P., Nir, Y., Eronen, P., and T.
Kivinen, "Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2
(IKEv2)", STD 79, RFC 7296, DOI 10.17487/RFC7296, October
2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7296>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
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11.2. Informative References
[I-D.andrews-dnsop-pd-reverse]
Andrews, M., "Automated Delegation of IP6.ARPA reverse
zones with Prefix Delegation", draft-andrews-dnsop-pd-
reverse-02 (work in progress), November 2013.
[I-D.ietf-dhc-sedhcpv6]
Li, L., Jiang, S., Cui, Y., Jinmei, T., Lemon, T., and D.
Zhang, "Secure DHCPv6", draft-ietf-dhc-sedhcpv6-21 (work
in progress), February 2017.
[I-D.ietf-homenet-front-end-naming-delegation]
Migault, D., Weber, R., Richardson, M., Hunter, R.,
Griffiths, C., and W. Cloetens, "Outsourcing Home Network
Authoritative Naming Service", draft-ietf-homenet-front-
end-naming-delegation-10 (work in progress), March 2020.
[I-D.sury-dnsext-cname-dname]
Sury, O., "CNAME+DNAME Name Redirection", draft-sury-
dnsext-cname-dname-00 (work in progress), April 2010.
Authors' Addresses
Daniel Migault
Ericsson
8275 Trans Canada Route
Saint Laurent, QC 4S 0B6
Canada
EMail: daniel.migault@ericsson.com
Ralf Weber
Akamai
EMail: ralf.weber@nominum.com
Tomek Mrugalski
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.
950 Charter Street
Redwood City 94063
US
EMail: tomasz.mrugalski@gmail.com
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Chris Griffiths
EMail: cgriffiths@gmail.com
Wouter Cloetens
EMail: wouter.cloetens@softathome.com
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