Network Working Group                                            B. Weis
Internet-Draft                                               Independent
Obsoletes: 6407 (if approved)                                 V. Smyslov
Intended status: Standards Track                              ELVIS-PLUS
Expires: January 9, 2020                                    July 8, 2019


                    Group Key Management using IKEv2
                         draft-yeung-g-ikev2-16

Abstract

   This document presents a set of IKEv2 exchanges that comprise a group
   key management protocol.  The protocol is in conformance with the
   Multicast Security (MSEC) key management architecture, which contains
   two components: member registration and group rekeying.  Both
   components require a Group Controller/Key Server to download IPsec
   group security associations to authorized members of a group.  The
   group members then exchange IP multicast or other group traffic as
   IPsec packets.  This document obsoletes RFC 6407.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 9, 2020.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect



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   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     1.2.  G-IKEv2 Integration into IKEv2 Protocol . . . . . . . . .   5
       1.2.1.  G-IKEv2 Transport and Port  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       1.2.2.  IKEv2 Header Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     1.3.  G-IKEv2 Protocol  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
       1.3.1.  G-IKEv2 Payloads  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     1.4.  G-IKEv2 Member Registration and Secure Channel
           Establishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       1.4.1.  GSA_AUTH exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       1.4.2.  GSA_REGISTRATION Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       1.4.3.  GM Registration Operations  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       1.4.4.  GCKS Registration Operations  . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       1.4.5.  Group Maintenance Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       1.4.6.  Counter-based modes of operation  . . . . . . . . . .  19
     1.5.  Interaction with IKEv2 Protocol Extensions  . . . . . . .  21
       1.5.1.  Postquantum Preshared Keys for IKEv2  . . . . . . . .  21
   2.  Header and Payload Formats  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
     2.1.  The G-IKEv2 Header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
     2.2.  Group Identification (IDg) Payload  . . . . . . . . . . .  24
     2.3.  Security Association - GM Supported Transforms (SAg)  . .  24
     2.4.  Group Security Association Payload  . . . . . . . . . . .  24
       2.4.1.  GSA Policy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
       2.4.2.  KEK Policy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
       2.4.3.  GSA TEK Policy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
       2.4.4.  GSA Group Associated Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
     2.5.  Key Download Payload  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
       2.5.1.  TEK Download Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
       2.5.2.  KEK Download Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
       2.5.3.  LKH Download Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
       2.5.4.  SID Download Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
     2.6.  Delete Payload  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     2.7.  Notify Payload  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     2.8.  Authentication Payload  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
   3.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     3.1.  GSA Registration and Secure Channel . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     3.2.  GSA Maintenance Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
       3.2.1.  Authentication/Authorization  . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
       3.2.2.  Confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
       3.2.3.  Man-in-the-Middle Attack Protection . . . . . . . . .  44
       3.2.4.  Replay/Reflection Attack Protection . . . . . . . . .  44



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   4.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
     4.1.  New Registries  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
     4.2.  New Payload and Exchange Types Added to the Existing
           IKEv2 Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
     4.3.  Changes to Previous Allocations . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
   5.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
   6.  Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
     7.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
   Appendix A.  Use of LKH in G-IKEv2  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
     A.1.  Group Creation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
     A.2.  Group Member Exclusion  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  52

1.  Introduction and Overview

   A group key management protocol provides IPsec keys and policy to a
   set of IPsec devices which are authorized to communicate using a
   Group Security Association (GSA) defined in [RFC3740].  The data
   communications within the group (e.g., IP multicast packets) are
   protected by a key pushed to the group members (GMs) by the Group
   Controller/Key Server (GCKS).  This document presents a set of IKEv2
   [RFC7296] exchanges that comprise a group key management protocol.

   A GM begins a "registration" exchange when it first joins the group.
   With G-IKEv2, the GCKS authenticates and authorizes GMs, then pushes
   policy and keys used by the group to the GM.  G-IKEv2 includes two
   "registration" exchanges.  The first is the GSA_AUTH exchange (
   Section 1.4.1), which follows an IKE_SA_INIT exchange.  The second is
   the GSA_REGISTRATION exchange ( Section 1.4.2), which a GM can use
   within an established IKE SA.  Group rekeys are accomplished using
   either the GSA_REKEY exchange (a single message distributed to all
   GMs, usually as a multicast message), or as a GSA_INBAND_REKEY
   exchange delivered individually to group members using existing IKE
   SAs).

   Large and small groups may use different sets of these protocols.
   When a large group of devices are communicating, the GCKS is likely
   to use the GSA_REKEY message for efficiency.  This is shown in
   Figure 1.  (Note: For clarity, IKE_SA_INIT is omitted from the
   figure.)









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                                +--------+
                 +------------->|  GCKS  |<-------------+
                 |              +--------+              |
                 |                |    ^                |
                 |                |    |                |
                 |                | GSA_AUTH            |
                 |                |   or                |
                 |                | GSA_REGISTRATION    |
                 |                |    |                |
              GSA_AUTH            |    |             GSA_AUTH
                or           GSA_REKEY |               or
          GSA_REGISTRATION        |    |         GSA_REGISTRATION
                 |                |    |                |
                 |   +------------+-----------------+   |
                 |   |            |    |            |   |
                 v   v            v    v            v   v
               +-------+        +--------+        +-------+
               |  GM   |  ...   |   GM   |  ...   |  GM   |
               +-------+        +--------+        +-------+
                   ^                 ^                ^
                   |                 |                |
                   +-------ESP-------+-------ESP------+

                  Figure 1: G-IKEv2 used in large groups

   Alternatively, a small group may simply use the GSA_AUTH as a
   registration protocol, where the GCKS issues rekeys using the
   GSA_INBAND_REKEY within the same IKEv2 SA.  The GCKS is also likely
   to be a GM in a small group (as shown in Figure 2.)

                          GSA_AUTH, GSA_INBAND_REKEY
            +-----------------------------------------------+
            |                                               |
            |         GSA_AUTH, GSA_INBAND_REKEY            |
            |   +-----------------------------+             |
            |   |                             |             |
            |   | GSA_AUTH, GSA_INBAND_REKEY  |             |
            |   |   +--------+                |             |
            v   v   v        v                v             v
           +---------+    +----+           +----+        +----+
           | GCKS/GM |    | GM |           | GM |        | GM |
           +---------+    +----+           +----+        +----+
                ^            ^                ^             ^
                |            |                |             |
                +----ESP-----+------ESP-------+-----ESP-----+

                  Figure 2: G-IKEv2 used in small groups




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   IKEv2 message semantics are preserved in that all communications
   consists of message request-response pairs.  The exception to this
   rule is the GSA_REKEY exchange, which is a single message delivering
   group updates to the GMs.

   G-IKEv2 conforms with the Multicast Group Security Architecture
   [RFC3740], and the Multicast Security (MSEC) Group Key Management
   Architecture [RFC4046].  G-IKEv2 replaces GDOI [RFC6407], which
   defines a similar group key management protocol using IKEv1 [RFC2409]
   (since deprecated by IKEv2).  When G-IKEv2 is used, group key
   management use cases can benefit from the simplicity, increased
   robustness and cryptographic improvements of IKEv2 (see Appendix A of
   [RFC7296].

1.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

1.2.  G-IKEv2 Integration into IKEv2 Protocol

   G-IKEv2 uses the security mechanisms of IKEv2 (peer authentication,
   confidentiality, message integrity) to ensure that only authenticated
   devices have access to the group policy and keys.  The G-IKEv2
   exchange further provides group authorization, and secure policy and
   key download from the GCKS to GMs.  Some IKEv2 extensions require
   special handling if used with G-IKEv2.  See Section 1.5 for more
   details.

   It is assumed that readers are familiar with the IKEv2 protocol, so
   this document skips many details that are described in [RFC7296].

1.2.1.  G-IKEv2 Transport and Port

   G-IKEv2 SHOULD use UDP port 848, the same as GDOI [RFC6407], because
   they serve a similar function.  They can use the same ports, just as
   IKEv1 and IKEv2 can share port 500.  The version number in the IKE
   header distinguishes the G-IKEv2 protocol from GDOI protocol
   [RFC6407].  G-IKEv2 MAY also use the IKEv2 ports (500, 4500), which
   would provide a better integration with IKEv2.  G-IKEv2 MAY also use
   TCP transport for registration (unicast) IKE SA, as defined in
   [RFC8229].






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1.2.2.  IKEv2 Header Initialization

   The Major Version is (2) and Minor Version is (0) according to IKEv2
   [RFC7296], and maintained in this document.  The G-IKEv2 IKE_SA_INIT,
   GSA_AUTH, GSA_REGISTRATION and GSA_INBAND_REKEY use the IKE SPI
   according to IKEv2 [RFC7296], section 2.6.

1.3.  G-IKEv2 Protocol

1.3.1.  G-IKEv2 Payloads

   In the following descriptions, the payloads contained in the G-IKEv2
   messages are indicated by names as listed below.

        Notation      Payload
       ------------------------------------------------------------
        AUTH          Authentication
        CERT          Certificate
        CERTREQ       Certificate Request
        GSA           Group Security Association
        HDR           IKEv2 Header
        IDg           Identification - Group
        IDi           Identification - Initiator
        IDr           Identification - Responder
        KD            Key Download
        KE            Key Exchange
        Ni, Nr        Nonce
        SA            Security Association
        SAg           Security Association - GM Supported Transforms

   Payloads defined as part of other IKEv2 extensions MAY also be
   included in these messages.  Payloads that may optionally appear will
   be shown in brackets, such as [ CERTREQ ], to indicate that a
   certificate request payload can optionally be included.

   G-IKEv2 defines several new payloads not used in IKEv2:

   o  IDg (Group ID) - The GM requests the GCKS for membership into the
      group by sending its IDg payload.

   o  GSA (Group Security Association) - The GCKS sends the group policy
      to the GM using this payload.

   o  KD (Key Download) - The GCKS sends the control and data keys to
      the GM using the KD payload.






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   o  SAg (Security Association - GM Supported Transforms) - the GM
      sends supported transforms, so that GCKS may select a policy
      appropriate for all members of the group.

   The details of the contents of each payload are described in
   Section 2.

1.4.  G-IKEv2 Member Registration and Secure Channel Establishment

   The registration protocol consists of a minimum of two messages
   exchanges, IKE_SA_INIT and GSA_AUTH; member registration may have a
   few more messages exchanged if the EAP method, cookie challenge (for
   DoS protection) or negotiation of Diffie-Hellman group is included.
   Each exchange consists of request/response pairs.  The first exchange
   IKE_SA_INIT is defined in IKEv2 [RFC7296].  This exchange negotiates
   cryptographic algorithms, exchanges nonces and does a Diffie-Hellman
   exchange between the group member (GM) and the Group Controller/Key
   Server (GCKS).

   The second exchange GSA_AUTH authenticates the previous messages,
   exchanges identities and certificates.  These messages are encrypted
   and integrity protected with keys established through the IKE_SA_INIT
   exchange, so the identities are hidden from eavesdroppers and all
   fields in all the messages are authenticated.  The GCKS SHOULD
   authorize group members to be allowed into the group as part of the
   GSA_AUTH exchange.  Once the GCKS accepts a group member to join a
   group it will download the data security keys (TEKs) and/or group key
   encrypting key (KEK) or KEK array as part of the GSA_AUTH response
   message.

1.4.1.  GSA_AUTH exchange

   After the group member and GCKS use the IKE_SA_INIT exchange to
   negotiate cryptographic algorithms, exchange nonces, and perform a
   Diffie-Hellman exchange as defined in IKEv2 [RFC7296], the GSA_AUTH
   exchange MUST complete before any other exchanges can be done.  The
   security properties of the GSA_AUTH exchange are the same as the
   properties of the IKE_AUTH exchange.  It is used to authenticate the
   IKE_SA_INIT messages, exchange identities and certificates.  G-IKEv2
   also uses this exchange for group member registration and
   authorization.  Even though the IKE_AUTH does contain the SA2, TSi,
   and TSr payload the GSA_AUTH does not.  They are not needed because
   policy is not negotiated between the group member and the GCKS, but
   instead downloaded from the GCKS to the group member.







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       Initiator (Member)                              Responder (GCKS)
      --------------------                            ------------------
       HDR, SK { IDi, [CERT,] [CERTREQ, ] [IDr, ]
                 AUTH, IDg, [SAg, ] [N ] }        -->

                        Figure 3: GSA_AUTH Request

   After the IKE_SA_INIT exchange completes, the group member initiates
   a GSA_AUTH request to join a group indicated by the IDg payload.  The
   GM MAY include an SAg payload declaring which Transforms that it is
   willing to accept.  A GM that intends to emit data packets SHOULD
   include a Notify payload status type of SENDER, which enables the
   GCKS to provide any additional policy necessary by group senders.

       Initiator (Member)                Responder (GCKS)
      --------------------              ------------------
                                    <-- HDR, SK { IDr, [CERT, ]
                                             AUTH, [ GSA, KD, ] [D, ]  }

                    Figure 4: GSA_AUTH Normal Response

   The GCKS responds with IDr, optional CERT, and AUTH material as if it
   were an IKE_AUTH.  It also informs the group member of the
   cryptographic policies of the group in the GSA payload and the key
   material in the KD payload.  The GCKS can also include a Delete (D)
   payload instructing the group member to delete existing SAs it might
   have as the result of a previous group member registration.  Note,
   that since the GCKS generally doesn't know which SAs the GM has, the
   SPI field in the Delete payload(s) SHOULD be set to zero in this
   case.  (See more discussion on the Delete payload in Section 2.6.)

   In addition to the IKEv2 error handling, the GCKS can reject the
   registration request when the IDg is invalid or authorization fails,
   etc.  In these cases, see Section 2.7, the GSA_AUTH response will not
   include the GSA and KD, but will include a Notify payload indicating
   errors.  If the group member included an SAg payload, and the GCKS
   chooses to evaluate it, and it detects that that group member cannot
   support the security policy defined for the group, then the GCKS
   SHOULD return a NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN.  Other types of notifications can
   be AUTHORIZATION_FAILED or REGISTRATION_FAILED.

      Initiator (Member)                Responder (GCKS)
     --------------------              ------------------
                                <--    HDR, SK { IDr, [CERT, ] AUTH, N }

                     Figure 5: GSA_AUTH Error Response





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   If the group member finds the policy sent by the GCKS is
   unacceptable, the member SHOULD initiate GSA_REGISTRATION exchange
   sending IDg and the Notify NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN (see Section 1.4.2)).

1.4.2.  GSA_REGISTRATION Exchange

   When a secure channel is already established between a GM and the
   GCKS, the GM registration for a group can reuse the established
   secure channel.  In this scenario the GM will use the
   GSA_REGISTRATION exchange.  Payloads in the exchange are generated
   and processed as defined in Section 1.4.1.

       Initiator (Member)                Responder (GCKS)
      --------------------              ------------------
       HDR, SK {IDg, [SAg, ][N ] } -->
                                   <--  HDR, SK { GSA, KD, [D ] }

                Figure 6: GSA_REGISTRATION Normal Exchange

   As with GSA_AUTH exchange, the GCKS can reject the registration
   request when the IDg is invalid or authorization fails, or GM cannot
   support the security policy defined for the group (which can be
   concluded by GCKS by evaluation of SAg payload).  In this case the
   GCKS returns an appropriate error notification as described in
   Section 1.4.1.

       Initiator (Member)                Responder (GCKS)
      --------------------              ------------------
       HDR, SK {IDg, [SAg, ][N ] } -->
                                   <--    HDR, SK { N }

                 Figure 7: GSA_REGISTRATION Error Exchange

   This exchange can also be used if the group member finds the policy
   sent by the GCKS is unacceptable or for some reason wants to
   unregister itself from the group.  The group member SHOULD notify the
   GCKS by sending IDg and the Notify type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN or
   REGISTRATION_FAILED, as shown below.  The GCKS MUST unregister the
   group member.

       Initiator (Member)                 Responder (GCKS)
      --------------------               ------------------
       HDR, SK {IDg, N }      -->
                               <--        HDR, SK {}

        Figure 8: GM Reporting Errors in GSA_REGISTRATION Exchange





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1.4.3.  GM Registration Operations

   A G-IKEv2 Initiator (GM) requesting registration contacts the GCKS
   using the IKE_SA_INIT exchange and receives the response from the
   GCKS.  This exchange is unchanged from the IKE_SA_INIT in IKEv2
   protocol.

   Upon completion of parsing and verifying the IKE_SA_INIT response,
   the GM sends the GSA_AUTH message with the IKEv2 payloads from
   IKE_AUTH (without the SAi2, TSi and TSr payloads) along with the
   Group ID informing the GCKS of the group the initiator wishes to
   join.  An initiator intending to emit data traffic SHOULD send a
   SENDER Notify payload status.  The SENDER not only signifies that it
   is a sender, but provides the initiator the ability to request
   Sender-ID values, in case the Data Security SA supports a counter
   mode cipher.  Section 1.4.6) includes guidance on requesting Sender-
   ID values.

   An initiator may be limited in the types of Transforms that it is
   able or willing to use, and may find it useful to inform the GCKS
   which Transforms that it is willing to accept.  It can OPTIONALLY
   include an SAg payload, which can include ESP and/or AH Proposals.
   Each Proposal contains a list of Transforms that it is willing to
   support for that protocol.  A Proposal of type ESP can include ENCR,
   INTEG, and ESN Transforms.  A Proposal of type AH can include INTEG,
   and ESN Transforms.  The SPI length of each Proposal in an SAg is set
   to zero, and thus the SPI field is null.  The GCKS MUST ignore SPI
   field in the SAg payload.  Generally, a single Proposal of each type
   will suffice, because the group member is not negotiating Transform
   sets, simply alerting the GCKS to restrictions it may have, however
   if the GM has restrictions on combination of algorithms, this can be
   expressed by sending several proposals.

   Upon receiving the GSA_AUTH response, the initiator parses the
   response from the GCKS authenticating the exchange using the IKEv2
   method, then processes the GSA and KD.

   The GSA payload contains the security policy and cryptographic
   protocols used by the group.  This policy describes the Rekey SA
   (KEK), if present, Data-security SAs (TEK), and other group policy
   (GAP).  If the policy in the GSA payload is not acceptable to the GM,
   it SHOULD notify the GCKS by initiating a GSA_REGISTRATION exchange
   with a NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN Notify payload (see Section 1.4.2).  Note,
   that this should normally not happen if the GM includes SAg payload
   in the GSA_AUTH request and the GCKS takes it into account.  Finally
   the KD is parsed providing the keying material for the TEK and/or
   KEK.  The GM interprets the KD key packets, where each key packet
   includes the keying material for SAs distributed in the GSA payload.



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   Keying material is matched by comparing the SPIs in the key packets
   to SPIs previously included in the GSA payloads.  Once TEK keys and
   policy are matched, the GM provides them to the data security
   subsystem, and it is ready to send or receive packets matching the
   TEK policy.

   The GSA KEK policy MUST include KEK attribute KEK_MESSAGE_ID with a
   Message ID.  The Message ID in the KEK_MESSAGE_ID attribute MUST be
   checked against any previously received Message ID for this group.
   If it is less than the previously received number, it should be
   considered stale and ignored.  This could happen if two GSA_AUTH
   exchanges happened in parallel, and the Message ID changed.  This
   KEK_MESSAGE_ID is used by the GM to prevent GSA_REKEY message replay
   attacks.  The first GSA_REKEY message that the GM receives from the
   GCKS must have a Message ID greater or equal to the Message ID
   received in the KEK_MESSAGE_ID attribute.

   Once a GM has received GSA_REKEY policy during a registration the IKE
   SA may be closed.  However, the GM SHOULD NOT close IKE SA, it is the
   GCKS who makes the decision whether to close or keep it, because
   depending on the policy the IKE SA may be used for inband rekeying
   for small groups.

1.4.4.  GCKS Registration Operations

   A G-IKEv2 GCKS passively listens for incoming requests from group
   members.  When the GCKS receives an IKE_SA_INIT request, it selects
   an IKE proposal and generates a nonce and DH to include them in the
   IKE_SA_INIT response.

   Upon receiving the GSA_AUTH request, the GCKS authenticates the group
   member using the same procedures as in the IKEv2 IKE_AUTH.  The GCKS
   then authorizes the group member according to group policy before
   preparing to send the GSA_AUTH response.  If the GCKS fails to
   authorize the GM, it will respond with an AUTHORIZATION_FAILED notify
   message.

   The GSA_AUTH response will include the group policy in the GSA
   payload and keys in the KD payload.  If the GCKS policy includes a
   group rekey option, this policy is constructed in the GSA KEK and the
   key is constructed in the KD KEK.  The GSA KEK MUST include the
   KEK_MESSAGE_ID attribute, specifying the starting Message ID the GCKS
   will use when sending the GSA_REKEY message to the group member.
   This Message ID is used to prevent GSA_REKEY message replay attacks
   and will be increased each time a GSA_REKEY message is sent to the
   group.  The GCKS data traffic policy is included in the GSA TEK and
   keys are included in the KD TEK.  The GSA GAP MAY also be included to
   provide the ATD and/or DTD (Section 2.4.4.1) specifying activation



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   and deactivation delays for SAs generated from the TEKs.  If the
   group member has indicated that it is a sender of data traffic and
   one or more Data Security SAs distributed in the GSA payload included
   a counter mode of operation, the GCKS responds with one or more SIDs
   (see Section 1.4.6).

   If the GCKS receives a GSA_REGISTRATION exchange with a request to
   register a GM to a group, the GCKS will need to authorize the GM with
   the new group (IDg) and respond with the corresponding group policy
   and keys.  If the GCKS fails to authorize the GM, it will respond
   with the AUTHORIZATION_FAILED notification.

   If a group member includes an SAg in its GSA_AUTH or GSA_REGISTRATION
   request, the GCKS MAY evaluate it according to an implementation
   specific policy.

   o  The GCKS could evaluate the list of Transforms and compare it to
      its current policy for the group.  If the group member did not
      include all of the ESP or AH Transforms in its current policy,
      then it could return a NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN Notification.

   o  The GCKS could store the list of Transforms, with the goal of
      migrating the group policy to a different Transform when all of
      the group members indicate that they can support that Transform.

   o  The GCKS could store the list of Transforms and adjust the current
      group policy based on the capabilities of the devices as long as
      they fall within the acceptable security policy of the GCKS.

   Depending on its policy, the GCKS may have no need for the IKE SA
   (e.g., it does not plan to initiate an GSA_INBAND_REKEY exchange).
   If the GM does not initiate another registration exchange or Notify
   (e.g., NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN), and also does not close the IKE SA and
   the GCKS is not intended to use the SA, then after a short period of
   time the GCKS SHOULD close the IKEv2 SA.  The delay before closing
   provides for receipt of a GM's error notification in the event of
   packet loss.

1.4.5.  Group Maintenance Channel

   The GCKS is responsible for rekeying the secure group per the group
   policy.  Rekeying is an operation whereby the GCKS provides
   replacement TEKs and KEK, deleting TEKs, and/or excluding group
   members.  The GCKS may initiate a rekey message if group membership
   and/or policy has changed, or if the keys are about to expire.  Two
   forms of group maintenance channels are provided in G-IKEv2 to push
   new policy to group members.




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   GSA_REKEY  The GSA_REKEY exchange is an exchange initiated by the
      GCKS, where the rekey policy is usually delivered to group members
      using IP multicast as a transport.  This is valuable for large and
      dynamic groups, and where policy may change frequently and an
      scalable rekeying method is required.  When the GSA_REKEY exchange
      is used, the IKEv2 SA protecting the member registration exchanges
      is terminated, and group members await policy changes from the
      GCKS via the GSA_REKEY exchange.

   GSA_INBAND_REKEY  The GSA_INBAND_REKEY exchange is a rekey method
      using the IKEv2 SA that was setup to protecting the member
      registration exchange.  This exchange allows the GCKS to rekey
      without using an independent GSA_REKEY exchange.  The
      GSA_INBAND_REKEY exchange is useful when G-IKEv2 is used with a
      small group of cooperating devices.

1.4.5.1.  GSA_REKEY Exchange

   The GCKS initiates the G-IKEv2 Rekey securely, usually using IP
   multicast.  Since this rekey does not require a response and it sends
   to multiple GMs, G-IKEv2 rekeying MUST NOT support IKE SA windowing.
   The GCKS rekey message replaces the rekey GSA KEK or KEK array, and/
   or creates a new Data-Security GSA TEK.  The SID Download attribute
   in the Key Download payload (defined in Section 2.5.4) MUST NOT be
   part of the Rekey Exchange as this is sender specific information and
   the Rekey Exchange is group specific.  The GCKS initiates the
   GSA_REKEY exchange as following:

       Members (Responder)            GCKS (Initiator)
      --------------------           ------------------
                              <--     HDR, SK { GSA, KD, [D,] [AUTH] }

                       Figure 9: GSA_REKEY Exchange

   HDR is defined in Section 2.1.  The Message ID in this message will
   start with the same value the GCKS sent to the group members in the
   KEK attribute KEK_MESSAGE_ID during registration; this Message ID
   will be increased each time a new GSA_REKEY message is sent to the
   group members.

   The GSA payload contains the current rekey and data security SAs.
   The GSA may contain a new rekey SA and/or a new data security SA,
   which, optionally contains an LKH rekey SA, Section 2.4.

   The KD payload contains the keys for the policy included in the GSA.
   If the data security SA is being refreshed in this rekey message, the
   IPsec keys are updated in the KD, and/or if the rekey SA is being




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   refreshed in this rekey message, the rekey Key or the LKH KEK array
   is updated in the KD payload.

   A Delete payload MAY be included to instruct the GM to delete
   existing SAs.

   The AUTH payload MUST be included to authenticate the GSA_REKEY
   message if the authentication method is based on public key
   signatures and MUST NOT be included if it is based on shared secret.
   In a latter case, the fact that a GM can decrypt the GSA_REKEY
   message and verify its ICV proves that the sender of this message
   knows the current KEK, thus authenticating that the sender is a
   member of the group.  Shared secret authentication doesen't provide
   source origin authentication.  For this reason using it as
   authentication method for multicast Rekey is NOT RECOMMENDED unless
   source origin authentication is not required (for example, in a small
   group of highly trusted GMs).  If AUTH payload is included then the
   Auth Method field MUST be one specifying using digital signatures.

   During group member registration, the GCKS sends the authentication
   key in the GSA KEK payload, KEK_AUTH_KEY attribute, which the group
   member uses to authenticate the key server.  Before the current
   Authentication Key expires, the GCKS will send a new KEK_AUTH_KEY to
   the group members in a GSA_REKEY message.  The AUTH key that is used
   in the rekey message may be not the same as the authentication key
   used in GSA_AUTH.

1.4.5.1.1.  GSA_REKEY GCKS Operations

   The GCKS builds the rekey message with a Message ID value that is one
   greater than the value included in the previous rekey.  If the
   message is using a new KEK attribute, the Message ID is reset to 1 in
   this message.  The GSA, KD, and D payloads follow with the same
   characteristics as in the GSA Registration exchange.

   If present the AUTH payload is created as follows.  First the message
   is prepared, all payloads are formed and included in the message, but
   the content of the Encrypted payload is not yet encrypted.  However,
   the Encrypted payload must be fully formed, including correct values
   in IV, Padding and Pad Length and fields.  The AUTH payload is
   included in the message with the correct values in the Payload Header
   (including Next Payload, Payload Length and Auth Method fields).  The
   Authentication Data field is zeroed for the purposes of signature
   calculation, but if Digiatal Signature authentication method is in
   use, then the ASN.1 Length and the AlgorithmIdentifier fields must be
   properly filled in, see [RFC7427].  The signature is computed using
   the signature algorithm from the KEK_AUTH_METHOD attribute (along
   with the KEK_AUTH_HASH if KEK_AUTH_METHOD is not Digital Signature)



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   and the private key corresponding to the public key from the
   KEK_AUTH_KEY attribute.  It is computed over the block of data
   starting from the first octet of IKE Header (but non including non-
   ESP marker if it is present) to the last octet of the (not yet
   encrypted) Encrypted Payload (i.e. up to and including Pad Length
   field).  Then the signature is placed into the Signature Value of the
   AUTH payload, the content of the Encrypted payload is encrypted and
   the ICV is computed using current KEK keys.

   Because GSA_REKEY messages are not acknowledged and could be
   discarded by the network, one or more GMs may not receive the
   message.  To mitigate such lost messages, during a rekey event the
   GCKS may transmit several GSA_REKEY messages with the new policy.
   The retransmitted messages MUST be bitwise identical and SHOULD be
   sent within a short time interval (a few seconds) to ensure that
   time-to-live would not not substantially skewed for the GMs that
   would receive different copies of the messages.

   GCKS may also include one or several KEK_NEXT_SPI/TEK_NEXT_SPI
   attributes specifying SPIs for the prospected rekeys, so that
   listening GMs are able to detect lost rekey messages and recover from
   this situation.  See Sections Section 2.4.2.1.6 and Section 2.4.3.1.4
   for more detail.

1.4.5.1.2.  GSA_REKEY GM Operations

   When a group member receives the Rekey Message from the GCKS it
   decrypts the message using the current KEK, validates the signature
   using the public key retrieved in a previous G-IKEv2 exchange if AUTH
   payload is present, verifies the Message ID, and processes the GSA
   and KD payloads.  The group member then downloads the new data
   security SA and/or new Rekey SA.  The parsing of the payloads is
   identical to the parsing done in the registration exchange.

   Replay protection is achieved by a group member rejecting a GSA_REKEY
   message which has a Message ID smaller than the current Message ID
   that the GM is expecting.  The GM expects the Message ID in the first
   GSA_REKEY message it receives to be equal or greater than the message
   id it receives in the KEK_MESSAGE_ID attribute.  The GM expects the
   message ID in subsequent GSA_REKEY messages to be greater than the
   last valid GSA_REKEY message ID it received.

   If the GSA payload includes a Data-Security SA including a counter-
   modes of operation and the receiving group member is a sender for
   that SA, the group member uses its current SID value with the Data-
   Security SAs to create counter-mode nonces.  If it is a sender and
   does not hold a current SID value, it MUST NOT install the Data-
   Security SAs.  It MAY initiate a GSA_REGISTRATION exchange to the



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   GCKS in order to obtain an SID value (along with current group
   policy).

   Once a new Rekey SA is installed as a result of GSA_REKEY message,
   the current Rekey SA (over which the message was received) MUST be
   silently deleted after waiting DEACTIVATION_TIME_DELAY interval
   regardless of its expiration time.  If the GSA TEK payload includes
   TEK_REKEY_SPI attribute then after installing a new Data-Security SA
   the old one, identified by the SPI in this attribute, MUST be
   silently deleted after waiting DEACTIVATION_TIME_DELAY interval
   regardless of its expiration time.

   If a Data-Security SA is not rekeyed yet and is about to expire (a
   "soft lifetime" expiration is described in Section 4.4.2.1 of
   [RFC4301]), the GM SHOULD initiate a registration to the GCKS.  This
   registration serves as a request for current SAs, and will result in
   the download of replacement SAs, assuming the GCKS policy has created
   them.  A GM SHOULD also initiate a registration request if a Rekey SA
   is about to expire and not yet replaced with a new one.

1.4.5.1.3.  Forward and Backward Access Control

   Through the G-IKEv2 rekey, G-IKEv2 supports algorithms such as LKH
   that have the property of denying access to a new group key by a
   member removed from the group (forward access control) and to an old
   group key by a member added to the group (backward access control).
   An unrelated notion to PFS, "forward access control" and "backward
   access control" have been called "perfect forward security" and
   "perfect backward security" in the literature [RFC2627].

   Group management algorithms providing forward and backward access
   control other than LKH have been proposed in the literature,
   including OFT [OFT] and Subset Difference [NNL].  These algorithms
   could be used with G-IKEv2, but are not specified as a part of this
   document.

   Support for group management algorithms are supported via the
   KEY_MANAGEMENT_ALGORITHM attribute which is sent in the GSA KEK
   policy.  G-IKEv2 specifies one method by which LKH can be used for
   forward and backward access control.  Other methods of using LKH, as
   well as other group management algorithms such as OFT or Subset
   Difference may be added to G-IKEv2 as part of a later document.

1.4.5.1.3.1.  Forward Access Control Requirements

   When group membership is altered using a group management algorithm
   new GSA TEKs (and their associated keys) are usually also needed.




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   New GSAs and keys ensure that members who were denied access can no
   longer participate in the group.

   If forward access control is a desired property of the group, new GSA
   TEKs and the associated key packets in the KD payload MUST NOT be
   included in a G-IKEv2 rekey message which changes group membership.
   This is required because the GSA TEK policy and the associated key
   packets in the KD payload are not protected with the new KEK.  A
   second G-IKEv2 rekey message can deliver the new GSA TEKS and their
   associated key packets because it will be protected with the new KEK,
   and thus will not be visible to the members who were denied access.

   If forward access control policy for the group includes keeping group
   policy changes from members that are denied access to the group, then
   two sequential G-IKEv2 rekey messages changing the group KEK MUST be
   sent by the GCKS.  The first G-IKEv2 rekey message creates a new KEK
   for the group.  Group members, which are denied access, will not be
   able to access the new KEK, but will see the group policy since the
   G-IKEv2 rekey message is protected under the current KEK.  A
   subsequent G-IKEv2 rekey message containing the changed group policy
   and again changing the KEK allows complete forward access control.  A
   G-IKEv2 rekey message MUST NOT change the policy without creating a
   new KEK.

   If other methods of using LKH or other group management algorithms
   are added to G-IKEv2, those methods MAY remove the above restrictions
   requiring multiple G-IKEv2 rekey messages, providing those methods
   specify how the forward access control policy is maintained within a
   single G-IKEv2 rekey message.

1.4.5.1.4.  Fragmentation

   IKE fragmentation [RFC7383] can be used to perform fragmentation of
   large GSA_REKEY messages, however when the GSA_REKEY message is
   emitted as an IP multicast packet there is a lack of response from
   the GMs.  This has the following implications.

   o  Policy regarding the use of IKE fragmentation is implicit.  If a
      GCKS detects that all GMs have negotiated support of IKE
      fragmentation in IKE_SA_INIT, then it MAY use IKE fragmentation on
      large GSA_REKEY exchange messages.

   o  The GCKS must always use IKE fragmentation based on a known
      fragmentation threshold (unspecified in this memo), as there is no
      way to check if fragmentation is needed by first sending
      unfragmented messages and waiting for response.





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   o  PMTU probing cannot be performed due to lack of GSA_REKEY response
      message.

1.4.5.2.  GSA_INBAND_REKEY Exchange

   When the IKEv2 SA protecting the member registration exchange is
   maintained while group member participates in the group, the GCKS can
   use the GSA_INBAND_REKEY exchange to individually provide policy
   updates to the group member.

      Member (Responder)            GCKS (Initiator)
     --------------------          ------------------
                            <--     HDR, SK { GSA, KD, [D,] }
      HDR, SK {}            -->

                   Figure 10: GSA_INBAND_REKEY Exchange

   Because this is an IKEv2 exchange, the HDR is treated as defined in
   [RFC7296].

1.4.5.2.1.  GSA_INBAND_REKEY GCKS Operations

   The GSA, KD, and D payloads are built in the same manner as in a
   registration exchange.

1.4.5.2.2.  GSA_INBAND_REKEY GM Operations

   The GM processes the GSA, KD, and D payloads in the same manner as if
   they were received in a registration exchange.

1.4.5.3.  Deletion of SAs

   There are occasions when the GCKS may want to signal to group members
   to delete policy at the end of a broadcast, or if group policy has
   changed.  Deletion of keys MAY be accomplished by sending the G-IKEv2
   Delete Payload [RFC7296], section 3.11 as part of the GSA_REKEY
   Exchange as shown below.

      Members (Responder)         GCKS (Initiator)
     --------------------        ------------------
                         <--    HDR, SK { [GSA ], [KD ], [D, ] [AUTH ] }

                    Figure 11: SA Deletion in GSA_REKEY

   The GSA MAY specify the remaining active time of the remaining policy
   by using the DTD attribute in the GSA GAP.  If a GCKS has no further
   SAs to send to group members, the GSA and KD payloads MUST be omitted
   from the message.  There may be circumstances where the GCKS may want



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   to start over with a clean slate.  If the administrator is no longer
   confident in the integrity of the group, the GCKS can signal deletion
   of all the policies of a particular TEK protocol by sending a TEK
   with a SPI value equal to zero in the delete payload.  For example,
   if the GCKS wishes to remove all the KEKs and all the TEKs in the
   group, the GCKS SHOULD send a Delete payload with a SPI of zero and a
   protocol_id of a TEK protocol_id value defined in Section 2.4.3,
   followed by another Delete payload with a SPI of zero and protocol_id
   of zero, indicating that the KEK SA should be deleted.

1.4.6.  Counter-based modes of operation

   Several new counter-based modes of operation have been specified for
   ESP (e.g., AES-CTR [RFC3686], AES-GCM [RFC4106], AES-CCM [RFC4309],
   AES-GMAC [RFC4543]) and AH (e.g., AES-GMAC [RFC4543]).  These
   counter-based modes require that no two senders in the group ever
   send a packet with the same Initialization Vector (IV) using the same
   cipher key and mode.  This requirement is met in G-IKEv2 when the
   following requirements are met:

   o The GCKS distributes a unique key for each Data-Security SA.

   o The GCKS uses the method described in [RFC6054], which assigns each
   sender a portion of the IV space by provisioning each sender with one
   or more unique SID values.

1.4.6.1.  Allocation of SIDs

   When at least one Data-Security SA included in the group policy
   includes a counter-based mode of operation, the GCKS automatically
   allocates and distributes one SID to each group member acting in the
   role of sender on the Data-Security SA.  The SID value is used
   exclusively by the group member to which it was allocated.  The group
   member uses the same SID for each Data-Security SA specifying the use
   of a counter-based mode of operation.  A GCKS MUST distribute unique
   keys for each Data-Security SA including a counter-based mode of
   operation in order to maintain unique key and nonce usage.

   During registration, the group member can choose to request one or
   more SID values.  Requesting a value of 1 is not necessary since the
   GCKS will automatically allocate exactly one to the group member.  A
   group member MUST request as many SIDs matching the number of
   encryption modules in which it will be installing the TEKs in the
   outbound direction.  Alternatively, a group member MAY request more
   than one SID and use them serially.  This could be useful when it is
   anticipated that the group member will exhaust their range of Data-
   Security SA nonces using a single SID too quickly (e.g., before the
   time-based policy in the TEK expires).



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   When the group policy includes a counter-based mode of operation, a
   GCKS SHOULD use the following method to allocate SID values, which
   ensures that each SID will be allocated to just one group member.

   1.  A GCKS maintains an SID-counter, which records the SIDs that have
   been allocated.  SIDs are allocated sequentially, with zero as the
   first allocated SID.

   2.  Each time an SID is allocated, the current value of the counter
   is saved and allocated to the group member.  The SID-counter is then
   incremented in preparation for the next allocation.

   3.  When the GCKS specifies a counter-based mode of operation in the
   Data Security SA a group member may request a count of SIDs during
   registration in a Notify payload information of type SENDER.  When
   the GCKS receives this request, it increments the SID-counter once
   for each requested SID, and distributes each SID value to the group
   member.  The GCKS SHOULD have a policy-defined upper bound for the
   number of SIDs that it will return irrespective of the number
   requested by the GM.

   4.  A GCKS allocates new SID values for each GSA_REGISTRATION
   exchange originated by a sender, regardless of whether a group member
   had previously contacted the GCKS.  In this way, the GCKS is not
   required to maintaining a record of which SID values it had
   previously allocated to each group member.  More importantly, since
   the GCKS cannot reliably detect whether the group member had sent
   data on the current group Data-Security SAs it does not know what
   Data-Security counter-mode nonce values that a group member has used.
   By distributing new SID values, the key server ensures that each time
   a conforming group member installs a Data-Security SA it will use a
   unique set of counter-based mode nonces.

   5.  When the SID-counter maintained by the GCKS reaches its final SID
   value, no more SID values can be distributed.  Before distributing
   any new SID values, the GCKS MUST delete the Data-Security SAs for
   the group, followed by creation of new Data-Security SAs, and
   resetting the SID-counter to its initial value.

   6.  The GCKS SHOULD send a GSA_REKEY message deleting all Data-
   Security SAs and the Rekey SA for the group.  This will result in the
   group members initiating a new GSA_REGISTRATION exchange, in which
   they will receive both new SID values and new Data-Security SAs.  The
   new SID values can safely be used because they are only used with the
   new Data-Security SAs.  Note that deletion of the Rekey SA is
   necessary to ensure that group members receiving a GSA_REKEY exchange
   before the re-register do not inadvertently use their old SIDs with
   the new Data-Security SAs.  Using the method above, at no time can



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   two group members use the same IV values with the same Data-Security
   SA key.

1.4.6.2.  GM Usage of SIDs

   A GM applies the SID to Data Security SA as follows.

   1.  The most significant bits NUMBER_OF_SID_BITS of the IV are taken
   to be the SID field of the IV.

   2.  The SID is placed in the least significant bits of the SID field,
   where any unused most significant bits are set to zero.  If the SID
   value doesn't fit into the NUMBER_OF_SID_BITS bits, then the GM MUST
   treat this as a fatal error and re-register to the group.

1.5.  Interaction with IKEv2 Protocol Extensions

   IKEv2 defines a number of extensions that can be used to extend
   protocol functionality.  G-IKEv2 is compatible with most of such
   extensions.  In particular, EAP authentication defined in [RFC7296]
   can be used to establish registration IKE SA, as well as Secure
   Password authentication ([RFC6467]).  G-IKEv2 is compatible with and
   can use IKEv2 Session Resumption [RFC5723] except that a GM would
   include the initial ticket request in a GSA_AUTH exchange instead of
   an IKE_AUTH exchange.  G-IKEv2 is also compatible with Quantum Safe
   Key Exchange framework, defined in
   [I-D.tjhai-ipsecme-hybrid-qske-ikev2].

   Some IKEv2 extensions however require special handling if used in
   G-IKEv2.

1.5.1.  Postquantum Preshared Keys for IKEv2

   G-IKEv2 can take advantage of the protection provided by Postquantum
   Preshared Keys (PPK) for IKEv2 [I-D.ietf-ipsecme-qr-ikev2].  However,
   the use of PPK leaves the initial IKE SA susceptible to quantum
   computer (QC) attacks.  So, if PPK was used for IKE SA setup, the
   GCKS MUST NOT send GSA and KD payloads in the GSA_AUTH response
   message.  Instead, the GCKS MUST return a new notification
   REKEY_IS_NEEDED.  Upon receiving this notification in the GSA_AUTH
   response the GM MUST perform an IKE SA rekey and then initiate a new
   GSA_REGISTRATION request for the same group.  Below are possible
   scenarios involving using PPK.

   GM begins IKE_SA_INIT requesting PPK, and GCKS responds with
   willingness to do it, or aborts according to its "mandatory_or_not"
   flag:




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   Initiator (Member)                Responder (GCKS)
   --------------------              ------------------
   HDR, SAi1, KEi, Ni, N(USE_PPK) --->
                               <--- HDR, SAr1, KEr, Nr, [CERTREQ],
                                    N(USE_PPK)

           Figure 12: IKE_SA_INIT Exchange requesting using PPK

   GM begins GSA_AUTH with PPK_ID; if using PPK is not mandatory for the
   GM, N(NO_PPK_AUTH) is included too:

   Initiator (Member)                Responder (GCKS)
   --------------------              ------------------
   HDR, SK {IDi, AUTH, IDg,
   N(PPK_IDENTITY), N(NO_PPK_AUTH) } --->

                   Figure 13: GSA_AUTH Request using PPK

   If GCKS has no such PPK and using PPK is not mandatory for it and
   N(NO_PPK_AUTH) is included, then the GCKS continues w/o PPK; in this
   case no rekey is needed:

   Initiator (Member)                Responder (GCKS)
   --------------------              ------------------
                               <--- HDR, SK { IDr, AUTH, GSA, KD }

                 Figure 14: GSA_AUTH Response using no PPK

   If GCKS has no such PPK and either N(NO_PPK_AUTH) is missing or using
   PPK is mandatory for GCKS, the GCKS aborts the exchange:

   Initiator (Member)                Responder (GCKS)
   --------------------              ------------------
                               <--- HDR, SK { N(AUTHENTICATION_FAILED) }

                    Figure 15: GSA_AUTH Error Response

   Assuming GCKS has a proper PPK the GCKS continues with request to GM
   to immediately perform a rekey:

   Initiator (Member)                Responder (GCKS)
   --------------------              ------------------
                               <--- HDR, SK{IDr, AUTH, N(PPK_IDENTITY),
                                    N(REKEY_IS_NEEDED) }

                  Figure 16: GSA_AUTH Response using PPK





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   GM initiates CREATE_CHILD_SA to rekey IKE SA and then makes a new
   registration request for the same group over the new IKE SA:

   Initiator (Member)                Responder (GCKS)
   --------------------              ------------------
   HDR, SK {SA, Ni, KEi } --->
                               <--- HDR, SK {SA, Nr, KEr }
   HDR, SK {IDg } --->
                               <--- HDR, SK { GSA, KD }

     Figure 17: Rekeying IKE SA followed by GSA_REGISTRATION Exchange

2.  Header and Payload Formats

   Refer to IKEv2 [RFC7296] for existing payloads.  Some payloads used
   in G-IKEv2 exchanges are not aligned to 4-octet boundaries, which is
   also the case for some IKEv2 payloads (see Section 3.2 of [RFC7296]).

2.1.  The G-IKEv2 Header

   G-IKEv2 uses the same IKE header format as specified in [RFC7296]
   section 3.1.

   Several new payload formats are required in the group security
   exchanges.

                 Next Payload Type                   Value
                 -----------------                   -----
                 Group Identification (IDg)           50
                 Group Security Association (GSA)     51
                 Key Download (KD)                    52

   New exchange types GSA_AUTH, GSA_REGISTRATION and GSA_REKEY are added
   to the IKEv2 [RFC7296] protocol.

                       Exchange Type           Value
                       --------------          -----
                       GSA_AUTH                 39
                       GSA_REGISTRATION         40
                       GSA_REKEY                41
                       GSA_INBAND_REKEY        TBD

   Major Version is 2 and Minor Version is 0 as in IKEv2 [RFC7296].  IKE
   SA Initiator's SPI, IKE SA Responder's SPI, Flags, Message ID, and
   Length are as specified in [RFC7296].






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2.2.  Group Identification (IDg) Payload

   The IDg Payload allows the group member to indicate which group it
   wants to join.  The payload is constructed by using the IKEv2
   Identification Payload (section 3.5 of [RFC7296]).  ID type ID_KEY_ID
   MUST be supported.  ID types ID_IPV4_ADDR, ID_FQDN, ID_RFC822_ADDR,
   ID_IPV6_ADDR SHOULD be supported.  ID types ID_DER_ASN1_DN and
   ID_DER_ASN1_GN are not expected to be used.

2.3.  Security Association - GM Supported Transforms (SAg)

   The SAg payload declares which Transforms a GM is willing to accept.
   The payload is constructed using the format of the IKEv2 Security
   Association payload (section 3.3 of [RFC7296]).  The Payload Type for
   SAg is identical to the SA Payload Type (33).

2.4.  Group Security Association Payload

   The Group Security Association payload is used by the GCKS to assert
   security attributes for both Rekey and Data-security SAs.

                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Next Payload  |C|   RESERVED  |         Payload Length        |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                       Figure 18: GSA Payload Format

   The Security Association Payload fields are defined as follows:

   o  Next Payload (1 octet) -- Identifies the next payload type for the
      G-IKEv2 registration or the G-IKEv2 rekey message.

   o  Critical (1 bit) -- Set according to [RFC7296].

   o  RESERVED (7 bits) -- Must be zero.

   o  Payload Length (2 octets) -- Is the octet length of the current
      payload including the generic header and all TEK and KEK policies.

2.4.1.  GSA Policy

   Following the GSA generic payload header are GSA policies for group
   rekeying (KEK), data traffic SAs (TEK) and/or Group Associated Policy
   (GAP).  There may be zero or one GSA KEK policy, zero or one GAP
   policies, and zero or more GSA TEK policies, where either one GSA KEK
   or GSA TEK payload MUST be present.



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   This latitude allows various group policies to be accommodated.  For
   example if the group policy does not require the use of a Rekey SA,
   the GCKS would not need to send a GSA KEK attribute to the group
   member since all SA updates would be performed using the Registration
   SA.  Alternatively, group policy might use a Rekey SA but choose to
   download a KEK to the group member only as part of the Registration
   SA.  Therefore, the GSA KEK policy would not be necessary as part of
   the GSA_REKEY message.

   Specifying multiple GSA TEKs allows multiple related data streams
   (e.g., video, audio, and text) to be associated with a session, but
   each protected with an individual security association policy.

   A GAP payload allows for the distribution of group-wise policy, such
   as instructions for when to activate and de-activate SAs.

   Policies are distributed in substructures to the GSA payload, and
   include the following header.

                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |    Type       |   RESERVED    |            Length             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                Figure 19: GSA Policy Generic Header Format

   The payload fields are defined as follows:

   o  Type (1 octet) -- Identifies the substructure type.  In the
      following table the terms Reserved, Unassigned, and Private Use
      are to be applied as defined in [RFC8126].  The registration
      procedure is Expert Review.

                            Type          Value
                          --------        -----
                          Reserved          0
                          KEK               1
                          GAP               2
                          TEK               3
                          Unassigned       4-127
                          Private Use    128-255

   o  RESERVED (1 octet) -- Unused, set to zero.

   o  Length (2 octets) -- Length in octets of the substructure,
      including its header.




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2.4.2.  KEK Policy

   The GSA KEK policy contains security attributes for the KEK method
   for a group and parameters specific to the G-IKEv2 registration
   operation.  The source and destination traffic selectors describe the
   network identities used for the rekey messages.

                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |    Type = 1   |   RESERVED    |            Length             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      ~                              SPI                              ~
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      ~                 <Source Traffic Selector>                     ~
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      ~               <Destination Traffic Selector>                  ~
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      ~               <Transform Substructure List>                   ~
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      ~                        KEK Attributes                         ~
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                       Figure 20: KEK Policy Format

   The GSA KEK Payload fields are defined as follows:

   o  Type = 1 (1 octet) -- Identifies the GSA payload type as KEK in
      the G-IKEv2 registration or the G-IKEv2 rekey message.

   o  RESERVED (1 octet) -- Must be zero.

   o  Length (2 octets) -- Length of this structure including KEK
      attributes.

   o  SPI (16 octets) -- Security Parameter Index for the rekey message.
      The SPI must be the IKEv2 Header SPI pair where the first 8 octets
      become the "Initiator's SPI" field in the G-IKEv2 rekey message
      IKEv2 HDR, and the second 8 octets become the "Responder's SPI" in
      the same HDR.  As described above, these SPIs are assigned by the



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      GCKS.  When selecting SPI the GCKS MUST make sure that the sole
      first 8 octets (corresponding to "Initiator's SPI" field in the
      IKEv2 header) uniquely identify the Rekey SA.

   o  Source & Destination Traffic Selectors - Substructures describing
      the source and destination of the network identities.  These
      identities refer to the source and destination of the next KEK
      rekey SA.  Defined format and values are specified by IKEv2
      [RFC7296], section 3.13.1.

   o  Transform Substructure List -- A list of Transform Substructures
      specifies the transform information.  The format is defined in
      IKEv2 [RFC7296], section 3.3.2, and values are described in the
      IKEv2 registries [IKEV2-IANA].  Valid Transform Types are ENCR,
      INTEG.  The Last Substruc value in each Transform Substructure
      will be set to 3 except for the last one in the list, which is set
      to 0.

   o  KEK Attributes -- Contains KEK policy attributes associated with
      the group.  The following sections describe the possible
      attributes.  Any or all attributes may be optional, depending on
      the group policy.

2.4.2.1.  KEK Attributes

   The following attributes may be present in a GSA KEK policy.  The
   attributes must follow the format defined in the IKEv2 [RFC7296]
   section 3.3.5.  In the table, attributes that are defined as TV are
   marked as Basic (B); attributes that are defined as TLV are marked as
   Variable (V).  The terms Reserved, Unassigned, and Private Use are to
   be applied as defined in [RFC8126].  The registration procedure is
   Expert Review.

           KEK Attributes             Value    Type    Mandatory
           --------------             -----    ----    ---------
           Reserved                     0
           KEK_MANAGEMENT_ALGORITHM     1        B        N
           Reserved                     2
           Reserved                     3
           KEK_KEY_LIFETIME             4        V        Y
           Reserved                     5
           KEK_AUTH_METHOD              6        B        Y
           KEK_AUTH_HASH                7        B        N
           KEK_MESSAGE_ID               8        V        Y (*)
           KEK_NEXT_SPI                 9        V        N
           Unassigned                 10-16383
           Private Use             16384-32767




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   (*) the KEK_MESSAGE_ID MUST be included in a G-IKEv2 registration
   message and MUST NOT be included in rekey messages.

   The following attributes may only be included in a G-IKEv2
   registration message: KEK_MANAGEMENT_ALGORITHM, KEK_MESSAGE_ID.

2.4.2.1.1.  KEK_MANAGEMENT_ALGORITHM

   The KEK_MANAGEMENT_ALGORITHM attribute specifies the group KEK
   management algorithm used to provide forward or backward access
   control (i.e., used to exclude group members).  Defined values are
   specified in the following table.  The terms Reserved, Unassigned,
   and Private Use are to be applied as defined in [RFC8126].  The
   registration procedure is Expert Review.

                  KEK Management Type               Value
                  -------------------               -----
                  Reserved                            0
                  LKH                                 1
                  Unassigned                         2-16383
                  Private Use                    16384-32767

2.4.2.1.2.  KEK_KEY_LIFETIME

   The KEK_KEY_LIFETIME attribute specifies the maximum time for which
   the KEK is valid.  The GCKS may refresh the KEK at any time before
   the end of the valid period.  The value is a four (4) octet number
   defining a valid time period in seconds.

2.4.2.1.3.  KEK_AUTH_METHOD

   The KEK_AUTH_METHOD attribute specifies the method of authentication
   used.  This value is from the IKEv2 Authentication Method registry
   [IKEV2-IANA].  The method must either specify using some public key
   signatures or Shared Key Message Integrity Code.  Other
   authentication methods MUST NOT be used.

2.4.2.1.4.  KEK_AUTH_HASH

   The KEK_AUTH_HASH attribute specifies the hash algorithm used to
   generate the AUTH key to authenticate GSA_REKEY messages.  Hash
   algorithms are defined in IANA registry IKEv2 Hash Algorithms
   [IKEV2-IANA].

   This attribute SHOULD NOT be sent if the KEK_AUTH_METHOD implies a
   particular hash algorithm (e.g., for DSA-based algorithms).
   Furthermore, it is not necessary for the GCKS to send it if the GM is
   known to support the algorithm because it declared it in a



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   SIGNATURE_HASH_ALGORITHMS notification during registration (see
   [RFC7427]).

2.4.2.1.5.  KEK_MESSAGE_ID

   The KEK_MESSAGE_ID attribute defines the initial Message ID to be
   used by the GCKS in the GSA_REKEY messages.  The Message ID is a 4
   octet unsigned integer in network byte order.

2.4.2.1.6.  KEK_NEXT_SPI

   The KEK_NEXT_SPI attribute may optionally be included by GCKS in
   GSA_REKEY message, indicating what IKE SPIs are intended be used for
   the next rekey SA.  The attribute data MUST be 16 octets in length
   specifying the pair of IKE SPIs as they appear in the IKE header.
   Multiple attributes of this type MAY be included, meaning that any of
   the supplied SPIs can be used for the next rekey.

   The GM may save these values and if later the GM starts receiving IKE
   messages with one of these SPIs without seeing a rekey message over
   the current rekey SA, this may be used as an indication, that the
   rekey message was lost on its way to this GM.  In this case the GM
   SHOULD re-register to the group.

   Note, that this method of detecting missed rekeys can only be used by
   passive GMs, i.e. those, that only listen and don't send data.  It's
   also no point to include this attribute in the GSA_INBAND_REKEY
   messages, since they use reliable transport.  Note also, that the
   GCKS is free to forget its promises and not to use the SPIs it sent
   in the KEK_NEXT_SPI attributes before (e.g. in case of GCKS reboot),
   so the GM must only treat these information as a "best effort" made
   by GCKS to prepare for future rekeys.

2.4.3.  GSA TEK Policy

   The GSA TEK policy contains security attributes for a single TEK
   associated with a group.














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                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |    Type = 3   |   RESERVED    |            Length             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Protocol-ID   |       TEK Protocol-Specific Payload           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               ~
      ~                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                Figure 21: TEK Policy Generic Header Format

   The GSA TEK Payload fields are defined as follows:

   o  Type = 3 (1 octet) -- Identifies the GSA payload type as TEK in
      the G-IKEv2 registration or the G-IKEv2 rekey message.

   o  RESERVED (1 octet) -- Must be zero.

   o  Length (2 octets) -- Length of this structure, including the TEK
      Protocol-Specific Payload.

   o  Protocol-ID (1 octet) -- Value specifying the Security Protocol.
      The following table defines values for the Security Protocol.
      Support for the GSA_PROTO_IPSEC_AH GSA TEK is OPTIONAL.  The terms
      Reserved, Unassigned, and Private Use are to be applied as defined
      in [RFC8126].  The registration procedure is Expert Review.

                 Protocol ID                       Value
                 -----------                       -----
                 Reserved                            0
                 GSA_PROTO_IPSEC_ESP                 1
                 GSA_PROTO_IPSEC_AH                  2
                 Unassigned                         3-127
                 Private Use                      128-255

   o  TEK Protocol-Specific Payload (variable) -- Payload which
      describes the attributes specific for the Protocol-ID.

2.4.3.1.  TEK ESP and AH Protocol-Specific Policy

   The TEK Protocol-Specific policy contains two traffic selectors one
   for the source and one for the destination of the protected traffic,
   SPI, Transforms, and Attributes.

   The TEK Protocol-Specific policy for ESP and AH is as follows:





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                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                             SPI                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      ~                 <Source Traffic Selector>                     ~
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      ~               <Destination Traffic Selector>                  ~
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      ~               <Transform Substructure List>                   ~
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      ~                        TEK Attributes                         ~
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                  Figure 22: AH and ESP TEK Policy Format

   The GSA TEK Policy fields are defined as follows:

   o  SPI (4 octets) -- Security Parameter Index.

   o  Source & Destination Traffic Selectors - The traffic selectors
      describe the source and the destination of the protected traffic.
      The format and values are defined in IKEv2 [RFC7296], section
      3.13.1.

   o  Transform Substructure List -- A list of Transform Substructures
      specifies the transform information.  The format is defined in
      IKEv2 [RFC7296], section 3.3.2, and values are described in the
      IKEv2 registries [IKEV2-IANA].  Valid Transform Types for ESP are
      ENCR, INTEG, and ESN.  Valid Transform Types for AH are INTEG and
      ESN.  The Last Substruc value in each Transform Substructure will
      be set to 3 except for the last one in the list, which is set to
      0.  A Transform Substructure with attributes (e.g., the ENCR Key
      Length), they are included within the Transform Substructure as
      usual.

   o  TEK Attributes -- Contains the TEK policy attributes associated
      with the group, in the format defined in Section 3.3.5 of
      [RFC7296].  All attributes are optional, depending on the group
      policy.





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   Attribute Types are as follows.  The terms Reserved, Unassigned, and
   Private Use are to be applied as defined in [RFC8126].  The
   registration procedure is Expert Review.

           TEK Attributes             Value    Type    Mandatory
           --------------             -----    ----    ---------
           Reserved                     0
           TEK_KEY_LIFETIME             1        V        N
           TEK_MODE                     2        B        Y
           TEK_REKEY_SPI                3        V        N
           TEK_NEXT_SPI                 4        V        N
           Unassigned                  5-16383
           Private Use             16384-32767

   It is NOT RECOMMENDED that the GCKS distribute both ESP and AH
   Protocol-Specific Policies for the same set of Traffic Selectors.

2.4.3.1.1.  TEK_KEY_LIFETIME

   The TEK_KEY_LIFETIME attribute specifies the maximum time for which
   the TEK is valid.  When the TEK expires, the AH or ESP security
   association and all keys downloaded under the security association
   are discarded.  The GCKS may refresh the TEK at any time before the
   end of the valid period.

   The value is a four (4) octet number defining a valid time period in
   seconds.  If unspecified the default value of 28800 seconds (8 hours)
   shall be assumed.

2.4.3.1.2.  TEK_MODE

   The value of 0 is used for tunnel mode and 1 for transport mode.  In
   the absence of this attribute tunnel mode will be used.

2.4.3.1.3.  TEK_REKEY_SPI

   This attribute contains an SPI for the SA that is being rekeyed.  The
   size of SPI depends on the protocol, for ESP and AH it is 4 octets,
   so the size of the data MUST be 4 octets for AH and ESP.

   If this attribute is included in the rekey message, the GM SHOULD
   delete the SA corresponding to this SPI once the new SA is installed
   and regardless of the expiration time of the SA to be deleted (but
   after waiting DEACTIVATION_TIME_DELAY time period).







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2.4.3.1.4.  TEK_NEXT_SPI

   This attribute contains an SPI that the GCKS reserved for the next
   rekey.  The size of SPI depends on the protocol, for ESP and AH it is
   4 octets, so the size of the data MUST be 4 octets for AH and ESP.
   Multiple attributes of this type MAY be included, which means that
   any of the provided SPIs can be used in the next rekey.

   The GM may save these values and if later the GM starts receiving
   IPsec messages with one of these SPIs without seeing a rekey message
   for it, this may be used as an indication, that the rekey message was
   lost on its way to this GM.  In this case the GM SHOULD re-register
   to the group.

   Note, that this method of detecting missed rekey messages can only be
   used by passive GMs, i.e. those, that only listen and don't send
   data.  It's also no point to include this attribute in the
   GSA_INBAND_REKEY messages, since they use reliable transport.  Note
   also, that the GCKS is free to forget its promises and not to use the
   SPIs it sent in the TEK_NEXT_SPI attributes before (e.g. in case of
   GCKS reboot), so the GM must only treat these information as a "best
   effort" made by GCKS to prepare for future rekeys.

2.4.4.  GSA Group Associated Policy

   Group specific policy that does not belong to rekey policy (GSA KEK)
   or traffic encryption policy (GSA TEK) can be distributed to all
   group member using GSA GAP (Group Associated Policy).

   The GSA GAP payload is defined as follows:

                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |    Type = 2   |   RESERVED    |            Length             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      ~               Group Associated Policy Attributes              ~
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                       Figure 23: GAP Policy Format

   The GSA GAP payload fields are defined as follows:

   o  Type = 2 (1 octet) -- Identifies the GSA payload type as GAP in
      the G-IKEv2 registration or the G-IKEv2 rekey message.

   o  RESERVED (1 octet) -- Must be zero.




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   o  Length (2 octets) -- Length of this structure, including the GSA
      GAP header and Attributes.

   o  Group Associated Policy Attributes (variable) -- Contains
      attributes following the format defined in Section 3.3.5 of
      [RFC7296].

   Attribute Types are as follows.  The terms Reserved, Unassigned, and
   Private Use are to be applied as defined in [RFC8126].  The
   registration procedure is Expert Review.

                  Attribute Type         Value       Type
                  --------------         -----       ----
                  Reserved                 0
                  ACTIVATION_TIME_DELAY    1          B
                  DEACTIVATION_TIME_DELAY  2          B
                  Unassigned              3-16383
                  Private Use         16384-32767

2.4.4.1.  ACTIVATION_TIME_DELAY/DEACTIVATION_TIME_DELAY

   Section 4.2.1 of [RFC5374] specifies a key rollover method that
   requires two values be provided to group members.  The
   ACTIVATION_TIME_DELAY attribute allows a GCKS to set the Activation
   Time Delay (ATD) for SAs generated from TEKs.  The ATD defines how
   long after receiving new SAs that they are to be activated by the GM.
   The ATD value is in seconds.

   The DEACTIVATION_TIME_DELAY allows the GCKS to set the Deactivation
   Time Delay (DTD) for previously distributed SAs.  The DTD defines how
   long after receiving new SAs it should deactivate SAs that are
   destroyed by the rekey event.  The value is in seconds.

   The values of ATD and DTD are independent.  However, the DTD value
   should be larger, which allows new SAs to be activated before older
   SAs are deactivated.  Such a policy ensures that protected group
   traffic will always flow without interruption.

2.5.  Key Download Payload

   The Key Download Payload contains the group keys for the group
   specified in the GSA Payload.  These key download payloads can have
   several security attributes applied to them based upon the security
   policy of the group as defined by the associated GSA Payload.







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                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Next Payload  |C|  RESERVED   |            Length             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      ~                          Key Packets                          ~
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                  Figure 24: Key Download Payload Format

   The Key Download Payload fields are defined as follows:

   o  Next Payload (1 octet) -- Identifier for the payload type of the
      next payload in the message.  If the current payload is the last
      in the message, then this field will be zero.

   o  Critical (1 bit) -- Set according to [RFC7296].

   o  RESERVED (7 bits) -- Unused, set to zero.

   o  Payload Length (2 octets) -- Length in octets of the current
      payload, including the generic payload header.

   o  Key Packets (variable) -- Contains Key Packets.  Several types of
      key packets are defined.  Each Key Packet has the following
      format.

                          1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |   KD Type     |   RESERVED    |           KD Length           |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |    SPI Size   |                 SPI (variable)                ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~                    Key Packet Attributes                      ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                       Figure 25: Key Packet Format

   o  Key Download (KD) Type (1 octet) -- Identifier for the Key Data
      field of this Key Packet.  In the following table the terms
      Reserved, Unassigned, and Private Use are to be applied as defined
      in [RFC8126].  The registration procedure is Expert Review.








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                      Key Download Type        Value
                      -----------------        -----
                      Reserved                   0
                      TEK                        1
                      KEK                        2
                      LKH                        3
                      SID                        4
                      Unassigned                5-127
                      Private Use             128-255

   o  RESERVED (1 octet) -- Unused, set to zero.

   o  Key Download Length (2 octets) -- Length in octets of the Key
      Packet data, including the Key Packet header.

   o  SPI Size (1 octet) -- Value specifying the length in octets of the
      SPI as defined by the Protocol-Id.

   o  SPI (variable length) -- Security Parameter Index which matches a
      SPI previously sent in an GSA KEK or GSA TEK Payload.

   o  Key Packet Attributes (variable length) -- Contains Key
      information.  The format of this field is specific to the value of
      the KD Type field.  The following sections describe the format of
      each KD Type.

2.5.1.  TEK Download Type

   The following attributes may be present in a TEK Download Type.
   Exactly one attribute matching each type sent in the GSA TEK payload
   MUST be present.  The attributes must follow the format defined in
   IKEv2 (Section 3.3.5 of [RFC7296]).  In the table, attributes defined
   as TV are marked as Basic (B); attributes defined as TLV are marked
   as Variable (V).  The terms Reserved, Unassigned, and Private Use are
   to be applied as defined in [RFC8126].  The registration procedure is
   Expert Review.

           TEK KD Attributes          Value    Type    Mandatory
           -----------------          -----    ----    ---------
           Reserved                    0-2
           TEK_KEYMAT                   3        V        Y
           Unassigned                  4-16383
           Private Use             16384-32767

   It is possible that the GCKS will send no TEK key packets in a
   Registration KD payload (as well as no corresponding GSA TEK payloads
   in the GSA payload), after which the TEK payloads will be sent in a
   rekey message.



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2.5.1.1.  TEK_KEYMAT

   The TEK_KEYMAT attribute contains keying material for the
   corresponding SPI.  This keying material will be used with the
   transform specified in the GSA TEK payload.  The keying material is
   treated equivalent to IKEv2 KEYMAT derived for that IPsec transform.

2.5.2.  KEK Download Type

   The following attributes may be present in a KEK Download Type.
   Exactly one attribute matching each type sent in the GSA KEK payload
   MUST be present.  The attributes must follow the format defined in
   IKEv2 (Section 3.3.5 of [RFC7296]).  In the table, attributes defined
   as TV are marked as Basic (B); attributes defined as TLV are marked
   as Variable (V).  The terms Reserved, Unassigned, and Private Use are
   to be applied as defined in [RFC8126].  The registration procedure is
   Expert Review.

           KEK KD Attributes          Value    Type    Mandatory
           -----------------          -----    ----    ---------
           Reserved                     0
           KEK_ENCR_KEY                 1        V         Y
           KEK_INTEGRITY_KEY            2        V         N
           KEK_AUTH_KEY                 3        V         N
           Unassigned                  4-16383
           Private Use             16384-32767

   If the KEK Key Packet is included, there MUST be only one present in
   the KD payload.

2.5.2.1.  KEK_ENCR_KEY

   The KEK_ENCR_KEY attribute type declares that the encryption key for
   the corresponding SPI is contained in the Key Packet Attribute.  The
   encryption algorithm that will use this key was specified in the GSA
   KEK payload.

2.5.2.2.  KEK_INTEGRITY_KEY

   The KEK_INTEGRITY_KEY attribute type declares the integrity key for
   this SPI is contained in the Key Packet Attribute.  The integrity
   algorithm that will use this key was specified in the GSA KEK
   payload.








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2.5.2.3.  KEK_AUTH_KEY

   The KEK_AUTH_KEY attribute type declares that the authentication key
   for this SPI is contained in the Key Packet Attribute.  The signature
   algorithm that will use this key was specified in the GSA KEK
   payload.  An RSA public key format is defined in [RFC3447],
   Section A.1.1.  DSS public key format is defined in [RFC3279]
   Section 2.3.2.  For ECDSA Public keys, use format described in
   [RFC5480] Section 2.2.  Other algorithms added to the IKEv2
   Authentication Method registry are also expected to include a format
   of the public key included in the algorithm specification.

2.5.3.  LKH Download Type

   The LKH key packet is comprised of attributes representing different
   leaves in the LKH key tree.

   The following attributes are used to pass an LKH KEK array in the KD
   payload.  The attributes must follow the format defined in IKEv2
   (Section 3.3.5 of [RFC7296]).  In the table, attributes defined as TV
   are marked as Basic (B); attributes defined as TLV are marked as
   Variable (V).  The terms Reserved, Unassigned, and Private Use are to
   be applied as defined in [RFC8126].  The registration procedure is
   Expert Review.

                 LKH KD Attributes          Value     Type
                 -----------------          -----     ----
                 Reserved                     0
                 LKH_DOWNLOAD_ARRAY           1        V
                 LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY             2        V
                 Unassigned                  3-16383
                 Private Use             16384-32767

   If an LKH key packet is included in the KD payload, there MUST be
   only one present.

2.5.3.1.  LKH_DOWNLOAD_ARRAY

   The LKH_DOWNLOAD_ARRAY attribute type is used to download a set of
   LKH keys to a group member.  It MUST NOT be included in a IKEv2 rekey
   message KD payload if the IKEv2 rekey is sent to more than one group
   member.  If an LKH_DOWNLOAD_ARRAY attribute is included in a KD
   payload, there MUST be only one present.

   This attribute consists of a header block, followed by one or more
   LKH keys.





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                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |         # of LKH Keys        |             RESERVED           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      ~                           LKH Keys                            ~
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                   Figure 26: LKH_DOWNLOAD_ARRAY Format

   The KEK_LKH attribute fields are defined as follows:

   o  Number of LKH Keys (2 octets) -- This value is the number of
      distinct LKH keys in this sequence.

   o  RESERVED (2 octets) -- Unused, set to zero.

   Each LKH Key is defined as follows:

                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |             LKH ID            |            Encr Alg           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                           Key Handle                          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      ~                            Key Data                           ~
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                         Figure 27: LKH Key Format

   o  LKH ID (2 octets) -- This is the position of this key in the
      binary tree structure used by LKH.

   o  Encr Alg (2 octets) -- This is the encryption algorithm for which
      this key data is to be used.  This value is specified in the ENCR
      transform in the GSA payload.

   o  Key Handle (4 octets) -- This is a randomly generated value to
      uniquely identify a key within an LKH ID.

   o  Key Data (variable length) -- This is the actual encryption key
      data, which is dependent on the Encr Alg algorithm for its format.

   The first LKH Key structure in an LKH_DOWNLOAD_ARRAY attribute
   contains the Leaf identifier and key for the group member.  The rest
   of the LKH Key structures contain keys along the path of the key tree
   in the order starting from the leaf, culminating in the group KEK.



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2.5.3.2.  LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY

   The LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY attribute type is used to update the LKH keys
   for a group.  It is most likely to be included in a G-IKEv2 rekey
   message KD payload to rekey the entire group.  This attribute
   consists of a header block, followed by one or more LKH keys, as
   defined in Section 2.5.3.1.

   There may be any number of LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY attributes included in a
   KD payload.

                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |          # of LKH Keys        |             LKH ID            |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                           Key Handle                          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      ~                            LKH Keys                           ~
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                    Figure 28: LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY Format

   o  Number of LKH Keys (2 octets) -- This value is the number of
      distinct LKH keys in this sequence.

   o  LKH ID (2 octets) -- This is the node identifier associated with
      the key used to encrypt the first LKH Key.

   o  Key Handle (4 octets) -- This is the value that uniquely
      identifies the key within the LKH ID which was used to encrypt the
      first LKH key.

   The LKH Keys are as defined in Section 2.5.3.1.  The LKH Key
   structures contain keys along the path of the key tree in the order
   from the LKH ID found in the LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY header, culminating in
   the group KEK.  The Key Data field of each LKH Key is encrypted with
   the LKH key preceding it in the LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY attribute.  The
   first LKH Key is encrypted under the key defined by the LKH ID and
   Key Handle found in the LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY header.

2.5.4.  SID Download Type

   The SID attribute is used to download one or more Sender-ID (SID)
   values for the exclusive use of a group member.  The terms Reserved,
   Unassigned, and Private Use are to be applied as defined in
   [RFC8126].  The registration procedure is Expert Review.




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                 SID KD Attributes          Value     Type
                 -----------------          -----     ----
                 Reserved                     0
                 NUMBER_OF_SID_BITS           1        B
                 SID_VALUE                    2        V
                 Unassigned                  3-16383
                 Private Use             16384-32767

   Because a SID value is intended for a single group member, the SID
   Download type MUST NOT be distributed in a GSA_REKEY message
   distributed to multiple group members.

2.5.4.1.  NUMBER_OF_SID_BITS

   The NUMBER_OF_SID_BITS attribute type declares how many bits of the
   cipher nonce in which to represent an SID value.  The bits are
   applied as the most significant bits of the IV, as shown in Figure 1
   of [RFC6054] and specified in Section 1.4.6.2.  Guidance for a GCKS
   choosing the NUMBER_OF_SID_BITS is provided in Section 3 of
   [RFC6054].

   This value is applied to each SID value distributed in the SID
   Download.

2.5.4.2.  SID_VALUE

   The SID_VALUE attribute type declares a single SID value for the
   exclusive use of this group member.  Multiple SID_VALUE attributes
   MAY be included in a SID Download.

2.5.4.3.  GM Semantics

   The SID_VALUE attribute value distributed to the group member MUST be
   used by that group member as the SID field portion of the IV for all
   Data-Security SAs including a counter-based mode of operation
   distributed by the GCKS as a part of this group.  When the Sender-
   Specific IV (SSIV) field for any Data-Security SA is exhausted, the
   group member MUST NOT act as a sender on that SA using its active
   SID.  The group member SHOULD re-register, at which time the GCKS
   will issue a new SID to the group member, along with either the same
   Data-Security SAs or replacement ones.  The new SID replaces the
   existing SID used by this group member, and also resets the SSIV
   value to its starting value.  A group member MAY re-register prior to
   the actual exhaustion of the SSIV field to avoid dropping data
   packets due to the exhaustion of available SSIV values combined with
   a particular SID value.





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   A group member MUST ignore an SID Download Type KD payload present in
   a GSA-REKEY message, otherwise more than one GM may end up using the
   same SID.

2.5.4.4.  GCKS Semantics

   If any KD payload includes keying material that is associated with a
   counter-mode of operation, an SID Download Type KD payload containing
   at least one SID_VALUE attribute MUST be included.  The GCKS MUST NOT
   send the SID Download Type KD payload as part of a GSA_REKEY message,
   because distributing the same sender-specific policy to more than one
   group member will reduce the security of the group.

2.6.  Delete Payload

   There are occasions when the GCKS may want to signal to group members
   to delete policy at the end of a broadcast, if group policy has
   changed, or the GCKS needs to reset the policy and keying material
   for the group due to an emergency.  Deletion of keys MAY be
   accomplished by sending an IKEv2 Delete Payload, section 3.11 of
   [RFC7296] as part of a registration or rekey Exchange.  Whenever an
   SA is to be deleted, the GKCS SHOULD send the Delete Payload in both
   registration and rekey exchanges, because GMs with previous group
   policy may contact the GCKS using either exchange.

   The Protocol ID MUST be 41 for GSA_REKEY Exchange, 2 for AH or 3 for
   ESP.  Note that only one protocol id value can be defined in a Delete
   payload.  If a TEK and a KEK SA for GSA_REKEY Exchange must be
   deleted, they must be sent in different Delete payloads.  Similarly,
   if a TEK specifying ESP and a TEK specifying AH need to be deleted,
   they must be sent in different Delete payloads.

   There may be circumstances where the GCKS may want to reset the
   policy and keying material for the group.  The GCKS can signal
   deletion of all policy of a particular TEK by sending a TEK with a
   SPI value equal to zero in the delete payload.  In the event that the
   administrator is no longer confident in the integrity of the group
   they may wish to remove all KEK and all the TEKs in the group.  This
   is done by having the GCKS send a delete payload with a SPI of zero
   and a Protocol-ID of AH or ESP to delete all TEKs, followed by
   another delete payload with a SPI value of zero and Protocol-ID of
   KEK SA to delete the KEK SA.

2.7.  Notify Payload

   G-IKEv2 uses the same Notify payload as specified in [RFC7296],
   section 3.10.




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   There are additional Notify Message types introduced by G-IKEv2 to
   communicate error conditions and status.

   NOTIFY messages - error types          Value
   -------------------------------------------------------------------
   INVALID_GROUP_ID -                      45
   AUTHORIZATION_FAILED -                  46
   REGISTRATION_FAILED -                  TBD

   INVALID_GROUP_ID indicates the group id sent during the registration
   process is invalid.

   AUTHORIZATION_FAILED is sent in the response to a GSA_AUTH message
   when authorization failed.

   REGISTRATION_FAILED is sent by the GCKS when the GM registration
   request cannot be satisfied.

   NOTIFY messages - status types          Value
   -------------------------------------------------------------------
   SENDER -                                16429
   REKEY_IS_NEEDED -                       TBD

   SENDER notification is sent in GSA_AUTH or GSA_REGISTRATION to
   indicate that the GM intends to be sender of data traffic.  The data
   includes a count of how many SID values the GM desires.  The count
   MUST be 4 octets long and contain the big endian representation of
   the number of requested SIDs.

   REKEY_IS_NEEDED is sent in GSA_AUTH response message to indicate that
   the GM must perform an immediate rekey of IKE SA to make it secure
   against quantum computers and then start a registration request over.

2.8.  Authentication Payload

   G-IKEv2 uses the same Authentication payload as specified in
   [RFC7296], section 3.8, to sign the rekey message.

3.  Security Considerations

3.1.  GSA Registration and Secure Channel

   G-IKEv2 registration exchange uses IKEv2 IKE_SA_INIT protocols,
   inheriting all the security considerations documented in [RFC7296]
   section 5 Security Considerations, including authentication,
   confidentiality, protection against man-in-the-middle, protection
   against replay/reflection attacks, and denial of service protection.
   The GSA_AUTH and GSA_REGISTRATION exchanges also take advantage of



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   those protections.  In addition, G-IKEv2 brings in the capability to
   authorize a particular group member regardless of whether they have
   the IKEv2 credentials.

3.2.  GSA Maintenance Channel

   The GSA maintenance channel is cryptographically and integrity
   protected using the cryptographic algorithm and key negotiated in the
   GSA member registration exchanged.

3.2.1.  Authentication/Authorization

   Authentication is implicit, the public key of the identity is
   distributed during the registration, and the receiver of the rekey
   message uses that public key and identity to verify the message came
   from the authorized GCKS.

3.2.2.  Confidentiality

   Confidentiality is provided by distributing a confidentiality key as
   part of the GSA member registration exchange.

3.2.3.  Man-in-the-Middle Attack Protection

   GSA maintenance channel is integrity protected by using a digital
   signature.

3.2.4.  Replay/Reflection Attack Protection

   The GSA_REKEY message includes a monotonically increasing sequence
   number to protect against replay and reflection attacks.  A group
   member will recognize a replayed message by comparing the Message ID
   number to that of the last received rekey message, any rekey message
   containing a Message ID number less than or equal to the last
   received value MUST be discarded.  Implementations should keep a
   record of recently received GSA rekey messages for this comparison.

4.  IANA Considerations

4.1.  New Registries

   A new set of registries should be created for G-IKEv2, on a new page
   titled Group Key Management using IKEv2 (G-IKEv2) Parameters.  The
   following registries should be placed on that page.  The terms
   Reserved, Expert Review and Private Use are to be applied as defined
   in [RFC8126].

   GSA Policy Type Registry, see Section 2.4.1



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   KEK Attributes Registry, see Section 2.4.2.1

   KEK Management Algorithm Registry, see Section 2.4.2.1.1

   GSA TEK Payload Protocol ID Type Registry, see Section 2.4.3

   TEK Attributes Registry, see Section 2.4.3

   Key Download Type Registry, see Section 2.5

   TEK Download Type Attributes Registry, see Section 2.5.1

   KEK Download Type Attributes Registry, see Section 2.5.2

   LKH Download Type Attributes Registry, see Section 2.5.3

   SID Download Type Attributes Registry, see Section 2.5.4

4.2.  New Payload and Exchange Types Added to the Existing IKEv2
      Registry

   The following new payloads and exchange types specified in this memo
   have already been allocated by IANA and require no further action,
   other than replacing the draft name with an RFC number.

   The present document describes new IKEv2 Next Payload types, see
   Section 2.1

   The present document describes new IKEv2 Exchanges types, see
   Section 2.1

   The present document describes new IKEv2 notification types, see
   Section 2.7

4.3.  Changes to Previous Allocations

   Section 4.7 indicates an allocation in the IKEv2 Notify Message Types
   - Status Types registry has been made.  This NOTIFY type was
   allocated earlier in the development of G-IKEv2.  The number is
   16429, and was allocated with the name SENDER_REQUEST_ID.  The name
   should be changed to SENDER.

5.  Acknowledgements

   The authors thank Lakshminath Dondeti and Jing Xiang for first
   exploring the use of IKEv2 for group key management and providing the
   basis behind the protocol.  Mike Sullenberger and Amjad Inamdar were




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   instrumental in helping resolve many issues in several versions of
   the document.

6.  Contributors

   The following individuals made substantial contributions to early
   versions of this memo.

      Sheela Rowles
      Cisco Systems
      170 W. Tasman Drive
      San Jose, California  95134-1706
      USA

      Phone: +1-408-527-7677
      Email: sheela@cisco.com

      Aldous Yeung
      Cisco Systems
      170 W. Tasman Drive
      San Jose, California  95134-1706
      USA

      Phone: +1-408-853-2032
      Email: cyyeung@cisco.com

      Paulina Tran
      Cisco Systems
      170 W. Tasman Drive
      San Jose, California  95134-1706
      USA

      Phone: +1-408-526-8902
      Email: ptran@cisco.com

      Yoav Nir
      Dell EMC
      9 Andrei Sakharov St
      Haifa  3190500
      Israel

      Email: ynir.ietf@gmail.com

7.  References







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7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2627]  Wallner, D., Harder, E., and R. Agee, "Key Management for
              Multicast: Issues and Architectures", RFC 2627,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2627, June 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2627>.

   [RFC3740]  Hardjono, T. and B. Weis, "The Multicast Group Security
              Architecture", RFC 3740, DOI 10.17487/RFC3740, March 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3740>.

   [RFC4046]  Baugher, M., Canetti, R., Dondeti, L., and F. Lindholm,
              "Multicast Security (MSEC) Group Key Management
              Architecture", RFC 4046, DOI 10.17487/RFC4046, April 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4046>.

   [RFC4301]  Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
              Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, DOI 10.17487/RFC4301,
              December 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4301>.

   [RFC6054]  McGrew, D. and B. Weis, "Using Counter Modes with
              Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication
              Header (AH) to Protect Group Traffic", RFC 6054,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6054, November 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6054>.

   [RFC7296]  Kaufman, C., Hoffman, P., Nir, Y., Eronen, P., and T.
              Kivinen, "Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2
              (IKEv2)", STD 79, RFC 7296, DOI 10.17487/RFC7296, October
              2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7296>.

   [RFC8126]  Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
              Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
              RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.







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7.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-ipsecme-qr-ikev2]
              Fluhrer, S., McGrew, D., Kampanakis, P., and V. Smyslov,
              "Postquantum Preshared Keys for IKEv2", draft-ietf-
              ipsecme-qr-ikev2-08 (work in progress), March 2019.

   [I-D.tjhai-ipsecme-hybrid-qske-ikev2]
              Tjhai, C., Tomlinson, M., grbartle@cisco.com, g., Fluhrer,
              S., Geest, D., Garcia-Morchon, O., and V. Smyslov,
              "Framework to Integrate Post-quantum Key Exchanges into
              Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)", draft-
              tjhai-ipsecme-hybrid-qske-ikev2-03 (work in progress),
              January 2019.

   [IKEV2-IANA]
              IANA, "Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2)
              Parameters", February 2016,
              <http://www.iana.org/assignments/ikev2-parameters/
              ikev2-parameters.xhtml#ikev2-parameters-7>.

   [NNL]      Naor, D., Noal, M., and J. Lotspiech, "Revocation and
              Tracing Schemes for Stateless Receivers", Advances in
              Cryptology, Crypto '01,  Springer-Verlag LNCS 2139, 2001,
              pp. 41-62, 2001,
              <http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~naor/>.

   [OFT]      McGrew, D. and A. Sherman, "Key Establishment in Large
              Dynamic Groups Using One-Way Function Trees", Manuscript,
               submitted to IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,
              1998, <http://download.nai.com/products/media/nai/misc/
              oft052098.ps>.

   [RFC2409]  Harkins, D. and D. Carrel, "The Internet Key Exchange
              (IKE)", RFC 2409, DOI 10.17487/RFC2409, November 1998,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2409>.

   [RFC3279]  Bassham, L., Polk, W., and R. Housley, "Algorithms and
              Identifiers for the Internet X.509 Public Key
              Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
              (CRL) Profile", RFC 3279, DOI 10.17487/RFC3279, April
              2002, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3279>.

   [RFC3447]  Jonsson, J. and B. Kaliski, "Public-Key Cryptography
              Standards (PKCS) #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications
              Version 2.1", RFC 3447, DOI 10.17487/RFC3447, February
              2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3447>.




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   [RFC3686]  Housley, R., "Using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
              Counter Mode With IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload
              (ESP)", RFC 3686, DOI 10.17487/RFC3686, January 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3686>.

   [RFC4106]  Viega, J. and D. McGrew, "The Use of Galois/Counter Mode
              (GCM) in IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)",
              RFC 4106, DOI 10.17487/RFC4106, June 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4106>.

   [RFC4309]  Housley, R., "Using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) CCM
              Mode with IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)",
              RFC 4309, DOI 10.17487/RFC4309, December 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4309>.

   [RFC4543]  McGrew, D. and J. Viega, "The Use of Galois Message
              Authentication Code (GMAC) in IPsec ESP and AH", RFC 4543,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4543, May 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4543>.

   [RFC5374]  Weis, B., Gross, G., and D. Ignjatic, "Multicast
              Extensions to the Security Architecture for the Internet
              Protocol", RFC 5374, DOI 10.17487/RFC5374, November 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5374>.

   [RFC5480]  Turner, S., Brown, D., Yiu, K., Housley, R., and T. Polk,
              "Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key
              Information", RFC 5480, DOI 10.17487/RFC5480, March 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5480>.

   [RFC5723]  Sheffer, Y. and H. Tschofenig, "Internet Key Exchange
              Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Session Resumption", RFC 5723,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5723, January 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5723>.

   [RFC6407]  Weis, B., Rowles, S., and T. Hardjono, "The Group Domain
              of Interpretation", RFC 6407, DOI 10.17487/RFC6407,
              October 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6407>.

   [RFC6467]  Kivinen, T., "Secure Password Framework for Internet Key
              Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2)", RFC 6467,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6467, December 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6467>.

   [RFC7383]  Smyslov, V., "Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2
              (IKEv2) Message Fragmentation", RFC 7383,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7383, November 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7383>.



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   [RFC7427]  Kivinen, T. and J. Snyder, "Signature Authentication in
              the Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2)", RFC 7427,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7427, January 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7427>.

   [RFC8229]  Pauly, T., Touati, S., and R. Mantha, "TCP Encapsulation
              of IKE and IPsec Packets", RFC 8229, DOI 10.17487/RFC8229,
              August 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8229>.

Appendix A.  Use of LKH in G-IKEv2

   Section 5.4 of [RFC2627] describes the LKH architecture, and how a
   GCKS uses LKH to exclude group members.  This section clarifies how
   the LKH architecture is used with G-IKEv2.

A.1.  Group Creation

   When a GCKS forms a group, it creates a key tree as shown in the
   figure below.  The key tree contains logical keys (represented as
   numbers in the figure) and a private key shared with only a single GM
   (represented as letters in the figure).  Note that the use of numbers
   and letters is used for explanatory purposes; in fact, each key would
   have an LKH ID, which is two-octet identifier chosen by the GCKS.
   The GCKS may create a complete tree as shown, or a partial tree which
   is created on demand as members join the group.  The top of the key
   tree (i.e., "1" in Figure 29) is used as the KEK for the group.

                                     1
                     +------------------------------+
                     2                              3
             +---------------+              +---------------+
             4               5              6               7
         +-------+       +-------+      +--------+      +--------+
         A       B       C       D      E        F      G        H

                        Figure 29: Initial LKH tree

   When GM "A" joins the group, the GCKS provides an LKH_DOWNLOAD_ARRAY
   in the KD payload of the GSA_AUTH or GSA_REGISTRATION exchange.
   Given the tree shown in figure above, the LKH_DOWNLOAD_ARRAY will
   contain four LKH Key payloads, each containing an LKH ID and Key
   Data.  If the LKH ID values were chosen as shown in the figure, four
   LKH Keys would be provided to GM "A", in the following order: A, 4,
   2, 1.  When GM "B" joins the group, it would also be given four LKH
   Keys in the following order: B, 4, 2, 1.  And so on, until GM "H"
   joins the group and is given H, 7, 3, 1.





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A.2.  Group Member Exclusion

   If the GKCS has reason to believe that a GM should be excluded, then
   it can do so by sending a GSA_REKEY exchange that includes a set of
   LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY attributes in the KD payload.  Each LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY
   contains a set of LKH Key payloads, in which every GM other than the
   excluded GM will be able to determine a set of new logical keys,
   which culminate in a new key "1".  The excluded GM will observe the
   set of LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY attributes, but cannot determine the new
   logical keys because each of the "Key Data" fields is encrypted with
   a key held by other GMs.  The GM will hold no keys to properly
   decrypt any of the "Key Data" fields, including key "1" (i.e., the
   new KEK).  When a subsequent GSA_REKEY exchange is delivered by the
   GCKS and protected by the new KEK, the excluded GM will no longer be
   able to see the contents of the GSA_REKEY, including new TEKs that
   will be delivered to replace existing TEKs.  At this point, the GM
   will no longer be able to participate in the group.

   In the example below, new keys are represented as the number followed
   by a "prime" symbol (e.g., "1" becomes "1'").  Each key is encrypted
   by another key.  This is represented as "{key1}key2", where key2
   encrypts key1.  For example, "{1'}2' states that a new key "1'" is
   encrypted with a new key "2'".

   If GM "B" is to be excluded, the GCKS will need to include three
   LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY attributes in the GSA_REKEY message.  The order of
   the attributes does not matter; only the order of the keys within
   each attribute.

   o  One will provide GM "A" with new logical keys that are shared with
      B: {4'}A, {2'}4', {1'}2'

   o  One will provide all GMs holding key "5" with new logical keys:
      {2'}5, {1'}2'

   o  One will provide all GMs holding key "3" with a new KEK: {1'}3

   Each GM will look at each LKH_UPDATE_ARRAY attribute and observe an
   LKH ID which is present in an LKH Key delivered to them in the
   LKH_DOWNLOAD_ARRAY they were given.  If they find a matching LKH ID,
   then they will decrypt the new key with the logical key immediately
   preceding that LKH Key, and so on until they have received the new 1'
   key.

   The resulting key tree from this rekey event would would be shown in
   Figure 30.





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                                     1'
                     +------------------------------+
                     2'                             3
             +---------------+              +---------------+
             4'              5              6               7
         +---+           +-------+      +--------+      +--------+
         A       B       C       D      E        F      G        H

               Figure 30: LKH tree after B has been excluded

Authors' Addresses

   Brian Weis
   Independent
   USA

   Email: bew.stds@gmail.com


   Valery Smyslov
   ELVIS-PLUS
   PO Box 81
   Moscow (Zelenograd)  124460
   Russian Federation

   Phone: +7 495 276 0211
   Email: svan@elvis.ru
























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