Network Working Group                                              Z. Li
Internet-Draft                                                   S. Peng
Intended status: Standards Track                     Huawei Technologies
Expires: August 26, 2021                                           C. Li
                                                                  C. Xie
                                                           China Telecom
                                                                D. Voyer
                                                             Bell Canada
                                                                   X. Li
                                                     Tsinghua University
                                                                  P. Liu
                                                            China Mobile
                                                                  C. Cao
                                                            China Unicom
                                                              K. Ebisawa
                                                Toyota Motor Corporation
                                                       February 22, 2021


         Application-aware IPv6 Networking (APN6) Encapsulation
                draft-li-6man-app-aware-ipv6-network-03

Abstract

   Application-aware IPv6 Networking (APN6) framework makes use of IPv6
   encapsulation in order to convey the application-aware information
   along with the data packet to the network so to facilitate the
   service deployment and SLA guarantee.

   This document defines the encodings of the application characteristic
   information, for the APN6 framework, that can be exchanged between an
   application or a network edge device such as CPE (Customer-Premises
   Equipment) and the network infrastructure through the use of IPv6
   extension headers.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute



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   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 26, 2021.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Terminologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Demanding Applications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  Online Gaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  Video streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   5.  APN6 Framework and Key Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   6.  Application-aware Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     6.1.  Application-aware ID Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     6.2.  Service-Para Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   7.  Locations for placing the Application-aware Options . . . . .  13
     7.1.  Hop-by-Hop Options Header (HBH) . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     7.2.  Destination Options Header (DOH)  . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     7.3.  Segment Routing Header (SRH)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       7.3.1.  SRH TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       7.3.2.  SID Arguments Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       7.3.3.  SRH TAG field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14



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     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

1.  Introduction

   A multitude of applications are carried over the network, which have
   varying needs for network bandwidth, latency, jitter, and packet
   loss, etc.  Some applications such as online gaming and live video
   streaming have very demanding network requirements thereof require
   special treatments in the network.  However, in current networks, the
   network and applications are decoupled, that is, the network is not
   aware of the applications' requirements in a finer granularity.
   Therefore, it is difficult to provide truly fine-granular traffic
   operations for the applications and guarantee their SLA requirements.
   Such guarantee would also be provided by adopting the hierarchical
   orchestration and the interactions between the orchestrator and
   multiple controllers, but it would take a very long time by going
   through the control and management elements.  Moreover, the
   interfaces between those elements require standardizations.

   This document proposes encapsulations for the Application-aware IPv6
   Networking (APN6) framework, which makes use of IPv6 encapsulations
   (i.e.  Hop-by-Hop Options Header (HBH), Destination Options Header
   (DOH), Segment Routing Header(SRH)) to convey the application-aware
   information including the application-aware identifications and
   network performance requirements along with the packet to the network
   to facilitate the service deployment and SLA guarantee.  The
   application-aware options (i.e.  Application-aware ID Option and
   Service-Para Option) are defined, which can be used in the IPv6
   encapsulations, including the above listed different IPv6 extension
   headers, for this purpose.

2.  Terminologies

   APN: Application-aware Networking

   APN6: Application-aware IPv6 Networking, i.e. the data plane of APN
   is IPv6

   DPI: Deep Packet Inspection

3.  Demanding Applications

   This section shows the various demanding requirements of some
   applications.  The traffic of these applications needs to be
   differentiated from other types of traffic and applied with special
   treatments in the network, that is, the network needs to be able to




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   provide fine-granular traffic operations and acceleration to these
   demanding applications.

3.1.  Online Gaming

   Good network performance is normally a prerequisite for satisfactory
   game play, especially for the online gaming.  Shooting or racing
   online gaming is normally based on quick action and needs to update
   the game status in real time by continuously sending and receiving
   updates to/from the game server and/or other players.  The online
   gaming is very sensitive to the network latency.

   [I-D.zhang-apn-acceleration-usecase] describes the game acceleration
   scenarios using APN.  In these scenarios, APN can identify the
   specific requirements of particular gaming applications, steer the
   flows to the game processors close to the users, and provide SLA
   guaranteed network services such as low latency and high reliability.

3.2.  Video streaming

   The network latency, jitter, bandwidth, and packet loss are the key
   factors for the video streaming.  Live video streaming has even more
   strict requirements.  High quality video source require more
   bandwidth in order to stream properly.  Real time streaming services
   also require real time content delivery from the web server to the
   end user ideally via carefully planned explicit TE paths.  The online
   gaming often involves live video streaming.

   [I-D.liu-apn-edge-usecase] describes the various application
   scenarios in edge computing to which the APN can be beneficial,
   including augmented reality, cloud gaming and remote control, which
   empowers the video business, users interaction business and user-
   device interaction business.  In those scenarios, APN can identify
   the specific requirements of edge computing applications on the
   network, process close to the users, provide SLA guaranteed network
   services such as low latency and high reliability.

4.  Problem Statement

   A number of IETF activities that have been or are being conducted,
   e.g.  DiffServ, primarily intend to evolve the IP architecture to
   support new service definitions which allow preferential or
   differentiated treatment to be applied to certain types of traffic.
   The challenge when using traditional ways to guarantee SLA is that
   the packets are not able to carry enough information to express
   differentiated service requirements of various applications.  The
   network devices mainly rely on the 5-tuple of the packets which
   cannot accurately identify applications and provide fine-grained



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   service treatments accordingly.  If more information is needed, it
   has to refer to DPI which will introduce more cost in the network and
   impose security challenges.

   In the era of SDN the orchestrator is introduced for the
   orchestration of applications and the network.  The SDN controller
   can be aware of the service requirements of the applications on the
   network through the interface interworking with the orchestrator.
   The service requirements is used by the controller for traffic
   management.  However, the method raises the following problems: 1)
   The whole loop is long and time-consuming which is not suitable for
   the real-time adjustment for applications; 2) Too many interfaces are
   involved in the loop which proposes more challenges of
   standardization and inter-operability, and it is difficult to be
   standardized for easy interworking.

5.  APN6 Framework and Key Components

   Application-aware Networking (APN) Framework is introduced in
   [I-D.li-apn-framework] in more details.  When the data plane of APN
   is IPv6, it is APN6.  Both frameworks share the same diagram, as
   shown in Figure 1.

 Client                                                         Server
 +-----+                                                         +-----+
 |App x|-\                                                    /->|App x|
 +-----+ |   +-----+  +---------+   +---------+   +---------+ |  +-----+
          \->|App- |  |App-aware|-A-|App-aware|-A-|App-aware|-/
 User side   |aware|--|process  |-B-|process  |-B-|process  |
          /->|Edge |  |Head-End |-C-|Mid-Point|-C-|End-Point|-\
 +-----+ |   +-----+  +---------+   +---------+   +---------+ |  +-----+
 |App y|-/                                                    \->|App y|
 +-----+           ----------  Uplink   ---------->              +-----+

               Figure 1 APN6 Framework and Key Components

   The key components of the APN6 framework include Service-aware App,
   App-aware Edge Device, App-aware-process Head-End, App-aware-process
   Mid-Point, and App-aware-process End-Point, which are introduced as
   follows.

   1.  Service-aware App: The IPv6 enabled application that runs in the
   host obtains application characteristic information and encapsulate
   the packet with an IPv6 header that can, optionally, include an
   extension header with the application characteristic information.
   The application characteristic information (i.e. application-aware
   information) includes the following information:




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   o  Application-aware identification information: identifies the
      application (group), the user (group), and their SLA requirements,
      indicating that all packets belonging to the same flow will be
      given the same treatment by the network.

   o  Service requirements information: specifying at least one of the
      following parameters: bandwidth, delay, delay variation, packet
      loss ratio, security, etc.

   If the application characteristic information is carried in the IPv6
   packet, this information is used by the App-aware-process Head-End to
   determine the path between the App-aware-process Head-End and the
   App-aware-process End-Point for forwarding the packet to its
   destination, that is, to steer the packet into a given policy which
   satisfies the application's requirements.  If it is an SRv6 network
   and the SRv6 head-end receives the IPv6 packets carrying the
   application characteristic information, the SRv6 head-end will steer
   the traffic into an SRv6 policy/path that can satisfy its SLA
   requirements [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming].  If the path
   cannot be found, the setup of a new path will be triggered.

   In APN6, if the application characteristic information is directly
   added by the application and carried in the IPv6 packet sent by the
   host, it is called "Application-side Solution".

   2.  App-aware Edge Device: This network device receives packets from
   IPv6 enabled applications and obtains the application characteristic
   information.  If the application is not Service-aware App, the
   application characteristic information can be obtained by packet
   inspection, derived from service information such as double VLAN
   tagging QinQ (C-VLAN and S-VLAN), or added according to the local
   policies, which is out of the scope of this document.  The App-aware
   Edge Device adds the application characteristic information into the
   packet on behalf of the application.  The packets carrying the
   application characteristic information will be sent to the App-aware-
   process Head-End, and the application characteristic information will
   be used to determine the path between the App-aware-process Head-End
   and the App-aware-process End-Point for forwarding the packets.

   In APN6, if the application characteristic information is not
   directly added by the IPv6 enabled application but inferred at the
   App-aware Edge Device, it is called "Network-side Solution".

   3.  App-aware-process Head-End: This network device receives packets
   and obtains the application characteristic information.  A set of
   paths, tunnels or SR/SRv6 policy, exist between the App-aware-process
   Head-End and the App-aware-process End-Point.  The App-aware-process
   Head-End maintains a mapping between the application characteristic



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   information and the paths between the App-aware-process Head-End and
   the App-aware-process End-Point.  The App-aware-process Head-End
   determines the path between the App-aware-process Head-End and the
   App-aware-process End-Point according to the application
   characteristic information carried in the packet and the
   corresponding mapping, which satisfies the service requirements of
   the application.  If there is no such mapping path found, the App-
   aware-process Head-End can set up a path towards the App-aware-
   process End-Point, and the mapping will be stored.  The App-aware-
   process Head-End forwards the packets along the path.  The
   application information conveyed by the IPv6 packet can also be
   copied into the outer IPv6 packet for further application-aware
   process.

   4.  App-aware-process Mid-Point: The Mid-Point provides the
   application-aware path service according to the path set up by the
   App-aware-process Head-End which satisfies the service requirements
   conveyed by the IPv6 packet.  The Mid-Point may also adjust the
   resource locally in order to guarantee the service requirements
   depending on a specific policy and the application-aware information
   conveyed by the IPv6/SRv6 packet.  Policy definitions and mechanisms
   are out of the scope of this document.

   5.  App-aware-process End-Point: The process of the specific service
   path will end at the End-Point.  The service requirements information
   can be removed at the End-Point together with the outer IPv6
   encapsulation or go on to be conveyed with the IPv6 packets if the
   Application-side Solution is used.

   In this way, the network is aware of the applications and their
   requirements.  According to the application characteristic
   information carried in the IPv6 packets the network is able to adjust
   its resources fast in order to satisfy the service requirement of
   applications.  The flow-driven method also reduces the challenges of
   inter-operability and long control loop.

6.  Application-aware Options

   In order to support the Application-aware IPv6 networking, two
   application-aware options are defined:

   o  Application-aware ID Option

   o  Service-Para Option







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6.1.  Application-aware ID Option

   The Application-aware ID option indicates the information of
   application (group), the user (group), and their SLA and service
   requirements, as illustrated in the following figure:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                   |    Opt Type   |  Opt Data Len |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                               |
   +                     Application-aware ID                      +
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                Figure 3.  Application-aware ID Option

   Opt Type: Type value is TBD1. 8-bit unsigned integer.  Identifier of
   the type of this Application-aware ID Option.

   Opt Data Len: 8-bit unsigned integer.  Length of the Option Data
   field of this option, that is, length of the Application-aware ID,
   recommended to be 16 octets.

   Option Data: Option-Type-specific data.  It carries Application-aware
   ID.

   The Application-aware ID has one of the following suggested
   structures:

   -- Structure I: Any combination of SLA level (e.g.  Gold, Silver,
   Bronze), APP ID, and/or user ID, and/or flow ID.  The length of each
   field is variable, as shown in the following diagram:

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |    SLA Level   |    APP ID     |    User ID    |    Flow ID   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

             Figure 4. Application-aware ID Structure I

   SLA Level: The level of SLA requirement such as Gold, Silver, Bronze.
   In some cases, color (e.g. red, green) can be used to indicate the
   SLA level.

   APP ID: The identifier of the application (group) of the traffic.

   User ID: The user of the application (group) of the traffic.



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   Flow ID: The particular flow of the application traffic.

   -- Structure II: Any combination of SLA level (e.g.  Gold, Silver,
   Bronze), APP ID, and/or user ID, and/or flow ID plus the arguments
   which indicating the service requirements (e.g. upper boundary of the
   latency: 10ms), as shown in the following diagram:

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | SLA Level|  APP ID  |  User ID  |   Flow ID   |   Arguments   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

               Figure 5. Application-aware ID Structure II

   -- Structure III: An SRv6 SID, with its arguments as the information
   specified in Structure I or II, as shown in the following diagram:

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      Locator Address      |   Function ID |     Arguments     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

              Figure 6. Application-aware ID Structure III

   Section 7 introduces several locations that the Application-aware ID
   option can be encapsulated in the IPv6 packet, e.g., Hop-by-Hop
   Options Header and Destination Options Header, depending upon the
   scenarios and implementation requirements.

6.2.  Service-Para Option

   The Service-Para Option is a variable-length option carrying multiple
   service requirement parameters.  Each service requirement parameter
   is put into the corresponding Service-Para Sub-TLV, as shown in
   Figure 7.  This Option can be put into the IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options
   Header, Destination Options Header, and SRH TLV.

















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    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                   |    Opt Type   |  Opt Data Len |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                               |
   .                                                               .
   .                Service-Para Sub-TLVs (Variable)               .
   .                                                               .
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                      Figure 7. Service-Para Option



   Opt Type: Type value is TBD2. 8-bit unsigned integer.  Identifier of
   the type of this Service-Para Option.

   Opt Data Len: 8-bit unsigned integer.  Length of the Option Data
   field of this option, that is, length of the Service-Para Sub-TLVs.

   Option Data: Option-Type-specific data.  It carries Service-Para Sub-
   TLVs.  Variable-length field.

   The corresponding Service-Para Sub-TLVs are shown in the following
   figures, respectively.

   1.  Bandwidth Sub-TLV

   This Bandwidth sub-TLV indicates the bandwidth requirement of
   applications.  The format of this sub-TLV is shown in the following
   diagram:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type      |     Length    |  Class Type   |    RESERVED   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                          Bandwidth                            |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                        Figure 8. Bandwidth Sub-TLV


   where:

   Type: TBD3, the type of the Bandwidth Sub-TLV.



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   Length: 6 octets, the length of the data field of the Bandwidth Sub-
   TLV.

   Class Type: The Bandwidth Type.

   RESERVED: This field is reserved for future use.  It MUST be set to 0
   when sent and MUST be ignored when received.

   Bandwidth: This field carries the bandwidth requirement in Mbps along
   the path.

   2.  Delay Sub-TLV

   This Delay Sub-TLV indicates the delay requirement.  The format of
   this sub-TLV is shown in the following diagram:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     Type      |     Length    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |    RESERVED   |                   Delay                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                          Figure 9. Delay Sub-TLV

   where:

   Type: TBD4, the type of the Delay Sub-TLV.

   Length: 4 octets, the length of the data field of the Delay Sub-TLV.

   RESERVED: This field is reserved for future use.  It MUST be set to 0
   when sent and MUST be ignored when received.

   Delay: This 24-bit field carries the delay requirements in
   microseconds, encoded as an integer value.  When set to the maximum
   value 16,777,215 (16.777215 sec), then the delay is at least that
   value and may be larger.  This value is the highest delay that can be
   tolerated.

   3.  Delay Variation Sub-TLV

   This Delay Variation Sub-TLV indicates the delay variation
   requirement.  The format of this sub-TLV is shown in the following
   diagram:





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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   Type        |     Length    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |  RESERVED     |               Delay Variation                 |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                      Figure 10. Delay Variation Sub-TLV

   where:

   Type: TBD5, the type of the Delay Variation Sub-TLV.

   Length: 4 octets, the length of the data field of the Delay Variation
   Sub-TLV.

   RESERVED: This field is reserved for future use.  It MUST be set to 0
   when sent and MUST be ignored when received.

   Delay Variation: This 24-bit field carries the delay variation
   requirements in microseconds, encoded as an integer value.

   4.  Packet Loss Ratio Sub-TLV

   This Packet Loss Ratio Sub-TLV indicates the packet loss ratio
   requirement.  The format of this sub-TLV is shown in the following
   diagram:

       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |   Type        |     Length    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |    RESERVED   |                    Packet Loss Ratio          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                      Figure 11. Packet Loss Ratio Sub-TLV

   where:

   Type: TBD6, the type of the Packet Loss Ratio Sub-TLV.

   Length: 4 octets, the length of the data field of the Packet Loss
   Ratio Sub-TLV.

   RESERVED: This field is reserved for future use.  It MUST be set to 0
   when sent and MUST be ignored when received.



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   Packet Loss Ratio: This 24-bit field carries packet loss ratio
   requirement in packets per second.  This value is the highest packet-
   loss ratio that can be tolerated.

7.  Locations for placing the Application-aware Options

   The Application-aware options can be placed in several locations in
   the IPv6 packet header depend upon the scenarios and implementation
   requirements.

7.1.  Hop-by-Hop Options Header (HBH)

   The application-aware options can be carried in the Hop-by-Hop
   Options Header as new options.  By using the HBH Options Header, the
   information carried can be read by every node along the path.
   However, the current processing of the HBH Options Header goes to the
   slow path, which will decrease the forwarding performance.  A new
   enhanced HBH Options Header is proposed in [I-D.li-6man-hbh-fwd-hdr]
   in order to address the current limitations.

7.2.  Destination Options Header (DOH)

   The application-aware options can be carried in the Destination
   Options Header as new options.

7.3.  Segment Routing Header (SRH)

   The Application-aware options can be placed in the segment routing
   header (SRH), e.g., in the SRH TLV, the SID Arguments field, or the
   TAG field.

7.3.1.  SRH TLV

   The Application-aware options can be placed in the SRH TLV.

7.3.2.  SID Arguments Field

   The Application-aware ID option can be put in the SID Arguments
   field, which can be read by each node indicated by the SID in the SID
   list.

7.3.3.  SRH TAG field

   The Application-aware ID option can be put in the TAG field, which
   can be read by each node that processes the SRH.






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8.  IANA Considerations

   IANA maintains the registry for the Options and Sub-TLVs.

   Service-Para Option will require one new type code per sub-TLV
   defined in this document:

   Type | Description

   -------------------------------------------------------------

   TBD1 | Application-aware ID Option

   TBD2 | Service-Para Option

   TBD3 | Bandwidth Sub-TLV

   TBD4 | Delay Sub-TLV

   TBD5 | Delay Variation Sub-TLV

   TBD6 | Packet Loss Ratio Sub-TLV

9.  Security Considerations

   The Security Considerations described in
   [I-D.li-apn-problem-statement-usecases] and
   [I-D.peng-apn-security-privacy-consideration] can be referred to.

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8200]  Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.

10.2.  Informative References







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   [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming]
              Filsfils, C., Camarillo, P., Leddy, J., Voyer, D.,
              Matsushima, S., and Z. Li, "SRv6 Network Programming",
              draft-ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming-28 (work in
              progress), December 2020.

   [I-D.li-6man-hbh-fwd-hdr]
              Li, Z. and S. Peng, "Hop-by-Hop Forwarding Options
              Header", draft-li-6man-hbh-fwd-hdr-00 (work in progress),
              July 2020.

   [I-D.li-apn-framework]
              Li, Z., Peng, S., Voyer, D., Li, C., Geng, L., Cao, C.,
              Ebisawa, K., Previdi, S., and J. Guichard, "Application-
              aware Networking (APN) Framework", draft-li-apn-
              framework-01 (work in progress), September 2020.

   [I-D.li-apn-problem-statement-usecases]
              Li, Z., Peng, S., Voyer, D., Xie, C., Liu, P., Qin, Z.,
              Ebisawa, K., Previdi, S., and J. Guichard, "Problem
              Statement and Use Cases of Application-aware Networking
              (APN)", draft-li-apn-problem-statement-usecases-01 (work
              in progress), September 2020.

   [I-D.liu-apn-edge-usecase]
              Liu, P., Du, Z., Peng, S., and Z. Li, "Use cases of
              Application-aware Networking (APN) in Edge Computing",
              draft-liu-apn-edge-usecase-02 (work in progress), January
              2021.

   [I-D.peng-apn-security-privacy-consideration]
              Peng, S., Li, Z., Voyer, D., Li, C., Liu, P., and C. Cao,
              "APN Security and Privacy Considerations", draft-peng-apn-
              security-privacy-consideration-00 (work in progress),
              September 2020.

   [I-D.zhang-apn-acceleration-usecase]
              Zhang, S., Cao, C., Peng, S., and Z. Li, "Use cases of
              Application-aware Networking (APN) in Game Acceleration",
              draft-zhang-apn-acceleration-usecase-01 (work in
              progress), December 2020.

   [RFC3272]  Awduche, D., Chiu, A., Elwalid, A., Widjaja, I., and X.
              Xiao, "Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic
              Engineering", RFC 3272, DOI 10.17487/RFC3272, May 2002,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3272>.





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Authors' Addresses

   Zhenbin Li
   Huawei Technologies
   Beijing  100095
   China

   Email: lizhenbin@huawei.com


   Shuping Peng
   Huawei Technologies
   Beijing  100095
   China

   Email: pengshuping@huawei.com


   Cong Li
   China Telecom
   Beijing  102209
   China

   Phone: +86-10-50902556
   Email: licong@chinatelecom.cn


   Chongfeng Xie
   China Telecom
   Beijing  102209
   China

   Phone: +86-10-50902116
   Email: xiechf@chinatelecom.cn


   Daniel Voyer
   Bell Canada
   Canada

   Email: daniel.voyer@bell.ca


   Xing Li
   Tsinghua University
   China

   Email: xing@cernet.edu.cn



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   Peng Liu
   China Mobile
   China

   Email: liupengyjy@chinamobile.com


   Chang Cao
   China Unicom
   China

   Email: liuc131@chinaunicom.cn


   Kentaro Ebisawa
   Toyota Motor Corporation
   Japan

   Email: ebisawa@toyota-tokyo.tech
































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