DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH)
RFC 8484
| Document | Type | RFC - Proposed Standard (October 2018; Errata) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Paul Hoffman , Patrick McManus | ||
| Last updated | 2019-01-15 | ||
| Replaces | draft-hoffman-dispatch-dns-over-https, draft-hoffman-dns-over-https | ||
| Stream | IETF | ||
| Formats | plain text html pdf htmlized bibtex | ||
| Reviews | |||
| Stream | WG state | Submitted to IESG for Publication | |
| Document shepherd | Benjamin Schwartz | ||
| Shepherd write-up | Show (last changed 2018-07-03) | ||
| IESG | IESG state | RFC 8484 (Proposed Standard) | |
| Action Holders |
(None)
|
||
| Consensus Boilerplate | Yes | ||
| Telechat date | |||
| Responsible AD | Adam Roach | ||
| Send notices to | Benjamin Schwartz <bemasc@google.com> | ||
| IANA | IANA review state | Version Changed - Review Needed | |
| IANA action state | RFC-Ed-Ack | ||
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. Hoffman
Request for Comments: 8484 ICANN
Category: Standards Track P. McManus
ISSN: 2070-1721 Mozilla
October 2018
DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH)
Abstract
This document defines a protocol for sending DNS queries and getting
DNS responses over HTTPS. Each DNS query-response pair is mapped
into an HTTP exchange.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8484.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Hoffman & McManus Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 8484 DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH) October 2018
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Selection of DoH Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. The HTTP Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1. The HTTP Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.1.1. HTTP Request Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2. The HTTP Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2.1. Handling DNS and HTTP Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2.2. HTTP Response Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. HTTP Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.1. Cache Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.2. HTTP/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.3. Server Push . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.4. Content Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. Definition of the "application/dns-message" Media Type . . . 10
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.1. Registration of the "application/dns-message" Media Type 11
8. Privacy Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.1. On the Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.2. In the Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
10. Operational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Appendix A. Protocol Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Appendix B. Previous Work on DNS over HTTP or in Other Formats . 20
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Hoffman & McManus Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 8484 DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH) October 2018
1. Introduction
This document defines a specific protocol, DNS over HTTPS (DoH), for
sending DNS [RFC1035] queries and getting DNS responses over HTTP
[RFC7540] using https [RFC2818] URIs (and therefore TLS [RFC8446]
security for integrity and confidentiality). Each DNS query-response
pair is mapped into an HTTP exchange.
The described approach is more than a tunnel over HTTP. It
establishes default media formatting types for requests and responses
but uses normal HTTP content negotiation mechanisms for selecting
alternatives that endpoints may prefer in anticipation of serving new
use cases. In addition to this media type negotiation, it aligns
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