Network Working Group                                       P. Srisuresh
INTERNET-DRAFT                                           Kuokoa Networks
Expires as of March 16, 2003                                   P. Joseph
                                                        Force10 Networks
                                                      September 16, 2002


            TE LSAs to extend OSPF for Traffic Engineering
                <draft-srisuresh-ospf-te-03.txt>

Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

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Abstract

   OSPF is a link state routing protocol used for IP-network
   topology discovery and collection and dissemination of link
   access metrics. The resulting Link State Database (LSDB) is
   used to compute IP address forwarding table based on
   shortest-path criteria. Traffic Engineering extensions(OSPF-TE)
   outlined in this document are built on the native OSPF
   foundation, utilizing new LSAs, designed specifically for TE.
   OSPF-TE sets out to discover TE network topology and perform
   collection and dissemination of TE metrics within the TE network.
   This results in the generation of an independent TE-LSDB, that
   would permit computation of TE circuit paths. Unlike the native
   OSPF link metrics, TE metrics can be rapidly changing and
   varied across different elements of the network. TE circuit



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   paths are computed using varied TE criteria, often different
   from the shortest-path, to route traffic around congestion
   paths. Principal motivations to designing the OSPF-TE over
   [OPQLSA-TE] and transition path for vendors currently using
   [OPQLSA-TE] to adapt the OSPF-TE are outlined in separate
   sections within the document. OSPF-TE provides a single unified
   mechanism for traffic engineering across packet and non-packet
   networks, and may be adapted for a peer networking model.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction ................................................3
   2.  Traffic Engineering .........................................4
   3.  Terminology .................................................5
       3.1. OSPF-TE node ...........................................5
       3.2. Native OSPF node .......................................5
       3.3. TE nodes vs. native(non-TE) nodes ......................6
       3.4. TE links vs. native(non-TE) links ......................6
       3.5. Packet-TE network vs. non-packet-TE network ............6
       3.6. TE topology vs. non-TE topology ........................6
       3.7. TLV ....................................................7
       3.8. Router-TE TLVs .........................................7
       3.9. Link-TE TLVs ...........................................7
  4.   Motivations to designing the OSPF-TE using TE-LSAs ..........7
       4.1. Clean design - TE-LSDB, independent of the native LSDB .7
       4.2. Extendible design - based on the OSPF foundation .......8
       4.3. Scalable design - TE-AS may be sub-divided into areas ..9
       4.4. Unified design - for packet and non-packet networks ....9
       4.5. Efficient design - in LSA content and flooding reach ..10
       4.6. SLA enforceable TE network can coexist with IP network 10
       4.7. Right Framework for future OSPF extensibility .........11
       4.8. Network scenarios benefiting from the OSPF-TE design ..12
            4.8.1. IP providers transitioning to TE services ......12
            4.8.2. Providers offering Best-effort IP & TE services.12
            4.8.3. Multi-area networks ............................12
            4.8.4. Non-packet and Peer-networking models ..........12
   5.  OSPF-TE solution, assumptions and limitations ..............13
       5.1. OSPF-TE Solution ......................................14
       5.2. Assumptions ...........................................16
       5.3. Limitations ...........................................16
   6.  Transition strategy for implementations using Opaque LSAs ..16
   7.  The OSPF Options field .....................................16
   8.  Bringing up TE adjacencies; TE vs. Non-TE topologies .......17
       8.1. The Hello Protocol ....................................17
       8.2. Flooding and the Synchronization of Databases .........18
       8.3. The Designated Router .................................19
       8.4. The Backup Designated Router ..........................19



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       8.5. The graph of adjacencies ..............................19
   9.  TE LSAs ....................................................20
       9.1. TE-Router LSA (0x81) ..................................22
            9.1.1. Router-TE flags - TE capabilities of the router.24
            9.1.2. Router-TE TLVs .................................25
            9.1.3. Link-TE options - TE capabilities of a TE-link .26
            9.1.4. Link-TE TLVs ...................................26
       9.2. TE-incremental-link-Update LSA (0x8d) .................27
       9.3. TE-Circuit-paths LSA (0x8C) ...........................29
       9.4. TE-Summary LSAs .......................................31
            9.4.1. TE-Summary Network LSA (0x83) ..................31
            9.4.2. TE-Summary router LSA (0x84) ...................32
       9.5. TE-AS-external LSAs (0x85) ............................34
       9.6. Changes to Network LSA ................................35
            9.6.1. Positional-Ring type network LSA ...............36
       9.7. TE-Router-Proxy LSA (0x8e) ............................36
       9.8. Others ................................................37
   10. Abstract topology representation with TE support ...........37
   11. Changes to Data structures in OSPF-TE routers ..............39
       11.1. Changes to Router data structure .....................39
       11.2. Two set of Neighbors .................................39
       11.3. Changes to Interface data structure ..................39
   12. IANA Considerations ........................................40
       12.1. TE-compliant-SPF routers Multicast address allocation 40
       12.2. New TE-LSA Types .....................................40
       12.3. New TLVs (Router-TE and Link-TE TLVs) ................40
             12.3.1. TE-selection-Criteria TLV (Tag ID = 1) .......40
             12.3.2. MPLS-Signaling protocol TLV (Tag ID = 3) .....40
             12.3.3. Constraint-SPF algorithms-Support TLV (Tag ID=4)
             12.3.4. SRLG-TLV (Tag ID = 0x81) .....................40
             12.3.5. BW-TLV (Tag ID = 0x82) .......................41
             12.3.6. CO-TLV (Tag ID = ox83) .......................41
   13. Acknowledgements ...........................................41
   14. Security Considerations ....................................41
   References .....................................................41


1. Introduction

   There is substantial industry experience with deploying OSPF link
   state routing protocol. That makes OSPF a good candidate to adapt
   for traffic engineering purposes. The dynamic discovery of network
   topology, link access metrics, flooding algorithm and the
   hierarchical organization of areas can all be used effectively in
   creating and tearing traffic links on demand. The intent of
   OSPF-TE is to discover TE network topology and the TE metrics
   of the nodes and links in the network.




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   The objective of traffic engineering is to set up circuit path(s)
   across a pair of nodes or links, as the case may be, so as to
   forward traffic of a certain forwarding equivalency class. Circuit
   emulation in a packet network is accomplished by each MPLS
   intermediary node performing label swapping. Whereas, circuit
   emulation in a TDM or Fiber cross-connect network is accomplished
   by configuring the switch fabric in each intermediary node to do
   the appropriate switching (TDM, fiber or Lamda) for the duration
   of the circuit.

   The objective of this document is not how to set up traffic circuits,
   but rather provide the necessary TE parameters for the nodes and
   links that constitute the TE topology. Unlike the native OSPF,
   OSPF-TE will be used to build circuit paths, meeting certain TE
   criteria. The only requirement is that end-nodes and/or end-links of
   a circuit be identifiable with an IP address.

   The approach suggested in this document is different from the
   Opaque-LSA-based approach outlined in [OPQLSA-TE]. Section 4
   describes the motivations behind designing OSPF-TE. Section 6
   outlines a strategy to transition Opaque-LSA based implementations
   to adapt the OSPF-TE outlined here.


2. Traffic engineering overview

   A traffic engineered circuit may be identified by the tuple of
   (Forwarding Equivalency Class, TE parameters for the circuit,
   Origin Node/Link, Destination node/Link).

   The Forwarding Equivalency Class(FEC) may be constituted of a number
   of criteria such as (a) Traffic arriving on a specific interface,
   (b) Traffic meeting a certain classification criteria (ex: based on
   fields in the IP and transport headers), (c) Traffic in a certain
   priority class, (d) Traffic arriving on a specific set of TDM (STS)
   circuits on an interface, (e) Traffic arriving on a certain
   wave-length of an interface, (f) Traffic arriving at a certain time
   of day, and so on. A FEC may be constituted as a combination of one
   or more of the above criteria. Discerning traffic based on the FEC
   criteria is a mandatory requirement on Label Edge Routers (LERs).
   Traffic content is transparent to the Intermediate Label Switched
   Routers (LSRs), once a circuit is formed. LSRs are simply
   responsible for keeping the circuit in-tact for the lifetime of the
   circuit(s). As such, this document will not address FEC or the
   associated signaling to setup circuits. [MPLS-TE] and [GMPLS-TE]
   address the FEC criteria. Whereas, [RSVP-TE] and [CR-LDP] address
   different types of signaling protocols.




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   This document is concerned with the collection of TE parameters for
   all the nodes and links within an autonomous system. TE parameters
   for a node may include a) ability to perform traffic prioritization,
   b) ability to provision bandwidth on interfaces, c) support for zero
   or more CSPF algorithms, d) support for a specific TE-Circuit switch
   type, e) support for a certain type of automatic protection
   switching and so forth. TE parameters for a link may include
   a) available bandwidth, b) reliability of the link, c) color
   assigned to the link, d) cost of bandwidth usage on the link, and
   e) membership to a Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) and so forth.

   Only the unicast paths circuit paths are considered here. Multicast
   variations are currently considered out of scope for this document.
   The requirement is that the originating as well as the terminating
   entities of a TE path are identifiable by their IP address.


3. Terminology

   Definitions for majority of the terms used in this document with
   regard to OSPF protocol may be found in [OSPF-V2]. MPLS and traffic
   engineering terms may be found in [MPLS-ARCH]. RSVP-TE and CR-LDP
   signaling specific terms may be found in [RSVP-TE] and [CR-LDP]
   respectively.

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALLNOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in
   this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

   Below are definitions for the terms used within this document.

3.1. OSPF-TE node

   This is a router that supports the OSPF-TE described in this
   document. At least one of the attached links for the node
   supports IP packet termination and runs the OSPF-TE protocol.

   An OSPF-TE node supports native OSPF as well as the OSPF-TE.

3.2. Native OSPF node

   A native OSPF node is an OSPF router that does not support
   the TE extensions described in this document or does not have
   a TE link attached to it. A Native OSPF node forwards IP
   traffic, using the shortest-path forwarding algorithm.

   A native OSPF node may be enhanced to be an OSPF-TE node. An
   autonomous system (AS) could be constituted of a combination



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   of native-OSPF and OSPF-TE nodes.

3.3. TE nodes vs. native(non-TE) nodes

   A TE-Node is an intermediate or edge node taking part in the
   traffic engineered (TE) network. A TE-circuit is constituted of
   a series of TE nodes connected to each other through TE links.
   In a SONET/TDM network or a photonic cross-connect network,
   a TE node is not required to support OSPF-TE. An external
   OSPF-TE node may represent the TE node for protocol processing.

   A native (or non-TE) node is an IP router capable of IP packet
   forwarding, does not have TE link attachments and does not take
   part in a TE network.

3.4. TE links vs. native(non-TE) links

   A TE Link is a network attachment that supports traffic
   engineering. A TE-circuit is constituted of a series of TE
   nodes connected to each other through TE links.

   A native (or non-TE) link is one that is used for IP packet
   traversal. A link may be configured to be pure TE link or
   native link or a both.

3.5. Packet-TE network vs. non-packet-TE network

   Packet-TE network is one in which TE-circuit emulation is
   accomplished by each MPLS intermediary node performing label
   swapping on the packet data.

   Non-packet-TE network, such as SONET/TDM or Fiber
   cross-connect network is one in which TE-circuit emulation is
   accomplished by configuring the switch fabric in each
   intermediary node to do the appropriate switching (TDM, fiber
   or Lamda) for the duration of the circuit.

   In either case, OSPF-TE can only be enabled on interfaces
   supporting IP packet termination. Interfaces supporting OSPF
   and/or OSPF-TE constitute the OSPF control network. The OSPF
   control network can be independent of the packet or non-packet
   data network.

3.6. TE topology vs. non-TE topology

   A TE topology is constituted of a set of contiguous TE nodes and
   TE links. Associated with each TE node and link is a set of TE
   criteria that may be supported at any given time. A TE topology



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   allows circuits to be overlayed statically or dynamically based
   on a specific TE criteria.

   A non-TE topology specifically refers to the network that does not
   support TE. Control protocols such as OSPF may be run on the non-TE
   topology. IP forwarding table used to forward IP packets on this
   network is built based on the control protocol specific algorithm,
   such as OSPF shortest-path criteria.

3.7. TLV

   A TLV stands for an object in the form of Tag-Length-Value. All TLVs
   are assumed to be of the following format, unless specified
   otherwise. The Tag and length are 16 bits wide each. The length
   includes the 4 bytes required for Tag and Length specification.


        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |            Tag                |     Length (4 or more)        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                            Value ....                         |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                            ....                               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

3.8. Router-TE TLVs

     TLVs used to describe the TE capabilities of a TE-node.

3.9. Link-TE TLVs

     TLVs used to describe the TE capabilities of a TE-link.

4. Motivations to designing the OSPF-TE using TE-LSAs

   The motivation behind designing the OSPF-TE using TE-LSAs is
   that the approach is clean, extendible, scalable, unified,
   efficient, and SLA enforceable. The approach also provides
   the right framework for future OSPF extensibility. Each of
   these motivations is explained in detail in the following
   subsections.

   The last subsection lists network scenarios that benefit from
   the TE-LSA design.

4.1. Clean design - TE-LSDB, independent of the native LSDB



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   OSPF-TE using TE LSAs provides a clean separation of Link State
   Data Bases (LSDB) between native (SPF-based) and TE networks.
   The OSPF-TE dynamically discovers TE network topology and the
   associated TE metrics of the nodes and links in the TE network.
   OSPF-TE design is based on the tried and tested OSPF paradigm.
   As such, it inherits all the benefits of the OSPF, present and
   future.

   With OSPF-TE, native OSPF nodes will keep just the native OSPF
   link state database. The OSPF-TE nodes will keep the native as
   well as the TE LSDB. In the case, where the network is used
   only for Traffic engineering purposes, the native-LSDB
   describes the control topology.

   In the Opaque-LSA-based TE scheme([OPQLSA-TE]), the TE-LSDB built
   using opaque LSAs refers the native LSDB to build the TE topology.
   Further, the LSDB has no knowledge of the TE capabilities of the
   routers. Point-to-point links are the only type of links that can
   form a TE network. It is apparent that [OPQLSA-TE] is a new
   protocol in itself within the constraints of an Opaque-LSA and is
   not tailored to benefit from the tried and tested native-OSPF.

4.2. Extendible design - based on the OSPF foundation

   TE LSAs are extendible, just as the native OSPF on which OSPF-TE
   is founded. [OPQLSA-TE], on the other hand, is not extendible
   and is constrained by the Opaque LSA on which it is founded.

   For example, Opaque LSAs are not suited to advertising summary
   LSAs along a restricted flooding scope (as with TE-Summary
   network LSA). Opaque LSAs are also not suited to advertising
   incremental TLV changes. A change in any TLV of a TE-link will
   mandate the entire Opaque-LSA (with all the TLVs included) to be
   transmitted. TE-incremental-link-update LSA, on the other hand,
   is capable of advertising just the delta TLVs. Opaque LSAs
   are also not extendible to support advertisement of TLVs for
   non-members of the OSPF control network. This is a necessity
   for certain non-packet networks such as a SONET/TDM network. In
   a SONET/TDM network, data-path topology often differs from
   its OSPF control network counterpart. TE-Router-Proxy-LSA
   (section 9.7) permits advertising LSAs for non-members via
   a proxy node that is a member of the control network.

   Lastly, the expressibility of data in an Opaque LSA is strictly
   restricted to being in the form of TLVs and sub-TLVs, some
   mandatorily required and some positionally dependent in the
   TLV sequence for interpretation.



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4.3. Scalable design - TE-AS may be sub-divided into areas

   OSPF-TE using TE LSAs inherits the hierarchical area organization
   used within native-OSPF. Without revealing the nodes and
   characteristics of the attached links within a TE-area, the
   TE-Summary network LSA (refer section 9.4) advertises the
   reachability of TE networks within an area to the areas outside
   in the same AS.

   Providing area level abstraction and having the abstraction be
   distinct for TE and native topologies is a necessity for
   inter-area communication. When the topologies are separate, the
   area border routers can advertise different summary LSAs to  TE
   and non-TE routers. For example, a native Area Border router (ABR)
   simply announces the shortest path network summary LSAs (LSA
   type 3) for nodes outside the area. A TE-ABR, on the other hand,
   would use TE-summary network LSA to advertise network Reachability
   information - not aggregated path metric as required for a native
   OSPF LSDB. Clearly, the data content and flooding scope should be
   different for the TE nodes. The flooding boundary for TE-summary
   LSAs would be (AS - OriginatingArea - StubAreas - NSSAs).

   Opaque-LSA-based TE scheme([OPQLSA-TE]) is restricted for use
   within an area and is not applicable for flooding across areas.
   As-wide scope Opaque LSAs (Type 11 LSAs) will be unable to restrict
   flooding in its own originating area.

4.4. Unified design - for packet and non-packet networks

   OSPF-TE uses the same set of TE LSAs for disseminating TE
   characteristics - irrespective of whether the network is a packet
   network or a non-packet network or a combination of both. Only
   the TLVs used to describe the characteristics will vary. Each TE
   node will be required to advertise its own TE capabilities and
   that of the attached TE links.

   In a peer networking TE model, the TE nodes are heterogeneous
   and have different TE characteristics. As such, the signaling
   protocols will need the TE characteristics of all nodes and
   attached links so they can signal the nodes to formulate TE
   circuits across heterogeneous nodes. The underlying control
   protocol must be capable of providing a unified LSDB for all
   nodes in the network. OSPF-TE clearly meets this requirement.

   Opaque-LSA-based TE scheme([OPQLSA-TE]) is limited in scope for
   packet networks. Extensions ([OPQLSA-GMPLS]) are underway to
   support GMPLS links within opaque LSAs. However, neither



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   [OPQLSA-TE] nor [OPQLSA-GMPLS] is sufficient by itself or when
   combined for use within a peer networking model with heterogeneous
   nodes. Neither of the Opaque LSA based extensions have provision
   to distinguish between the various nodes and link attachments that
   are different from point-to-point connections. SONET specific
   ring topologies and packet network specific LAN and other mesh
   topologies are not permitted.

4.5. Efficient design - in LSA content and flooding reach

   OSPF-TE is capable of identifying the boundaries of a TE topology
   and limits the flooding of TE LSAs to only the TE-nodes. Nodes
   that do not have TE link attachments are not bombarded with TE
   specific LSAs. This is a useful characteristic for networks
   supporting native and TE traffic in the same connected network.

   The more frequent and wider the flooding scope, the larger the
   number of retransmissions and acknowledgements. The same
   information (needed or not) may reach a router through multiple
   links. Even if the router did not forward the information past
   the node, it would still have to send acknowledgements across
   all the various links on which the LSAs tried to converge.
   Clearly, it is not desirable to flood LSAs to nodes that do not
   require it. This can be a considerable impediment to non-TE
   nodes in a network that is constituted of native and TE nodes.

   Opaque-LSA-based TE scheme([OPQLSA-TE]) makes no distinction
   between TE and native OSPF nodes as far as LSA flooding is
   concerned. It is possible for the native OSPF nodes to silently
   ignore the unsupported Opaque LSAs or add knobs within
   implementation to decide whether or not a certain opaque LSA
   mandates dijkstra SPF recomputation. In any case, unintended
   LSAs are disruptive and can be the cause of a large number of
   acknowledgements and retransmissions.

   TE metrics in a network could be rapidly changing. Only a subset
   of the metrics may be prone to rapid change, while others remain
   largely unchanged. Changes must be communicated at the earliest
   throughout the network to ensure that the TE-LSDB is up-to-date.
   TE-Incremental-Link-update LSA (section 9.2) permits advertising
   only a subset of the link metrics and not the entire router-LSA
   all over. [OPQLSA-TE] does not have provision to advertise just
   the TLVs that changed. A change in any TLV of a TE-link will
   mandate the entire LSA to be transmitted. This is clearly a
   serious shortcoming in the protocol.

4.6. SLA enforceable TE network can coexist with IP network




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   OSPF-TE is designed to draw distinction between links that
   support TE traffic and links that support native best-effort
   IP traffic. This flexibility to configure links as appropriate
   for a service, permits enforceability of service level
   agreements (SLAs). A link, configured to support TE traffic
   alone will not permit native IP traffic on the link.

   Best-effort IP transit network and constraint based TE network
   have different SLA requirements and hence different billing
   models. Keeping the two networks physically isolated will enable
   SLA enforceability, but can be expensive. Combining the two
   networks into a single physically connected network will bring
   economies of scale, if the SLA enforceability can be retained.
   When the links of a TE-network LSDB do not overlap the links
   of a native LSDB, such a virtual isolation of networks and
   hence SLA enforceability becomes possible.

   Opaque-LSA-based TE scheme([OPQLSA-TE]) is inherently not capable
   of having two virtual networks in a single physically connected
   network. All point-to-point links in a packet network are subject
   to best-effort IP traffic, irrespective of whether a link is
   usable for TE traffic or not. In order to ensure that TE links are
   not cannibalized by best-effort traffic, the network provider will
   simply have to restrict best-effort traffic from entering the
   network. This is a severe limitation and is a direct result of
   not having LSDB isolation. When TE and native topologies
   are not separated (as is the case with Opaque-LSAs), a native OSPF
   node could be utilizing a TE link as its least cost link, thereby
   stressing the TE link and rendering the TE link  ineffective for
   TE purposes.

4.7. Right Framework for future OSPF extensibility

   OSPF-TE design provides the right framework for future OSPF
   extensions based on independent service provider needs. The
   framework essentially calls for building independent service
   specific LSDBs. Each such LSDB will consist of service specific
   metrics of all resources within the service-specific topology.
   The TE-LSDB permits TLV scalability as well as the ability
   to perform fast searches through the database. Just as the
   TE-LSDB may be used for MPLS TE application, a different type
   of LSDB may be used for a different type of application across
   the same physically connected IP network. E.g., one can derive
   QOS based IP forwarding on an IP network.

   Limiting flooding scope of service specific LSAs within the
   service specific topology eliminates LSA contamination between
   virtual service networks of a single physically connected



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   network. Using service specific LSAs provides flexibility in
   LSA content and flooding scope.

   Opaque-LSA-based TE scheme([OPQLSA-TE]) works best when a single
   type of service is assumed for a single physically connected
   network. As such, multiple disparate networks can function
   running various flavors of OSPF. [OSPF-v2] for native best-effort
   IP networks, [OPQLSA-TE] for packet networks and [OPQLSA-GMPLS]
   for non-packet networks.

4.8. Network scenarios benefiting from the OSPF-TE design

   Many real-world scenarios are better served by the new-TE-LSAs
   scheme. Here are a few examples.

4.8.1. IP providers transitioning to TE services

   Providers needing to support MPLS based TE in their IP network
   may choose to transition gradually. Perhaps, add new TE links
   or convert existing links into TE links within an area first
   and progressively advance to offer in the entire AS.

   Not all routers will support TE extensions at the same time
   during the migration process. Use of TE specific LSAs and their
   flooding to OSPF-TE only nodes will allow the vendor to
   introduce MPLS TE without destabilizing the existing network.
   As such, the native OSPF-LSDB will remain undisturbed while
   newer TE links are added to network.

4.8.2. Providers offering Best-effort-IP & TE services

   Providers choosing to offer both best-effort-IP and TE based
   packet services simultaneously on the same physically connected
   network will benefit from the OSPF-TE design. By maintaining
   independent LSDBs for each type of service, TE links are not
   cannibalized by the non-TE routers for SPF forwarding. Unlike
   the [OPQLSA-TE] scheme, OSPF-TE provides the framework for SLA
   enforcement.

4.8.3. Multi-area networks

   The OSPF-TE design parallels the tried and tested native-OSPF
   design. Unlike [OPQLSA-TE], OSPF-TE scales naturally to multi-area
   networks.

4.8.4. Non-packet and Peer-networking models

   OSPF-TE is the only scheme that can support the following



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   network attachments For a non-Packet TE network.
      (a) "Positional-Ring" type network LSA and
      (b) Router Proxying - allowing a router to advertise on behalf
          of other nodes (that are not Packet/OSPF capable).

   Opaque LSA based extensions ([OPQLSA-TE], [OPQLSA-GMPLS]) are not
   suited to distinguish the heterogeneous nodes in a peer-connected
   network. Opaque-LSA based extensions are also not suited to support
   link attachments that are different from point-to-point connections.

5. OSPF-TE solution, assumptions and limitations

5.1. OSPF-TE Solution

   The OSPF-TE uses the options flag as a means to determine the
   TE topology. New TE LSAs are designed to generate an independent
   TE-service tailored LSDB. Sections 8.0 and 9.0 describe the TE
   extensions in detail. Changes required of the OSPF data
   structures in order to support OSPF-TE are described in section
   11.0. The OSPF-TE design is based on the tried and tested OSPF
   paradigm. With TE-LSDB, you have the advantages of retaining the
   scalability of TLV's and the ability to run fast searches through
   the database.

   With the new TE-LSA scheme, an OSPF-TE node will have two types
   of Link state databases (LSDB). A native LSDB that describes the
   native control topology and a TE-LSDB that describes the TE
   topology. Shortest-Path-First algorithm will be used to forward
   IP packets along the native control network. OSPF neighbors data
   structure will be used for flooding along the control topology.

   The TE-LSDB is constituted only of TE nodes and TE links. A variety
   of CSPF algorithms may be used to dynamically setup TE circuit
   paths along the TE network. A new TE-neighbors data structure will
   be used to flood TE LSAs along the TE-only topology. Clearly, the
   the TE nodes will need the control (non-TE) network for OSPF
   communication. The control network may also be used for pinging
   OSPF-TE nodes and performing any debug and monitoring tasks on
   the nodes. However, the ability to make distinction between
   TE and non-TE topologies, allows the bandwidth on TE links to be
   strictly SLA enforceable, even as a TE link is packet-capable.
   The actual characteristics of the TE-link are irrelevant from the
   OPSF-TE perspective. As such, that allows for packet and non-packet
   networks to operate in peer mode.

   Consider the following network where some of the routers and links
   are TE enabled and others are native OSPF routers and links. All
   nodes in the network belong to the same OSPF area.



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                    +---+
                    |   |--------------------------------------+
                    |RT6|\\                                    |
                    +---+  \\                                  |
                     ||      \\                                |
                     ||        \\                              |
                     ||          \\                            |
                     ||          +---+                         |
                     ||          |   |----------------+        |
                     ||          |RT1|\\              |        |
                     ||          +---+  \\            |        |
                     ||          //|      \\          |        |
                     ||        //  |        \\        |        |
                     ||      //    |          \\      |        |
                    +---+  //      |            \\  +---+      |
                    |RT2|//        |              \\|RT3|------+
                    |   |----------|----------------|   |
                    +---+          |                +---+
                                   |                  |
                                   |                  |
                                   |                  |
                                 +---+              +---+
                                 |RT5|--------------|RT4|
                                 +---+              +---+
         Legend:
              --   Native(non-TE) network link
              |    Native(non-TE) network link
              \\   TE network link
              ||   TE network link

                    Figure 6: A (TE + native) OSPF network topology

   In the above network, TE and native OSPF Link State Data bases
   (LSDB) would have been synchronized within the area along the
   following nodes.

   Native OSPF LSDB nodes              TE-LSDB nodes
   ----------------------              -------------
   RT1, RT2, RT3. RT4, RT5, RT6        RT1, RT2, RT3, RT6

   Nodes such as RT1 will have two LSDBs, a native LSDB and a TE-LSDB
   to reach native and TE networks. The TE LSA updates will not impact
   non-TE nodes RT4 and RT5.

5.2. Assumptions

   OSPF-TE design makes the following assumptions.




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   1. An OSPF-TE node with links in an OSPF area will need to
      establish router adjacency with at least one other neighboring
      OSPF-TE node in order for the router's database to be
      synchronized with other routers in the area. Failing this, the
      OSPF router will not be in the TE calculations of other TE
      routers in the area. Refer [FLOOD-OPT] for flooding
      optimizations.

   2. Unlike the native OSPF, OSPF-TE must be capable of advertising
      link state of interfaces that are not capable of handling IP
      packet data. As such, the OSPF-TE protocol cannot be required
      to synchronize its link-state database with neighbors across
      all its links. It is sufficient to synchronize link-state
      database in an area, across a subset of the IP termination
      links. Yet, the TE LSDB (LSA database) should be synchronized
      across all OSPF-TE nodes within an area.

      All nodes and interfaces described by the TE LSAs will be
      present in the TE topology database (a.k.a. TE LSDB).

   3. A link in a packet network can be a TE-link or a native-IP
      link or both. There may be different ways by which to use
      a link for TE and non-TE traffic. For example, a link may
      be used for both types of traffic and satisfy the TE SLA
      requirements, so long as the link is under-subscribed for
      TE (say, 50% of the link capacity is being used). Once the
      TE capacity requirement exceeds the set mark (say, the 50%
      mark), the link may be removed from the non-TE topology.

   4. This document does not require any changes to the existing OSPF
      LSDB implementation. Rather, it suggests the use of another
      database, the TE-LSDB, comprised of the TE LSAs, for TE purposes.

   5. As a general rule, all nodes and links that may be party
      to a TE circuit should be uniquely  identifiable by an IP
      address. As for router ID, a separate loopback IP address
      for the router, independent of the links attached, is
      recommended.

   6. The assumption about to be stated is principally meant for
      non-packet networks such as a SONET TDM network. In non-packet
      networks, each IP subnet on a TE-configurable network MUST have
      a minimum of one node with an interface running OSPF-TE protocol.
      For example, a SONET/SDH TDM ring must have a minimum of one node
      (say, a Gateway Network Element) running the OSPF protocol in
      order to enable TE configuration on all nodes within the ring.

      An OSPF-TE node may advertise more than itself and the links



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      it is directly attached to. It may also advertise other TE
      participants and their links, on their behalf.

5.3. Limitations

   Below are the limitations of the OSPF-TE.

   1. Disjoint TE topologies would have the same problem as an
      OSPF-TE node not forming adjacencies with any other node.
      The disjoint nodes will not be included in the TE topology
      of the rest of the TE routers. It will be the
      responsibility of the network administrator(s) to ensure
      connectedness of the TE network.

      For example, two routers that are physically connected to
      the same link (or broadcast network) need not be router
      adjacent via the Hello protocol, if the link is not IP
      packet terminated.


6. Transition strategy for implementations using Opaque LSAs

   Below is a strategy to transition implementations using opaque
   LSAs to adapt the new TE LSA scheme in a gradual fashion.

   1. Restrict the use of Opaque-LSAs to within an area.

   2. Fold in the TE option flag to construct the TE and non-TE
      topologies in an area, even if the topologies cannot be used
      for flooding within the area.

   3. Use TE-Summary LSAs and TE-AS-external-LSAs for inter-area
      Communication. Make use of the TE-topology within area to
      summarize the TE networks in the area and advertise the same
      to all TE-routers in the backbone. The TE-ABRs on the backbone
      area will in-turn advertise these summaries again within their
      connected areas.


7. The OSPF Options field

   A new TE flag is introduced within the options field to identify
   TE extensions to the OSPF. This bit will be used to distinguish
   between routers that support Traffic engineering extensions and
   those that do not. The OSPF options field is present in OSPF
   Hello packets, Database Description packets and all link state
   advertisements. The TE bit, however, is a requirement only for
   the Hello packets. Use of TE-bit is optional in Database



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   Description packets or LSAs.

   Below is a description of the TE-Bit. Refer [OSPF-V2], [OSPF-NSSA]
   and [OPAQUE] for a description of the remaining bits in options
   field.

                   --------------------------------------
                   |TE | O | DC | EA | N/P | MC | E | * |
                   --------------------------------------
                   The OSPF options field - TE support


   TE-Bit: This bit is set to indicate support for Traffic Engineering
           extensions to the OSPF. The Hello protocol which is used for
           establishing router adjacency and bidirectionality of the
           link will use the TE-bit to build adjacencies between two
           nodes that are either both TE-compliant or not. Two routers
           will not become TE-neighbors unless they agree on the state
           of the TE-bit. TE-compliant OSPF extensions are advertised
           only to the TE-compliant routers. All other routers may
           simply ignore the advertisements.

   There is however a caveat with the above use of the last remaining
   reserved bit in the options field. OSPF v2 will have no more
   reserved bits left for future option extensions. If it is deemed
   necessary to leave this bit as is, we could use OPAQUE-9 LSA (Local
   scope) along each interface to communicate the support for OSPF-TE.


8. Bringing up TE adjacencies; TE vs. Non-TE topologies

   OSPF creates adjacencies between neighboring routers for the purpose
   of exchanging routing information. In the following subsections, we
   describe the use of Hello protocol to establish TE capability
   compliance between neighboring routers of an area. Further, the
   capability is used as the basis to build a TE vs. non-TE network
   topology.

8.1.  The Hello Protocol

   The Hello Protocol is primarily responsible for dynamically
   establishing and maintaining neighbor adjacencies. In a TE network,
   it may not be required or possible for all links and neighbors to
   establish adjacency using this protocol.

   The Hello protocol will use the TE-bit to establish Traffic
   Engineering capability (or not) between two OSPF routers.




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   For NBMA and broadcast networks, this protocol is responsible for
   electing the designated router and the backup designated router.
   For a TDM ring network, the designated and backup designated
   routers may either be preselected (ex: GNE, backup-GNE) or
   determined via the same Hello protocol. In any case, routers
   supporting the TE option shall be given a higher precedence for
   becoming a designated router over those that do not support TE.

8.2. Flooding and the Synchronization of Databases

   In OSPF, adjacent routers within an area must synchronize their
   databases.   However, as observed in [FLOOD-OPT], the requirement
   may be stated more concisely that all routers in an area must
   converge on the same link state database. To do that, it suffices
   to send single copies of LSAs to the neighboring routers in an
   area, rather than send one copy on each of the connected
   interfaces. [FLOOD-OPT] describes in detail how to minimize
   flooding (Initial LSDB synchronization as well as the
   asynchronous LSA updates) within an area.

   With the OSPF-TE described here, a TE-only network topology is
   constructed based on the TE option flag in the Hello packet.
   Subsequent to that, TE LSA flooding in an area is limited to
   TE-only routers in the area, and do not impact non-TE routers
   in the area. A network may be constituted of a combination of
   a TE topology and a non-TE (control) topology. Standard IP
   packet forwarding and routing protocols are possible along the
   control topology.

   In the case where some of the neighbors are TE compliant and
   others are not, the designated router will exchange different
   sets of LSAs with its neighbors. TE LSAs are exchanged only
   with the TE neighbors. Native LSAs do not include description
   for TE links. As such, native LSAs are exchanged with all
   neighbors (TE and non-TE alike) over a shared non-TE link.

   Flooding optimization in a TE network is essential
   for two reasons. First, the control traffic for a TE network is
   likely to be much higher than that of a non-TE network. Flooding
   optimizations help to minimize the announcements and the
   associated retransmissions and acknowledgements on the network.
   Secondly, the TE nodes need to converge at the earliest to keep
   up with TE state changes occurring throughout the TE network.

   This process of flooding along a TE topology cannot be folded
   into the Opaque-LSA based TE scheme ([OPQLSA-TE]), because
   Opaque LSAs (say, LSA #10) have a pre-determined flooding
   scope. Even as a TE topology is available from the use of



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   TE option flag, the TE topology is not usable for flooding
   unless a new TE LSA is devised, whose boundaries can be set to
   span the TE-only routers in an area.

   NOTE, a new All-SPF-TE Multicast address may be used for the
   exchange of TE compliant database descriptors.

8.3.  The Designated Router

   The Designated Router is elected by the Hello Protocol on broadcast
   and NBMA networks. In general, when a router's interface to a
   network first becomes functional, it checks to see whether there is
   currently a Designated Router for the network.  If there is, it
   accepts that Designated Router, regardless of its Router Priority,
   so long as the current designated router is TE compliant. Otherwise,
   the router itself becomes Designated Router if it has the highest
   Router Priority on the network and is TE compliant.

   Clearly, TE-compliance must be implemented on the most robust
   routers only, as they become most likely candidates to take on
   additional role as designated router.

   Alternatively, there can be two sets of designated routers, one for
   the TE compliant routers and another for the native OSPF routers
   (non-TE compliant).

8.4.  The Backup Designated Router

   The Backup Designated Router is also elected by the Hello
   Protocol.  Each Hello Packet has a field that specifies the
   Backup Designated Router for the network. Once again, TE-compliance
   must be weighed in conjunction with router priority in determining
   the backup designated router. Alternatively, there can be two sets
   of backup designated routers, one for the TE compliant routers and
   another for the native OSPF routers (non-TE compliant).

8.5.  The graph of adjacencies

   An adjacency is bound to the network that the two routers have
   in common.  If two routers have multiple networks in common,
   they may have multiple adjacencies between them. The adjacency
   may be split into two different types - Adjacency between
   TE-compliant routers and adjacency between non-TE compliant
   routers. A router may choose to support one or both types of
   adjacency.

   Two graphs are possible, depending on whether a Designated
   Router is elected for the network.  On physical point-to-point



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   networks, Point-to-MultiPoint networks and virtual links,
   neighboring routers become adjacent whenever they can
   communicate directly.  The adjacency can only be one of
   (a) TE-compliant or (b) non-TE compliant. In contrast, on
   broadcast and NBMA networks the Designated Router and the
   Backup Designated Router may maintain two sets of adjacency.
   However, the remaining routers will participate in either
   TE-compliant adjacency or non-TE-compliant adjacency, but not
   both.  In the Broadcast network below, you will notice that
   routers RT7 and RT3 are chosen as the designated and backup
   routers respectively. Within the network, Routers RT3, RT4
   and RT7 are TE-compliant. RT5 and RT6 are not. So, you will
   notice the adjacency variation with RT4 vs. RT5 or RT6.

          +---+            +---+
          |RT1|------------|RT2|            o---------------o
          +---+    N1      +---+           RT1             RT2



                                                 RT7
                                                  o::::::::::
            +---+   +---+   +---+                /|:        :
            |RT7|   |RT3|   |RT4|               / | :       :
            +---+   +---+   +---+              /  |  :      :
              |       |       |               /   |   :     :
         +-----------------------+        RT5o RT6o    oRT4 :
                  |       |     N2            *   *   ;     :
                +---+   +---+                  *  *  ;      :
                |RT5|   |RT6|                   * * ;       :
                +---+   +---+                    **;        :
                                                  o::::::::::
                                                 RT3


       Figure 6: The graph of adjacencies with TE-compliant routers.


9. TE LSAs

   The native OSPF protocol, as of now, has a total of 11 LSA types.
   LSA types 1 through 5 are defined in [OSPF-v2]. LSA types 6, 7
   and 8 are defined in [MOSPF], [NSSA] and [BGP-OSPF] respectively.
   Lastly, LSA types 9 through 11 are defined in [OPAQUE].

   Each of the LSA types have a unique flooding scope defined.
   Opaque LSA types 9 through 11 are general purpose LSAs, with
   flooding scope set to link-local, area-local and AS-wide (except



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   stub areas) respectively. As will become apparent from this
   document, the general purpose content format and the coarse
   flooding scope of Opaque LSAs are not suitable for disseminating
   TE data.

   In the following subsections, we define new LSAs for Traffic
   engineering use. The Values for the new TE LSA types are assigned
   such that the high bit of the LS-type octet is set to 1. The new
   TE LSAs are largely modeled after the existing LSAs for content
   format and have a custom suited flooding scope. Flooding
   optimizations discussed in previous sections shall be used to
   disseminate TE LSAs along the TE-restricted topology.

   A TE-router LSA is defined to advertise TE characteristics
   of the router and all the TE-links attached to the TE-router.
   TE-Link-Update LSA is defined to advertise individual link
   specific TE updates. Flooding scope for both these LSAs is the
   TE topology within the area to which the links belong. I.e.,
   only those OSPF nodes within the area with TE links will receive
   these TE LSAs.

   TE-Summary network and router LSAs are defined to advertise
   the reachability of area-specific TE networks and Area border
   routers(along with router TE characteristics) to external
   areas. Flooding Scope of the TE-Summary LSAs is the TE topology
   in the entire AS less the non-backbone area for which the
   the advertising router is an ABR. Just as with native OSPF
   summary LSAs, the TE-summary LSAs do not reveal the topological
   details of an area to external areas. But, the two summary LSAs
   do differ in some respects. The flooding scope of TE summary
   LSAs is different. As for content, TE summary network LSAs
   simply describe reachability without summarization of network
   access costs. And, unlike the native summary router LSA,
   TE-summary router LSA content includes TE capabilities of the
   advertising TE router.

   TE-AS-external LSA and TE-Circuit-Path LSA are defined to
   advertise AS external network reachability and pre-established
   TE circuits respectively. While flooding scope for both
   these LSAs can be the TE-topology in the entire AS, flooding
   scope for the pre-established TE circuit LSA may optionally be
   restricted to just the TE topology within an area.

   Lastly, the new TE LSAs are defined so as to permit peer
   operation of packet networks and non-packet networks alike.
   As such, a new TE-Router-Proxy LSA is defined to allow
   advertisement of a TE router, that is not OSPF capable, by
   an OSPF-TE node as a proxy.



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9.1. TE-Router LSA (0x81)

   The TE-router LSA (0x81) is modeled after the router LSA with the
   same flooding scope as the router-LSA, except that the scope is
   restricted to TE-only nodes within the area. The TE-router LSA
   describes the TE metrics of the router as well as the TE-links
   attached to the router. Below is the format of the TE-router LSA.
   Unless specified explicitly otherwise, the fields carry the same
   meaning as they do in a router LSA. Only the differences are
   explained below. Router-TE flags, Router-TE TLVs, Link-TE options,
   and Link-TE TLVs are each independently described in a separate
   sub-section.

        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |            LS age             |     Options   |     0x81      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                        Link State ID                          |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     Advertising Router                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     LS sequence number                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |         LS checksum           |             length            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    0    |V|E|B|      0        |       Router-TE flags         |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |  Router-TE flags (contd.)     |       Router-TE TLVs          |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     ....                                      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     ....      |            # of TE links      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                          Link ID                              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Link Data                             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     Type      |        0      |    Link-TE flags              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |   Link-TE flags (contd.)      |  Zero or more Link-TE TLVs    |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                          Link ID                              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Link Data                             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                              ...                              |



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   Option
        In TE-capable router nodes, the TE-bit may be set to 1.

   The following fields are used to describe each router link (i.e.,
   interface). Each router link is typed (see the below Type field).
   The Type field indicates the kind of link being described.

   Type
        A new link type "Positional-Ring Type" (value 5) is defined.
        This is essentially a connection to a TDM-Ring. TDM ring network
        is different from LAN/NBMA transit network in that, nodes on the
        TDM ring do not necessarily have a terminating path between
        themselves. Secondly, the order of links is important in
        determining the circuit path. Third, the protection switching
        and the number of fibers from a node going into a ring are
        determined by the ring characteristics. I.e., 2-fiber vs
        4-fiber ring and UPSR vs BLSR protected ring.

                 Type   Description
                 __________________________________________________
                 1      Point-to-point connection to another router
                 2      Connection to a transit network
                 3      Connection to a stub network
                 4      Virtual link
                 5      Positional-Ring Type.

   Link ID
        Identifies the object that this router link connects to.
        Value depends on the link's Type. For a positional-ring type,
        the Link ID shall be IP Network/Subnet number, just as with a
        broadcast transit network. The following table summarizes the
        updated Link ID values.

                       Type   Link ID
                       ______________________________________
                       1      Neighboring router's Router ID
                       2      IP address of Designated Router
                       3      IP network/subnet number
                       4      Neighboring router's Router ID
                       5      IP network/subnet number

   Link Data
        This depends on the link's Type field. For type-5 links, this
        specifies the router interface's IP address.




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9.1.1. Router-TE flags - TE capabilities of the router

        Below is an initial set of definitions. More may be standardized
        if necessary. The TLVs are not expanded in the current rev. Will
        be done in the follow-on revs. The field imposes a restriction
        of no more than 32 flags to describe the TE capabilities of a
        router-TE.


       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |L|L|P|T|L|F|                                           |S|S|S|C|
       |S|E|S|D|S|S|                                           |T|E|I|S|
       |R|R|C|M|C|C|                                           |A|L|G|P|
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |<---- Boolean TE flags ------->|<- TE flags pointing to TLVs ->|


       Bit LSR
           When set, the router is considered to have LSR capability.

       Bit LER
           When set, the router is considered to have LER capability.
           All MPLS border routers will be required to have the LER
           capability. When the E bit is also set, that indicates an
           AS Boundary router with LER capability. When the B bit is
           also set, that indicates an area border router with LER
           capability.

       Bit PSC
           Indicates the node is Packet Switch Capable.

       Bit TDM
           Indicates the node is TDM circuit switch capable.

       Bit LSC
           Indicates the node is Lamda switch Capable.

       Bit FSC
           Indicates the node is Fiber (can also be a non-fiber link
           type) switch capable.

       Bit STA
           Label Stack Depth limit TLV follows. This is applicable only
           when the PSC flag is set.

       Bit SEL
           TE Selection Criteria TLV, supported by the router, follows.




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       Bit SIG
           MPLS Signaling protocol support TLV follows.

       BIT CSPF
           CSPF algorithm support TLV follows.


9.1.2. Router-TE TLVs

      The following Router-TE TLVs are defined.

      TE-selection-Criteria TLV (Tag ID = 1)

          The values can be a series of resources  that may be used
          as the criteria for traffic engineering (typically with the
          aid of a signaling protocol such as RSVP-TE or CR-LDP or LDP).

                    - Bandwidth based LSPs (1)
                    - Priority based LSPs  (2)
                    - Backup LSP           (3)
                    - Link cost            (4)

          Bandwidth criteria is often used in conjunction with Packet
          Switch Capable nodes. The unit of bandwidth permitted to be
          configured may however vary from vendor to vendor. Bandwidth
          criteria may also be used in conjunction with TDM nodes. Once
          again, the granularity of bandwidth allocation may vary from
          vendor to vendor.

          Priority based traffic switching is relevant only to Packet
          Switch Capable nodes. Nodes supporting this criteria will
          be able to interpret the EXP bits on the MPLS header to
          prioritize the traffic across the same LSP.

          Backup criteria refers to whether or not the node is capable
          of finding automatic protection path in the case the
          originally selected link fails. Such a local recovery is
          specific to the node and may not need to be notified to the
          upstream node.

      MPLS-Signaling protocol TLV (Tag ID = 3)
          The value can be 2 bytes long,  listing a combination of
          RSVP-TE, CR-LDP and LDP.

      Constraint-SPF algorithms-Support TLV (Tag ID = 4)
          List all the CSPF algorithms supported. Support for CSPF
          algorithms on a node is an indication that the node may be
          requested for all or partial circuit path selection during



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          circuit setup time. This can be beneficial in knowing
          whether or not the node is capable of expanding loose
          routes (in an MPLS signaling request) into an LSP. Further,
          the CSPF algorithm support on an intermediate node can be
          beneficial when the node terminates one or more of the
          hierarchical LSP tunnels.

      Label Stack Depth TLV (Tag ID = 5)
          Applicable only for PSC-Type traffic. A default value of 1
          is assumed. This indicates the depth of label stack the
          node is capable of processing on an ingress interface.

9.1.3. Link-TE options - TE capabilities of a TE-link

       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |T|N|P|T|L|F|D|                                         |S|L|B|C|
       |E|T|K|D|S|S|B|                                         |R|U|W|O|
       | |E|T|M|C|C|S|                                         |L|G|A|L|
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |<---- Boolean TE flags ------->|<- TE flags pointing to TLVs ->|


       TE       - Indicates whether TE is permitted on the link. A link
                  can be denied for TE use by setting the flag to 0.

       NTE      - Indicates whether non-TE traffic is permitted on the
                  TE link. This flag is relevant only when the TE
                  flag is set.

       PKT      - Indicates whether or not the link is capable of
                  packet termination.

       TDM, LSC, FSC bits
                - Same as defined for router TE options.

       DBS      - Indicates whether or not Database synchronization
                  is permitted on this link.

       SRLG Bit - Shared Risk Link Group TLV follows.

       LUG  bit - Link usage cost metric TLV follows.

       BWA  bit - Data Link bandwidth TLV follows.

       COL bit  - Data link Color TLV follows.


9.1.4. Link-TE TLVs



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       SRLG-TLV
            This describes the list of Shared Risk Link Groups the link
            belongs to. Use 2 bytes to list each SRLG.

       BWA-TLV
            This indicates the maximum bandwidth, available bandwidth,
            reserved bandwidth for later use etc. This TLV may also
            describe the Data link Layer protocols supported and the
            Data link MTU size.

       LUG-TLV
           This indicates the link usage cost - Bandwidth unit, Unit
           usage cost, LSP setup cost, minimum and maximum durations
           permitted for setting up the TLV etc., including any time
           of day constraints.

       COLOR-TLV
           This is similar to the SRLG TLV, in that an autonomous
           system may choose to issue colors to link based on a
           certain criteria. This TLV can be used to specify the
           color assigned to the link within the scope of the AS.


9.2. TE-incremental-link-Update LSA (0x8d)

   A significant difference between a non-TE OSPF network and a TE OSPF
   network is that the latter is subject to dynamic circuit pinning and
   is more likely to undergo state updates. Specifically, some links
   might undergo changes more frequently than others. Advertising the
   entire TE-router LSA in response to a change in any single link
   could be repetitive. Flooding the network with TE-router LSAs at the
   aggregated speed of all the dynamic changes is simply not desirable.
   The TE-incremental-link-update LSA advertises only the incremental
   link updates.

   The TE-incremental-link-Update LSA will be advertised as frequently
   as the link state is changed. The TE-link sequence is largely the
   advertisement of a sub-portion of router LSA. The sequence number on
   this will be incremented with the TE-router LSA's sequence as the
   basis. When an updated TE-router LSA is advertised within 30 minutes
   of the previous advertisement, the updated TE-router LSA will assume
   a sequence no. that is larger than the most frequently updated of
   its links.

   Below is the format of the TE-incremental-link-update LSA.





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        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |            LS age             |     Options   |     0x8d      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                        Link State ID (same as Link ID)        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     Advertising Router                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     LS sequence number                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |         LS checksum           |             length            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Link Data                             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     Type      |        0      |    Link-TE options            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     Link-TE options           | Zero or more Link-TE TLVs     |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     # TOS     |                            metric             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                              ...                              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |      TOS      |        0      |          TOS  metric          |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Link State ID
       This would be exactly the same as would have been specified as
       as Link ID for a link within the router-LSA.

   Link Data
       This specifies the router ID the link belongs to. In majority of
       cases, this would be same as the advertising router. This choice
       for Link Data is primarily to facilitate proxy advertisement for
       incremental link updates.

       Say, a router-proxy-LSa was used to advertise the TE-router-LSA
       of a SONET/TDM node. Say, the proxy router is now required to
       advertise incremental-link-update for the same SONET/TDM node.
       Specifying the actual router-ID the link in the
       incremental-link-update-LSA belongs to helps receiving nodes in
       finding the exact match for the LSA in their database.

   The tuple of (LS Type, LSA ID, Advertising router) uniquely identify
   the LSA and replace LSAs of the same tuple with an older sequence
   number. However, there is an exception to this rule in the context
   of TE-link-update LSA. TE-Link update LSA will initially assume the
   sequence number of the TE-router LSA it belongs to. Further, when a



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   new TE-router LSA update with a larger sequence number is advertised,
   the newer sequence number is assumed by al the link LSAs.

9.3. TE-Circuit-paths LSA (0x8C)

    TE-Circuit-paths LSA may be used to advertise the availability of
    pre-established TE circuit path(s) originating from any router
    in the network. The flooding scope may be Area wide or AS wide.

        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |            LS age             |     Options   |      0x84     |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                       Link State ID                           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     Advertising Router                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     LS sequence number                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |         LS checksum           |             length            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |      0    |G|E|B|D|S|T|CktType| Circuit Duration (Optional)   |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                 Circuit Duration cont...                      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       | Circuit Duartion cont..       | Circuit Setup time (Optional) |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                 Circuit Setup time cont...                    |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       | Circuit Setup time cont..     |Circuit Teardown time(Optional)|
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                 Circuit Teardown time cont...                 |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       | Circuit Teardown time cont..  |  No. of TE circuit paths      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                          Circuit-TE ID                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Circuit-TE Data                       |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     Type      |        0      |    Circuit-TE flags           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |   Circuit-TE flags (contd.)   |  Zero or more Circuit-TE TLVs |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                          Circuit-TE ID                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Circuit-TE Data                       |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



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       |                              ...                              |


   Link State ID
       The ID of the far-end router or the far-end Link-ID to which the
       TE circuit path(s) is being advertised.

   TE-circuit-path(s) flags

       Bit G - When set, the flooding scope is set to be AS wide.
               Otherwise, the flooding scope is set to be area wide.

       Bit E - When set, the advertised Link-State ID is an AS boundary
               router (E is for external). The advertising router and
               the Link State ID belong to the same area.

       Bit B - When set, the advertised Link state ID is an Area border
               router (B is for Border)

       Bit D - When set, this indicates that the duration of circuit
               path validity follows.

       Bit S - When set, this indicates that Setup-time of the circuit
               path follows.

       Bit T - When set, this indicates that teardown-time of the
               circuit path follows.

   CktType
       This 4-bit field specifies the Circuit type of the Forward
       Equivalency Class (FC).
                0x01 - Origin is Router, Destination is Router.
                0x02 - Origin is Link,   Destination is Link.
                0x04 - Origin is Router, Destination is Link.
                0x08 - Origin is Link,   Destination is Router.

   Circuit Duration (Optional)
       This 64-bit number specifies the seconds from the time of the
       LSA advertisement for which the adversited pre-established
       TE circuit path will be valid. This field is specified only
       when the D-bit is set in the TE-circuit-path flags.

   Circuit Setup time (Optional)
       This 64-bit number specifies the time at which the TE-circuit
       path may be setup. This field is specified only when the
       S-bit is set in the TE-circuit-path flags. The setup time is
       specified as the number of seconds from the start of January
       1 1970 UTC.



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   Circuit Teardown time (Optional)
       This 64-bit number specifies the time at which the TE-circuit
       path may be torn down. This field is specified only when the
       T-bit is set in the TE-circuit-path flags. The teardown time
       is specified as the number of seconds from the start of
       January 1 1970 UTC.

   No. of TE Circuit paths
       This indicates the number of pre-established TE circuit paths
       between the advertising router and the router specified in the
       link state ID.

   Circuit-TE ID
       This is the ID of the far-end router for a given TE-circuit
       path segment.

   Circuit-TE Data
       This is the virtual link identifier on the near-end router for
       a given TE-circuit path segment. This can be a private
       interface or handle the near-end router uses to identify the
       virtual link.

       The sequence of (circuit-TE ID, Circuit-TE Data) list the
       end-point nodes and links in the LSA as a series.

   Circuit-TE flags
        This lists the Zero or more TE-link TLVs that all member
        elements of the LSP meet.

9.4. TE-Summary LSAs

    TE-Summary-LSAs are the Type 0x83 and 0x84 LSAs. These LSAs are
    originated by area border routers. TE-Summary-network-LSA (0x83)
    describes the  reachability of TE networks in a non-backbone
    area, advertised by the Area Border Router. Type 0x84
    summary-LSA describes the reachability of Area Border Routers
    and AS border routers and their TE capabilities.

    One of the benefits of having multiple areas within an AS is
    that frequent TE advertisements within the area do not impact
    outside the area. Only the TE abstractions as befitting the
    external areas are advertised.

9.4.1. TE-Summary Network LSA (0x83)

    TE-summary network LSA may be used to advertise reachability of
    TE-networks accessible to areas external to the originating



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    area. The content and the flooding scope of a TE-Summary LSA
    is different from that of a native summary LSA.

    The scope of flooding for a TE-summary network is AS wide, with
    the exception of the originating area and the stub areas. The
    area border router for each non-backbone area is responsible
    for advertising the reachability of backbone networks into the
    area.

    Unlike a native-summary network LSA, TE-summary network LSA does
    not advertise summary costs to reach networks within an area.
    This is because, TE parameters are not necessarily additive or
    comparative. The parameters can be varied in their expression.
    A TE-summary network LSA will not be know to summarize a
    network whose links do not fall under an SRLG (Shared-Risk Link
    Group). This is way, the TE-summary LSA merely advertises the
    reachable of TE networks within an area. The specific circuit
    paths can be computed by the BDRs. On the other hand, if there
    are specific circuit paths to advertise, that can be done
    independently using TE-Circuit-path LSA (refer: section 9.3)



        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |            LS age             |     Options   |    0x83       |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                  Link State ID  (IP Network Number)           |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |            Advertising Router (Area Border Router)            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     LS sequence number                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |         LS checksum           |             length            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Network Mask                          |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Area-ID                               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


9.4.2. TE-Summary router LSA (0x84)

    TE-summary router LSA may be used to advertise the availability of
    Area Border Routers (ABRs) and AS Border Routers (ASBRs) that are
    TE capable. The TE-summary router LSAs are originated by the Area
    Border Routers. The scope of flooding for the TE-summary router LSA



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    is the non-backbone area the advertising ABR belongs to.

        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |            LS age             |     Options   |      0x84     |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     Link State ID                             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     Advertising Router (ABR)                  |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     LS sequence number                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |         LS checksum           |             length            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |    0      |E|B|      0        |       No. of Areas            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     Area-ID                                   |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                       ...                                     |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                   Router-TE flags                             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                   Router-TE TLVs                              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     ....                                      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   Link State ID
       The ID of the Area border router or the AS border router whose
       TE capability is being advertised.

   Advertising Router
       The ABR that advertises its TE capabilities (and the OSPF areas
       it belongs to) or the TE capabilities of an ASBR within one of
       the areas the ABR is a border router of.

   No. of Areas
       Specifies the number of OSPF areas the link state ID belongs to.

   Area-ID
       Specifies the OSPF area(s) the link state ID belongs to. When
       the link state ID is same as the advertising router ID, this
       lists all the areas the ABR belongs to. In the case the
       link state ID is an ASBR, this simply lists the area the
       ASBR belongs to. The advertising router is assumed to be the
       ABR from the same area the ASBR is located in.



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   Summary-router-TE flags

       Bit E - When set, the advertised Link-State ID is an AS boundary
               router (E is for external). The advertising router and
               the Link State ID belong to the same area.

       Bit B - When set, the advertised Link state ID is an Area
               border router (B is for Border)

   Router-TE flags,
   Router-TE TLVs  (TE capabilities of the link-state-ID router)

       TE Flags and TE TLVs are as applicable to the ABR/ASBR
       specified in the link state ID. The semantics is same as
       specified in the Router-TE LSA.

9.5. TE-AS-external LSAs (0x85)

   TE-AS-external-LSAs are the Type 0x85 LSAs. This is modeled after
   AS-external LSA format and flooding scope. These LSAs are originated
   by AS boundary routers with TE extensions (say, a BGP node which can
   communicate MPLS labels across to external ASes), and describe
   networks and pre-established TE links external to the AS. The
   flooding scope of this LSA is similar to that of an AS-external LSA.
   I.e., AS wide, with the exception of stub areas.


        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |            LS age             |     Options   |      0x85     |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                        Link State ID                          |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     Advertising Router                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     LS sequence number                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |         LS checksum           |             length            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Network Mask                          |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                       Forwarding address                      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                      External Route Tag                       |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |  #  of Virtual TE links       |                 0             |



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       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                      Link-TE flags                            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                      Link-TE TLVs                             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                              ...                              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                      TE-Forwarding address                    |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                      External Route TE Tag                    |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                              ...                              |

    Network Mask
        The IP address mask for the advertised TE destination.  For
        example, this can be used to specify access to a specific
        TE-node or TE-link with an mask of 0xffffffff. This can also
        be used to specify access to an aggregated set of destinations
        using a different mask, ex: 0xff000000.

    Link-TE flags,
    Link-TE TLVs
        The TE attributes of this route. These fields are optional and
        are provided only when one or more pre-established circuits can
        be specified with the advertisement. Without these fields,
        the LSA will simply state TE reachability info.

    Forwarding address
        Data traffic for the advertised destination will be forwarded to
        this address.  If the Forwarding address is set to 0.0.0.0, data
        traffic will be forwarded instead to the LSA's originator (i.e.,
        the responsible AS boundary router).

    External Route Tag
        A 32-bit field attached to each external route.  This is not
        used by the OSPF protocol itself.  It may be used to communicate
        information between AS boundary routers; the precise nature of
        such information is outside the scope of this specification.

9.6. Changes to Network LSA

   Network-LSA is the Type 2 LSA. With the exception of the following,
   no additional changes will be required to this LSA for TE
   compatibility. The LSA format and flooding scope remains unchanged.

   A network-LSA is originated for each broadcast, NBMA and
   Positional-Ring type network in the area which supports two or
   more routers.  The TE option is also required to be set while



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   propagating the TDM network LSA.

9.6.1. Positional-Ring type network LSA - New Network type for TDM-ring.
        - Ring ID: (Network Address/Mask)
        - No. of elements in the ring (a.k.a. ring neighbors)
        - Ring Bandwidth
        - Ring Protection (UPSR/BLSR)
        - ID of individual nodes (Interface IP address)
        - Ring type (2-Fiber vs. 4-Fiber, SONET vs. SDH)

   Network LSA will be required for SONET RING. Unlike the broadcast
   type, the sequence in which the NEs are placed on a RING-network
   is pertinent. The nodes in the ting must be described clock wise,
   assuming the GNE as the starting element.

9.7. TE-Router-Proxy LSA (0x8e)

   This is a variation to the TE-router LSA in that the TE-router LSA
   is not advertised by the network element, but rather by a trusted
   TE-router Proxy. This is typically the scenario in a non-packet
   TE network, where some of the nodes do not have OSPF functionality
   and count on a helper node to do the advertisement for them. One
   such example would be the SONET/SDH ADM nodes in a TDM ring. The
   nodes may principally depend upon the GNE (Gateway Network Element)
   to do the advertisement for them. TE-router-Proxy LSA shall not be
   used to advertise Area Border Routers and/or AS border Routers.


        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |            LS age             |     Options   |     0x8e      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |      Link State ID  (Router ID of the TE Network Element)     |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     Advertising Router                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                     LS sequence number                        |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |         LS checksum           |             length            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                 0             |       Router-TE flags         |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |  Router-TE flags (contd.)     |       Router-TE TLVs          |
       +---------------------------------------------------------------+
       |                     ....                                      |
       +---------------------------------------------------------------+
       |                     ....      |      # of TE links            |



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       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                          Link ID                              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Link Data                             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |     Type      |        0      |    Link-TE options            |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |   Link-TE flags               |  Zero or more Link-TE TLVs    |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                          Link ID                              |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                         Link Data                             |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                              ...                              |

9.8. Others

   We may also introduce a new TE-NSSA LSA, similar to the native-NSSA
   LSA. TE-NSSA will help ensure that not all external TE routes are
   flooded into the NSSA area. A TE capable router can become the NSSA
   translator. All parameters and contents of TE-NSSA LSAs are
   transferred as is.


10. Abstract topology representation with TE support

   Below, we assume a TE network that is composed of three OSPF areas,
   namely Area-1, Area-2 and Area-3, attached together through the
   backbone area. The following figure is an inter-area topology
   abstraction from the perspective of routers in Area-1. The
   abstraction is similar, but not the same, as that of the non-TE
   abstraction. As such, the authors claim the model is easy to
   understand and emulate. The abstraction illustrates reachability
   of TE networks and nodes in areas external to the local area and
   ASes external to the local AS. The abstraction also illustrates
   pre-established TE links that may be advertised by ABRs and ASBRs.

   Area-1 an has a single border router, ABR-A1 and no ASBRs. Area-2
   has an Area border router ABR-A2 and an AS border router ASBR-S1.
   Area-3 has two Area border routers ABR-A2 and ABR-A3; and an AS
   border router ASBR-S2. There may be any number of Pre-engineered
   TE links amongst ABRs and ASBRs. The following example assumes a
   single TE-link between ABR-A1 and ABR-A2; between ABR-A1 and
   ABR-A3; between ABR-A2 to ASBR-S1; and between ABR-A3 to ASBR-S2.
   All Area border routers and AS border routers are assumed to
   be represented by their TE capabilities.





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                           +-------+
                           |Area-1 |
                           +-------+
    +-------------+            |
    |Reachable TE |        +------+
    |networks in  |--------|ABR-A1|
    |backbone area|        +------+
    +-------------+         | | |
              +-------------+ | +-------------------+
              |                 |                   |
    +-----------------+       |             +-----------------+
    |Pre-engineered TE|    +----------+     |Pre-engineered TE|
    |circuit path(s)  |    | Backbone |     |circuit path(s)  |
    |to ABR-A2        |    | Area     |     |to ABR-A3        |
    +-----------------+    +----------+     +-----------------+
              |               |   |                 |
              +----------+    |   |                 |
                         |    |   +--------------+  |
    +-----------+        |    |                  |  |     +-----------+
    |Reachable  |   +------------+              +------+  |Reachable  |
    |TE networks|---|    ABR-A2  |              |ABR-A3|--|TE networks|
    |in Area A2 |   +------------+              +------+  |in Area A3 |
    +-----------+   /   | | |                     | |     +-----------+
                  /     | | +-------------------+ | +----------+
                /       | +-------------+       | |            |
    +-----------+ +--------------+      |       | |    +--------------+
    |Reachable  | |Pre-engineered|      |       | |    |Pre-engineered|
    |TE networks| |TE Ckt path(s)|  +------+  +------+ |TE Ckt path(s)|
    |in Area A3 | |to ASBR-S1    |  |Area-2|  |Area-3| |to ASBR-S2    |
    +-----------+ +--------------+  +------+  +------+ +--------------+
                             |      /              |        /
    +-------------+          |     /               |       /
    |AS external  |      +---------+          +-------------+
    |TE-network   |------| ASBR-S1 |          |  ASBR-S2    |
    |reachability |      +---------+          +-------------+
    |from ASBR-S1 |         |                   |        |
    +-------------+         |                   |        |
            +-----------------+   +-------------+   +-----------------+
            |Pre-engineered TE|   |AS External  |   |Pre-engineered TE|
            |circuit path(s)  |   |TE-Network   |   |circuit path(s)  |
            |reachable from   |   |reachability |   |reachable from   |
            |ASBR-S1          |   |from ASBR-S2 |   |ASBR-S2          |
            +-----------------+   +-------------+   +-----------------+

   Figure 9: Inter-Area Abstraction as viewed by Area-1 TE-routers





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11. Changes to Data structures in OSPF-TE nodes

11.1. Changes to Router data structure

   The router with TE extensions must be able to include all the
   TE capabilities (as specified in section 7.1) in the router data
   structure. Further, routers providing proxy service to other TE
   routers must also track the router and associated interface data
   structures for all the TE client nodes for which the proxy
   service is being provided. Presumably, the interaction between
   the Proxy server and the proxy clients is out-of-band.

11.2. Two set of Neighbors

   Two sets of neighbor data structures will need to be maintained.
   TE-neighbors set is used to advertise TE LSAs. Only the TE-nodes
   will be members of the TE-neighbor set. Native neighbors set will
   be used to advertise native LSAs. All neighboring nodes supporting
   non-TE links can be part of this set. As for flooding optimizations
   based on neighbors set, readers may refer [FLOOD-OPT].

11.3. Changes to Interface data structure

   The following new fields are introduced to the interface data
   structure. These changes are in addition to the changes specified
   in [FLOOD-OPT].

   TePermitted
       If the value of the flag is TRUE, the interface is permissible
       to be advertised as a TE-enabled interface.

   NonTePermitted
       If the value of the flag is TRUE, the interface permits non-TE
       traffic on the interface. Specifically, this is applicable to
       packet networks, where data links may permit both TE and non-TE
       packets. For FSC and LSC TE networks, this flag will be set to
       FALSE. For Packet networks that do not permit non-TE traffic on
       TE links also, this flag is set to TRUE.

   PktTerminated
       If the value of the flag is TRUE, the interface terminates
       Packet data and hence may be used for IP and OSPF data exchange.

   AdjacencySychRequired
       If the value of the flag is TRUE, the interface may be used to
       synchronize the LSDB across all adjacent neighbors. This is
       TRUE by default to all PktTerminated interfaces that are
       enabled for OSPF. However, it is possible to set this to FALSE



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       for some of the interfaces.

   TE-TLVs
       Each interface may potentially have a maximum of 16 TLVS that
       describe the link characteristics.

   The following existing fields in Interface data structure will take
   on additional values to support TE extensions.

   Type
       The OSPF interface type can also be of type "Positional-RING".
       The Positional-ring type is different from other types (such
       as broadcast and NBMA) in that the exact location of the nodes
       on the ring is relevant, even as they are all on the same
       ring. SONET ADM ring is a good example of this. Complete ring
       positional-ring description may be provided by the GNE on a
       ring as a TE-network LSA for the ring.

   List of Neighbors
       The list may be statically defined for an interface, without
       requiring the use of Hello protocol.


12. IANA Considerations

12.1. TE-compliant-SPF routers Multicast address allocation

12.2. New TE-LSA Types

12.3. New TLVs (Router-TE and Link-TE TLVs)

12.3.1. TE-selection-Criteria TLV (Tag ID = 1)
          - Bandwidth based LSPs (1)
          - Priority based LSPs  (2)
          - Backup LSP           (3)
          - Link cost            (4)

12.3.2. MPLS-Signaling protocol TLV (Tag ID = 3)
          - RSVP-TE signaling
          - LDP signaling
          - CR-LDP signaling

12.3.3. Constraint-SPF algorithms-Support TLV (Tag ID = 4)
          - CSPF Algorithm Codes.

12.3.4. SRLG-TLV (Tag ID = 0x81)
          - SRLG group IDs




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12.3.5. BW-TLV (Tag ID = 0x82)

12.3.6  CO-TLV (Tag ID = 0x83)


13. Acknowledgements

   The authors wish to thank Vishwas Manral, Chitti Babu, Riyad
   Hartani and Tricci So for their valuable comments and feedback
   on the draft.


14. Security Considerations

   This memo does not create any new security issues for the OSPF
   protocol. Security considerations for the base OSPF protocol are
   covered in [OSPF-v2]. As a general rule, a TE network is likely
   to generate significantly more control traffic than a native
   OSPF network. The excess traffic is almost directly proportional
   to the rate at which TE circuits are setup and torn down within
   an autonomous system. It is important to ensure that TE database
   synchronizations happen quickly when compared to the aggregate
   circuit setup an tear-down rates.


REFERENCES

   [IETF-STD] Bradner, S., " The Internet Standards Process --
              Revision 3", RFC 1602, IETF, October 1996.

   [RFC 1700] J. Reynolds and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers",
              RFC 1700

   [MPLS-TE]  Awduche, D., et al, "Requirements for Traffic
              Engineering Over MPLS," RFC 2702, September 1999.

   [GMPLS-TE] P.A. Smith et. al, "Generalized MPLS - Signaling
              Functional Description", work in progress,
              draft-ietf-mpls-generalized-signaling-03.txt

   [RSVP-TE]  Awduche, D., L. Berger, D. Gan, T. Li, V. Srinivasan,
              and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
              Tunnels", RFC3209, IETF, December 2001

   [CR-LDP]   Jamoussi, B. et al, "Constraint-Based LSP Setup
              using LDP", draft-ietf-mpls-cr-ldp-06.txt,
              Work in Progress.




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   [OSPF-v2]  Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", RFC 2328, April 1998.

   [MOSPF]    Moy, J., "Multicast Extensions to OSPF", RFC 1584,
              March 1994.

   [NSSA]     Coltun, R., V. Fuller and P. Murphy, "The OSPF NSSA
              Option", draft-ietf-ospf-nssa-update-10.txt, Work in
              Progress.

   [OPAQUE]   Coltun, R., "The OSPF Opaque LSA Option," RFC 2370,
              July 1998.

   [FLOOD-OPT] Zinin, A. and M. Shand, "Flooding Optimizations in
              link-state routing protocols", work in progress,
              <draft-ietf-ospf-isis-flood-opt-01.txt>

   [OPQLSA-TE] Katz, D., D. Yeung and K. Kompella, "Traffic
              Engineering Extensions to OSPF", work in progress,
              <draft-katz-yeung-ospf-traffic-06.txt>

   [OPQLSA-GMPLS] Kompella, K., Y. Rekhter,  A. Banerjee, J. Drake,
              G. Bernstein, D. Fedyk, E. Mannie, D. Saha and
              V. Sharma, "OSPF Extensions in Support of Generalized
              MPLS", <draft-ietf-ccamp-ospf-gmpls-extensions-01.txt>,
              work in progress.



Authors' Addresses

   Pyda Srisuresh
   Kuokoa Networks, Inc.
   475 Potrero Avenue
   Sunnyvale, CA 94085
   U.S.A.
   EMail: srisuresh@yahoo.com

   Paul Joseph
   Force10 Networks
   1440 McCarthy Boulevard
   Milpitas, CA 95035
   U.S.A.
   EMail: pjoseph@Force10Networks.com








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