Network Working Group H. Singh
Internet-Draft W. Beebee
Updates: 6204 (if approved) Cisco Systems, Inc.
Intended status: Informational C. Donley
Expires: May 25, 2012 CableLabs
B. Stark
AT&T
O. Troan, Ed.
Cisco Systems, Inc.
November 22, 2011
Basic Requirements for IPv6 Customer Edge Routers
draft-ietf-v6ops-6204bis-03
Abstract
This document specifies requirements for an IPv6 Customer Edge (CE)
router. Specifically, the current version of this document focuses
on the basic provisioning of an IPv6 CE router and the provisioning
of IPv6 hosts attached to it. The document also covers IP transition
technologies and transition technologies coexistence. Two transition
technologies in RFC 5969's 6rd and RFC 6333's DS-Lite. are covered in
the document.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on May 25, 2012.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Current IPv4 End-User Network Architecture . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. IPv6 End-User Network Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.1. Local Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1. General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2. WAN-Side Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.3. LAN-Side Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4. Transition Technologies Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.4.1. 6rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.4.2. Dual-Stack Lite(DS-Lite) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4.3. Transition Technologies Coexistence . . . . . . . . . 15
4.5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Appendix A. Changes from RFC 6204 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
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1. Introduction
This document defines basic IPv6 features for a residential or small-
office router, referred to as an IPv6 CE router. Typically, these
routers also support IPv4.
Mixed environments of dual-stack hosts and IPv6-only hosts (behind
the CE router) can be more complex if the IPv6-only devices are using
a translator to access IPv4 servers [RFC6144]. Support for such
mixed environments is not in scope of this document.
This document specifies how an IPv6 CE router automatically
provisions its WAN interface, acquires address space for provisioning
of its LAN interfaces, and fetches other configuration information
from the service provider network. Automatic provisioning of more
complex topology than a single router with multiple LAN interfaces is
out of scope for this document.
See [RFC4779] for a discussion of options available for deploying
IPv6 in service provider access networks.
The document also covers IP transition technologies and transition
technologies coexistence. Two transition technologies in 6rd
[RFC5969] and DS-Lite [RFC6333] are covered in the document. At the
time of writing this document these were the only two transition
technologies available in RFC form to be included in this document.
1.1. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
2. Terminology
End-User Network one or more links attached to the IPv6 CE
router that connect IPv6 hosts.
IPv6 Customer Edge Router a node intended for home or small-office
use that forwards IPv6 packets not
explicitly addressed to itself. The IPv6
CE router connects the end-user network to
a service provider network.
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IPv6 Host any device implementing an IPv6 stack
receiving IPv6 connectivity through the
IPv6 CE router.
LAN Interface an IPv6 CE router's attachment to a link in
the end-user network. Examples are
Ethernets (simple or bridged), 802.11
wireless, or other LAN technologies. An
IPv6 CE router may have one or more
network-layer LAN interfaces.
Service Provider an entity that provides access to the
Internet. In this document, a service
provider specifically offers Internet
access using IPv6, and may also offer IPv4
Internet access. The service provider can
provide such access over a variety of
different transport methods such as DSL,
cable, wireless, and others.
WAN Interface an IPv6 CE router's attachment to a link
used to provide connectivity to the service
provider network; example link technologies
include Ethernets (simple or bridged), PPP
links, Frame Relay, or ATM networks, as
well as Internet-layer (or higher-layer)
"tunnels", such as tunnels over IPv4 or
IPv6 itself.
3. Architecture
3.1. Current IPv4 End-User Network Architecture
An end-user network will likely support both IPv4 and IPv6. It is
not expected that an end-user will change their existing network
topology with the introduction of IPv6. There are some differences
in how IPv6 works and is provisioned; these differences have
implications for the network architecture. A typical IPv4 end-user
network consists of a "plug and play" router with NAT functionality
and a single link behind it, connected to the service provider
network.
A typical IPv4 NAT deployment by default blocks all incoming
connections. Opening of ports is typically allowed using a Universal
Plug and Play Internet Gateway Device (UPnP IGD) [UPnP-IGD] or some
other firewall control protocol.
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Another consequence of using private address space in the end-user
network is that it provides stable addressing; i.e., it never changes
even when you change service providers, and the addresses are always
there even when the WAN interface is down or the customer edge router
has not yet been provisioned.
Rewriting addresses on the edge of the network also allows for some
rudimentary multihoming, even though using NATs for multihoming does
not preserve connections during a fail-over event [RFC4864].
Many existing routers support dynamic routing, and advanced end-users
can build arbitrary, complex networks using manual configuration of
address prefixes combined with a dynamic routing protocol.
3.2. IPv6 End-User Network Architecture
The end-user network architecture for IPv6 should provide equivalent
or better capabilities and functionality than the current IPv4
architecture.
The end-user network is a stub network. Figure 1 illustrates the
model topology for the end-user network.
+-------+-------+ \
| Service | \
| Provider | | Service
| Router | | Provider
+-------+-------+ | network
| /
| Customer /
| Internet connection /
|
+------+--------+ \
| IPv6 | \
| Customer Edge | \
| Router | /
+---+-------+-+-+ /
Network A | | Network B | End-User
---+-------------+----+- --+--+-------------+--- | network(s)
| | | | \
+----+-----+ +-----+----+ +----+-----+ +-----+----+ \
|IPv6 Host | |IPv6 Host | | IPv6 Host| |IPv6 Host | /
| | | | | | | | /
+----------+ +-----+----+ +----------+ +----------+ /
Figure 1: An Example of a Typical End-User Network
This architecture describes the:
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o Basic capabilities of an IPv6 CE router
o Provisioning of the WAN interface connecting to the service
provider
o Provisioning of the LAN interfaces
For IPv6 multicast traffic, the IPv6 CE router may act as a Multicast
Listener Discovery (MLD) proxy [RFC4605] and may support a dynamic
multicast routing protocol.
The IPv6 CE router may be manually configured in an arbitrary
topology with a dynamic routing protocol. Automatic provisioning and
configuration are described for a single IPv6 CE router only.
3.2.1. Local Communication
Link-local IPv6 addresses are used by hosts communicating on a single
link. Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses (ULAs) [RFC4193] are used
by hosts communicating within the end-user network across multiple
links, but without requiring the application to use a globally
routable address. The IPv6 CE router defaults to acting as the
demarcation point between two networks by providing a ULA boundary, a
multicast zone boundary, and ingress and egress traffic filters.
At the time of this writing, several host implementations do not
handle the case where they have an IPv6 address configured and no
IPv6 connectivity, either because the address itself has a limited
topological reachability (e.g., ULA) or because the IPv6 CE router is
not connected to the IPv6 network on its WAN interface. To support
host implementations that do not handle multihoming in a multi-prefix
environment [MULTIHOMING-WITHOUT-NAT], the IPv6 CE router should not,
as detailed in the requirements below, advertise itself as a default
router on the LAN interface(s) when it does not have IPv6
connectivity on the WAN interface or when it is not provisioned with
IPv6 addresses. For local IPv6 communication, the mechanisms
specified in [RFC4191] are used.
ULA addressing is useful where the IPv6 CE router has multiple LAN
interfaces with hosts that need to communicate with each other. If
the IPv6 CE router has only a single LAN interface (IPv6 link), then
link-local addressing can be used instead.
In the event that more than one IPv6 CE router is present on the LAN,
then coexistence with IPv4 requires any IPv6 CE router(s) on the LAN
to conform to these recommendations, especially requirements ULA-5
and L-4 below.
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4. Requirements
4.1. General Requirements
The IPv6 CE router is responsible for implementing IPv6 routing; that
is, the IPv6 CE router must look up the IPv6 destination address in
its routing table to decide to which interface it should send the
packet.
In this role, the IPv6 CE router is responsible for ensuring that
traffic using its ULA addressing does not go out the WAN interface,
and does not originate from the WAN interface.
G-1: An IPv6 CE router is an IPv6 node according to the IPv6 Node
Requirements [RFC4294] specification.
G-2: The IPv6 CE router MUST implement ICMPv6 according to
[RFC4443]. In particular, point-to-point links MUST be handled
as described in Section 3.1 of [RFC4443].
G-3: The IPv6 CE router MUST NOT forward any IPv6 traffic between
its LAN interface(s) and its WAN interface until the router has
successfully completed the IPv6 address acquisition process.
G-4: By default, an IPv6 CE router that has no default router(s) on
its WAN interface MUST NOT advertise itself as an IPv6 default
router on its LAN interfaces. That is, the "Router Lifetime"
field is set to zero in all Router Advertisement messages it
originates [RFC4861].
G-5: By default, if the IPv6 CE router is an advertising router and
loses its IPv6 default router(s) and/or detects loss of
connectivity on the WAN interface, it MUST explicitly
invalidate itself as an IPv6 default router on each of its
advertising interfaces by immediately transmitting one or more
Router Advertisement messages with the "Router Lifetime" field
set to zero [RFC4861].
4.2. WAN-Side Configuration
The IPv6 CE router will need to support connectivity to one or more
access network architectures. This document describes an IPv6 CE
router that is not specific to any particular architecture or service
provider and that supports all commonly used architectures.
IPv6 Neighbor Discovery and DHCPv6 protocols operate over any type of
IPv6-supported link layer, and there is no need for a link-layer-
specific configuration protocol for IPv6 network-layer configuration
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options as in, e.g., PPP IP Control Protocol (IPCP) for IPv4. This
section makes the assumption that the same mechanism will work for
any link layer, be it Ethernet, the Data Over Cable Service Interface
Specification (DOCSIS), PPP, or others.
WAN-side requirements:
W-1: When the router is attached to the WAN interface link, it MUST
act as an IPv6 host for the purposes of stateless [RFC4862] or
stateful [RFC3315] interface address assignment.
W-2: The IPv6 CE router MUST generate a link-local address and
finish Duplicate Address Detection according to [RFC4862] prior
to sending any Router Solicitations on the interface. The
source address used in the subsequent Router Solicitation MUST
be the link-local address on the WAN interface.
W-3: Absent other routing information, the IPv6 CE router MUST use
Router Discovery as specified in [RFC4861] to discover a
default router(s) and install default route(s) in its routing
table with the discovered router's address as the next hop.
W-4: The router MUST act as a requesting router for the purposes of
DHCPv6 prefix delegation ([RFC3633]).
W-5: DHCPv6 address assignment (IA_NA) and DHCPv6 prefix delegation
(IA_PD) SHOULD be done as a single DHCPv6 session.
W-6: The IPv6 CE router MUST use a persistent DHCP Unique Identifier
(DUID) for DHCPv6 messages. The DUID MUST NOT change between
network interface resets or IPv6 CE router reboots.
Link-layer requirements:
WLL-1: If the WAN interface supports Ethernet encapsulation, then
the IPv6 CE router MUST support IPv6 over Ethernet [RFC2464].
WLL-2: If the WAN interface supports PPP encapsulation, the IPv6 CE
router MUST support IPv6 over PPP [RFC5072].
WLL-3: If the WAN interface supports PPP encapsulation, in a dual-
stack environment with IPCP and IPV6CP running over one PPP
logical channel, the Network Control Protocols (NCPs) MUST be
treated as independent of each other and start and terminate
independently.
Address assignment requirements:
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WAA-1: The IPv6 CE router MUST support Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) [RFC4862].
WAA-2: The IPv6 CE router MUST follow the recommendations in Section
4 of [RFC5942], and in particular the handling of the L flag
in the Router Advertisement Prefix Information option.
WAA-3: The IPv6 CE router MUST support DHCPv6 [RFC3315] client
behavior.
WAA-4: The IPv6 CE router MUST be able to support the following
DHCPv6 options: IA_NA, Reconfigure Accept [RFC3315], and
DNS_SERVERS [RFC3646]. The IPv6 CE router SHOULD be able to
support the DNS Search List DNSSL option as specfied in
[RFC6106].
WAA-5: The IPv6 CE router SHOULD support the DHCPv6 Simple Network
Time Protocol (SNTP) option [RFC4075] and the Information
Refresh Time option [RFC4242].
WAA-6: If the IPv6 CE router receives a Router Advertisement message
(described in [RFC4861]) with the M flag set to 1, the IPv6
CE router MUST do DHCPv6 address assignment (request an IA_NA
option).
WAA-7: If the IPv6 CE router does not acquire global IPv6
address(es) from either SLAAC or DHCPv6, then it MUST create
global IPv6 address(es) from its delegated prefix(es) and
configure those on one of its internal virtual network
interfaces unless configured to require a global IPv6 address
on the WAN interface.
WAA-8: The CE Router MUST parse the DHCPv6 SOL_MAX_RT option
[I-D.droms-dhc-dhcpv6-maxsolrt-update] in a received DHCPv6
Advertise or Reply message and set its internal SOL_MAX_RT
parameter to the value contained in the SOL_MAX_RT option.
WAA-9: As a router, the IPv6 CE router MUST follow the weak host
(Weak ES) model [RFC1122]. When originating packets from an
interface, it will use a source address from another one of
its interfaces if the outgoing interface does not have an
address of suitable scope.
Prefix delegation requirements:
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WPD-1: The IPv6 CE router MUST support DHCPv6 prefix delegation
requesting router behavior as specified in [RFC3633] (IA_PD
option).
WPD-2: The IPv6 CE router MAY indicate as a hint to the delegating
router the size of the prefix it requires. If so, it MUST
ask for a prefix large enough to assign one /64 for each of
its interfaces, rounded up to the nearest nibble, and SHOULD
be configurable to ask for more.
WPD-3: The IPv6 CE router MUST be prepared to accept a delegated
prefix size different from what is given in the hint. If the
delegated prefix is too small to address all of its
interfaces, the IPv6 CE router SHOULD log a system management
error.
WPD-4: By default, the IPv6 CE router MUST initiate DHCPv6 prefix
delegation when either the M or O flags are set to 1 in a
received Router Advertisement message.
WPD-5: If the IPv6 CE router is configured to initiate DHCPv6 before
receiving a Router Advertisement, it MUST also request an
IA_NA option in DHCPv6.
WPD-6: If the delegated prefix(es) are aggregate route(s) of
multiple, more-specific routes, the IPv6 CE router MUST
discard packets that match the aggregate route(s), but not
any of the more-specific routes. In other words, the next
hop for the aggregate route(s) should be the null
destination. This is necessary to prevent forwarding loops
when some addresses covered by the aggregate are not
reachable [RFC4632].
(a) The IPv6 CE router SHOULD send an ICMPv6 Destination
Unreachable message in accordance with Section 3.1 of
[RFC4443] back to the source of the packet, if the
packet is to be dropped due to this rule.
WPD-7: If the IPv6 CE router requests both an IA_NA and an IA_PD
option in DHCPv6, it MUST accept an IA_PD option in DHCPv6
Advertise/Reply messages, even if the message does not
contain any addresses, unless configured to only obtain its
WAN IPv6 address via DHCPv6.
WPD-8: By default, an IPv6 CE router MUST NOT initiate any dynamic
routing protocol on its WAN interface.
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4.3. LAN-Side Configuration
The IPv6 CE router distributes configuration information obtained
during WAN interface provisioning to IPv6 hosts and assists IPv6
hosts in obtaining IPv6 addresses. It also supports connectivity of
these devices in the absence of any working WAN interface.
An IPv6 CE router is expected to support an IPv6 end-user network and
IPv6 hosts that exhibit the following characteristics:
1. Link-local addresses may be insufficient for allowing IPv6
applications to communicate with each other in the end-user
network. The IPv6 CE router will need to enable this
communication by providing globally scoped unicast addresses or
ULAs [RFC4193], whether or not WAN connectivity exists.
2. IPv6 hosts should be capable of using SLAAC and may be capable of
using DHCPv6 for acquiring their addresses.
3. IPv6 hosts may use DHCPv6 for other configuration information,
such as the DNS_SERVERS option for acquiring DNS information.
Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply to the
IPv6 CE router's LAN interfaces only.
ULA requirements:
ULA-1: The IPv6 CE router SHOULD be capable of generating a ULA
prefix [RFC4193].
ULA-2: An IPv6 CE router with a ULA prefix MUST maintain this prefix
consistently across reboots.
ULA-3: The value of the ULA prefix SHOULD be user-configurable.
ULA-4: By default, the IPv6 CE router MUST act as a site border
router according to Section 4.3 of [RFC4193] and filter
packets with local IPv6 source or destination addresses
accordingly.
ULA-5: An IPv6 CE router MUST NOT advertise itself as a default
router with a Router Lifetime greater than zero whenever all
of its configured and delegated prefixes are ULA prefixes.
LAN requirements:
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L-1: The IPv6 CE router MUST support router behavior according to
Neighbor Discovery for IPv6 [RFC4861].
L-2: The IPv6 CE router MUST assign a separate /64 from its
delegated prefix(es) (and ULA prefix if configured to provide
ULA addressing) for each of its LAN interfaces.
L-3: An IPv6 CE router MUST advertise itself as a router for the
delegated prefix(es) (and ULA prefix if configured to provide
ULA addressing) using the "Route Information Option" specified
in Section 2.3 of [RFC4191]. This advertisement is
independent of having or not having IPv6 connectivity on the
WAN interface.
L-4: An IPv6 CE router MUST NOT advertise itself as a default
router with a Router Lifetime [RFC4861] greater than zero if
it has no prefixes configured or delegated to it.
L-5: The IPv6 CE router MUST make each LAN interface an advertising
interface according to [RFC4861].
L-6: In Router Advertisement messages, the Prefix Information
option's A and L flags MUST be set to 1 by default.
L-7: The A and L flags' settings SHOULD be user-configurable.
L-8: The IPv6 CE router MUST support a DHCPv6 server capable of
IPv6 address assignment according to [RFC3315] OR a stateless
DHCPv6 server according to [RFC3736] on its LAN interfaces.
L-9: Unless the IPv6 CE router is configured to support the DHCPv6
IA_NA option, it SHOULD set the M flag to 0 and the O flag to
1 in its Router Advertisement messages [RFC4861].
L-10: The IPv6 CE router MUST support providing DNS information in
the DHCPv6 DNS_SERVERS and DOMAIN_LIST options [RFC3646].
L-11: The IPv6 CE router MUST support providing DNS information in
the Router Advertisement Recursive DNS Server (RDNSS) and
DNSSL options.
L-12: The IPv6 CE router SHOULD make available a subset of DHCPv6
options (as listed in Section 5.3 of [RFC3736]) received from
the DHCPv6 client on its WAN interface to its LAN-side DHCPv6
server.
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L-13: If the delegated prefix changes, i.e., the current prefix is
replaced with a new prefix without any overlapping time
period, then the IPv6 CE router MUST immediately advertise the
old prefix with a Preferred Lifetime of zero and a Valid
Lifetime of the lower of the current Valid Lifetime and two
hours (which must be decremented in real time) in a Router
Advertisement message as described in Section 5.5.3, (e) of
[RFC4862].
L-14: The IPv6 CE router MUST send an ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable
message, code 5 (Source address failed ingress/egress policy)
for packets forwarded to it that use an address from a prefix
that has been deprecated.
4.4. Transition Technologies Support
4.4.1. 6rd
The IPv6 CE Router can be used to offer IPv6 service to a LAN, even
when the WAN access network only supports IPv4. One technology that
supports IPv6 service over an IPv4 network is IPv6 Rapid Deployment
(6rd). 6rd encapsulates IPv6 traffic from the end user LAN inside
IPv4 at the IPv6 CE Router and sends it to a Service Provider Border
Relay (BR). The IPv6 CE Router calculates a 6rd delegated IPv6
prefix during 6rd configuration, and sub-delegates the 6rd delegated
prefix to devices in the LAN.
The IPv6 CE Router SHOULD implement 6rd functionality as specified in
[RFC5969].
6rd requirements:
6RD-1: If the IPv6 CE Router implements 6rd functionality, the CE
Router WAN interface MUST support at least one 6rd Virtual
Interface.
6RD-2: If the IPv6 CE router implements 6rd functionality, it MUST
support 6rd configuration via the 6rd DHCPv4 Option (212) and
if the IPv6 CE router is capable of automated configuration
of IPv4 through IPCP (i.e., over a PPP connection), it MUST
support user-entered configuration of 6rd. The IPv6 CE
router MAY use other mechanisms to configure 6rd parameters.
Such mechanisms are outside the scope of this document.
6RD-3: If the CE router implements 6rd functionality, it MUST allow
the user to specify whether all IPv6 traffic goes to the 6rd
Border Relay, or whether IPv6 traffic to other destinations
within the same 6rd domain are routed directly to those
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destinations. The CE router MAY use other mechanisms to
configure this. Such mechanisms are outside the scope of
this document.
6RD-4: If 6rd is operational on the IPv6 CE Router, multicast data
MUST NOT be sent on any 6rd tunnel.
6RD-5: The CE Router MUST NOT forward 6RD traffic over a DS-Lite
([RFC6333]) tunnel.
4.4.2. Dual-Stack Lite(DS-Lite)
Even as users migrate from IPv4 to IPv6 addressing, a significant
percentage of Internet resources and content will remain accessible
only through IPv4. Also, many end-user devices will only support
IPv4. As a consequence, Service Providers require mechanisms to
allow customers to continue to access content and resources using
IPv4 even after the last IPv4 allocations have been fully depleted.
One technology that can be used for IPv4 address extension is DS-
Lite.
DS-Lite enables a Service Provider to share IPv4 addresses among
multiple customers by combining two well-known technologies: IP in IP
(IPv4-in-IPv6) tunneling and Carrier Grade NAT. More specifically,
Dual-Stack-Lite encapsulates IPv4 traffic inside an IPv6 tunnel at
the IPv6 CE Router and sends it to a Service Provider Address Family
Transition Router (AFTR). Configuration of the IPv6 CE Router to
support IPv4 LAN traffic is outside the scope of this document.
The IPv6 CE Router SHOULD implement DS-Lite functionality as
specified in [RFC6333].
WAN requirements:
DLW-1: To facilitate IPv4 extension over an IPv6 network, if the CE
Router supports DS-Lite functionality, the CE Router WAN
interface MUST implement a B4 Interface as specified in
[RFC6333].
DLW-2: If the IPv6 CE Router implements DS-Lite functionality, the
CE Router MUST support using a DS-Lite DHCPv6 option
[RFC6334] to configure the DS-Lite tunnel. The IPv6 CE
Router MAY use other mechanisms to configure DS-Lite
parameters. Such mechanisms are outside the scope of this
document.
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DLW-3: IPv6 CE Router MUST NOT perform IPv4 Network Address
Translation (NAT) on IPv4 traffic encapsulated using DS-Lite.
DLW-4: If the IPv6 CE Router is configured with a public IPv4
address on its WAN interface, where public IPv4 address is
defined as any address which is not in the private IP address
space specified in [RFC5735], then the IPv6 CE Router SHOULD
disable the DS-Lite B4 element.
DLW-5: If DS-Lite is operational on the IPv6 CE Router, multicast
data MUST NOT be sent on any DS-Lite tunnel.
DLW-6: The CE Router MUST NOT forward DS-Lite traffic over a 6RD
tunnel.
4.4.3. Transition Technologies Coexistence
Supporting transition technologies that may coexist with native
service requires control over provisioning and sunsetting. Some
guidelines follow:
1. Initiate native IPv4/IPv6 provisioning (e.g. via DHCP)
simultaneously.
2. After IPv4 provisioning completes, if 6rd parameters are obtained
from the DHCPv4 transaction or configured on the device, initiate
6rd.
3. After IPv6 provisioning completes, if DS-Lite parameters are
obtained from the DHCPv6 transaction or configured on the device,
initiate DS-Lite.
4. Routes over the DS-Lite tunnel always have a higher
administrative distance than native IPv4 routes.
5. Selection of 6rd tunnel or native IPv6 output interface on the CE
router is determined by the source IPv6 address of the packet
from a host, when different prefixes are available over 6rd vs.
native IPv6. If the two interfaces provide the CE router with
the same prefix, then the CE router prefers the native IPv6
interface to the 6rd interface for forwarding traffic out the WAN
when both 6rd and native IPv6 interfaces are active.
6. The CE router messages to the host the use of native IPv6 in
preference to 6rd, in the case where the two interfaces use
different prefixes.
During a sunsetting activity such as deprecating 6rd and moving to
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native IPv6, the IPv6 CE router MUST immediately advertise the 6rd
prefix with a Preferred Lifetime of zero and a Valid Lifetime of the
lower of the current Valid Lifetime and two hours (which must be
decremented in real time) in a Router Advertisement message as
described in Section 5.5.3, (e) of [RFC4862]. Due to the two hours
rule specified in [RFC4862], the 6rd and the native IPv6 prefix will
coexist in the home network. The two hours rule specified in section
5.5.3 of [RFC4862] causes any deprecated prefix to linger on the node
even when an RA has sent a Preferred Lifetime of zero to expire the
prefix to the node. During such coexistence of multiple prefixes,
the CE router sends an ICMPv6 error for packets sourced or destined
related to the deprecated prefix. Note this document already
includes text in bullet L-14 in section 4.3 for such a provision.
4.5. Security Considerations
It is considered a best practice to filter obviously malicious
traffic (e.g., spoofed packets, "Martian" addresses, etc.). Thus,
the IPv6 CE router ought to support basic stateless egress and
ingress filters. The CE router is also expected to offer mechanisms
to filter traffic entering the customer network; however, the method
by which vendors implement configurable packet filtering is beyond
the scope of this document.
Security requirements:
S-1: The IPv6 CE router SHOULD support [RFC6092]. In particular,
the IPv6 CE router SHOULD support functionality sufficient for
implementing the set of recommendations in [RFC6092],
Section 4. This document takes no position on whether such
functionality is enabled by default or mechanisms by which
users would configure it.
S-2: The IPv6 CE router MUST support ingress filtering in accordance
with BCP 38 [RFC2827].
S-3: If the IPv6 CE router firewall is configured to filter incoming
tunneled data, the firewall SHOULD provide the capability to
filter decapsulated packets from a tunnel.
5. Acknowledgements
Thanks to the following people (in alphabetical order) for their
guidance and feedback:
Mikael Abrahamsson, Tore Anderson, Merete Asak, Scott Beuker, Mohamed
Boucadair, Rex Bullinger, Brian Carpenter, Tassos Chatzithomaoglou,
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Lorenzo Colitti, Remi Denis-Courmont, Gert Doering, Alain Durand,
Katsunori Fukuoka, Tony Hain, Thomas Herbst, Kevin Johns, Erik Kline,
Stephen Kramer, Victor Kuarsingh, Francois-Xavier Le Bail, Arifumi
Matsumoto, David Miles, Shin Miyakawa, Jean-Francois Mule, Michael
Newbery, Carlos Pignataro, John Pomeroy, Antonio Querubin, Hiroki
Sato, Teemu Savolainen, Matt Schmitt, David Thaler, Mark Townsley,
Bernie Volz, Dan Wing, James Woodyatt, and Cor Zwart.
This document is based in part on CableLabs' eRouter specification.
The authors wish to acknowledge the additional contributors from the
eRouter team:
Ben Bekele, Amol Bhagwat, Ralph Brown, Eduardo Cardona, Margo Dolas,
Toerless Eckert, Doc Evans, Roger Fish, Michelle Kuska, Diego
Mazzola, John McQueen, Harsh Parandekar, Michael Patrick, Saifur
Rahman, Lakshmi Raman, Ryan Ross, Ron da Silva, Madhu Sudan, Dan
Torbet, and Greg White.
6. Contributors
The following people have participated as co-authors or provided
substantial contributions to this document: Ralph Droms, Kirk
Erichsen, Fred Baker, Jason Weil, Lee Howard, Jean-Francois Tremblay,
Yiu Lee, John Jason Brzozowski, and Heather Kirksey.
7. References
7.1. Normative References
[I-D.droms-dhc-dhcpv6-maxsolrt-update]
Droms, R., "Modification to Default Value of MAX_SOL_RT",
draft-droms-dhc-dhcpv6-maxsolrt-update-00 (work in
progress), November 2011.
[RFC1102] Clark, D., "Policy routing in Internet protocols",
RFC 1102, May 1989.
[RFC1104] Braun, H., "Models of policy based routing", RFC 1104,
June 1989.
[RFC1122] Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122, October 1989.
[RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.
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[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2464] Crawford, M., "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet
Networks", RFC 2464, December 1998.
[RFC2827] Ferguson, P. and D. Senie, "Network Ingress Filtering:
Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source
Address Spoofing", BCP 38, RFC 2827, May 2000.
[RFC3315] Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C.,
and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for
IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
[RFC3484] Draves, R., "Default Address Selection for Internet
Protocol version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 3484, February 2003.
[RFC3633] Troan, O. and R. Droms, "IPv6 Prefix Options for Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) version 6", RFC 3633,
December 2003.
[RFC3646] Droms, R., "DNS Configuration options for Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3646,
December 2003.
[RFC3736] Droms, R., "Stateless Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) Service for IPv6", RFC 3736, April 2004.
[RFC4075] Kalusivalingam, V., "Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP)
Configuration Option for DHCPv6", RFC 4075, May 2005.
[RFC4191] Draves, R. and D. Thaler, "Default Router Preferences and
More-Specific Routes", RFC 4191, November 2005.
[RFC4193] Hinden, R. and B. Haberman, "Unique Local IPv6 Unicast
Addresses", RFC 4193, October 2005.
[RFC4242] Venaas, S., Chown, T., and B. Volz, "Information Refresh
Time Option for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for
IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 4242, November 2005.
[RFC4294] Loughney, J., "IPv6 Node Requirements", RFC 4294,
April 2006.
[RFC4443] Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, "Internet Control
Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol
Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 4443, March 2006.
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[RFC4605] Fenner, B., He, H., Haberman, B., and H. Sandick,
"Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) / Multicast
Listener Discovery (MLD)-Based Multicast Forwarding
("IGMP/MLD Proxying")", RFC 4605, August 2006.
[RFC4632] Fuller, V. and T. Li, "Classless Inter-domain Routing
(CIDR): The Internet Address Assignment and Aggregation
Plan", BCP 122, RFC 4632, August 2006.
[RFC4779] Asadullah, S., Ahmed, A., Popoviciu, C., Savola, P., and
J. Palet, "ISP IPv6 Deployment Scenarios in Broadband
Access Networks", RFC 4779, January 2007.
[RFC4861] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman,
"Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861,
September 2007.
[RFC4862] Thomson, S., Narten, T., and T. Jinmei, "IPv6 Stateless
Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 4862, September 2007.
[RFC4864] Van de Velde, G., Hain, T., Droms, R., Carpenter, B., and
E. Klein, "Local Network Protection for IPv6", RFC 4864,
May 2007.
[RFC5072] S.Varada, Haskins, D., and E. Allen, "IP Version 6 over
PPP", RFC 5072, September 2007.
[RFC5735] Cotton, M. and L. Vegoda, "Special Use IPv4 Addresses",
BCP 153, RFC 5735, January 2010.
[RFC5942] Singh, H., Beebee, W., and E. Nordmark, "IPv6 Subnet
Model: The Relationship between Links and Subnet
Prefixes", RFC 5942, July 2010.
[RFC5969] Townsley, W. and O. Troan, "IPv6 Rapid Deployment on IPv4
Infrastructures (6rd) -- Protocol Specification",
RFC 5969, August 2010.
[RFC6092] Woodyatt, J., "Recommended Simple Security Capabilities in
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) for Providing
Residential IPv6 Internet Service", RFC 6092,
January 2011.
[RFC6106] Jeong, J., Park, S., Beloeil, L., and S. Madanapalli,
"IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS Configuration",
RFC 6106, November 2010.
[RFC6204] Singh, H., Beebee, W., Donley, C., Stark, B., and O.
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Troan, "Basic Requirements for IPv6 Customer Edge
Routers", RFC 6204, April 2011.
[RFC6333] Durand, A., Droms, R., Woodyatt, J., and Y. Lee, "Dual-
Stack Lite Broadband Deployments Following IPv4
Exhaustion", RFC 6333, August 2011.
[RFC6334] Hankins, D. and T. Mrugalski, "Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) Option for Dual-Stack Lite",
RFC 6334, August 2011.
7.2. Informative References
[MULTIHOMING-WITHOUT-NAT]
Troan, O., Ed., Miles, D., Matsushima, S., Okimoto, T.,
and D. Wing, "IPv6 Multihoming without Network Address
Translation", Work in Progress, December 2010.
[RFC6144] Baker, F., Li, X., Bao, C., and K. Yin, "Framework for
IPv4/IPv6 Translation", RFC 6144, March 2011.
[UPnP-IGD]
UPnP Forum, "Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Internet
Gateway Device (IGD)", November 2001,
<http://www.upnp.org/>.
Appendix A. Changes from RFC 6204
1. Added IP transition technologies available in RFC form.
2. Added IP transition technologies coexistence.
3. Changed bullet G-5 to augment the condition of losing IPv6
default router(s) with loss of connectivity.
4. Removed bullet WAA-7 due to not reaching consensus by various
service provider standards bodies. The removal of text does not
remove any critical functionality from the CE specification.
5. Changed bullet WAA-8 to qualify WAN behavior only if not
configured to perform DHCPv6. This way a deployment specific
profile can mandate DHCPv6 numbered WAN wihout conflicting with
this document.
6. Changed the WPD-2 bullet from MUST be configurable to SHOULD be
configurable.
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7. Changed bullet WPD-4 for a default behavior without compromising
any prior specification of the CE device. The change was needed
by a specific layer 1 deployment which wanted to specify a MUST
for DHCPv6 in their layer 1 profile and not conflict with this
document.
8. Changed bullet WPD-7 to qualify text for DHCPv6.
9. Added a new WAN DHCPv6 requirement for SOL_MAX_RT of DHCPv6 so
that if an service provider does not have DHCPv6 service enabled
CE routers do not send too frequent DHCPv6 requests to the
service provider DHCPv6 server.
10. Changed bullet L-11 from SHOULD provide DNS options in the RA to
MUST provide DNS option in the RA.
11. New bullet added to the Security Considerations section due to
addition of transition technology. The CE router filters
decapsulated 6rd data.
12. Minor change involved changing ICMP to ICMPv6.
Authors' Addresses
Hemant Singh
Cisco Systems, Inc.
1414 Massachusetts Ave.
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Phone: +1 978 936 1622
EMail: shemant@cisco.com
URI: http://www.cisco.com/
Wes Beebee
Cisco Systems, Inc.
1414 Massachusetts Ave.
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Phone: +1 978 936 2030
EMail: wbeebee@cisco.com
URI: http://www.cisco.com/
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Chris Donley
CableLabs
858 Coal Creek Circle
Louisville, CO 80027
USA
EMail: c.donley@cablelabs.com
Barbara Stark
AT&T
725 W Peachtree St.
Atlanta, GA 30308
USA
EMail: barbara.stark@att.com
Ole Troan (editor)
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Telemarksvingen 20
N-0655 OSLO,
Norway
EMail: ot@cisco.com
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