Network Working Group M. Montemurro, Ed.
Internet-Draft A. Allen
Intended status: Informational Blackberry
Expires: January 6, 2014 D. McDonald
Eircom
P. Gosden
GSM Association
July 5, 2013
A Uniform Resource Name Namespace for the GSM Association (GSMA) and the
International Mobile station Equipment Identity (IMEI)
draft-montemurro-gsma-imei-urn-15
Abstract
This specification defines a Uniform Resource Name namespace for the
GSMA (GSM Association)and a sub-namespace for the IMEI (International
Mobile station Equipment Identity), and an associated parameter for
the IMEISV (International Mobile station Equipment Identity and
Software Version number). The IMEI is 15 decimal digits long and the
IMEISV is 16 decimal digits long and both are encoded using Binary
Encoded Decimal (BCD). The IMEI and IMEISV were introduced as part
of the specification for Global System for Mobile communications(GSM)
and are also now incorporated by the 3rd Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP) as part of the 3GPP specification for GSM, the
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and 3GPP LTE (Long
Term Evolution). The IMEI and IMEISV are used to uniquely identify
Mobile Equipment within these systems and are managed by the GSMA.
Status of this Memo
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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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Copyright Notice
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Namespace Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. GSMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1. IMEI Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1.1. Type Allocation Code (TAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1.2. Serial Number (SNR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1.3. Spare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1.4. Binary Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2. IMEISV Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.1. Type Allocation Code (TAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.2. Serial Number (SNR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.3. Software Version Number (SVN) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.4. Binary Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. Community considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. Namespace considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. IANA considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10.1. Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10.2. Informative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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1. Introduction
This specification defines a Uniform Resource Name namespace for the
GSMA (GSM Association) and a sub-namespace for the IMEI
(International Mobile station Equipment Identity), and associated
parameter for the Software Version number from the IMEISV
(International Mobile station Equipment Identity and Software Version
number) as per the namespace registration requirement found in [1].
The namespace gsma is a namespace for identities used in GSM, UMTS
and LTE networks. The IMEI and the IMEISV are managed by the GSMA,
so this namespace would be managed by the GSMA. Whilst this
specification currently specifies only the IMEI sub-namespace under
the GSMA URN namespace additional sub-namespaces under the GSMA
namespace may be specified in the future by the GSMA through the
publication of future Informational RFCs.
The IMEI is 15 decimal digits long and includes a Type Allocation
Code (TAC) of 8 decimal digits and a Serial Number (SNR) of 6 decimal
digits plus a Spare decimal digit. The TAC identifies the type of
the Mobile Equipment and is chosen from a range of values allocated
to the Mobile Equipment manufacturer in order to uniquely identify
the model of the Mobile Equipment. The SNR is an individual serial
number that uniquely identifies each Mobile Equipment within the TAC.
The Spare digit is used as a check digit to validate the IMEI and is
always set to the value 0 when transmitted by the Mobile Equipment.
The IMEISV is 16 decimal digits long and includes the TAC and SNR
same as for the IMEI but also a 2 decimal digit Software Version
Number (SVN) which is allocated by the Mobile Equipment manufacturer
to identify the software version of the Mobile Equipment.
The information here is meant to be a concise guide for those wishing
to use the IMEI and IMEISV as URNs. Nothing in this document should
be construed to override 3GPP TS 23.003 [2] that defines the IMEI and
IMEISV.
The GSM Association (GSMA) is a global trade association representing
nearly 800 mobile phone operators across 220 territories and
countries of the world. The primary goals of the GSMA are to ensure
mobile phones and wireless services work globally and are easily
accessible. Further details about the GSMA role in allocating the
IMEI and the IMEISV and the IMEI and IMEISV allocation guidelines can
be found in GSMA PRD TS.06 [3].
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
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"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [4].
3. Namespace Registration Template
3.1. GSMA
Namespace ID: "gsma" requested
Registration Information:
Registration version number: 1
Registration date: 2013-07-02
Declared registrant of the namespace:
Registering organization:
Name: GSM Association
Address: 1st Floor, Mid City Place, 71 High Holborn, London, England
Designated contact person:
Name: Paul Gosden
Coordinates: pgosden@gsma.com
Declaration of syntactic structure:
The identifier is expressed in ASCII characters and has a
hierarchical structure expressed using the augmented Backus-Naur
Form (ABNF) defined in [8] as follows:
gsma-urn = "urn:gsma:" gsma-specifier
*(":" gsma-specifier-defined-substring)
*(";" gsma-specifier-param)
gsma-specifier = "imei" / gsma-specifier-defined-string
gsma-specifier-defined-string = gsma-approved-nonempty-string
gsma-specifier-defined-substring = imeival / gsma-approved-nonempty-string
gsma-specifier-defined-param-name = gsma-approved-nonempty-string
gsma-specifier-defined-param-val = gsma-approved-nonempty-string
gsma-specifier-param =
"svn=" software-version-string /
"vers=" gsma-format-version-string /
gsma-specifier-defined-param-name
["=" gsma-specifier-defined-param-val]
software-version-string = 2DIGIT
gsma-format-version-string = DIGIT
gsma-approved-nonempty-string = 1*unreserved
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unreserved = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_"
A sub-namespace for the IMEI is defined under the GSMA namespace.
Other sub-namespaces may be defined in the future to include other
identifiers in the GSM, UMTS or LTE networks or future networks
deployed by members of the GSMA.
An IMEI is an identifier under the GSMA namespace that uniquely
identifies the mobile devices used in the GSM, UMTS and LTE
networks.
The representation of the IMEI is defined in 3GPP TS 23.003 [2].
To accurately represent an IMEI received in a cellular signaling
message (see 3GPP TS 24.008 [5]) as a URN, it is necessary to
convert the received binary (Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)encoded)
bit sequence to a decimal digit string representation. Each field
has its value printed as a decimal digit string with the most
significant digit first.
The following augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) includes the set
of core rules in RFC 5234 [8], and are not repeated here.
A URN with the "imei" gsma-specifier contains exactly one gsma-
specifier-defined-substring, and its formal definition is provided
by the following ABNF [8]:
imeival = tac "-" snr "-" spare
tac = 8DIGIT
snr = 6DIGIT
spare = DIGIT
For example:
urn:gsma:imei:90420156-025763-0;vers=0
The optional "vers" parameter is included for extensibility of the
namespace, for example if the IMEI format is extended in the
future (such as with additional digits or using hex digits). A
value of "vers" equal to 0 or the absence of the "vers" parameter
means the URN format is compliant with the format specified here.
Any change to the format specified here requires the publication
of a future Informational RFC.
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draft-allen-dispatch-imei-urn-as-instanceid-10 [9] defines how the
GSMA IMEI URN can be used as an instance ID as specified in RFC
5626 [10]. Any future value of the "vers" parameter other than
equal to 0 or the definition of additional parameters that are
intended to be used as part of an instance ID will require an
update to draft-allen-dispatch-imei-urn-as-instanceid-10 [9].
The IMEISV is an identifier that uniquely identifies mobile
devices and their associated software versions used in the GSM,
UMTS and LTE networks. The representation of the IMEISV is
defined in 3GPP TS 23.003 [2].
To represent the IMEISV the URN parameter "svn" is appended to the
GSMA IMEI URN and set equal to the decimal string representation
of the two software version number (svn) digits in the IMEISV and
the spare digit in the IMEI gsma-specifier-defined-substring is
set to zero.
For example:
urn:gsma:imei:90420156-025763-0;svn=42
The <gsma-specifier>, <gsma-specifier-defined-string>, <gsma-
specifier-defined-substring>, <gsma-specifier-defined-param-name>
and <gsma-specifier-defined-param-val> can comprise any ASCII
characters compliant with the above ABNF. The exclusion of the
colon from the list of other characters means that the colon can
only occur as a delimiter between string values. The exclusion of
the semicolon from the list of other characters means that the
semicolon can only occur as a delimiter for parameter values. The
exclusion of the "=" character from the list of other characters
means that the "=" character can only occur as an operator for
parameter values.
The GSMA will take responsibility for the gsma-specifier "imei"
and manage the URNs in its sub-namespace.
Additional gsma-specifiers may be added in the future through
Informational RFCs.
Relevant ancillary documentation:
See IMEI Allocation and Approval Guidelines [3] and 3GPP TS 23.003
[2].
Identifier uniqueness considerations:
Identifiers in the "gsma" namespace are defined and assigned in
the requested namespace by the GSMA after ensuring that the URNs
to be assigned are unique. Uniqueness is achieved by checking
against the registry of previously assigned names.
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Procedures are in place to ensure that each IMEI is uniquely
assigned by the Mobile Equipment manufacturer so that it is
guaranteed to uniquely identify that particular Mobile Equipment.
Procedures are in place to ensure that each IMEISV is uniquely
assigned by the Mobile Equipment manufacturer so that it is
guaranteed to uniquely identify that particular Mobile Equipment
and the specific software version installed.
Identifier persistence considerations:
The GSMA is committed to maintaining uniqueness and persistence of
all resources identified by assigned URNs.
As the NID sought is "gsma" and GSMA is the long standing acronym
for the trade association that represents the mobile phone
operators the URN should also persist indefinitely (at least as
long as there is a need for its use). The assignment process
guarantees that names are not reassigned. The binding between the
name and its resource is permanent.
The TAC and SNR portions of IMEISVs are stored in the Mobile
Equipment so they remain persistent. The SVN may be modified by
software when new versions are installed but should be persistent
for the duration of the installation of that specific version of
software.
Process of identifier assignment:
GSMA will manage the <gsma-specifier> (including "imei"), <gsma-
defined-string>, <gsma-specifier-defined-substring>, <gsma-
specifier-param>, <gsma-specifier-defined-param-name> and <gsma-
specifier-defined-param-val> identifier resources to maintain
uniqueness.
The process for IMEI and IMEISV assignment is documented in GSMA
TS 06[3]
Process for identifier resolution:
Since the GSMA namespace is not currently globally resolvable,
this is not applicable.
Rules for Lexical Equivalence:
Two GSMA IMEI URNs are equivalent if they have the same "imeival"
value, and the same gsma-specifier-params values in the same
sequential order, with the exception that the gsma-specifier-param
"vers=0" is to be ignored for the purposes of comparison. All of
these comparisons are to be case-insensitive.
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Any identifier in GSMA namespaces can be compared using the normal
mechanisms for percent-encoded UTF-8 strings.
Conformance with URN Syntax:
The string representation of the GSMA URN and of the IMEI sub-
namespace is fully compatible with the URN syntax.
Validation Mechanism:
The IMEI can be validated using the mechanism defined in Annex B
of 3GPP TS 23.003 [2]. There is no mechanism defined to validate
the SVN field of the IMEISV.
Scope: GSMA URN is global in scope.
4. Specification
4.1. IMEI Format
4.1.1. Type Allocation Code (TAC)
The TAC is an 8 decimal digit value. The TAC identifies the type of
the Mobile Equipment and is chosen from a range of values allocated
to the Mobile Equipment manufacturer in order to uniquely identify
the model of the Mobile Equipment.
4.1.2. Serial Number (SNR)
The SNR is a 6 decimal digit value. The SNR is an individual serial
number that uniquely identifies each Mobile Equipment within the TAC.
4.1.3. Spare
The Spare is a single decimal digit. When the IMEI is stored on the
Mobile Equipment and network equipment it contains a value that is
used as a Check Digit and is intended to avoid manual reporting
errors, (e.g. when customers register stolen mobiles at the
operator's customer care desk) and also to help guard against the
possibility of incorrect entries being provisioned in the network
equipment. The Spare is always set to zero when transmitted by the
Mobile Equipment, (including when in the IMEI URN format). Annex B
of 3GPP TS 23.003 [2] defines a mechanism for computing the actual
check digit in order to validate the TAC and SNR.
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4.1.4. Binary Encoding
When included in a cellular signaling message the IMEI format is 15
decimal digits encoded in 8 octets using BCD as defined in 3GPP TS
24.008 [5]. Figure 1 is an abstract representation of a BCD encoded
IMEI stored in memory (the actual storage format in memory is
implementation specific). In Figire 1 the most significant digit of
the TAC is coded in the least significant bits of octet 1. The most
significant digit of the SNR is coded in the least significant bits
of octet 5. The Spare digit is coded in the least significant bits
of octet 8. When included in an identity element in a cellular
signaling message the most significant digit of the TAC is included
in digit 1 of the identity element in Figure 10.5.4 of 3GPP TS 24.008
[5].
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Decimal Digits
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| | | S|
| T | S | p|
| A | N | a|
| C | R | r|
| | | e|
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Octets
Figure 1. IMEI Format
4.2. IMEISV Format
4.2.1. Type Allocation Code (TAC)
The TAC is the same as the TAC in the IMEI in Section 4.1.1.
4.2.2. Serial Number (SNR)
The SNR is the same as the SNR in the IMEI in Section 4.1.2.
4.2.3. Software Version Number (SVN)
The Software Version Number is allocated by the mobile device
manufacturer to identify the software version of the mobile device.
4.2.4. Binary Encoding
When included in a cellular signaling message the IMEISV format is 16
decimal digits encoded in 8 octets using BCD as defined in 3GPP TS
24.008 [5]. Figure 2 is an abstract representation of a BCD encoded
IMEISV stored in memory (the actual storage format in memory is
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implementation specific). In Figire 2 the most significant digit of
the TAC is coded in the most significant bits of octet 1. The most
significant digit of the SNR is coded in the most significant bits of
octet 5. The most significant digit of the SVN is coded in the most
significant bits of octet 8. When included in an identity element in
a cellular signaling message the most significant digit of the TAC is
included in digit 1 of the identity element in Figure 10.5.4 of 3GPP
TS 24.008 [5].
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Decimal Digits
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| | | |
| T | S | S |
| A | N | V |
| C | R | N |
| | | |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Octets
Figure 2. IMEISV Format
5. Community considerations
GSM, UMTS and LTE mobile devices will be interoperating with Internet
devices for a variety of voice and data services. To do this, they
need to make use of Internet protocols that will operate end to end
between devices in GSM/UMTS/LTE networks and those in the general
internet. Some of these protocols require the use of URN's as
identifiers. Within the GSM/UMTS/LTE networks, mobile devices are
identified by their IMEI or IMEISV. Internet users will need to be
able to receive and include the GSMA URN in various Internet protocol
elements to facilitate communication between pure internet based
devices and GSM/UMTS/LTE mobile devices. Thus the existence and
syntax of these namespaces needs to be available to the general
internet community and the namespace needs to be reserved with IANA
in order to guarantee uniqueness and prevent potential namespace
conflicts both within the internet and within GSM/UMTS/LTE networks.
Conversely, Internet implementations will not generally possess IMEI
identifiers. The identifiers generated by such implementations will
typically be URNs within namespaces other than "gsma," and may,
depending on context, even be non-URN URIs. Implementations are
advised to be ready to process URIs other than "gsma"-namespaced
URNs, so as to aid in interoperability.
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6. Namespace considerations
A URN was considered the most appropriate URI to represent the IMEI
and IMEISV as these identifiers may be used and transported similarly
to the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID)which is defined as a URN
in [11]. Since specifications for protocols that are used to
transport device identifiers often require the device identifier to
be globally unique and in the URN format it is necessary that the URN
formats are defined to represent the IMEI and IMEISV.
7. IANA considerations
In accordance with BCP 66 [1], IANA is asked to register the Formal
URN Namespace 'GSMA' in the Registry of URN Namespaces, using the
registration template presented in Section 3 of this document.
8. Security considerations
IMEIs (but with the Spare value set to the value of the Check Digit)
are displayable on most mobile devices and in many cases is printed
on the case within the battery compartment. Anyone with brief
physical access to the mobile device can therefore easily obtain the
IMEI. Therefore the IMEI MUST NOT be used as security capabilities
(identifiers whose mere possession grants access). Unfortuantely
there are currently examples of some applications which are using the
IMEI for authorisation. Also some service providers customer service
departments have been known to use knowledge of the IMEI as proof
that the caller is the legitimate owner of the mobile device. Both
of these are inappropriate uses of the IMEI.
Whilst the specific software version of the mobile device only
identifies the lower layer software that has undergone and passed
certification testing and not the operating system or application
software there is still a possibility that the software version could
identify software that is vulnerable to attacks or is known to
contain security holes. Therfore care SHOULD be taken regarding use
of the IMEISV as it could help a malicious device identify mobile
device running software that is known to be vulnerable to certain
attacks. This is a similar concern to the use of the User-Agent
header in SIP as specified in RFC 3261 [12]. Therefore the IMEISV
(that is, the IMEI URN with svn parameter) MUST NOT be delivered to
devices that are not trusted. Further, because IMEIs can be loosely
correlated to a user, they need to be treated as any other personally
identifiable information. In particular, the IMEI URN MUST NOT be
included in messages intended to convey any level of anonymity.
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Additional security considerations are specified in 3GPP TS 22.016
[6]. Specifically the IMEI is to be incorporated in a module which
is contained within the terminal. The IMEI SHALL NOT be changed
after the terminal's production process. It SHALL resist tampering,
i.e. manipulation and change, by any means (e.g. physical, electrical
and software).
9. Acknowledgements
This document draws heavily on the 3GPP work on Numbering, Addressing
and Identification in 3GPP TS 23.003 [2] and also on the style and
structure used in RFC 4122 [11]. The authors would like to thank
Cullen Jennings, Lisa Dusseault, Dale Worley, Ivo Sedlacek, Atle
Monrad, James Yu and Mary Barnes for their help and comments.
10. References
10.1. Normative references
[1] Daigle, L., van Gulik, D., Iannella, R., and P. Faltstrom,
"Uniform Resource Names (URN) Namespace Definition Mechanisms",
BCP 66, RFC 3406, October 2002.
[2] 3GPP, "TS 23.003: Numbering, addressing and identification
(Release 8)", 3GPP 23.003, December 2012,
<ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/archive/23_series/23.003/>.
[3] GSMA Association, "IMEI Allocation and Approval Guidelines",
PRD TS.06 (DG06) version 6.0, July 2011, <http://www.gsma.com/
newsroom/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/
ts0660tacallocationprocessapproved.pdf>.
[4] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[5] 3GPP, "TS 24.008: Mobile radio interface Layer 3 specification;
Core network protocols; Stage 3 (Release 8)", 3GPP 24.008,
June 2013,
<ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/archive/24_series/24.008/>.
[6] 3GPP, "TS 22.016: International Mobile station Equipment
Identities (IMEI)(Release 7)", 3GPP 22.016, December 2009,
<ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/archive/22_series/22.016/>.
[7] Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.
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10.2. Informative references
[8] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.
[9] Allen, A., "Using the International Mobile station Equipment
Identity(IMEI)URN as an Instance ID, work in progress",
Internet Draft draft-allen-dispatch-imei-urn-as-instanceid-10,
July 2013.
[10] Jennings, C., Mahy, R., and F. Audet, "Managing Client-
Initiated Connections in the Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP)", RFC 5626, October 2009.
[11] Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally Unique
IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122, July 2005.
[12] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A.,
Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E. Schooler, "SIP:
Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.
Authors' Addresses
Michael Montemurro (editor)
Blackberry
4701 Tahoe Dr
Mississauga, Ontario L4W 0B4
Canada
Phone: unlisted
Fax: unlisted
Email: mmontemurro@blackberry.com
Andrew Allen
Blackberry
1200 Sawgrass Corporate Parkway
Sunrise, Florida 33323
USA
Phone: unlisted
Fax: unlisted
Email: aallen@blackberry.com
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David McDonald
Eircom
Phone: unlisted
Fax: unlisted
Email: David.McDonald@meteor.ie
Paul Gosden
GSM Association
1st Floor, Mid City Place, 71 High Holborn,
London
England
Phone: unlisted
Fax: unlisted
Email: pgosden@gsma.com
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