DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH)
RFC 8484
Document | Type | RFC - Proposed Standard (October 2018; Errata) | |
---|---|---|---|
Authors | Paul Hoffman , Patrick McManus | ||
Last updated | 2019-01-15 | ||
Replaces | draft-hoffman-dispatch-dns-over-https, draft-hoffman-dns-over-https | ||
Stream | IETF | ||
Formats | plain text html pdf htmlized bibtex | ||
Reviews | |||
Stream | WG state | Submitted to IESG for Publication | |
Document shepherd | Benjamin Schwartz | ||
Shepherd write-up | Show (last changed 2018-07-03) | ||
IESG | IESG state | RFC 8484 (Proposed Standard) | |
Action Holders |
(None)
|
||
Consensus Boilerplate | Yes | ||
Telechat date | |||
Responsible AD | Adam Roach | ||
Send notices to | Benjamin Schwartz <bemasc@google.com> | ||
IANA | IANA review state | Version Changed - Review Needed | |
IANA action state | RFC-Ed-Ack |
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. Hoffman Request for Comments: 8484 ICANN Category: Standards Track P. McManus ISSN: 2070-1721 Mozilla October 2018 DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH) Abstract This document defines a protocol for sending DNS queries and getting DNS responses over HTTPS. Each DNS query-response pair is mapped into an HTTP exchange. Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8484. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Hoffman & McManus Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 8484 DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH) October 2018 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Selection of DoH Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. The HTTP Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1. The HTTP Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1.1. HTTP Request Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2. The HTTP Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2.1. Handling DNS and HTTP Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2.2. HTTP Response Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5. HTTP Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.1. Cache Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5.2. HTTP/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.3. Server Push . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.4. Content Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6. Definition of the "application/dns-message" Media Type . . . 10 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7.1. Registration of the "application/dns-message" Media Type 11 8. Privacy Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.1. On the Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.2. In the Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 10. Operational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Appendix A. Protocol Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Appendix B. Previous Work on DNS over HTTP or in Other Formats . 20 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Hoffman & McManus Standards Track [Page 2] RFC 8484 DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH) October 2018 1. Introduction This document defines a specific protocol, DNS over HTTPS (DoH), for sending DNS [RFC1035] queries and getting DNS responses over HTTP [RFC7540] using https [RFC2818] URIs (and therefore TLS [RFC8446] security for integrity and confidentiality). Each DNS query-response pair is mapped into an HTTP exchange. The described approach is more than a tunnel over HTTP. It establishes default media formatting types for requests and responses but uses normal HTTP content negotiation mechanisms for selecting alternatives that endpoints may prefer in anticipation of serving new use cases. In addition to this media type negotiation, it alignsShow full document text