Comparison of Different NAT Traversal Techniques for Media Controlled by the Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
RFC 7604
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. Westerlund
Request for Comments: 7604 Ericsson
Category: Informational T. Zeng
ISSN: 2070-1721 PacketVideo Corp
September 2015
Comparison of Different NAT Traversal Techniques
for Media Controlled by the Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
Abstract
This document describes several Network Address Translator (NAT)
traversal techniques that were considered to be used for establishing
the RTP media flows controlled by the Real-Time Streaming Protocol
(RTSP). Each technique includes a description of how it would be
used, the security implications of using it, and any other deployment
considerations it has. There are also discussions on how NAT
traversal techniques relate to firewalls and how each technique can
be applied in different use cases. These findings were used when
selecting the NAT traversal for RTSP 2.0, which is specified in a
separate document.
Status of This Memo
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for informational purposes.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents
approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet
Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7604.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1. Network Address Translators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2. Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. Detecting the Loss of NAT Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3. Requirements on Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4. NAT-Traversal Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.1. Stand-Alone STUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1.2. Using STUN to Traverse NAT without Server
Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1.3. ALG Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.4. Deployment Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2. Server Embedded STUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2.2. Embedding STUN in RTSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2.3. Discussion on Co-located STUN Server . . . . . . . . 17
4.2.4. ALG Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.2.5. Deployment Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.2.6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.3. ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.3.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.3.2. Using ICE in RTSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.3.3. Implementation Burden of ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.3.4. ALG Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.3.5. Deployment Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.3.6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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4.4. Latching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.4.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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