Network Working Group                                 Greg Vaudreuil
       Internet Draft                                 Lucent Technologies
       Expires in six months                                Glenn Parsons
       Obsoletes: RFC 2421, 2423                          Nortel Networks
                                                        February 14, 2002
     
     
                      Voice Profile for Internet Mail - version 2
     
                           <draft-ietf-vpim-vpimv2r2-05.txt>
     
     Status of this Memo
     
       This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all
       provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
     
       This document is an Internet Draft.  Internet Drafts are working
       documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and
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       Internet Drafts are valid for a maximum of six months and may be
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     Abstract
     
       This document specifies a restricted profile of the Internet multimedia
       messaging protocols for use between voice processing server platforms.
       These platforms have historically been special-purpose computers and
       often do not have the same facilities normally associated with a
       traditional Internet Email-capable computer.  As a result, VPIM also
       specifies additional functionality, as it is needed.  This profile is
       intended to specify the minimum common set of features to allow
       interworking between conforming systems.
     
       This document obsoletes RFC 2421 and describes version 2 of the profile
       with greater precision.  No protocol changes were made in this revision.
       A list of changes from RFC 2421 are noted in Appendix F.  Appendix A
       summarizes the protocol profiles of this version of VPIM.
     
     Copyright Notice
     
       Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
       Internet Draft               VPIM v2               February 14, 2002
     
     
      Table of Contents
     
     1.   INTRODUCTION......................................................3
      1.1  Voice Messaging System Limitations ..............................4
      1.2  Design Goals ....................................................5
      1.3  Applicability for VPIM ..........................................5
     2.   REQUIREMENTS LANGUAGE.............................................6
     3.   PROTOCOL RESTRICTIONS.............................................6
     4.   VOICE MESSAGE INTERCHANGE FORMAT..................................7
      4.1  VPIM Message Addressing Formats .................................7
      4.2  Message Header Fields ..........................................11
      4.3  MIME Audio Content Descriptions ................................19
      4.4  Voice Message Content Types ....................................21
      4.5  Other MIME Contents ............................................25
      4.6  Delivery Status Notification (DSN) .............................27
      4.7  Message Disposition Notification (MDN) .........................28
      4.8  Forwarded Messages .............................................28
      4.9  Reply Messages .................................................29
     5.   MESSAGE TRANSPORT PROTOCOL.......................................30
      5.1  Base SMTP Protocol .............................................30
      5.2  SMTP Service Extensions ........................................30
      5.3  ESMTP - SMTP Downgrading .......................................32
     6.   DIRECTORY ADDRESS RESOLUTION.....................................33
     7.   MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS.............................................33
      7.1  Network Management .............................................33
     8.   CONFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.........................................34
     9.   SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS..........................................35
      9.1  General Directive ..............................................35
      9.2  Threats and Problems ...........................................35
      9.3  Security Techniques ............................................36
     10.  REFERENCES.......................................................37
     11.  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................40
     12.  COPYRIGHT NOTICE.................................................40
     13.  AUTHORS' ADDRESSES...............................................41
     14.  APPENDIX A - VPIM REQUIREMENTS SUMMARY...........................42
     15.  APPENDIX B - EXAMPLE VOICE MESSAGES..............................49
     16.  APPENDIX C - EXAMPLE ERROR VOICE PROCESSING ERROR CODES..........55
     17.  APPENDIX D - EXAMPLE VOICE PROCESSING DISPOSITION TYPES..........57
     18.  APPENDIX E - IANA REGISTRATIONS..................................58
      18.1   Voice Content-Disposition Parameter Definition ...............58
      18.2   Multipart/Voice-Message MIME Media Type Definition ...........59
     19.  APPENDIX F - CHANGE HISTORY: RFC 2421 (VPIM V2) TO THIS DOCUMENT.61
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     1. Introduction
     
       MIME is the Internet multipurpose, multimedia-messaging standard.  This
       document explicitly recognizes its capabilities and provides a mechanism
       for the exchange of various messaging technologies, primarily voice and
       facsimile.
     
       Voice messaging evolved as telephone answering service into a full send,
       receive, and forward messaging paradigm with unique message features,
       semantics and usage patterns. Voice messaging was introduced on special
       purpose computers that interface to a telephone switch and provide call
       answering and voice messaging services.  Traditionally, messages sent
       from one voice messaging system to another were transported using analog
       networking protocols based on DTMF signaling and analog voice playback.
       As the demand for networking increases, there was a need for a standard
       high-quality digital protocol to connect these machines.  VPIM has
       successfully demonstrated its usefulness as this new standard.  VPIM is
       widely implemented and is seeing deployment in customer networks. This
       document clarifies ambiguities found in the earlier specification and is
       consistent with implementation practice. The profile is referred to as
       VPIM (Voice Profile for Internet Mail) in this document.
     
       This document specifies a restricted profile of the Internet multimedia
       messaging protocols for use between voice processing server platforms.
       These platforms have historically been special-purpose computers and
       often do not have the same facilities normally associated with a
       traditional Internet Email-capable computer.  As a result, VPIM also
       specifies additional functionality, as it is needed.  This profile is
       intended to specify the minimum common set of features to allow
       interworking between conforming systems.
     
       This document obsoletes RFC 2421 and describes VPIM version 2 of with
       greater precision.  No protocol changes were made in this revision. A
       list of changes from RFC 2421 are noted in Appendix F.  Appendix A
       summarizes the protocol profiles of this version of VPIM.
     
       Please send comments on this document to the IETF VPIM mailing list:
     
              vpim@lists.neystadt.org
     
       Additional documents and background may be found on the VPIM web page:
     
              http://www.vpim.org or http://www.ema.org/vpim
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     1.1 Voice Messaging System Limitations
     
       The following are typical limitations of voice messaging platforms that
       were considered in creating this baseline profile.
     
          1) Text messages are not normally received and often cannot be easily
          displayed or viewed.  They can often be processed only via text-to-
          speech or text-to-fax features not currently present in many of these
          machines.
     
          2) Voice mail machines usually act as an integrated Message Transfer
          Agent, Message Store and User Agent.  There is typically no relaying
          of messages. RFC822 header fields may have limited use in the context
          of the limited messaging features currently deployed.
     
          3) Voice mail message stores are generally not capable of preserving
          the full semantics of an Internet message.  As such, use of a voice
          mail machine for gatewaying is not supported.  In particular, storage
          of recipient lists, "Received:" lines, and "Message-ID:" may be
          limited.
     
          4) Internet-style distribution/exploder mailing lists are not
          typically supported.  Voice mail machines often implement only local
          alias lists, with error-to-sender and reply-to-sender behavior.
          Reply-all capabilities using a Cc list are not generally available.
     
          5) Error reports must be machine-parsable so that helpful responses
          can be voiced to users whose only access mechanism is a telephone.
     
          6) The voice mail systems generally limit address entry to 16 or fewer
          numeric characters, and normally do not support alphanumeric mailbox
          names.  Alpha characters are not generally used for mailbox
          identification, as they cannot be easily entered from a telephone
          terminal.
     
       It should be noted that newer systems are based natively on SMTP/MIME
       and do not suffer these limitations.  In particular, some systems may
       support media other than voice and fax.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     1.2 Design Goals
     
       It is a goal of this profile to make as few restrictions and additions
       to the existing Internet mail protocols as possible while satisfying the
       requirements for interoperability with current generation voice
       messaging systems.  This goal is motivated by the desire to increase the
       accessibility to digital messaging by enabling the use of proven
       existing networking software for rapid development.
     
       This specification is intended for use on a TCP/IP network; however, it
       is possible to use the SMTP protocol suite over other transport
       protocols.  The necessary protocol parameters for such use are outside
       the scope of this document.
     
       This profile is intended to be robust enough to be used in an
       environment, such as the global Internet, with installed-base gateways
       that do not understand MIME.  Full functionality, such as reliable error
       messages and binary transport, will require careful selection of
       gateways (e.g., via MX records) to be used as VPIM forwarding agents.
       Nothing in this document precludes use of general-purpose MIME email
       packages to read and compose VPIM messages.  While no special
       configuration is required to receive VPIM conforming messages, some may
       be required to originate conforming structures.
     
       It is expected that a system administrator who can perform TCP/IP
       network configuration will manage a VPIM messaging system.  When using
       facsimile or multiple voice encodings, it is suggested that the system
       administrator maintain a list of the capabilities of the networked mail
       machines to reduce the sending of undeliverable messages due to lack of
       feature support.  Configuration, implementation and management of these
       directory-listing capabilities are local matters.
     
     1.3 Applicability for VPIM
     
       VPIM is intended for the exchange of voice messages between traditional
       voice messaging systems and for systems that need to interoperate with
       such systems.  VPIM is intended connect voice-messaging systems into
       special-purpose voice messaging networks.  VPIM may also be used between
       message store servers and VPIM-aware clients such as web servers, TUI,
       and GUI clients.  VPIM is not intended or optimized for downloading to,
       or sending from commercial email clients.
     
       Internet Voice Messaging, the subject of a separate standards
       initiative, is intended to enable general-purpose email clients to send
       and receive voice content through general-purpose message stores in an
       interoperable way. IVM may also be a suitable format for downloading
       voice messages from a VPIM server to a commercial email client.  It may
       also be a suitable format for submission of a voice message from a
       general-purpose client into a VPIM system.
     
     
     
     
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     2. Requirements Language
     
       The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
       "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
       document are to be interpreted as described in [REQ].
     
     3. Protocol Restrictions
     
       This protocol does not limit the number of recipients per message.
       Where possible, server implementations should not restrict the number of
       recipients in a single message.  It is recognized that no implementation
       supports unlimited recipients, and that the number of supported
       recipients may be quite low.
     
       This protocol does not limit the maximum message length.  Implementers
       should understand that some machines will be unable to accept
       excessively long messages.  A mechanism is defined in [SIZE] to declare
       the maximum message size supported.
     
       The following sections describe the restrictions and additions to
       Internet mail protocols that are required to be conforming with this
       VPIM v2 profile. Though various SMTP, ESMTP and MIME features are
       described here, the implementer is referred to the relevant RFCs for
       complete details. The table in Appendix A summarizes the protocol
       details of this profile.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4. Voice Message Interchange Format
     
       The voice message interchange format is a profile of the Internet Mail
       Protocol Suite.  Any Internet Mail message containing the format defined
       in this section is referred to as a VPIM Message in this document.  As a
       result, this document assumes an understanding of the Internet Mail
       specifications.  Specifically, VPIM references components from the
       message format standard for Internet messages [RFC822], the Multipurpose
       Internet Message Extensions [MIME1-5], the X.400 gateway specification
       [X.400], and the delivery status and message disposition notifications
       [REPORT][DSN][DRPT][STATUS][MDN].
     
       MIME, introduced in [MIME1], is a general-purpose message body format
       that is extensible to carry a wide range of body parts.  It provides for
       encoding binary data so that it can be transported over the 7-bit text-
       oriented SMTP protocol.  This transport encoding (denoted by the
       "Content-Transfer-Encoding:" MIME field) is in addition to the audio
       encoding required to generate a binary object.
     
       MIME defines two transport-encoding mechanisms to transform binary data
       into a 7-bit representation, one designed for text-like data ("Quoted-
       Printable"), and one for arbitrary binary data ("Base64").  While Base64
       is dramatically more efficient for audio data, either will work.  Where
       binary transport is available, no transport encoding is needed, and the
       data can be labeled as "Binary".
     
     4.1 VPIM Message Addressing Formats
     
       VPIM addresses SHALL use the RFC 822 format based on the Domain Name
       System.  This naming system has two components: the local part, used for
       username or mailbox identification; and the host part, used for global
       machine identification.
     
     4.1.1 VPIM Addresses
     
       The local part of the address shall be a US-ASCII string uniquely
       identifying a mailbox on a destination system.  For voice messaging, the
       local part SHALL be a printable string containing the mailbox ID of the
       originator or recipient.  While alpha characters and long mailbox
       identifiers MAY be permitted, short numeric local parts SHOULD be used
       as most voice mail networks rely on numeric mailbox identifiers to
       retain compatibility with the limited 10-digit telephone keypad.  As a
       result, some voice messaging systems may only be able to handle a
       numeric local part.  The reception of alphanumeric local parts on these
       systems may result in the address being mapped to some locally unique
       (but confusing to the recipient) number or, in the worst case the
       address could be deleted making the message unreplyable.  Additionally,
       it may be difficult to create messages on these systems with an
       alphanumeric local part without complex key sequences or some form of
       directory lookup (see 6).
     
     
     
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       The use of the Domain Name System should be transparent to the user.  It
       is the responsibility of the voice mail machine to lookup the fully-
       qualified domain name (FQDN) based on the address entered by the user
       (see 6).
     
       In the absence of a global directory, specification of the local part is
       expected to conform to international or private telephone numbering
       plans.  It is likely that private numbering plans will prevail and these
       are left for local definition.  However, it is RECOMMENDED that public
       telephone numbers be noted according to the international numbering plan
       described in [E.164]. The indication that the local part is a public
       telephone number is given by a preceding "+" (the "+" would not be
       entered from a telephone keypad, it is added by the system as a flag).
       Since the primary information in the numeric scheme is contained by the
       digits, other character separators (e.g. "-") may be ignored (i.e. to
       allow parsing of the numeric local mailbox) or may be used to recognize
       distinct portions of the telephone number (e.g. country code).  The
       specification of the local part of a VPIM address can be split into the
       four groups described below:
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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          1) mailbox number
             - for use as a private numbering plan (any number of digits)
             - e.g.  2722@lucent.com
     
          2) mailbox number+extension
             - for use as a private numbering plan with extensions
               any number of digits, use of "+" as separator
             - e.g.  2722+111@Lucent.com
     
          3) +international number
             - for international telephone numbers conforming to E.164
               maximum of 15 digits
             - e.g.  +16137637582@vm.nortel.ca
     
          4) +international number+extension
               - for international telephone numbers conforming to E.164
                 maximum of 15 digits, with an extension (e.g. behind a
                 PBX) that has a maximum of 15 digits.
               - e.g.  +17035245550+230@ema.org
     
       Note that this address format is designed to be compatible with current
       usage within the voice messaging industry.  It is not compatible with
       the addressing formats of RFCs 2303-2304.  It is expected that as
       telephony services become more widespread on the Internet, these
       addressing formats will converge.
     
     4.1.2 Special Addresses
     
       Special addresses to represent the sender are provided for compatibility
       with the conventions of Internet mail.  These addresses do not use
       numeric local addresses, both to conform to current Internet practice
       and to avoid conflict with existing numeric addressing plans. Two
       special addresses are RESERVED for use as follows:
     
       postmaster@domain
     
       By convention, a special mailbox named "postmaster" MUST exist on all
       systems.  This address is used for diagnostics and should be checked
       regularly by the system manager. This mailbox is particularly likely to
       receive text messages, which is not normal on a voice-processing
       platform.  The specific handling of these messages is an individual
       implementation choice.
     
       non-mail-user@domain
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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       If a reply to a message is not possible, such as a telephone-answering
       message, then the special address "non-mail-user" SHOULD be used as the
       originator's address.  Any text name such as "Telephone Answering", or
       the telephone number if it is available, is permitted.  This special
       address is used as a token to indicate an unreachable originator. A
       conforming implementation MUST NOT permit a reply to an address from
       "non-mail-user".  For compatibility with the installed base of mail user
       agents, implementations MUST reject the message when a message addressed
       to "non-mail-user" is received.  The status code for such NDN's is 5.1.1
       "Mailbox does not exist".
     
       Example:
     
                    From: Telephone Answering <non-mail-user@mycompany.com>
     
     4.1.3 Distribution Lists
     
       There are many ways to handle distribution list (DL) expansions and none
       are 'standard'.  A VPIM implementation MAY support DLs.  Using a simple
       alias is a behavior closest to what many voice mail systems do today and
       what is to be used with VPIM messages.  A couple of important features
       that need special care when DLs are used are:
     
          Reply to the originator - (Address in the RFC822 "Reply-To:" or
                                     "From" field)
          Errors to the submitter - (Address in the MAIL FROM field of the
                                     ESMTP exchange or the "Return-Path:"
                                     RFC822 field)
     
       Some proprietary voice messaging protocols include only the recipient of
       the particular copy in the envelope and include no "header fields"
       except date and per-message features.  Most voice messaging systems do
       not provide for "Header Information" in their messaging queues and only
       include delivery information.  As a result, recipient information MAY be
       in either the "To:" or "Cc:" header fields. If all recipients cannot be
       presented then the recipient header fields SHOULD be omitted to indicate
       that an accurate list of recipients (e.g. for use with a reply-all
       capability) is not known.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.2 Message Header Fields
     
       Internet messages contain a header information block.  This header block
       contains information required to identify the sender, the list of
       recipients, the message send time, and other information intended for
       user presentation.  Except for specialized gateway and mailing list
       cases, header fields do not indicate delivery options for the transport
       of messages.
     
       Distribution list processors are noted for modifying or adding to the
       header fields of messages that pass through them.  VPIM systems MUST be
       able to accept and ignore header fields that are not defined here.
     
       The following header lines are permitted for use with VPIM messages:
     
     4.2.1 From
     
       SEND RULES
     
       The originator's fully qualified domain address (a mailbox address
       followed by the fully qualified domain name) MUST be present. Systems
       conforming with this profile SHOULD provide the text personal name of
       the voice message originator in a quoted phrase, if the name is
       available.  Text names of corporate or positional mailboxes MAY be
       provided as a simple string. From [RFC822]
     
       Example:
     
                    From: "Joe S. User" <12145551212@mycompany.com>
     
                    From: Technical Support <611@serviceprovider.com>
     
                    From: Non-mail-user@myserver.mycompany.com
     
       Voice mail machines may not be able to support separate attributes for
       the "From:" header fields and the SMTP MAIL FROM, VPIM-conforming
       systems SHOULD set these values to the same address.  Use of addresses
       different than those present in the "From:" header field address may
       result in unanticipated behavior.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       The user listed in the "From:" field MUST be presented in the voice
       message envelope of the voice messaging system as the originator of the
       message, though the exact presentation is an implementation decision
       (e.g., the mailbox ID or the text name MAY be presented). The "From:"
       address SHOULD be used for replies (see 4.9).
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.2.2 To
     
       The "To:" field contains the recipient's fully-qualified domain address.
       Example:
     
                    To: +12145551213@mycompany.com
     
       SEND RULES
     
       There MAY be one or more "To:" fields in any message. Systems SHOULD
       provide a list of recipients only if all recipients are available.
     
       Systems, such as gateways from protocols or legacy platforms that do not
       indicate the complete list of recipients, MAY provide a "To:" line.
       Because these systems cannot accurately enumerate all recipients in the
       "To:" headers, recipients SHOULD NOT be enumerated.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       Systems conforming to this profile MAY discard the addresses in the
       "To:" fields if they are unable to store the information.  This would,
       of course, make a reply-to-all capability impossible.  If present, the
       addresses in the "To:" field MAY be used for a reply message to all
       recipients.
     
     4.2.3 Cc
     
       The "Cc:" field contains additional recipients' fully qualified domain
       addresses. Many voice mail systems maintain only sufficient envelope
       information for message delivery and are not capable of storing or
       providing a complete list of additional recipients.
     
       SEND RULES
     
       Conforming implementations MAY send "Cc:" lists if all recipients are
       known at the time of origination. If not, systems SHOULD omit the "Cc:"
       fields to indicate that the full list of recipients is unknown or
       otherwise unavailable. The list of disclosed recipients MUST NOT include
       undisclosed recipients (i.e., those sent via a blind copy).
     
       Example:
     
                    Cc: +12145551213@mycompany.com
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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       RECEIVE RULES
     
       Systems conforming to this profile MAY add all the addresses in the
       "Cc:" field to the "To:" field, others MAY discard the addresses in the
       "Cc:" fields.    If a list of "Cc:" addresses is present, these
       addresses MAY be used for a reply message to all recipients.
     
     4.2.4 Date
     
       The "Date:" field contains the date and time the message was sent by the
       originator.
     
       SEND RULES
     
       The sending system MUST report the time the message was sent. The time
       zone MUST be present and SHOULD be represented in a four-digit time zone
       offset, such as -0500 for North American Eastern Standard Time.  This
       MAY be supplemented by a time zone name in parentheses, e.g., "-0700
       (PDT)".
     
       Example:
     
                    Date: Wed, 28 Jul 96 10:08:49 -0800 (PST)
     
       If the VPIM sender is relaying a message from a system that does not
       provide a time stamp, the time of arrival at the gateway system SHOULD
       be used as the date.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       Conforming implementations SHOULD be able to convert [RFC822] date and
       time stamps into local time
     
     4.2.5 Sender
     
       The "Sender:" field contains the actual address of the originator if an
       agent on behalf of the author indicated in the "From:" field sends the
       message.
     
       SEND RULES
     
       This header field MAY be sent by VPIM-conforming systems.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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       RECEIVE RULES
     
       If the address in the "Sender:" field cannot be preserved in the
       recipient's message queues or in the next-hop protocol from a gateway,
       the field MAY be silently discarded.
     
     4.2.6 Return-Path
     
       The "Return-path:" field is added by the final delivering SMTP server.
       If present, it contains the address from the MAIL FROM parameter of the
       ESMTP exchange (see[RFC822]). Any error messages resulting from the
       delivery failure MUST be sent to this address.  Note that if the
       "Return-path:" is null ("<>") (e.g., a call answer message would have no
       return path) delivery status notifications MUST NOT be sent.
     
       SEND RULES
     
       The originating system MUST NOT add this header.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       If the receiving system is incapable of storing the return path (or MAIL
       FROM) to be used for subsequent delivery errors (i.e., it is a gateway
       to a legacy system or protocol), the receiving system must otherwise
       ensure that further delivery errors don't happen. Systems that do not
       support the return path MUST ensure that at the time the message is
       acknowledged (i.e., when a DSN would be sent), the message is delivered
       to the recipient's ultimate mailbox.  Non-Delivery notifications SHOULD
       NOT be sent after that final delivery.
     
     4.2.7 Message-id
     
       The "Message-Id:" field contains a globally unique per-message
       identifier.
     
       SEND RULES
     
       A globally unique message-id MUST be generated for each message sent
       from a VPIM-conforming implementation.
     
       Example:
     
                    Message-Id: <12345678@mycompany.com>
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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       RECEIVE RULES
     
       When provided in the original message, it MUST be used when sending a
       MDN.  This identifier MAY be used for tracking and auditing.  From
       [RFC822]
     
     4.2.8 Reply-To
     
       If present, the "Reply-To:" header provides a preferred address to which
       reply messages should be sent (see 4.9).  Typically, voice mail systems
       can only support one originator of a message so it is likely that this
       field will be ignored by the receiving system. From [RFC822]
     
       SEND RULES
     
       A conforming system SHOULD NOT send a "Reply-To:" header.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       If a "Reply-To:" field is present, a reply-to-sender message MAY be sent
       to the address specified (that is, in lieu of the address in the "From:"
       field). If the receiving system (e.g., multi-protocol gateway) only
       supports one address for the originator  , then the address in the
       "From:" field MUST be used and the "Reply-To:" field MAY be silently
       discarded.
     
     4.2.9 Received
     
       The "Received:" field contains trace information added to the beginning
       of a RFC822 message by MTAs.  This is the only field that may be added
       by an MTA.  Information in this header is useful for debugging when
       using an US-ASCII message reader or a header-parsing tool. From [RFC822]
     
       SEND RULES
     
       A VPIM-conforming system MUST add a "Received:" field. When acting as a
       gateway, information about the system from which the message was
       received SHOULD be included.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       A VPIM-conforming system MUST NOT remove any "Received:" fields when
       relaying messages to other MTAs or gateways.  These header fields MAY be
       ignored or deleted when the message is received at the final
       destination.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.2.10 MIME Version
     
       The "MIME-Version:" field MUST be present to indicate that the message
       conforms to [MIME]. Systems conforming with this specification SHOULD
       include a comment with the words "(Voice 2.0)". [VPIM1] defines an
       earlier version of this profile and uses the token (Voice 1.0).
       Example:
     
                    MIME-Version: 1.0 (Voice 2.0)
     
       This identifier is intended for information only and SHOULD NOT be used
       to semantically identify the message as being a VPIM message.  Instead,
       the presence of the multipart/voice-message content type defined in
       section 18.2 SHOULD be used if identification is necessary.
     
     4.2.11 Content-Type
     
       The "Content-Type:" header MUST be present to declare the type of
       content enclosed in the message. The typical top-level content in a VPIM
       Message SHOULD be Multipart/Voice-Message.  The allowable contents are
       detailed starting in section 4.4 of this document.  From [MIME2]
     
     4.2.12 Content-Transfer-Encoding
     
       Because Internet mail was initially specified to carry only 7-bit US-
       ASCII text, it may be necessary to encode voice and fax data into a
       representation suitable for that environment.  The "Content-Transfer-
       Encoding:" header describes this transformation if it is needed.
     
       SEND RULES
     
       An implementation in conformance with this profile SHOULD send audio
       and/or facsimile data in "Binary" form when binary message transport is
       available (see section 5).  When binary transport is not available,
       implementations MUST encode the audio and/or facsimile data as "Base64".
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       Conforming implementations MUST recognize and decode the standard
       encodings, "Binary" (when binary support is available), "7bit, "8bit",
       "Base64" and "Quoted-Printable" per [MIME1].  The detection and decoding
       of "Quoted-Printable", "7bit", and "8bit" MUST be supported in order to
       meet MIME requirements and to preserve interoperability with the fullest
       range of possible devices.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.2.13 Sensitivity
     
       The "Sensitivity:" field, if present, indicates the requested privacy
       level. If no privacy is requested, this field is omitted.  The header
       definition is as follows:
     
       Sensitivity := "Sensitivity" ":" Sensitivity-value
     
       Sensitivity-value := "Personal" / "Private" / "Company-Confidential"
     
       SEND RULES
     
       A VPIM-conforming implementation MAY include this header to indicate the
       sensitivity of a message. If a user marks a message "Private", a
       conforming implementation MUST send only the "Private" sensitivity
       level. There are no VPIM-specific semantics defined for the values
       "Personal" or "Company-Confidential". A conforming implementation SHOULD
       NOT send the values "Personal" or "Company-Confidential". If the message
       is of "Normal" sensitivity, this field SHOULD be omitted. From: [X.400]
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       If a "Sensitivity:" field with a value of "Private" is present in the
       message, a conforming system MUST prohibit the recipient from forwarding
       this message to any other user.  A conforming system, however, SHOULD
       allow the responder to reply to a sensitive message, but SHOULD NOT
       include the original message content.  The responder MAY set the
       sensitivity of the reply message.
     
       A receiving system MAY ignore sensitivity values of "Personal" and
       "Company Confidential".
     
       If the receiving system does not support privacy and the sensitivity is
       "Private", a negative delivery status notification MUST be sent to the
       originator with the appropriate status code (5.6.0) "Other or undefined
       protocol status" indicating that privacy could not be assured. The
       message contents SHOULD be returned to the sender to allow for a voice
       context with the notification. A non-delivery notification to a private
       message SHOULD NOT be tagged private since it will be sent to the
       originator.  From: [X.400]
     
       A message with no privacy explicitly noted (i.e., no header) or with
       "Normal" sensitivity has no special treatment.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.2.14 Importance
     
       Indicates the requested importance to be given by the receiving system.
       If no special importance is requested, this header MAY be omitted and
       the value of the absent header assumed to be "normal". From: [X.400]
     
       Importance := "Importance" ":" importance-value
     
       Importance-value := "low" / "normal" / "high"
     
       SEND RULES
     
       Conforming implementations MAY include this header to indicate the
       importance of a message.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       If the receiving system does not support "Importance:", the attribute
       MAY be silently dropped.
     
     4.2.15 Subject
     
       The "Subject:" field is often provided by email systems but is not
       widely supported on voice mail platforms. From [RFC822]
     
       SEND RULES
     
       For compatibility with text-based mailbox interfaces, a text subject
       field SHOULD be generated by a conforming implementation. It is
       RECOMMENDED that voice-messaging systems that do not support any text
       user interfaces (e.g., access only by a telephone) insert a generic
       subject header of "VPIM Message" or "Voice Message" for the benefit of
       GUI-enabled recipients.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       It is anticipated that many voice-only systems will be incapable of
       storing the subject line. The subject MAY be discarded by a receiving
       system.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.3 MIME Audio Content Descriptions
     
     4.3.1 Content-Description
     
          This field MAY be present to facilitate the text identification of
          these body parts in simple email readers.  Any values may be used.
     
          Example:
     
                    Content-Description: Big Telco Voice Message
     
          SEND RULES
     
          This field MAY be added to a voice body part to offer a freeform
          description of the voice content. It is useful to incorporate the
          values for Content-Disposition with additional descriptions.  For
          example, this can be used to indicate product name or transcoding
          records.
     
          RECEIVE RULES
     
          This field MAY be displayed to the recipient.  However, since it is
          only informative it MAY be ignored.
     
     4.3.2 Content-Disposition
     
          This field MUST be present to allow the parsable identification of
          body parts within a VPIM voice message.  This is especially useful if,
          as is typical, more than one Audio/* body occurs within a single level
          (e.g. Multipart/Voice-Message).  Since a VPIM voice message is
          intended to be automatically played in the order in which the audio
          contents occur, the audio contents MUST always be of disposition
          inline.  However, it is still useful to include a filename value, so
          this SHOULD be present if this information is available.  >From [DISP]
     
          SEND RULES
     
          In order to distinguish between the various types of audio contents in
          a VPIM voice message a new disposition parameter "voice" is defined
          with IANA (see section 18.1) with the parameter values below to be
          used as appropriate:
     
          Audio-Type := "voice" "=" Audio-type-value
     
          Audio-type-value := "Voice-Message" / "Voice-Message-Notification" /
          "Originator-Spoken-Name" /"Recipient-Spoken-Name" /"Spoken-Subject"
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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            Voice-Message - the primary voice message,
            Voice-Message-Notification - a spoken delivery notification
              or spoken disposition notification,
            Originator-Spoken-Name - the spoken name of the originator,
            Recipient-Spoken-Name - the spoken name of the recipient(s) if
              available to the originator
            Spoken-Subject- the spoken subject of the message, typically
              spoken by the originator
     
          Note that there SHOULD only be one instance of each of these types of
          audio contents per message level.  Additional instances of a given
          type (i.e., parameter value) MAY occur within an attached forwarded or
          reply voice message.  If there are multiple recipients for a given
          message, recipient-spoken-name MUST NOT be used.
     
          RECEIVE RULES
     
          Implementations SHOULD use this header.  However, those that do not
          understand the "voice" parameter (or the "Content-Disposition:"
          header) can safely ignore it, and will present the audio body parts in
          order (but will not be able to distinguish between them). If more than
          one instance of the "voice" parameter type value is encountered at one
          level (e.g., multiple 'Voice-Message' tagged contents) then they
          SHOULD be presented together.
     
     4.3.3 Content-Duration
     
          The "Content-Duration:" header provides an indication of the audio
          length in seconds of the segment.
     
          Example:
     
                    Content-Duration: 33
     
          SEND RULES
     
          This field MAY be present to allow the specification of the length of
          the audio body part in seconds.
     
          RECEIVE RULES
     
          The use of this field on reception is a local implementation issue.
          From [DUR]
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.3.4 Content-Language:
     
          This field MAY be present to allow the specification of the spoken
          language of the audio body part.  The encoding is defined in [LANG].
     
          Example for UK English:
     
                    Content-Language: en-UK
     
          SEND RULES
     
          A sending system MAY add this field to indicate the language of the
          voice.  The determination of this (e.g., automated or user-selected)
          is a local implementation issue.
     
          RECEIVE RULES
     
          The use of this field on reception is a local implementation issue.
          It MAY be used as a hint to the recipient (e.g., end-user or an
          automated translation process) as to the language of the voice
          message.
     
     4.4 Voice Message Content Types
     
       The content types described in this section are identified for use
       within the Multipart/Voice-Message content.  This content is referred to
       as a "VPIM message" in this document and is the fundamental part of a
       "VPIM message".
     
       Only the contents profiled can be sent within a VPIM voice message
       construct (i.e., the Multipart/Voice-Message content type) to form a
       simple or a more complex structure (several examples are given in
       Appendix B).  The presence of other contents within a VPIM voice message
       is not permitted. In the absence of a bilateral agreement, conforming
       implementations MUST NOT create a message containing prohibited
       contents. In the spirit of liberal acceptance, a conforming
       implementation MAY accept and render prohibited content. Systems unable
       to accept or render prohibited contents MAY discard the prohibited
       contents as necessary to deliver the acceptable content. When multiple
       contents are present within the Multipart/Voice-Message, they SHOULD be
       presented to the user in the order that they appear in the message.
     
       Some deployed implementations based on a common interpretation of the
       original VPIM v2 specification reject messages with prohibited content
       rather than discard the unsupported contents.  For interoperability with
       these systems, it is especially important that prohibited contents not
       be sent within a Multipart/Voice-Message.
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.4.1 Multipart/Voice-Message
     
       This MIME multipart structure provides a mechanism for packaging a voice
       message into one container that is tagged as VPIM v2 conforming.  The
       sub-type is identical in semantics and syntax to multipart/mixed, as
       defined in [MIME2]. As such, it may be safely interpreted as a
       multipart/mixed by systems that do not understand the sub-type (only the
       identification as a voice message would be lost).
     
     
       In addition to the MIME required boundary parameter, a version parameter
       is also required for this sub-type.  This is to distinguish this
       refinement of the sub-type from the previous definition in [VPIM1].  The
       value of the version parameter is "2.0" if the content conforms to the
       requirements of this specification.  Should there be further revisions
       of this content type, there MUST be backwards compatibility (i.e.
       systems implementing version n can read version 2, and systems
       implementing version 2 can read version 2 contents within a version n).
     
       SEND RULES
     
       The Multipart/Voice-Message content-type MUST only contain the profiled
       media and content types specified in this section (i.e. Audio/*,
       Image/*, and Message/RFC822).  The most common will be: spoken name,
       spoken subject, the message itself, and an attached fax.  Forwarded
       messages are created by simply using the Message/RFC822 construct.
     
       Conformant implementations MUST use Multipart/Voice-Message in a VPIM
       message.  In most cases, this Multipart/Voice-Message Content-Type will
       be the top level but may be included within a Message/RFC822 if the
       message is forwarded or within a multipart/mixed when more than one
       message is being forwarded.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       Conformant implementations MUST recognize the Multipart/Voice-Message
       content (whether it is a top-level content or contained in a
       Multipart/Mixed) and MUST be able to separate the contents (e.g. spoken
       name or spoken subject).
     
       The semantic of Multipart/Voice-Message (defined in section 18.2) is
       identical to Multipart/Mixed and may be interpreted as that by systems
       that do not recognize this content-type.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.4.2 Message/RFC822
     
       SEND RULES
     
       MIME requires support of the Message/RFC822 message encapsulation body
       part.  This body part SHOULD be used within a Multipart/Voice-Message to
       forward complete messages (see 4.8) or to reply with original content
       (see 4.9). From [MIME2]
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       The receiving system MUST accept this format and SHOULD treat this
       attachment as a forwarded message. The receiving system MAY flatten the
       forwarding structure (i.e., remove this construct to leave multiple
       voice contents or even concatenate the voice contents to fit in a
       recipient's mailbox), if necessary.
     
     4.4.3 Audio/32KADPCM
     
       SEND RULES
     
       An implementation conforming to this profile MUST send Audio/32KADPCM by
       default for voice [ADPCM]. This encoding is a moderately-compressed
       encoding with a data rate of 32 kbits/second using moderate processing
       resources. Typically, this body contains several minutes of message
       content;  however, if used for spoken name or subject the content is
       expected to be considerably shorter (i.e. about 5 and 10 seconds
       respectively).
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       Receivers MUST be able to accept and decode Audio/32KADPCM. If an
       implementation can only handle one voice body, then multiple voice
       bodies (if present) SHOULD be concatenated, and MUST NOT be discarded.
       If concatenated, the contents SHOULD be in the same order they appeared
       in the multipart.
     
     4.4.4 Image/TIFF
     
       A common image encoding for facsimile, known as TIFF-F, is a derivative
       of the Tag Image File Format (TIFF) and is described in several
       documents.  For the purposes of VPIM, the F Profile of TIFF for
       Facsimile (TIFF-F) is defined in [TIFF-F], and the Image/TIFF MIME
       content-type is defined in [TIFFREG].  While there are several formats
       of TIFF, only TIFF-F is profiled for use within Multipart/Voice-Message.
       Further, since the TIFF-F file format is used in a store-and-forward
       mode with VPIM, the image MUST be encoded so that there is only one
       image strip per facsimile page.
     
       SEND RULES
     
     
     
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       All VPIM implementations that support facsimile MUST generate TIFF-F
       compatible facsimile contents in the Image/TIFF subtype using the
       application=faxbw encoding by default.  If the VPIM message is a voice-
       annotated fax, the implementation SHOULD send this fax content in
       Multipart/Voice-Message.  If the message is a simple fax, an
       implementation MAY send it without using the Multipart/Voice-Message to
       be more compatible with fax-only (RFC 2305) implementations.
     
       While any valid MIME body header MAY be used (e.g., Content-Disposition
       to indicate the filename), none are specified to have special semantics
       for VPIM and MAY be ignored.  Note that the content-type parameter
       application=faxbw MUST be included in outbound messages.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       Not all VPIM systems support fax, but all SHOULD accept it within the
       multipart/voice-message. Within a Multipart/Voice-Message, a receiving
       system that cannot render fax content SHOULD accept the voice content of
       a VPIM message and discard the fax content. Outside a Multipart/Voice-
       Message, a recipient system MAY reject (with appropriate NDN) the entire
       message if it cannot store or is not capable of rendering a message with
       fax attachments.   VPIM conforming systems MAY support fax outside of
       (or without) the Multipart/Voice-Message.
     
       Some deployed implementations based on a common interpretation of the
       original VPIM V2 specification reject messages with fax content within
       the Multipart/Voice-Message rather than discard the unsupported
       contents. These systems will return the message to the sender with an
       NDN indicating lack of support for fax.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.5 Other MIME Contents
     
       The following MIME contents (with the exception of multipart/mixed in
       section 4.5.1) MAY be included within a multipart/voice message.  Other
       contents MUST NOT be included.  Their handling is a local implementation
       issue. Multipart/mixed is included to promote interoperability with a
       wider range of systems and also to allow the creation of more complex
       multimedia messages (with a VPIM message as one part).
     
     
     
     4.5.1 Multipart/Mixed
     
       This common MIME content-type allows the enclosing of several body parts
       in a single message.
     
       SEND RULES
     
       A VPIM voice message (i.e., multipart/voice-message) MAY be included
       within a message with a Multipart/Mixed top-level content type.
       Typically, this would only be used when mixing non-voice and non-fax
       contents with a voice message.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       Such a message is not itself a VPIM message and the handling of such a
       construct is outside the scope of the VPIM profile.  However, an the
       spirit of liberal acceptance, a conforming implementation MUST accept
       and render a VPIM voice message contained in a Multipart/Mixed.
     
     4.5.2 Text/Directory
     
       SEND RULES
     
       This content was profiled in the original specification of VPIM v2 as a
       means of transporting contact information from the sender to the
       recipient.  This usage did not find widespread adoption and is no longer
       a feature of VPIM V2.  Conforming implementations SHOULD NOT send the
       Text/Directory content type.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       For compatibility with an earlier specification of VPIM v2, the
       Text/Directory content type MUST be accepted by a conforming
       implementation, but need not be stored, processed, or rendered to the
       recipient.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.5.3 Proprietary Voice or Fax Formats
     
       Use of any other encoding except the required codecs reduces
       interoperability in the absence of explicit knowledge about the
       capabilities of the recipient. A conforming implementation SHOULD NOT
       use any other encoding unless a unique identifier is registered with the
       IANA prior to use (see [MIME4]).  The voice encodings SHOULD be
       registered as subtypes of Audio. The fax encodings SHOULD be registered
       as subtypes of Image.
     
       SEND RULES
     
       Proprietary voice encoding formats or other standard formats SHOULD NOT
       be sent under this profile unless the sender has a reasonable
       expectation that the recipient will accept the encoding.  In practice,
       this requires explicit per-destination configuration information
       maintained either in a directory, personal address book, or gateway
       configuration tables.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       Systems MAY accept other Audio/* or Image/* content types if they can
       decode them. Systems which receive Audio/* or Image/* content types
       which they are unable to deposit or unable to render MUST return the
       message (and SHOULD include the original content) to the originator with
       an NDN indicating media not supported.
     
     
     
     4.5.4 Text/Plain
     
       MIME requires support of the basic Text/Plain content type (with the US-
       ASCII character set).  This content type has limited applicability
       within the voice-messaging environment.  However, because VPIM is a MIME
       profile, MIME requirements SHOULD be met.
     
       SEND RULES
     
       Conforming VPIM implementations SHOULD NOT send the Text/Plain content-
       type.  Implementations MAY send the Text/Plain content-type outside the
       Multipart/Voice-Message.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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       RECEIVE RULES
     
       Within a Multipart/Voice-Message, the Text/Plain content-type MAY be
       dropped from the message, if necessary, to deliver the audio/fax
       components. The recipient SHOULD NOT reject the entire message if the
       text component cannot be accepted or rendered.
     
       Outside a Multipart/Voice-Message, conforming implementations MUST
       accept Text/Plain;  however, specific handling is left as an
       implementation decision. From [MIME2]
     
       Some deployed implementations based on a common interpretation of the
       original VPIM V2 specification reject messages with any text content
       rather than discard the unsupported contents. These systems will return
       the message to the sender with an NDN indicating lack of support for
       text.
     
     4.6 Delivery Status Notification (DSN)
     
       A DSN is a notification of delivery (positive DSN), non-delivery
       (negative DSN), or temporary delivery delay (delayed DSN).  The top-
       level content-type of a DSN is Multipart/Report, which is defined in
       [REPORT].  The content-type which distinguishes DSN's from other types
       of notifications is Message/Delivery-Status, which is defined in [DSN].
     
       SEND RULES
     
       A VPIM-compliant implementation MUST be able to send DSN's that conform
       to [REPORT] and [DSN].  Unless requested otherwise, a non-delivery DSN
       MUST be sent when any form of non-delivery of a message occurs.
     
       A VPIM-compliant implementation SHOULD provide a spoken delivery status
       in the "human-readable" body part of the DSN, but MAY provide a textual
       status.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       A VPIM-compliant implementation MUST be able to receive DSN's that
       conform to [REPORT] and [DSN].
     
       A VPIM-compliant implementation MUST be able to receive a DSN whose
       "human-readable" body part contains a spoken delivery status phrase or a
       textual description.  Though subsequent use of the phrase or text is a
       local implementation issue, the intent of the DSN MUST be presented to
       the end user.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     4.7 Message Disposition Notification (MDN)
     
       An MDN is a notification indicating what happens to a message after it
       is deposited in the recipient's mailbox.  An MDN can be positive
       (message was read/played/rendered/etc.) or negative (message was deleted
       before recipient could see it, etc.). The top-level content-type of a
       MDN is Multipart/Report, which is defined in [REPORT].  The content-type
       which distinguishes MDN's from other types of notifications is
       Message/Disposition-Notification, which is defined in [MDN].
     
       SEND RULES
     
       A VPIM-compliant implementation SHOULD support the ability to request
       MDNs. This is done via the use of the "Disposition-Notification-To:"
       header field as defined in [MDN].
     
       A VPIM-compliant implementation SHOULD support the ability to send MDNs,
       but these MDNs MUST conform to [REPORT] and [MDN].
     
       When sending an MDN, a VPIM-compliant implementation SHOULD provide a
       spoken message disposition in the "human-readable" body part of the MDN,
       but MAY provide a textual status.
     
       RECEIVE RULES
     
       A VPIM-compliant implementation SHOULD respond to an MDN request with an
       MDN response.
     
       A VPIM-compliant implementation MUST be able to receive MDNs that
       conform to [REPORT] and [MDN], if it is capable of requesting MDNs.  If
       a VPIM-compliant implementation is capable of receiving MDNs, it MUST be
       able to receive a MDN whose "human-readable" body part contains a spoken
       message disposition phrase or a textual disposition description.  Though
       subsequent use of the phrase or text is a local implementation issue,
       the intent of the MDN MUST be presented to the end user.
     
     4.8 Forwarded Messages
     
       VPIM v2 explicitly supports the forwarding of voice and fax content with
       voice or fax annotation.  However, only the two constructs described
       below are acceptable in a VPIM message.  Since only the first (i.e.
       Message/RFC822) can be recognized as a forwarded message (or even
       multiple forwarded messages), it is RECOMMENDED that this construct be
       used whenever possible.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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       Forwarded VPIM messages SHOULD be sent as a Multipart/Voice-Message with
       the entire original message enclosed in a Message/RFC822 content-type
       and the annotation as a separate Audio/* or Image/* body part.  If the
       RFC822 header fields are not available for the forwarded content,
       simulated header fields with available information SHOULD be constructed
       to indicate the original sending timestamp, and the original sender as
       indicated in the "From:" field.  Note that at least one of "From:",
       "Subject:", or "Date:" MUST be present.  As well, the Message/RFC822
       content MUST include at least the "MIME-Version:", and "Content-Type:"
       header fields. From [MIME2]
     
       In the event that forwarding information is lost, the entire audio
       content MAY be sent as a single Audio/* segment without including any
       forwarding semantics. An example of this loss is an AMIS message being
       forwarded through an AMIS-to-VPIM gateway.
     
     4.9 Reply Messages
     
       VPIM v2 explicitly supports replying to received messages.
     
       Support of multiple originator header fields in a reply message is often
       not possible on voice messaging systems, so it may be necessary to
       choose only one when gatewaying a VPIM message to another voice message
       system.  However, implementers should note that this may make it
       impossible to send DSN's, MDN's, and replies to their proper
       destinations.
     
       In some cases, replying to a message is not possible, such as with a
       message created by telephone answering (i.e. classic voice mail).  In
       this case, the From field SHOULD contain the special address non-mail-
       user@domain (see 4.1.2). The recipient's VPIM system SHOULD NOT offer
       the option to reply to this kind of message (unless an outcalling
       feature is offered -                          - which is out of scope for VPIM).
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     5. Message Transport Protocol
     
       Messages are transported between voice mail machines using the Internet
       Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (ESMTP).  All information
       required for proper delivery of the message is included in the ESMTP
       dialog.  This information, including the sender and recipient addresses,
       is commonly referred to as the message "envelope".  This information is
       equivalent to the message control block in many analog voice messaging
       protocols.
     
       ESMTP is a general-purpose messaging protocol, designed both to send
       mail and to allow terminal console messaging.  Simple Mail Transport
       Protocol (SMTP) was originally created for the exchange of US-ASCII 7-
       bit text messages.  Binary and 8-bit text messages have traditionally
       been transported by encoding the messages into a 7-bit text-like form.
       [ESMTP] formalized an extension mechanism for SMTP, and subsequent RFCs
       have defined 8-bit text networking, command streaming, binary
       networking, and extensions to permit the declaration of message size for
       the efficient transmission of large messages such as multi-minute voice
       mail.
     
       The following sections list ESMTP commands, keywords, and parameters
       that are required and those that are optional for conformance to this
       profile.
     
     5.1 Base SMTP Protocol
     
       A conforming system MUST implement all mandatory SMTP and ESMTP
       commands. Any defined optional command or parameter MAY be supported.
     
     5.2 SMTP Service Extensions
     
       VPIM utilizes a number of SMTP Service Extensions to provide full-
       featured voice messaging service.  The following extensions are profiled
       for use with VPIM:
     
     5.2.1 DSN Extension
     
       The DSN extension defines a mechanism which allows an SMTP client to
       specify (a) DSN's should be generated under certain conditions, (b)
       whether such DSN's should return the contents of the message, and (c)
       additional information, to be returned with a DSN, that allows the
       sender to identify both the recipient(s) for which the DSN was issued,
       and the transaction in which the original message was sent.
     
       The DSN extension MUST be supported by VPIM conforming implementations.
     
       In addition, beyond the requirements of [DRPT], conforming
       implementations MUST support NOTIFY parameter on the RCPT command to
       allow indication of when the originator requests a notification.  The
     
     
     
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       RET parameter SHOULD be supported to return the original message with
       the notification.  Parameters ORCPT and ENVID MAY also be supported.
     
       From [DRPT]
     
     5.2.2 SIZE Extension
     
       The SIZE extension defines a mechanism whereby an SMTP client and server
       may interact to give the server an opportunity to decline to accept a
       message (perhaps temporarily) based on the client's estimate of the
       message size.  From [SIZE]
     
       The SIZE extension MUST be supported by VPIM-compliant implementations.
     
     5.2.3 ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES Extension
     
       The ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES extension defines a mechanism whereby an SMTP
       server augments its responses with the enhanced mail system status codes
       defined in [CODES].  These codes can then be used to provide more
       informative explanations of error conditions.  From [STATUS]
     
       The ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES extension SHOULD be supported by VPIM-compliant
       implementations.
     
     5.2.4 PIPELINING Extension
     
       The PIPELINING extension defines a mechanism whereby an SMTP server can
       indicate the extent of its ability to accept multiple commands in a
       single TCP send operation. Using a single TCP send operation for
       multiple commands can improve SMTP performance significantly.  From
       [PIPE]
     
       The PIPELINING extension SHOULD be supported by VPIM-compliant
       implementations.
     
     5.2.5 CHUNKING Extension
     
       The CHUNKING extension defines a mechanism that enables an SMTP client
       and server to negotiate the use of the message data transfer command
       "BDAT" (in alternative to the DATA command) for efficiently sending
       large MIME messages.
     
       From [BINARY]
     
       The CHUNKING extension MAY be supported by VPIM-compliant
       implementations.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     5.2.6 BINARYMIME Extension
     
       The BINARYMIME extension defines a mechanism that enables an SMTP client
       and server to negotiate the transfer of unencoded binary message data
       utilizing the BDAT command.
     
       From [BINARY]
     
       The BINARYMIME extension MAY be supported by VPIM-compliant
       implementations.  Note that [BINARY] specifies that if BINARYMIME is to
       be supported, then CHUNKING has to be supported by definition.
     
     5.3 ESMTP - SMTP Downgrading
     
       The SMTP extensions suggested or required for conformance to VPIM fall
       into two categories.  The first category includes features that increase
       the efficiency of the transport system such as SIZE, BINARYMIME, and
       PIPELINING.  In the event of a downgrade to a less-functional transport
       system, these features can be dropped with no functional change to the
       sender or recipient.
     
       The second category of features is transport extensions in support of
       new functions.  DSN and ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES provide essential
       improvements in the handling of delivery status notifications to bring
       email to the level of reliability expected of Voice Mail.  To ensure a
       consistent level of service across an intranet or the global Internet,
       it is essential that VPIM-conforming ESMTP support the DSN extension at
       all hops between a VPIM originating system and the recipient system. In
       the situation where a "downgrade" is unavoidable a relay hop may be
       forced (by the next hop) to forward a VPIM message without the ESMTP
       request for delivery status notification.  It is RECOMMENDED that the
       downgrading system should continue to attempt to deliver the message,
       but MUST send an appropriate delivery status notification to the
       originator, e.g. the message left an ESMTP host and was sent relayed to
       a non-DSN-aware destination, and this may be the last DSN received.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     6. Directory Address Resolution
     
       It is the responsibility of a VPIM system to provide the fully-qualified
       domain name (FQDN) of the recipient based on the address entered by the
       user (if the entered address is not already a FQDN).  This would
       typically be an issue on systems that offer only a telephone user
       interface.  The mapping of the dialed target number to a routable FQDN
       address, allowing delivery to the destination system, can be
       accomplished through implementation-specific means.
     
       To facilitate a local cache, an implementation may wish to populate
       local directories with the first and last names, as well as the senders'
       spoken name information extracted from received messages. Addresses or
       names parsed from the header fields of VPIM messages MAY be used to
       populate directories.
     
     7. Management Protocols
     
       The Internet protocols provide a mechanism for the management of
       messaging systems, from the management of the physical network through
       the management of the message queues.  SNMP SHOULD be supported on a
       VPIM-conforming machine.
     
     7.1 Network Management
     
       The digital interface to the VM and the TCP/IP protocols MAY be managed.
       MIB II MAY be implemented to provide basic statistics and reporting of
       TCP and IP protocol performance. [MIB II]
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     8. Conformance Requirements
     
       VPIM is a messaging application that will be supported in several
       environments and be supported on differing devices.  These environments
       include traditional voice processing systems, desktop voice messaging
       systems, store-and-forward relays, and protocol translation gateways.
     
       In order to accommodate all environments, this document defines two
       areas of conformance: transport and content.
     
       Transport-conformant systems will pass VPIM messages in a store-and-
       forward manner with assured delivery notifications and without the loss
       of information.  It is expected that most store-and-forward Internet
       mail-based messaging systems will be VPIM transport-conformant.
     
       Content-conformant systems will generate and interpret VPIM messages.
       Conformance in the generation of VPIM messages indicates that the
       restrictions of this profile are honored.  Only contents specified in
       this profile or extensions agreed to by bilateral agreement may be sent.
       Conformance in the interpretation of VPIM messages indicates that all
       VPIM content types and constructs can be received;  that all  mandatory
       VPIM content types can be decoded and presented to the recipient in an
       appropriate manner; and that any unrenderable contents result in the
       appropriate notification.
     
       A summary of the conformance requirements is contained in Appendix A.
     
       VPIM end systems are expected to be both transport- and content-
       conformant.  Voice messaging systems and protocol conversion gateways
       are considered end systems.
     
       Relay systems are expected to be transport-conformant in order to
       receive and send conforming messages.  However, they must also create
       VPIM-conforming delivery status notifications in the event of delivery
       problems.
     
       Desktop Email clients that support VPIM are expected to be content-
       conformant. Desktop email clients use various protocols and API's for
       exchanging messages with the local message store and message transport
       system.  While these clients may benefit from VPIM transport
       capabilities, specific client-server requirements are out-of-scope for
       this document.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     9. Security Considerations
     
     9.1 General Directive
     
       This document is a profile of existing Internet mail protocols.  To
       maintain interoperability with Internet mail, any security to be
       provided should be part of the Internet security infrastructure, rather
       than a new mechanism or some other mechanism outside of the Internet
       infrastructure.
     
     9.2 Threats and Problems
     
       Both Internet mail and voice messaging have their own set of threats and
       countermeasures.  As such, this specification does not create any
       security issues not already existing in the profiled Internet mail and
       voice mail protocols themselves.  This section attends only to the set
       of additional threats that ensue from integrating the two services.
     
     9.2.1 Spoofed sender
     
       The actual sender of the voice message might not be the same as that
       specified in the "Sender:" or "From:" message header fields or the MAIL
       FROM address from the SMTP envelope.  In a tightly constrained
       environment, sufficient physical and software controls may be able to
       ensure prevention of this problem.  In addition, the recognition of the
       sender's voice may provide confidence of the sender's identity
       irrespective of that specified in "Sender:" or "From:".  It should be
       recognized that SMTP implementations do not provide inherent
       authentication of the senders of messages, nor are sites under
       obligation to provide such authentication.
     
     9.2.2 Unsolicited voice mail
     
       Assigning an Internet mail address to a voice mailbox opens the
       possibility of receiving unsolicited messages (either text or voice
       mail).  Traditionally, voice mail systems operated in closed
       environments and were not susceptible to unknown senders.  Voice mail
       users have a higher expectation of mailbox privacy and may consider such
       messages as a security breach.  Many Internet mail systems are choosing
       to block all messages from unknown sources in an attempt to curb this
       problem.
     
     9.2.3 Message disclosure
     
       Users of voice messaging systems have an expectation of a level of
       message privacy that is higher than the level provided by Internet mail
       without security enhancements.  This expectation of privacy by users
       SHOULD be preserved as much as possible.
     
     
     
     
     
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     9.3 Security Techniques
     
       Sufficient physical and software control may be acceptable in
       constrained environments.  Further, the profile specified in this
       document does not in any way preclude the use of any Internet object or
       channel security protocol to encrypt, authenticate, or non-repudiate the
       messages.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     10. References
     
     [8BIT] Klensin, J., Freed, N., Rose, M., Stefferud, E., D. Crocker, "SMTP
        Service Extension for 8bit-MIMEtransport" RFC 1652, United Nations
        University, Innosoft International, Inc., Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.,
        Network Management Associates, Inc., The Branch Office, July 1994.
     
     [ADPCM] G. Vaudreuil and G. Parsons, "Toll Quality Voice - 32 kbit/s ADPCM:
        MIME Sub-type Registration", RFC 2422, September 1998.  Revised by:
        <draft-ietf-vpim-vpimv2r2-32k-03.txt>, February 2002.
     
     [AMIS-A] Audio Messaging Interchange Specifications (AMIS) - Analog
          Protocol Version 1, Issue 2, February 1992.
     
     [AMIS-D] Audio Messaging Interchange Specifications (AMIS) - Digital
        Protocol Version 1, Issue 3, August 1993.
     
     [BINARY] Vaudreuil, G., "SMTP Service Extensions for Transmission of Large
        and Binary MIME Messages", RFC 3030, December 2000.
     
     [CODES] Vaudreuil, G. "Enhanced Mail System Status Codes", RFC 1893,
        January 1996.
     
     [MIMEDIR] F. Dawson, T. Howes, & M. Smith, "A MIME Content-Type for
        Directory Information", RFC 2425 September 1998
     
     [DISP] R. Troost and S. Dorner, Communicating Presentation Information in
        Internet Messages:  The Content-Disposition Header, RFC 2183, August
        1997.
     
     [DNS1] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and specification",
        RFC1035, Nov 1987.
     
     [DNS2] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", RFC 1034,
        Nov 1987.
     
     [DRPT] Moore, K. "SMTP Service Extensions for Delivery Status
        Notifications", RFC 1891, replaced by <draft-moore-rfc1891bis-00.txt>,
        Work-in-Progress
     
     [DSN] Moore, K., Vaudreuil, G., "An Extensible Message Format for Delivery
        Status Notifications", RFC 1894, replaced by <draft-vaudreuil-1894bis-
        00>, January 1996.
     
     [DUR] G. Parsons and G. Vaudreuil, "Content Duration MIME Header
        Definition", RFC 2424, September 1998. Revised by:  <draft-ietf-vpim-
        vpimv2r2-dur-03.txt>, February 2002.
     
     
     
     
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     [E164] CCITT Recommendation E.164 (1991), Telephone Network and ISDN
        Operation, Numbering, Routing and  Mobile Service - Numbering Plan for
        the ISDN Era.
     
     [ESMTP] Klensin, J., Freed, N., Rose, M., Stefferud, E., and D. Crocker,
        "SMTP Service Extensions" RFC 1869, United Nations University, Innosoft
        International, Inc., Dover Beach Consulting, Inc., Network Management
        Associates, Inc., The Branch Office, November 1995.
     
     [G726] CCITT Recommendation G.726 (1990), General Aspects of Digital
        Transmission Systems, Terminal Equipment - 40, 32, 24,16 kbit/s
        Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM).
     
     [HOSTREQ] Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and
        Support", STD 3, RFC 1123, October 1989.
     
     [LANG] Alvestrand,H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages", RFC 3066,
        January 2001.
     
     [MDN] RFC 1891 updated by Vaudreuil, G, and Hansen, T, "An Extensible
        Message Format for Message Disposition Notifications", <draft-
        vaudreuil-mdnbis-03.txt> Work-in-progress.
     
     [MIB II] M. Rose, "Management Information Base for Network Management of
        TCP/IP-based internets:  MIB-II", RFC 1213, March 1991.
     
     [MIME1] N. Freed and N. Borenstein,  "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
        (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 2045,
        Innosoft, First Virtual, November 1996.
     
     [MIME2] N. Freed and N. Borenstein,  "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
        (MIME) Part Two: Media Types ", RFC 2046, Innosoft, First Virtual,
        November 1996.
     
     [MIME3] K. Moore,  "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part
        Three: Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text ", RFC 2047,
        University of Tennessee, November 1996.
     
     [MIME4] N. Freed, J. Klensin and J. Postel,  "Multipurpose Internet Mail
        Extensions (MIME) Part Four: Registration Procedures", RFC 2048,
        Innosoft, MCI, ISI, November 1996.
     
     [MIME5] N. Freed and N. Borenstein,  "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
        (MIME) Part Five: Conformance Criteria and Examples ", RFC 2049,
        Innosoft, First Virtual, November 1996.
     
     [PIPE] Freed, N., Cargille, A., "SMTP Service Extension for Command
        Pipelining" RFC 2920, September 2000.
     
     
     
     
     
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     [REPORT] Vaudreuil, G., "The Multipart/Report Content Type for the
        Reporting of Mail System Administrative Messages", RFC 1892, replaced
        by <draft-vaudreuil-rfc1892bis-00.txt> work-in-progress.
     
     [REQ] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", RFC 2119, March 1997.
     
     [RFC822] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
        Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDEL, August 1982.
     
     [SIZE] Klensin, J, Freed, N., Moore, K, "SMTP Service Extensions for
        Message Size Declaration" RFC 1870, United Nations University, Innosoft
        International, Inc., November 1995.
     
     [SMTP] Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", STD 10, RFC 821,
        USC/Information Sciences Institute, August 1982.
     
     [STATUS] Freed, N. "SMTP Service Extension for Returning Enhanced Error
        Codes", RFC 2034, October 1996.
     
     [TIFF-F] G. Parsons and J. Rafferty, "Tag Image File Format:  Application
        F", RFC 2306, March 1998.
     
     [TIFFREG] G. Parsons, J. Rafferty & S. Zilles, "Tag Image File Format:
        image/tiff - MIME sub-type registraion", RFC 2302, March 1998.
     
     [V-MSG] G. Vaudreuil and G. Parsons, "VPIM Voice Message MIME Sub-type
        Registration", RFC 2423, September 1998.
     
     [VCARD] Dawson, Frank, Howes, Tim, "vCard MIME Directory Profile" RFC 2426,
        September 1998.
     
     [VPIM1] Vaudreuil, Greg, "Voice Profile for Internet Mail", RFC 1911, Feb
        1996.
     
     [VPIM2] Vaudreuil, Greg, Parsons, Glenn, "Voice Profile for Internet Mail,
        Version 2", RFC 2421, September 1998.
     
     [X.400] CCITT/ISO, "CCITT Recommendations X.400/ ISO/IEC 10021-1, Message
        Handling: System and Service Overview", December 1988.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     11. Acknowledgments
     
       The authors would like to offer a special thanks to the Electronic
       Messaging Association (EMA), especially the members of the Voice
       Messaging Committee, and the IETF VPIM Work Group, for their support of
       the VPIM specification and the efforts they have made to ensure its
       success.
     
     
     
     12. Copyright Notice
     
       "Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.
     
       This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
       others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or
       assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and
       distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind,
       provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included
       on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this  document itself
       may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice
       or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations,
       except as needed for the  purpose of developing Internet standards in
       which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet
       Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into
       languages other than English.
     
       The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
       revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
     
       This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS
       IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK
       FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
       LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT
       INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
       FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     13. Authors' Addresses
     
       Glenn W. Parsons
       Nortel Networks
       P.O. Box 3511, Station C
       Ottawa, ON  K1Y 4H7
       Canada
     
       Phone: +1-613-763-7582
       Fax: +1-613-763-2697
       Email: GParsons@NortelNetworks.com
     
     
       Gregory M. Vaudreuil
       Lucent Technologies
       7291 Williamson Rd
       Dallas, TX  75214
       United States
     
       Phone/Fax: +1-972-733-2722
       Email: GregV@ieee.org
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     14. Appendix A - VPIM Requirements Summary
     
       The following table summarizes the profile of VPIM version 2 detailed in
       this document.  Since in many cases it is not possible to simplify the
       qualifications for supporting each feature this appendix is informative.
       The reader is recommended to read the complete explanation of each
       feature in the referenced section.  The text in the previous sections
       shall be deemed authoritative if any item in this table is ambiguous.
     
       The conformance table is separated into various columns:
     
          Feature - name of protocol feature (note that the indenting
                    indicates a hierarchy of conformance, i.e. the
                    conformance of a lower feature is only relevant if there
                    is conformance to the higher feature)
     
          Section - reference section in main text of this document
     
          Area - conformance area to which each feature applies:
               C - content
               T - transport
     
     
          Status - whether the feature is mandatory, optional, or prohibited.
          The key words used in this table are to be interpreted as described in
          [REQ], though the following list gives a quick overview of the
          different degrees of feature conformance:
               Must         - mandatory
               Should       - required in the absence of a compelling
                              need to omit.
               May          - optional
               Should not   - prohibited in the absence of a compelling
                              need.
               Must not     - prohibited
     
          Footnote - special comment about conformance for a particular feature
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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                              VPIM version 2 Conformance
                                                             | | | | |S| |
                                                  |          | | | | |H| |F
                                                  |          | | | | |O|M|o
                                                  |          | | |S| |U|U|o
                                                  |          | | |H| |L|S|t
                                                  |          |A|M|O| |D|T|n
                                                  |          |R|U|U|M| | |o
                                                  |          |E|S|L|A|N|N|t
                                                  |          |A|T|D|Y|O|O|t
       FEATURE                                    |SECTION   | | | | |T|T|e
       -------------------------------------------|----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
                                                  |          | | | | | | |
       Message Addressing Formats:                |          | | | | | | |
         Use DNS host names                       |4.1       |C|x| | | | |
         Use only numbers in mailbox IDs          |4.1.1     |C| |x| | | |
         Numbers in mailbox IDs follow E.164      |4.1.1     |C| |x| | | |
         Use alpha-numeric mailbox IDs            |4.1.1     |C| | |x| | |
         Support of postmaster@domain             |4.1.2     |C|x| | | | |
         Support of non-mail-user@domain          |4.1.2     |C| |x| | | |
         Support of distribution lists            |4.1.3     |C| | |x| | |
                                                  |          | | | | | | |
       Message Header Fields:                     |          | | | | | | |
         Sending outbound messages                |          | | | | | | |
           From                                   |4.2.1     |C|x| | | | |
             Addition of text name                |4.2.1     |C| |x| | | |
             Same value as MAIL FROM              |4.2.1     |C| |x| | | |
           To                                     |4.2.2     |C| |x| | | |1
           cc                                     |4.2.3     |C| | |x| | |1
           Date                                   |4.2.4     |C|x| | | | |
           Sender                                 |4.2.5     |C| | |x| | |
           Return-Path                            |4.2.6     |C| | | | |x|
           Message-ID                             |4.2.7     |C|x| | | | |
           Reply-To                               |4.2.8     |C| | | |x| |
           Received                               |4.2.9     |C|x| | | | |
           MIME Version: 1.0 (Voice 2.0)          |4.2.10    |C| |x| | | |
           Content-Type                           |4.2.11    |C|x| | | | |
           Content-Transfer-Encoding              |4.2.12    |C|x| | | | |
           Sensitivity                            |4.2.13    |C| | |x| | |
           Importance                             |4.2.14    |C| | |x| | |
           Subject                                |4.2.15    |C| |x| | | |
           Disposition-notification-to            |4.7       |C| |x| | | |
           Other Headers                          |4.2       |C| | |x| | |
                                                  |          | | | | | | |
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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                                                             | | | | |S| |
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                                                  |          |A|M|O| |D|T|n
                                                  |          |R|U|U|M| | |o
                                                  |          |E|S|L|A|N|N|t
                                                  |          |A|T|D|Y|O|O|t
       FEATURE                                    |SECTION   | | | | |T|T|e
       -------------------------------------------|----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
         Receiving inbound messages               |          | | | | | | |
           From                                   |4.2.1     |C|x| | | | |
             Present text personal name           |4.2.1     |C| | |x| | |
           To                                     |4.2.2     |C|x| | | | |
           cc                                     |4.2.3     |C| | |x| | |
           Date                                   |4.2.4     |C|x| | | | |
             Conversion of Date to local time     |4.2.4     |C| |x| | | |
           Sender                                 |4.2.5     |C| | |x| | |
           Return-Path                            |4.2.6     |C| |x| | | |
           Message-ID                             |4.2.7     |C| | |x| | |
             MDN requested                        |4.2.7     |C|x| | | | |
           Reply-To                               |4.2.8     |C| | |x| | |
           Received                               |4.2.9     |C| | |x| | |
           MIME Version: 1.0 (Voice 2.0)          |4.2.10    |C| |x| | | |
           Content Type                           |4.2.11    |C|x| | | | |
           Content-Transfer-Encoding              |4.2.12    |C|x| | | | |
           Sensitivity                            |4.2.13    |C|x| | | | |2
           Importance                             |4.2.14    |C| | |x| | |
           Subject                                |4.2.15    |C| | |x| | |
           Disposition-notification-to            |4.7       |C| |x| | | |
           Other Headers                          |4.2       |C|x| | | | |3
                                                  |          | | | | | | |
       Message Content Encoding:                  |          | | | | | | |
         Sending outbound audio/fax contents      |          | | | | | | |
           7BIT                                   |4.2.12    |C| | | | |x|
           8BIT                                   |4.2.12    |C| | | | |x|
           Quoted Printable                       |4.2.12    |C| | | | |x|
           Base64                                 |4.2.12    |C|x| | | | |4
           Binary                                 |4.2.12    |C| |x| | | |5
         Receiving inbound message contents       |          | | | | | | |
           7BIT                                   |4.2.12    |C|x| | | | |
           8BIT                                   |4.2.12    |C|x| | | | |
           Quoted Printable                       |4.2.12    |C|x| | | | |
           Base64                                 |4.2.12    |C|x| | | | |
           Binary                                 |4.2.12    |C|x| | | | |5
                                                  |          | | | | | | |
     
     
     
     
     
     
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                                                             | | | | |S| |
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                                                  |          | | |S| |U|U|o
                                                  |          | | |H| |L|S|t
                                                  |          |A|M|O| |D|T|n
                                                  |          |R|U|U|M| | |o
                                                  |          |E|S|L|A|N|N|t
                                                  |          |A|T|D|Y|O|O|t
       FEATURE                                    |SECTION   | | | | |T|T|e
       -------------------------------------------|----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
       Message Content Types:                     |          | | | | | | |
         Sending outbound messages                |          | | | | | | |
           Multipart/Voice-Message                |4.4.1     |C|x| | | | |
             Message/RFC822                       |4.4.2     |C| |x| | | |
             Audio/32KADPCM                       |4.4.3     |C|x| | | | |
               Content-Description                |4.3.1     |C| | |x| | |
               Content-Disposition                |4.3.2     |C|x| | | | |
               Content-Duration                   |4.3.3     |C| | |x| | |
               Content-Language                   |4.3.4     |C| | |x| | |
             Image/TIFF; application=faxbw        |4.4.4     |C|x| | | | |7
             Text/Directory                       |4.5.2     |C| | | |x| |9
             Text/plain                           |4.5.4     |C| | | |x| |
             Audio/* or Image/* (other encodings) |4.5.3     |C| | | |x| |
             Other contents                       |4.5       |C| | | | |x|
           Multipart/Mixed                        |4.5.1     |C| | |x| | |
           Text/plain                             |4.5.4     |C| | |x| | |
           Multipart/Report                       |4.6, 4.7  |C|x| | | | |
              human-readable part is voice        |4.6, 4.7  |C| |x| | | |
              human-readable part is text         |4.6, 4.7  |C| | |x| | |
              Message/Delivery-Status             |4.6       |C|x| | | | |
              Message/Disposition-Notification    |4.7       |C| |x| | | |
           Other contents                         |4.5       |C| | | |x| |6
     
         Receiving in inbound messages            |          | | | | | | |
           Multipart/Voice-Message                |4.4.1     |C|x| | | | |
             Message/RFC822                       |4.4.2     |C|x| | | | |
             Audio/32KADPCM                       |4.4.3     |C|x| | | | |
               Content-Description                |4.3.1     |C| | |x| | |
               Content-Disposition                |4.3.2     |C| |x| | | |
               Content-Duration                   |4.3.3     |C| | |x| | |
               Content-Language                   |4.3.4     |C| | |x| | |
             Image/TIFF; application=faxbw        |4.4.4     |C| |x| | | |8
             Text/Directory                       |4.5.2     |C|x| | | | |9
             Text/plain                           |4.5.4     |C| | |x| | |
             Audio/* or Image/* (other encodings) |4.5.3     |C| | |x| | |
             Other contents                       |4.5       |C| | |x| | |
           Multipart/Mixed                        |4.5.1     |C| | |x| | |
     
     
     
     
     
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                                                 |           | | | | |S| |
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                                                 |           |A|M|O| |D|T|n
                                                 |           |R|U|U|M| | |o
                                                 |           |E|S|L|A|N|N|t
                                                 |           |A|T|D|Y|O|O|t
       FEATURE                                   |SECTION    | | | | |T|T|e
       ------------------------------------------|-----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
                                                 |           | | | | | | |
          Text/plain                             |4.5.4      |C|x| | | | |
          Multipart/Report                       |4.6, 4.7   |C|x| | | | |
            human-readable part is voice         |4.6, 4.7   |C|x| | | | |
            human-readable part is text          |4.6, 4.7   |C|x| | | | |
            Message/Delivery-Status              |4.6        |C|x| | | | |
            Message/Disposition-Notification     |4.7        |C| |x| | | |
          Other contents                         |4.5        |C| | |x| | |6
                                                 |           | | | | | | |
         Forwarded Messages                      |           | | | | | | |
           use Message/RFC822 construct          |4.8        |C| |x| | | |
           simulate headers if none available    |4.8        |C| |x| | | |
                                                 |           | | | | | | |
         Reply Messages                          |4.9        |C|x| | | | |
           send to Reply-To, else From address   |4.2.8      |C| | |x| | |
           send to non-mail-user                 |4.9        |C| | | |x| |
                                                 |           | | | | | | |
         Notifications                           |           | | | | | | |
           use Multipart/Report format           |4.6, 4.7   |C|x| | | | |
           always send error on non-delivery     |4.6        |C|x| | | | |
           send error messages to return-path    |4.2.6      |C|x| | | | |
                                                 |           | | | | | | |
       Message Transport Protocol:               |           | | | | | | |
         Base ESMTP Commands                     |           | | | | | | |
           HELO                                  |5.1        |T|x| | | | |
           MAIL FROM                             |5.1        |T|x| | | | |
           RCPT TO                               |5.1        |T|x| | | | |
           DATA                                  |5.1        |T|x| | | | |
           TURN                                  |5.1        |T| | | | |x|
           QUIT                                  |5.1        |T|x| | | | |
           RSET                                  |5.1        |T|x| | | | |
           VRFY                                  |5.1        |T| | |x| | |
           EHLO                                  |5.1        |T|x| | | | |
           BDAT                                  |5.1        |T| | |x| | |5
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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                                                             | | | | |S| |
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                                                  |          | | | | |O|M|o
                                                  |          | | |S| |U|U|o
                                                  |          | | |H| |L|S|t
                                                  |          |A|M|O| |D|T|n
                                                  |          |R|U|U|M| | |o
                                                  |          |E|S|L|A|N|N|t
                                                  |          |A|T|D|Y|O|O|t
       FEATURE                                    |SECTION   | | | | |T|T|e
       -------------------------------------------|----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
                                                  |          | | | | | | |
         ESMTP Keywords & Parameters              |          | | | | | | |
           DSN                                    |5.2.1     |T|x| | | | |
             NOTIFY                               |5.2.1     |T|x| | | | |
             RET                                  |5.2.1     |T| |x| | | |
             ENVID                                |5.2.1     |T| | |x| | |
             ORCPT                                |5.2.1     |T| | |x| | |
           SIZE                                   |5.2.2     |T|x| | | | |
           ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES                    |5.2.3     |T| |x| | | |
           PIPELINING                             |5.2.4     |T| |x| | | |
           CHUNKING                               |5.2.5     |T| | |x| | |
           BINARYMIME                             |5.2.6     |T| | |x| | |
                                                  |          | | | | | | |
         ESMTP-SMTP Downgrading                   |          | | | | | | |
           send delivery report upon downgrade    |5.3       |T|x| | | | |
                                                  |          | | | | | | |
       Directory Address Resolution               |          | | | | | | |
         provide facility to resolve addresses    |6         |C| |x| | | |
         use headers to populate local directory  |6         |C| | |x| | |
                                                  |          | | | | | | |
       Management Protocols:                      |          | | | | | | |
         Network management                       |7.1       |T| | |x| | |
       -------------------------------------------|----------|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
     
       Footnotes:
     
       1.  SHOULD leave blank if all recipients are not known or resolvable.
       2.  If a sensitive message is received by a system that does not support
           sensitivity, then it MUST be returned to the originator with an
           appropriate error notification.  Also, a received sensitive message
           MUST NOT be forwarded to anyone.
       3.  If the additional header fields are not understood they MAY be
           ignored
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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       4.  When binary transport is not available
       5.  When binary transport is available
       6.  Other un-profiled contents MUST only be sent by bilateral agreement.
       7.  If fax is supported.
       8.  If the fax content cannot be presented it MAY be dropped.
       9.  Handling of a vCard in text/directory is no longer defined.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     15. Appendix B - Example Voice Messages
     
       The following message is a full-featured message addressed to two
       recipients. The message includes the sender's spoken name, spoken
       subject and a short speech segment.  The message is marked as important
       and private.
     
       To: +19725551212@vm1.mycompany.com
       To: +16135551234@VM1.mycompany.com
       From: "Parsons, Glenn" <12145551234@VM2.mycompany.com>
       Date: Mon, 26 Aug 93 10:20:20 -0700 (CDT)
       MIME-Version: 1.0  (Voice 2.0)
       Content-type: Multipart/Voice-Message; Version=2.0;
         Boundary="MessageBoundary"
       Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
       Message-ID: 123456789@VM2.mycompany.com
       Sensitivity: Private
       Importance: High
     
       --MessageBoundary
       Content-type: Audio/32KADPCM
       Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64
       Content-Disposition: inline; voice=Originator-Spoken-Name
       Content-Language: en-US
       Content-ID: part1@VM2-4321
     
       glslfdslsertiflkTfpgkTportrpkTpfgTpoiTpdadasssdasddasdasd
       (This is a sample of the base-64 Spoken Name data)
       fgdhgddlkgpokpeowrit09==
     
       --MessageBoundary
       Content-type: Audio/32KADPCM
       Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64
       Content-Disposition: inline; voice=Spoken-Subject
       Content-Language: en-US
       Content-ID: part2@VM2-4321
     
       glslfdslsertiflkTfpgkTportrpkTpfgTpoiTpdadasssdasddasdasd
       (This is a sample of the base-64 Spoken Subject data)
       fgdhgddlkgpokpeowrit09==
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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       --MessageBoundary
       Content-type: Audio/32KADPCM
       Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64
       Content-Description: Brand X Voice Message
       Content-Disposition: inline; voice=Voice-Message; filename=msg1.726
       Content-Duration: 25
     
       iIiIiIjMzN3czdze3s7d7fwfHhcvESJVe/4yEhLz8/FOQjVFRERCESL/zqrq
       (This is a sample of the base64 message data) zb8tFdLTQt1PXj
       u7wjOyRhws+krdns7Rju0t4tLF7cE0K0MxOTOnRW/Pn30c8uHi9==
     
       --MessageBoundary-                         -                         -                         -
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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       The following message is a forwarded single segment voice.  Both the
       forwarded message and the forwarding message contain the senders spoken
       names.
     
          To: +12145551212@vm1.mycompany.com
          From: "Vaudreuil, Greg" <+19725552345@VM2.mycompany.com>
          Date: Mon, 26 Aug 93 10:20:20 -0700 (CDT)
          MIME-Version: 1.0  (Voice 2.0)
          Content-type: Multipart/Voice-Message; Version=2.0;
            Boundary="MessageBoundary"
          Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
          Message-ID: ABCD-123456789@VM2.mycompany.com
     
          --MessageBoundary
          Content-type: Audio/32KADPCM
          Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64
          Content-Disposition: inline; voice=Originator-Spoken-Name
          Content-Language: en-US
          Content-ID: part3@VM2-4321
     
          glslfdslsertiflkTfpgkTportrpkTpfgTpoiTpdadasssdasddasdasd
          (This is a sample of the base-64 Spoken Name data)
          fgdhgd dlkgpokpeowrit09==
     
          --MessageBoundary
          Content-type: Audio/32KADPCM
          Content-Description: Forwarded Message Annotation
          Content-Disposition: inline; voice=Voice-Message
          Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64
     
          glslfdslsertiflkTfpgkTportrpkTpfgTpoiTpdadasssdasddasdasd
          (This is the voiced introductory remarks encoded in base64)
          jrgoij3o45itj09fiuvdkjgWlakgQ93ijkpokfpgokQ90gQ5tkjpokfgW
          dlkgpokpeowrit09==
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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          --MessageBoundary
          Content-type: Message/RFC822
          Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
     
          To: +19725552345@VM2.mycompany.com
          From: "Parsons, Glenn, W." <+16135551234@VM1.mycompany.com>
          Date: Mon, 26 Aug 93 8:23:10 -0500 (EST)
          Content-type: Multipart/Voice-Message; Version=2.0;
            Boundary="MessageBoundary2"
          Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
          MIME-Version: 1.0  (Voice 2.0)
     
          --MessageBoundary2
          Content-type: Audio/32KADPCM
          Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64
          Content-Disposition: inline; voice=Originator-Spoken-Name
          Content-Language: en-US
          Content-ID: part6@VM2-4321
     
          glslfdslsertiflkTfpgkTportrpkTpfgTpoiTpdadasssdasddasdasd
          (This is a sample of the base-64 Spoken Name data) fgdhgd
           dlkgpokpeowrit09==
     
          --MessageBoundary2
          Content-type: Audio/32KADPCM
          Content-Disposition: inline; voice=Voice-Message
          Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64
     
          glslfdslsertiflkTfpgkTportrpkTpfgTpoiTpdadasssdasddasdasd
          (This is the original message audio data) fgwersdfmniwrjj
          jrgoij3o45itj09fiuvdkjgWlakgQ93ijkpokfpgokQ90gQ5tkjpokfgW
          dlkgpokpeowrit09==
     
          --MessageBoundary2--
     
          --MessageBoundary--
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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          The following example is for a DSN sent to the sender of a message by
          a VPIM gateway at VM1.company.com for a mailbox which does not exist.
     
          Date: Thu, 7 Jul 1994 17:16:05 -0400
          From: Mail Delivery Subsystem <MAILER-DAEMON@vm.company.com>
          Message-ID: <199407072116.RAA14128@vm1.company.com>
          Subject: Returned voice message
          To: 2175552345@VM2.mycompany.com
          MIME-Version: 1.0
          Content-Type: multipart/report; report-type=delivery-status;
            boundary="RAA14128.773615765/VM1.COMPANY.COM"
     
          --RAA14128.773615765/VM1.COMPANY.COM
          Content-type: Audio/32KADPCM
          Content-Description: Spoken Delivery Status Notification
          Content-Disposition: inline; voice= Voice-Message-Notification
          Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64
     
          glslfdslsertiflkTfpgkTportrpkTpfgTpoiTpdadadffsssddasdasd
          (This is a voiced description of the error in base64)
          jrgoij3o45itj09fiuvdkjgWlakgQ93ijkpokfpgokQ90gdffkjpokfgW
          dlkgpokpeowrit09==
     
          --RAA14128.773615765/VM1.COMPANY.COM
          Content-type: Message/Delivery-Status
     
          Reporting-MTA: dns; vm1.company.com
     
          Original-Recipient: rfc822; 2145551234@VM1.mycompany.com
          Final-Recipient: rfc822; 2145551234@VM1.mycompany.com
          Action: failed
          Status: 5.1.1 (User does not exist)
          Diagnostic-Code: smtp; 550 Mailbox not found
          Last-Attempt-Date: Thu, 7 Jul 1994 17:15:49 -0400
     
          --RAA14128.773615765/VM1.COMPANY.COM
          content-type: Message/RFC822
     
          [original VPIM message goes here]
     
          --RAA14128.773615765/VM1.COMPANY.COM--
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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          The following example is for an MDN sent to the original sender for a
          message that has been played.  This delivered VPIM message was
          received by a corporate gateway and relayed to a unified mailbox.
     
          Date: Thu, 7 Jul 1994 17:16:05 -0400
          From: "Greg Vaudreuil" <22722@vm.company.com>
          Message-ID: <199407072116.RAA14128@exchange.company.com>
          Subject: Voice message played
          To: 2175552345@VM2.mycompany.com
          MIME-Version: 1.0
          Content-Type: multipart/report;
            Report-type=disposition-notification;
            Boundary="RAA14128.773615765/EXCHANGE.COMPANY.COM"
     
          --RAA14128.773615765/EXCHANGE.COMPANY.COM
          Content-type: Audio/32KADPCM
          Content-Description: Spoken Disposition Notification
          Content-Disposition: inline; voice= Voice-Message-Notification
          Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64
     
          glslfdslsertiflkTfpgkTportrpkTpfgTpoiTpdadadffsssddasdasd
          (Voiced description of the disposition action in base64)
          jrgoij3o45itj09fiuvdkjgWlakgQ93ijkpokfpgokQ90gdffkjpokfgW
          dlkgpokpeowrit09==
     
          --RAA14128.773615765/EXCHANGE.COMPANY.COM
          Content-type: Message/Disposition-Notification
     
          Reporting-UA: gregs-laptop.dallas.company.com (Unified FooMail 3.0)
     
          Original-Recipient: rfc822;22722@vm.company.com
          Final-Recipient: rfc822;Greg.Vaudreuil@foomail.company.com
          Original-Message-ID: <199509192301.12345@vm2.mycompany.com>
          Disposition: manual-action/MDN-sent-automatically; displayed
     
          --RAA14128.773615765/EXCHANGE.COMPANY.COM
          Content-type: Message/RFC822
     
          [original VPIM message goes here]
     
          --RAA14128.773615765/EXCHANGE.COMPANY.COM--
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     16. Appendix C - Example Error Voice Processing Error Codes
     
       The following common voice processing errors and their corresponding
       status codes are given as examples.  The text after the error codes is
       intended only for reference to describe the error code.  Implementations
       should provide implementation-specific informative comments after the
       error code rather than the text below.
     
           Error condition                 RFC 1893 Error codes
           -----------------------------   --------------------------------
     
           Analog delivery failed          4.4.1 Persistent connection error
           because remote system is busy         - busy
     
           Analog delivery failed          4.4.1 Persistent protocol error
           because remote system is              - no answer from host
           ring-no-answer
     
           Remote system did not answer    5.5.5 Permanent protocol error
           AMIS-Analog handshake ("D" in         - wrong version
           response to "C" at connect
           time)
     
           Mailbox does not exist          5.1.1 Permanent mailbox error
                                                 - does not exist
     
           Mailbox full or over quota      4.2.2 Persistent mailbox error
                                                 - full
     
           Disk full                       4.3.1 Persistent system error
                                                 - full
     
           Command out of sequence         5.5.1 Permanent protocol error
                                                 - invalid command
     
           Frame Error                     5.5.2 Permanent protocol error
                                                 - syntax error
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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           Mailbox does not support FAX    5.6.1 Permanent media error
                                                 - not supported
     
           Mailbox does not support TEXT   5.6.1 Permanent media error
                                                 - not supported
     
           Sender is not authorized        5.7.1 Permanent security error
                                                 - sender not authorized
     
           Message marked private, but     5.3.3 Permanent system error
           system is not private capable         - not feature capable
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     17. Appendix D - Example Voice Processing Disposition Types
     
       The following common voice processing disposition conditions and their
       corresponding MDN Disposition (which contains the disposition mode, type
       and modifier, if applicable) are given as examples. Implementers should
       refer to [MDN] for a full description of the format of message
       disposition notifications.
     
       Notification event               MDN Disposition mode, type & modifier
       ------------------------------   ------------------------------------
     
       Message played by recipient,    manual-action/MDN-sent-automatically;
       receipt automatically returned  displayed
     
       Message deleted from mailbox    manual-action/MDN-sent-automatically;
       by user without listening       deleted
     
       Message cleared when mailbox    manual-action/MDN-sent-automatically;
       deleted by admin                deleted/mailbox-terminated
     
       Message automatically deleted   automatic-action/
       when older than administrator   MDN-sent-automatically; deleted/
       set threshold                   expired
     
       Message processed, however      manual-action/MDN-sent-automatically;
       audio encoding unknown -        processed/error
       unable to play to user          Error: unknown audio encoding
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     18. Appendix E - IANA Registrations
     
       There are no changes to the registration per [DISP] of the voice content
       disposition parameter defined in the earlier VPIM V2 document, RFC 2421.
       There are no changes to the registration per [MIME4] of the
       Multipart/voice-message content type defines in the earlier VPIM v2
       document, RFC 2423.
     
       Both are presented here for information.
     
     18.1 Voice Content-Disposition Parameter Definition
     
       To: IANA@IANA.ORG
     
       Subject: Registration of new Content-Disposition parameter
     
     
     
       Content-Disposition parameter name: voice
     
       Allowable values for this parameter:
     
            Voice-Message - the primary voice message,
            Voice-Message-Notification - a spoken delivery notification
              or spoken disposition notification,
            Originator-Spoken-Name - the spoken name of the originator,
            Recipient-Spoken-Name - the spoken name of the recipient if
              available to the originator and present if there is ONLY one
              recipient,
            Spoken-Subject- the spoken subject of the message, typically
              spoken by the originator
     
       Description:
     
       In order to distinguish between the various types of audio contents in a
       VPIM voice message a new disposition parameter "voice" is defined with
       the preceding values to be used as appropriate. Note that there SHOULD
       only be one instance of each of these types of audio contents per
       message level.  Additional instances of a given type (i.e., parameter
       value) may occur within an attached forwarded voice message.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     18.2 Multipart/Voice-Message MIME Media Type Definition
     
        To: ietf-types@iana.org
        Subject: Registration of MIME media type
                 Multipart/voice-message
     
        MIME media type name: multipart
     
        MIME subtype name: voice-message
     
        Required parameters: boundary, version
     
           The use of boundary is defined in [MIME2]
     
           The version parameter that contains the value "2.0" if
           enclosed content conforms to [VPIM2R2].  The absence of this
           parameter indicates conformance to the previous version
           defined in RFC 1911 [VPIM1].
     
        Optional parameters: none
     
        Encoding considerations: 7bit, 8bit or Binary
     
        Security considerations:
     
           This definition identifies the content as being a voice
           message.  In some environments (though likely not the
           majority), the loss of the anonymity of the content may be a
           security issue.
     
        Interoperability considerations:
     
           Systems developed to conform with [VPIM1] may not conform to
           this registration.  Specifically, the required version will
           likely be absent, in this case the recipient system should
           still be able to accept the message and will be able to
           handle the content.  The VPIM v1 positional identification,
           however, would likely be lost.
     
        Published specification:
           This document
     
        Applications that use this media type:
     
           Primarily voice messaging
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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        Additional information:
     
           Magic number(s): none
           File extension(s): .VPM
           Macintosh File Type Code(s): VPIM
     
        Person & email address to contact for further information:
     
           Glenn W. Parsons
           gparsons@nortelnetworks.com
     
           Gregory M. Vaudreuil
           gregv@ieee.org
     
        Intended usage: COMMON
     
        Author/Change controller:
     
           Glenn W. Parsons & Gregory M. Vaudreuil
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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     19. Appendix F - Change History: RFC 2421 (VPIM V2) to this Document
     
       The updated profile in this document is based on the implementation and
       operational deployment experience of several vendors.  The changes are
       categorized as general, content, transport and conformance.  They are
       summarized below:
     
       1. General
     
          - Various and substantial editorial updates to improve readability.
     
          - Separated send rules from receive rules to aid clarity.
     
          - Clarified the behavior upon reception of unrecognized content
          types expected with the interworking between voice and unified
          messaging systems. (e.g. Unsupported non-audio contents should be
          discarded to deliver the audio message.)
     
          - Reworked the sensitivity requirements to align them with X.400.
          Eliminated dependencies upon the MIXER documents.
     
          - Reorganized the content-type descriptions for clarity
     
       2. Content
     
          - Changed handling of received lines by a gateway to SHOULD NOT delete
          in a gateway.  In gateways to systems such as AMIS, it is not possible
          to preserve this information.  It is intended that such systems be
          able to claim conformance.
     
          - Eliminated the vCard as a supported VPIM V2 content type.
     
          - Merged in text from RFC 2423 (Multipart/voice-message)
     
       3. Transport
     
          - None
     
       4. Conformance
     
          - Aligned the table of Appendix A to the requirements in the text.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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