IP Multicast in Differentiated Services (DS) Networks
RFC 3754
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RFC - Informational
(April 2004; No errata)
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Authors |
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Klaus Wehrle
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Roland Bless
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Last updated |
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2015-10-14
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ISE
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RFC 3754 (Informational)
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Bill Fenner
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<rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org>
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Network Working Group R. Bless
Request for Comments: 3754 Univ. of Karlsruhe
Category: Informational K. Wehrle
Univ. of Tuebingen
April 2004
IP Multicast in Differentiated Services (DS) Networks
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document discusses the problems of IP Multicast use in
Differentiated Services (DS) networks, expanding on the discussion in
RFC 2475 ("An Architecture of Differentiated Services"). It also
suggests possible solutions to these problems, describes a potential
implementation model, and presents simulation results.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Management of Differentiated Services. . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Problems of IP Multicast in DS Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Neglected Reservation Subtree Problem (NRS Problem). . . 4
2.2. Heterogeneous Multicast Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3. Dynamics of Any-Source Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3. Solutions for Enabling IP-Multicast in Differentiated
Services Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.1. Solution for the NRS Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2. Solution for Supporting Heterogeneous Multicast Groups . 15
3.3. Solution for Any-Source Multicast. . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4. Scalability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5. Deployment Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6. Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7. Implementation Model Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8. Proof of the Neglected Reservation Subtree Problem . . . . . . 19
8.1. Implementation of the Proposed Solution. . . . . . . . . 20
8.2. Test Environment and Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9. Simulative Study of the NRS Problem and Limited Effort PHB . . 23
Bless & Wehrle Informational [Page 1]
RFC 3754 IP Multicast in DS Networks April 2004
9.1. Simulation Scenario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9.2. Simulation Results for Different Router Types. . . . . . 26
10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
12. Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13. Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1. Introduction
This document discusses the problems of IP Multicast use in
Differentiated Services (DS) networks, expanding on the discussion in
RFC 2475 ("An Architecture of Differentiated Services"). It also
suggests possible solutions to these problems, describes a potential
implementation model, and presents simulation results.
The "Differentiated Services" (DiffServ or DS) approach [1, 2, 3]
defines certain building blocks and mechanisms to offer qualitatively
better services than the traditional best-effort delivery service in
an IP network. In the DiffServ Architecture [2], scalability is
achieved by avoiding complexity and maintenance of per-flow state
information in core nodes, and by pushing unavoidable complexity to
the network edges. Therefore, individual flows belonging to the same
service are aggregated, thereby eliminating the need for complex
classification or managing state information per flow in interior
nodes.
On the other hand, the reduced complexity in DS nodes makes it more
complex to use those "better" services together with IP Multicast
(i.e., point-to-multipoint or multipoint-to-multipoint
communication). Problems emerging from this fact are described in
section 2. Although the basic DS forwarding mechanisms also work
with IP Multicast, some facts have to be considered which are related
to the provisioning of multicast resources. It is important to
integrate IP Multicast functionality into the architecture from the
beginning, and to provide simple solutions for those problems that
will not defeat the already gained advantages.
1.1. Management of Differentiated Services
At least for Per-Domain Behaviors and services based on the EF PHB,
admission control and resource reservation are required [14, 15].
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