Internet Engineering Task Force                             H. Chen, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                       Huawei Technologies
Intended status: Experimental                              R. Torvi, Ed.
Expires: October 17, 2016                               Juniper Networks
                                                          April 15, 2016


         Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Ingress Local Protection
             draft-ietf-teas-rsvp-ingress-protection-06.txt

Abstract

   This document describes extensions to Resource Reservation Protocol -
   Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) for locally protecting the ingress node
   of a Traffic Engineered (TE) Label Switched Path (LSP), which is a
   Point-to-Point (P2P) LSP or a Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) LSP.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on October 17, 2016.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.



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Table of Contents

   1.  Co-authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     2.1.  An Example of Ingress Local Protection . . . . . . . . . .  3
     2.2.  Ingress Local Protection with FRR  . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  Ingress Failure Detection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     3.1.  Source Detects Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     3.2.  Backup and Source Detect Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  Backup Forwarding State  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     4.1.  Forwarding State for Backup LSP  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   5.  Protocol Extensions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     5.1.  INGRESS_PROTECTION Object  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
       5.1.1.  Subobject: Backup Ingress IPv4 Address . . . . . . . .  7
       5.1.2.  Subobject: Backup Ingress IPv6 Address . . . . . . . .  8
       5.1.3.  Subobject: Ingress IPv4 Address  . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       5.1.4.  Subobject: Ingress IPv6 Address  . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       5.1.5.  Subobject: Traffic Descriptor  . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
       5.1.6.  Subobject: Label-Routes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   6.  Behavior of Ingress Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     6.1.  Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       6.1.1.  Relay-Message Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       6.1.2.  Proxy-Ingress Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       6.1.3.  Comparing Two Methods  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     6.2.  Ingress Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       6.2.1.  Relay-Message Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       6.2.2.  Proxy-Ingress Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     6.3.  Backup Ingress Behavior  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       6.3.1.  Backup Ingress Behavior in Off-path Case . . . . . . . 15
       6.3.2.  Backup Ingress Behavior in On-path Case  . . . . . . . 17
       6.3.3.  Failure Detection and Refresh PATH Messages  . . . . . 18
     6.4.  Revertive Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       6.4.1.  Revert to Primary Ingress  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       6.4.2.  Global Repair by Backup Ingress  . . . . . . . . . . . 19
   7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
   8.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     8.1.  A New Class Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   9.  Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   10. Acknowledgement  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
   11. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
   A.  Problem Summary  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   B.  Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23









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1.  Co-authors

   Ning So, Autumn Liu, Yimin Shen, Tarek Saad, Fengman Xu, Mehmet Toy,
   Lei Liu


2.  Introduction

   For a MPLS LSP it is important to have a fast-reroute method for
   protecting its ingress node and transit nodes.  Protecting an ingress
   is not covered either in the fast-reroute method defined in [RFC4090]
   or in the P2MP fast-reroute extensions to fast-reroute in [RFC4875].

   An alternate approach to local protection (fast-reroute) is to use
   global protection and set up a secondary backup LSP (whether P2MP or
   P2P) from a backup ingress to the egresses.  The main disadvantage of
   this is that the backup LSP may reserve additional network bandwidth.

   This specification defines a simple extension to RSVP-TE for local
   protection of the ingress node of a P2MP or P2P LSP.

2.1.  An Example of Ingress Local Protection

   Figure 1 shows an example of using a backup P2MP LSP to locally
   protect the ingress of a primary P2MP LSP, which is from ingress R1
   to three egresses: L1, L2 and L3.  The backup LSP is from backup
   ingress Ra to the next hops R2 and R4 of ingress R1.

                     [R2]******[R3]*****[L1]
                    *  |                               **** Primary LSP
                   *   |                               ---- Backup LSP
                  *    /                               .... BFD Session
                 *    /                                  $  Link
         ....[R1]*******[R4]****[R5]*****[L2]           $
         :  $  $    /     /        *                   $
         : $   $   /     /          *
        [S]    $  /     /            *
           $   $ /     /              *
            $  $/     /                *
             [Ra]----[Rb]               [L3]


         Figure 1: Backup P2MP LSP for Locally Protecting Ingress

   In normal operations, source S sends the traffic to primary ingress
   R1.  R1 imports the traffic into the primary LSP.

   When source S detects the failure of R1, it switches the traffic to



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   backup ingress Ra, which imports the traffic from S into the backup
   LSP to R1's next hops R2 and R4, where the traffic is merged into the
   primary LSP, and then sent to egresses L1, L2 and L3.  Source S
   detects the failure of R1 and switches the traffic within 10s of ms.

   Note that the backup ingress is one logical hop away from the
   ingress.  A logical hop is a direct link or a tunnel such as a GRE
   tunnel, over which RSVP-TE messages may be exchanged.

2.2.  Ingress Local Protection with FRR

   Through using the ingress local protection and the FRR, we can
   locally protect the ingress, all the links and the transit nodes of
   an LSP.  The traffic switchover time is within 10s of ms whenever the
   ingress, any of the links and the transit nodes of the LSP fails.

   The ingress node of the LSP can be locally protected through using
   the ingress local protection.  All the links and all the transit
   nodes of the LSP can be locally protected through using the FRR.


3.  Ingress Failure Detection

   Exactly how to detect the failure of the ingress is out of scope.
   However, it is necessary to discuss different modes for detecting the
   failure because they determine what is the required behavior for the
   source and backup ingress.

3.1.  Source Detects Failure

   Source Detects Failure or Source-Detect for short means that the
   source is responsible for fast detecting the failure of the primary
   ingress of an LSP.  The backup ingress is ready to import the traffic
   from the source into the backup LSP after the backup LSP is up.

   In normal operations, the source sends the traffic to the primary
   ingress.  When the source detects the failure of the primary ingress,
   it switches the traffic to the backup ingress, which delivers the
   traffic to the next hops of the primary ingress through the backup
   LSP, where the traffic is merged into the primary LSP.

   For a P2P LSP, after the primary ingress fails, the backup ingress
   MUST use a method to reliably detect the failure of the primary
   ingress before the PATH message for the LSP expires at the next hop
   of the primary ingress.  After reliably detecting the failure, the
   backup ingress sends/refreshes the PATH message to the next hop
   through the backup LSP as needed.




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   After the primary ingress fails, it will not be reachable after
   routing convergence.  Thus checking whether the primary ingress
   (address) is reachable is a possible method.

3.2.  Backup and Source Detect Failure

   Backup and Source Detect Failure or Backup-Source-Detect for short
   means that both the backup ingress and the source are concurrently
   responsible for fast detecting the failure of the primary ingress.

   In normal operations, the source sends the traffic to the primary
   ingress.  It switches the traffic to the backup ingress when it
   detects the failure of the primary ingress.

   The backup ingress does not import any traffic from the source into
   the backup LSP in normal operations.  When it detects the failure of
   the primary ingress, it imports the traffic from the source into the
   backup LSP to the next hops of the primary ingress, where the traffic
   is merged into the primary LSP.

   The source-detect is preferred.  It is simpler than the backup-
   source-detect, which needs both the source and the backup ingress
   detect the ingress failure quickly.


4.  Backup Forwarding State

   Before the primary ingress fails, the backup ingress is responsible
   for creating the necessary backup LSPs.  These LSPs might be multiple
   bypass P2P LSPs that avoid the ingress.  Alternately, the backup
   ingress could choose to use a single backup P2MP LSP as a bypass or
   detour to protect the primary ingress of a primary P2MP LSP.

   The backup ingress may be off-path or on-path of an LSP.  If a backup
   ingress is not any node of the LSP, we call it is off-path.  If a
   backup ingress is a next-hop of the primary ingress of the LSP, we
   call it is on-path.  If it is on-path, the primary forwarding state
   associated with the primary LSP SHOULD be clearly separated from the
   backup LSP(s) state.

4.1.  Forwarding State for Backup LSP

   A forwarding entry for a backup LSP is created on the backup ingress
   after the LSP is set up.  Depending on the failure-detection mode
   (e.g., source-detect), it may be used to forward received traffic or
   simply be inactive (e.g., backup-source-detect) until required.  In
   either case, when the primary ingress fails, this entry is used to
   import the traffic into the backup LSP to the next hops of the



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   primary ingress, where the traffic is merged into the primary LSP.

   The forwarding entry for a backup LSP is a local implementation
   issue.  In one device, it may have an inactive flag.  This inactive
   forwarding entry is not used to forward any traffic normally.  When
   the primary ingress fails, it is changed to active, and thus the
   traffic from the source is imported into the backup LSP.


5.  Protocol Extensions

   A new object INGRESS_PROTECTION is defined for signaling ingress
   local protection.  It is backward compatible.

5.1.  INGRESS_PROTECTION Object

   The INGRESS_PROTECTION object with the FAST_REROUTE object in a PATH
   message is used to control the backup for protecting the primary
   ingress of a primary LSP.  The primary ingress MUST insert this
   object into the PATH message to be sent to the backup ingress for
   protecting the primary ingress.  It has the following format:

       Class-Num = TBD      C-Type = 1 for INGRESS_PROTECTION_IPv4
                            C-Type = 2 for INGRESS_PROTECTION_IPv6
      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |         Length (bytes)        |    Class-Num  |    C-Type     |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       Secondary LSP ID        |      Flags    |    Options    |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~                         (Subobjects)                          ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

        Flags
         0x01    Ingress local protection available
         0x02    Ingress local protection in use
         0x04    Bandwidth protection

        Options
         0x01    Revert to Ingress
         0x02    P2MP Backup


   The Secondary LSP ID in the object is an LSP ID that the primary
   ingress has allocated for a protected LSP tunnel.  The backup ingress
   may use this LSP ID to set up a new LSP from the backup ingress to
   the destinations of the protected LSP tunnel.  This allows the new



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   LSP to share resources with the old one.

   The flags are used to communicate status information from the backup
   ingress to the primary ingress.

    o Ingress local protection available: The backup ingress sets this
      flag after backup LSPs are up and ready for locally protecting the
      primary ingress.  The backup ingress sends this to the primary
      ingress to indicate that the primary ingress is locally protected.

    o Ingress local protection in use: The backup ingress sets this flag
      when it detects a failure in the primary ingress.  The backup
      ingress keeps it and does not send it to the primary ingress since
      the primary ingress is down.

    o Bandwidth protection: The backup ingress sets this flag if the
      backup LSPs guarantee to provide desired bandwidth for the
      protected LSP against the primary ingress failure.

   The options are used by the primary ingress to specify the desired
   behavior to the backup ingress.

    o Revert to Ingress: The primary ingress sets this option indicating
      that the traffic for the primary LSP successfully re-signaled will
      be switched back to the primary ingress from the backup ingress
      when the primary ingress is restored.

    o P2MP Backup: This option is set to ask for the backup ingress to
      use P2MP backup LSP to protect the primary ingress.  Note that one
      spare bit of the flags in the FAST-REROUTE object can be used to
      indicate whether P2MP or P2P backup LSP is desired for protecting
      an ingress and transit node.

   The INGRESS_PROTECTION object may contain some sub objects below.

5.1.1.  Subobject: Backup Ingress IPv4 Address

   When the primary ingress of a protected LSP sends a PATH message with
   an INGRESS_PROTECTION object to the backup ingress, the object may
   have a Backup Ingress IPv4 Address sub object containing an IPv4
   address belonging to the backup ingress.  The Type of the sub object
   is TBD1 (the exact number to be assigned by IANA), and the body of
   the sub object is given below:








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    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |              Backup ingress IPv4 address (4 bytes)            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Backup ingress IPv4 address: An IPv4 host address of backup ingress


5.1.2.  Subobject: Backup Ingress IPv6 Address

   When the primary ingress of a protected LSP sends a PATH message with
   an INGRESS_PROTECTION object to the backup ingress, the object may
   have a Backup Ingress IPv6 Address sub object containing an IPv6
   address belonging to the backup ingress.  The Type of the sub object
   is TBD2, the body of the sub object is given below:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |             Backup ingress IPv6 address (16 bytes)            |
   ~                                                               ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

     Backup ingress IPv6 address: An IPv6 host address of backup ingress


5.1.3.  Subobject: Ingress IPv4 Address

   The INGRESS_PROTECTION object may have an Ingress IPv4 Address sub
   object containing an IPv4 address belonging to the primary ingress.
   The Type of the sub object is TBD3.  The sub object has the following
   body:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               Ingress IPv4 address (4 bytes)                  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Ingress IPv4 address: An IPv4 host address of ingress


5.1.4.  Subobject: Ingress IPv6 Address

   The INGRESS_PROTECTION object may have an Ingress IPv6 Address sub
   object containing an IPv6 address belonging to the primary ingress.
   The Type of the sub object is TBD4.  The sub object has the following



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   body:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |               Ingress IPv6 address (16 bytes)                 |
     ~                                                               ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Ingress IPv6 address: An IPv6 host address of ingress


5.1.5.  Subobject: Traffic Descriptor

   The INGRESS_PROTECTION object may have a Traffic Descriptor sub
   object describing the traffic to be mapped to the backup LSP on the
   backup ingress for locally protecting the primary ingress.  The Type
   of the sub object is TBD5, TBD6, TBD7 or TBD8 for Interface, IPv4
   Prefix, IPv6 Prefix or Application Identifier respectively.  The sub
   object has the following body:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |                        Traffic Element 1                      |
     ~                                                               ~
     |                        Traffic Element n                      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   The Traffic Descriptor sub object may contain multiple Traffic
   Elements of same type as follows:

    o Interface Traffic (Type TBD5): Each of the Traffic Elements is a
      32 bit index of an interface, from which the traffic is imported
      into the backup LSP.

    o IPv4 Prefix Traffic (Type TBD6): Each of the Traffic Elements is
      an IPv4 prefix, containing an 8-bit prefix length followed by an
      IPv4 address prefix, whose length, in bits, is specified by the
      prefix length, padded to a byte boundary.

    o IPv6 Prefix Traffic (Type TBD7): Each of the Traffic Elements is
      an IPv6 prefix, containing an 8-bit prefix length followed by an
      IPv6 address prefix, whose length, in bits, is specified by the
      prefix length, padded to a byte boundary.





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    o Application Traffic (Type TBD8): Each of the Traffic Elements is a
      32 bit identifier of an application, from which the traffic is
      imported into the backup LSP.

5.1.6.  Subobject: Label-Routes

   The INGRESS_PROTECTION object in a PATH message from the primary
   ingress to the backup ingress will have a Label-Routes sub object
   containing the labels and routes that the next hops of the ingress
   use.  The Type of the sub object is TBD9.  The sub object has the
   following body:

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     ~                           Subobjects                          ~
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


   The Subobjects in the Label-Routes are copied from those in the
   RECORD_ROUTE objects in the RESV messages that the primary ingress
   receives from its next hops for the primary LSP.  They MUST contain
   the first hops of the LSP, each of which is paired with its label.


6.  Behavior of Ingress Protection

6.1.  Overview

   There are four parts of ingress protection: 1) setting up the
   necessary backup LSP forwarding state; 2) identifying the failure and
   providing the fast repair (as discussed in Sections 3 and 4); 3)
   maintaining the RSVP-TE control plane state until a global repair is
   done; and 4) performing the global repair(see Section 6.4).

   There are two different proposed signaling approaches to obtain
   ingress protection.  They both use the same new INGRESS_PROTECTION
   object.  The object is sent in both PATH and RESV messages.

6.1.1.  Relay-Message Method

   The primary ingress relays the information for ingress protection of
   an LSP to the backup ingress via PATH messages.  Once the LSP is
   created, the ingress of the LSP sends the backup ingress a PATH
   message with an INGRESS_PROTECTION object with Label-Routes
   subobject, which is populated with the next-hops and labels.  This
   provides sufficient information for the backup ingress to create the
   appropriate forwarding state and backup LSP(s).



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   The ingress also sends the backup ingress all the other PATH messages
   for the LSP with an empty INGRESS_PROTECTION object.  Thus, the
   backup ingress has access to all the PATH messages needed for
   modification to refresh control-plane state after a failure.

   The advantages of this method include: 1) the primary LSP is
   independent of the backup ingress; 2) simple; 3) less configuration;
   and 4) less control traffic.

6.1.2.  Proxy-Ingress Method

   Conceptually, a proxy ingress is created that starts the RSVP
   signaling.  The explicit path of the LSP goes from the proxy ingress
   to the backup ingress and then to the real ingress.  The behavior and
   signaling for the proxy ingress is done by the real ingress; the use
   of a proxy ingress address avoids problems with loop detection.


                              [ traffic source ]       *** Primary LSP
                               $             $         --- Backup LSP
                               $             $          $$  Link
                               $             $
                       [ proxy ingress ]  [ backup ]
                       [ & ingress     ]     |
                              *              |
                              *****[ MP ]----|


          Figure 2: Example Protected LSP with Proxy Ingress Node

   The backup ingress must know the merge points or next-hops and their
   associated labels.  This is accomplished by having the RSVP PATH and
   RESV messages go through the backup ingress, although the forwarding
   path need not go through the backup ingress.  If the backup ingress
   fails, the ingress simply removes the INGRESS_PROTECTION object and
   forwards the PATH messages to the LSP's next-hop(s).  If the ingress
   has its LSP configured for ingress protection, then the ingress can
   add the backup ingress and itself to the ERO and start forwarding the
   PATH messages to the backup ingress.

   Slightly different behavior can apply for the on-path and off-path
   cases.  In the on-path case, the backup ingress is a next hop node
   after the ingress for the LSP.  In the off-path, the backup ingress
   is not any next-hop node after the ingress for all associated sub-
   LSPs.

   The key advantage of this approach is that it minimizes the special
   handling code requires.  Because the backup ingress is on the



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   signaling path, it can receive various notifications.  It easily has
   access to all the PATH messages needed for modification to be sent to
   refresh control-plane state after a failure.

6.1.3.  Comparing Two Methods

  +-------+-----------+-------+--------------+---------------+---------+
  |\_ Item|Primary LSP|Config |PATH Msg from |RESV Msg from  |Reuse    |
  |   \_  |Depends on |Proxy- |Backup Ingress|Primary Ingress|Some     |
  |      \|Backup     |Ingress|to Primary    |to Backup      |Existing |
  |Method |Ingress    |ID     |Ingress       |Ingress        |Functions|
  +-------+-----------+-------+--------------+---------------+---------+
  |Relay- |    No     |  No   |      No      |      No       |  Yes-   |
  |Message|           |       |              |               |         |
  +-------+-----------+-------+--------------+---------------+---------+
  |Proxy- |    Yes    |  Yes- |      Yes     |      Yes      |  Yes    |
  |Ingress|           |       |              |               |         |
  +-------+-----------+-------+--------------+---------------+---------+


6.2.  Ingress Behavior

   The primary ingress MUST be configured with a couple of pieces of
   information for ingress protection.

    o Backup Ingress Address: The primary ingress MUST know an IP
      address for it to be included in the INGRESS_PROTECTION object.

    o Proxy-Ingress-Id (only needed for Proxy-Ingress Method): The
      Proxy-Ingress-Id is only used in the Record Route Object for
      recording the proxy-ingress.  If no proxy-ingress-id is specified,
      then a local interface address that will not otherwise be included
      in the Record Route Object can be used.  A similar technique is
      used in [RFC4090 Sec 6.1.1].

    o Application Traffic Identifier: The primary ingress and backup
      ingress MUST both know what application traffic should be directed
      into the LSP.  If a list of prefixes in the Traffic Descriptor
      sub-object will not suffice, then a commonly understood
      Application Traffic Identifier can be sent between the primary
      ingress and backup ingress.  The exact meaning of the identifier
      should be configured similarly at both the primary ingress and
      backup ingress.  The Application Traffic Identifier is understood
      within the unique context of the primary ingress and backup
      ingress.






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    o A connection between backup ingress and primary ingress: If there
      is not any direct link between the primary ingress and the backup
      ingress, a tunnel MUST be configured between them.

   With this additional information, the primary ingress can create and
   signal the necessary RSVP extensions to support ingress protection.

6.2.1.  Relay-Message Method

   To protect the ingress of an LSP, the ingress MUST do the following
   after the LSP is up.

   1.  Select a PATH message.

   2.  If the backup ingress is off-path, then send it a PATH message
       with the content from the selected PATH message and an
       INGRESS_PROTECTION object; else (the backup ingress is a next
       hop, i.e., on-path case) add an INGRESS_PROTECTION object into
       the existing PATH message to the backup ingress (i.e., the next
       hop).  The object contains the Traffic-Descriptor sub-object, the
       Backup Ingress Address sub-object and the Label-Routes sub-
       object.  The options is set to indicate whether a Backup P2MP LSP
       is desired.  A secondary LSP-ID is allocated (if it is not
       allocated yet) and used in the object.  The Label-Routes sub-
       object contains the next-hops of the ingress and their labels.

   3.  For each of the other PATH messages, send the backup ingress a
       PATH message with the content copied from the message and an
       empty INGRESS_PROTECTION object, which is an object without any
       Traffic-Descriptor sub-object.

6.2.2.  Proxy-Ingress Method

   The primary ingress is responsible for starting the RSVP signaling
   for the proxy-ingress node.  To do this, the following MUST be done
   for the RSVP PATH message.

   1.  Compute the EROs for the LSP as normal for the ingress.

   2.  If the selected backup ingress node is not the first node on the
       path (for all sub-LSPs), then insert at the beginning of the ERO
       first the backup ingress node and then the ingress node.

   3.  In the PATH RRO, instead of recording the ingress node's address,
       replace it with the Proxy-Ingress-Id.

   4.  Leave the HOP object populated as usual with information for the
       ingress-node.



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   5.  Add the INGRESS_PROTECTION object to the PATH message.  Allocate
       a secondary LSP-ID to be used in the INGRESS-PROTECTION object.
       Include the Backup Ingress Address (IPv4 or IPv6) sub-object and
       the Traffic-Descriptor sub-object.  Set or clear the options
       indicating that a Backup P2MP LSP is desired.

   6.  Optionally, add the FAST-REROUTE object [RFC4090] to the Path
       message.  Indicate whether one-to-one backup is desired.
       Indicate whether facility backup is desired.

   7.  The RSVP PATH message is sent to the backup node as normal.

   If the ingress detects that it can't communicate with the backup
   ingress, then the ingress SHOULD instead send the PATH message to the
   next-hop indicated in the ERO computed in step 1.  Once the ingress
   detects that it can communicate with the backup ingress, the ingress
   SHOULD follow the steps 1-7 to obtain ingress failure protection.

   When the ingress node receives an RSVP PATH message with an INGRESS-
   PROTECTION object and the object specifies that node as the ingress
   node and the PHOP as the backup ingress node, the ingress node SHOULD
   remove the INGRESS_PROTECTION object from the PATH message before
   sending it out.  Additionally, the ingress node MUST store that it
   will install ingress forwarding state for the LSP rather than
   midpoint forwarding.

   When an RSVP RESV message is received by the ingress, it uses the
   NHOP to determine whether the message is received from the backup
   ingress or from a different node.  The stored associated PATH message
   contains an INGRESS_PROTECTION object that identifies the backup
   ingress node.  If the RESV message is not from the backup node, then
   ingress forwarding state SHOULD be set up, and the INGRESS_PROTECTION
   object MUST be added to the RESV before it is sent to the NHOP, which
   SHOULD be the backup node.  If the RESV message is from the backup
   node, then the LSP SHOULD be considered available for use.

   If the backup ingress node is on the forwarding path, then a RESV is
   received with an INGRESS_PROTECTION object and an NHOP that matches
   the backup ingress.  In this case, the ingress node's address will
   not appear after the backup ingress in the RRO.  The ingress node
   SHOULD set up ingress forwarding state, just as is done if the LSP
   weren't ingress-node protected.

6.3.  Backup Ingress Behavior

   An LER determines that the ingress local protection is requested for
   an LSP if the INGRESS_PROTECTION object is included in the PATH
   message it receives for the LSP.  The LER can further determine that



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   it is the backup ingress if one of its addresses is in the Backup
   Ingress Address sub-object of the INGRESS_PROTECTION object.  The LER
   as the backup ingress will assume full responsibility of the ingress
   after the primary ingress fails.  In addition, the LER determines
   that it is off-path if it is not any node of the LSP.

6.3.1.  Backup Ingress Behavior in Off-path Case

   The backup ingress considers itself as a PLR and the primary ingress
   as its next hop and provides a local protection for the primary
   ingress.  It behaves very similarly to a PLR providing fast-reroute
   where the primary ingress is considered as the failure-point to
   protect.  Where not otherwise specified, the behavior given in
   [RFC4090] for a PLR applies.

   The backup ingress MUST follow the control-options specified in the
   INGRESS_PROTECTION object and the flags and specifications in the
   FAST-REROUTE object.  This applies to providing a P2MP backup if the
   "P2MP backup" is set, a one-to-one backup if "one-to-one desired" is
   set, facility backup if the "facility backup desired" is set, and
   backup paths that support the desired bandwidth, and administrative-
   colors that are requested.

   If multiple non empty INGRESS_PROTECTION objects have been received
   via multiple PATH messages for the same LSP, then the most recent one
   MUST be the one used.

   The backup ingress creates the appropriate forwarding state for the
   backup LSP tunnel(s) to the merge point(s).

   When the backup ingress sends a RESV message to the primary ingress,
   it MUST add an INGRESS_PROTECTION object into the message.  It MUST
   set or clear the flags in the object to report "Ingress local
   protection available", "Ingress local protection in use", and
   "bandwidth protection".

   If the backup ingress doesn't have a backup LSP tunnel to each of the
   merge points, it SHOULD clear "Ingress local protection available".
   [Editor Note: It is possible to indicate the number or which are
   unprotected via a sub-object if desired.]

   When the primary ingress fails, the backup ingress redirects the
   traffic from a source into the backup P2P LSPs or the backup P2MP LSP
   transmitting the traffic to the next hops of the primary ingress,
   where the traffic is merged into the protected LSP.

   In this case, the backup ingress MUST keep the PATH message with the
   INGRESS_PROTECTION object received from the primary ingress and the



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   RESV message with the INGRESS_PROTECTION object to be sent to the
   primary ingress.  The backup ingress MUST set the "local protection
   in use" flag in the RESV message, indicating that the backup ingress
   is actively redirecting the traffic into the backup P2P LSPs or the
   backup P2MP LSP for locally protecting the primary ingress failure.

   Note that the RESV message with this piece of information will not be
   sent to the primary ingress because the primary ingress has failed.

   If the backup ingress has not received any PATH message from the
   primary ingress for an extended period of time (e.g., a cleanup
   timeout interval) and a confirmed primary ingress failure did not
   occur, then the standard RSVP soft-state removal SHOULD occur.  The
   backup ingress SHALL remove the state for the PATH message from the
   primary ingress, and tear down the one-to-one backup LSPs for
   protecting the primary ingress if one-to-one backup is used or unbind
   the facility backup LSPs if facility backup is used.

   When the backup ingress receives a PATH message from the primary
   ingress for locally protecting the primary ingress of a protected
   LSP, it MUST check to see if any critical information has been
   changed.  If the next hops of the primary ingress are changed, the
   backup ingress SHALL update its backup LSP(s) accordingly.

6.3.1.1.  Relay-Message Method

   When the backup ingress receives a PATH message with an non empty
   INGRESS_PROTECTION object, it examines the object to learn what
   traffic associated with the LSP.  It determines the next-hops to be
   merged to by examining the Label-Routes sub-object in the object.

   The backup ingress MUST store the PATH message received from the
   primary ingress, but NOT forward it.

   The backup ingress responds with a RESV to the PATH message received
   from the primary ingress.  If the INGRESS_PROTECTION object is not
   "empty", the backup ingress SHALL send the RESV message with the
   state indicating protection is available after the backup LSP(s) are
   successfully established.

6.3.1.2.  Proxy-Ingress Method

   The backup ingress determines the next-hops to be merged to by
   collecting the set of the pair of (IPv4/IPv6 sub-object, Label sub-
   object) from the Record Route Object of each RESV that are closest to
   the top and not the Ingress router; this should be the second to the
   top pair.  If a Label-Routes sub-object is included in the
   INGRESS_PROTECTION object, the included IPv4/IPv6 sub-objects are



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   used to filter the set down to the specific next-hops where
   protection is desired.  A RESV message MUST have been received before
   the Backup Ingress can create or select the appropriate backup LSP.

   When the backup ingress receives a PATH message with the
   INGRESS_PROTECTION object, the backup ingress examines the object to
   learn what traffic associated with the LSP.  The backup ingress
   forwards the PATH message to the ingress node with the normal RSVP
   changes.

   When the backup ingress receives a RESV message with the
   INGRESS_PROTECTION object, the backup ingress records an IMPLICIT-
   NULL label in the RRO.  Then the backup ingress forwards the RESV
   message to the ingress node, which is acting for the proxy ingress.

6.3.2.  Backup Ingress Behavior in On-path Case

   An LER as the backup ingress determines that it is on-path if one of
   its addresses is a next hop of the primary ingress (and for Proxy-
   Ingress Method the primary ingress is not its next hop via checking
   the PATH message with the INGRESS_PROTECTION object received from the
   primary ingress).  The LER on-path MUST send the corresponding PATH
   messages without any INGRESS_PROTECTION object to its next hops.  It
   creates a number of backup P2P LSPs or a backup P2MP LSP from itself
   to the other next hops (i.e., the next hops other than the backup
   ingress) of the primary ingress.  The other next hops are from the
   Label-Routes sub object.

   It also creates a forwarding entry, which sends/multicasts the
   traffic from the source to the next hops of the backup ingress along
   the protected LSP when the primary ingress fails.  The traffic is
   described by the Traffic-Descriptor.

   After the forwarding entry is created, all the backup P2P LSPs or the
   backup P2MP LSP is up and associated with the protected LSP, the
   backup ingress MUST send the primary ingress the RESV message with
   the INGRESS_PROTECTION object containing the state of the local
   protection such as "local protection available" flag set to one,
   which indicates that the primary ingress is locally protected.

   When the primary ingress fails, the backup ingress sends/multicasts
   the traffic from the source to its next hops along the protected LSP
   and imports the traffic into each of the backup P2P LSPs or the
   backup P2MP LSP transmitting the traffic to the other next hops of
   the primary ingress, where the traffic is merged into protected LSP.

   During the local repair, the backup ingress MUST continue to send the
   PATH messages to its next hops as before, keep the PATH message with



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   the INGRESS_PROTECTION object received from the primary ingress and
   the RESV message with the INGRESS_PROTECTION object to be sent to the
   primary ingress.  It MUST set the "local protection in use" flag in
   the RESV message.

6.3.3.  Failure Detection and Refresh PATH Messages

   As described in [RFC4090], it is necessary to refresh the PATH
   messages via the backup LSP(s).  The Backup Ingress MUST wait to
   refresh the PATH messages until it can accurately detect that the
   ingress node has failed.  An example of such an accurate detection
   would be that the IGP has no bi-directional links to the ingress node
   and the last change was long enough in the past that changes should
   have been received (i.e., an IGP network convergence time or
   approximately 2-3 seconds) or a BFD session to the primary ingress'
   loopback address has failed and stayed failed after the network has
   reconverged.

   As described in [RFC4090 Section 6.4.3], the backup ingress, acting
   as PLR, MUST modify and send any saved PATH messages associated with
   the primary LSP to the corresponding next hops through backup LSP(s).
   Any PATH message sent will not contain any INGRESS_PROTECTION object.
   The RSVP_HOP object in the message contains an IP source address
   belonging to the backup ingress.  The sender template object has the
   backup ingress address as its tunnel sender address.

6.4.  Revertive Behavior

   Upon a failure event in the (primary) ingress of a protected LSP, the
   protected LSP is locally repaired by the backup ingress.  There are a
   couple of basic strategies for restoring the LSP to a full working
   path.

    - Revert to Primary Ingress: When the primary ingress is restored,
      it re-signals each of the LSPs that start from the primary
      ingress.  The traffic for every LSP successfully re-signaled is
      switched back to the primary ingress from the backup ingress.

    - Global Repair by Backup Ingress: After determining that the
      primary ingress of an LSP has failed, the backup ingress computes
      a new optimal path, signals a new LSP along the new path, and
      switches the traffic to the new LSP.

6.4.1.  Revert to Primary Ingress

   If "Revert to Primary Ingress" is desired for a protected LSP, the
   (primary) ingress of the LSP SHOULD re-signal the LSP that starts
   from the primary ingress after the primary ingress restores.  After



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   the LSP is re-signaled successfully, the traffic SHOULD be switched
   back to the primary ingress from the backup ingress on the source
   node and redirected into the LSP starting from the primary ingress.

   The primary ingress can specify the "Revert to Ingress" control-
   option in the INGRESS_PROTECTION object in the PATH messages to the
   backup ingress.  After receiving the "Revert to Ingress" control-
   option, the backup ingress MUST stop sending/refreshing PATH messages
   for the protected LSP.

6.4.2.  Global Repair by Backup Ingress

   When the backup ingress has determined that the primary ingress of
   the protected LSP has failed (e.g., via the IGP), it can compute a
   new path and signal a new LSP along the new path so that it no longer
   relies upon local repair.  To do this, the backup ingress MUST use
   the same tunnel sender address in the Sender Template Object and the
   previously allocated secondary LSP-ID in the INGRESS_PROTECTION
   object of the PATH message as the LSP-ID of the new LSP.  This allows
   the new LSP to share resources with the old LSP.  In addition, if the
   Ingress recovers, the Backup Ingress SHOULD send it RESVs with the
   INGRESS_PROTECTION object where the "Revert to Ingress" is specified.
   The Secondary LSP ID MUST be the unused LSP ID - while the LSP ID
   signaled in the RESV will be that currently active.  The Ingress can
   learn from the RESVs what to signal.  Even if the Ingress does not
   take over, the RESVs notify it that the particular LSP IDs are in
   use.  The Backup Ingress can reoptimize the new LSP as necessary
   until the Ingress recovers.  Alternately, the Backup Ingress can
   create a new LSP with no bandwidth reservation that duplicates the
   path(s) of the protected LSP, move traffic to the new LSP, delete the
   protected LSP, and then resignal the new LSP with bandwidth.


7.  Security Considerations

   In principle this document does not introduce new security issues.
   The security considerations pertaining to RFC 4090, RFC 4875 and
   other RSVP protocols remain relevant.


8.  IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to administer the assignment of new values defined
   in this document and summarized in this section.







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8.1.  A New Class Number

   IANA maintains a registry called "Class Names, Class Numbers, and
   Class Types" under "Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering
   (RSVP-TE) Parameters".  IANA is requested to assign a new Class
   Number for new object INGRESS_PROTECTION as follows:

     +====================+===============+============================+
     |  Class Names       | Class Numbers |  Class Types               |
     +====================+===============+============================+
     | INGRESS_PROTECTION |   TBD (>192)  | 1: INGRESS_PROTECTION_IPv4 |
     |                    |               +----------------------------+
     |                    |               | 2: INGRESS_PROTECTION_IPv6 |
     +--------------------+---------------+----------------------------+

   IANA is requested to assign Types for new TLVs in the new objects as
   follows:

      Type          Name                      Allowed in
       1    BACKUP_INGRESS_IPv4_ADDRESS     INGRESS_PROTECTION_IPv4
       2    BACKUP_INGRESS_IPv6_ADDRESS     INGRESS_PROTECTION_IPv6
       3    INGRESS_IPv4_ADDRESS            INGRESS_PROTECTION_IPv4
       4    INGRESS_IPv6_ADDRESS            INGRESS_PROTECTION_IPv6
       5    TRAFFIC_DESCRIPTOR_INTERFACE    INGRESS_PROTECTION
       6    TRAFFIC_DESCRIPTOR_IPv4_PREFIX  INGRESS_PROTECTION_IPv4
       7    TRAFFIC_DESCRIPTOR_IPv6_PREFIX  INGRESS_PROTECTION_IPv6
       8    TRAFFIC_DESCRIPTOR_APPLICATION  INGRESS_PROTECTION
       9    LabeL_Routes                    INGRESS_PROTECTION


9.  Contributors


        Renwei Li
        Huawei Technologies
        2330 Central Expressway
        Santa Clara, CA  95050
        USA
        Email: renwei.li@huawei.com



        Quintin Zhao
        Huawei Technologies
        Boston, MA
        USA
        Email: quintin.zhao@huawei.com




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        Zhenbin Li
        Huawei Technologies
        2330 Central Expressway
        Santa Clara, CA  95050
        USA
        Email: zhenbin.li@huawei.com



        Boris Zhang
        Telus Communications
        200 Consilium Pl Floor 15
        Toronto, ON  M1H 3J3
        Canada
        Email: Boris.Zhang@telus.com



        Markus Jork
        Juniper Networks
        10 Technology Park Drive
        Westford, MA 01886
        USA
        Email: mjork@juniper.net



10.  Acknowledgement

   The authors would like to thank Nobo Akiya, Rahul Aggarwal, Eric
   Osborne, Ross Callon, Loa Andersson, Daniel King, Michael Yue, Alia
   Atlas, Olufemi Komolafe, Rob Rennison, Neil Harrison, Kannan Sampath,
   Gregory Mirsky, and Ronhazli Adam for their valuable comments and
   suggestions on this draft.


11.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/
              RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3031]  Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol
              Label Switching Architecture", RFC 3031, DOI 10.17487/
              RFC3031, January 2001,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3031>.




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   [RFC3209]  Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V.,
              and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
              Tunnels", RFC 3209, DOI 10.17487/RFC3209, December 2001,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3209>.

   [RFC4090]  Pan, P., Ed., Swallow, G., Ed., and A. Atlas, Ed., "Fast
              Reroute Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels", RFC 4090,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4090, May 2005,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4090>.

   [RFC4875]  Aggarwal, R., Ed., Papadimitriou, D., Ed., and S.
              Yasukawa, Ed., "Extensions to Resource Reservation
              Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) for Point-to-
              Multipoint TE Label Switched Paths (LSPs)", RFC 4875,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4875, May 2007,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4875>.


Appendix A.  Problem Summary

   There is a need for a fast and efficient protection against the
   failure of the ingress node of a MPLS TE LSP (either P2MP LSP or P2P
   LSP).

   For a MPLS TE LSP, protecting the failures of its transit nodes using
   fast-reroute (FRR) is covered in RFC 4090 for P2P LSP and RFC 4875
   for P2MP LSP.  However, protecting the failure of its ingress node
   using FRR is not covered in either RFC 4090 or RFC 4875.  The MPLS
   Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Linear Protection described in RFC 6378
   can provide a protection against the failure of any transit node of a
   LSP between the ingress node and the egress node of the LSP, but
   cannot protect against the failure of the ingress node.

   To protect against the failure of the (primary) ingress node of a
   primary end to end P2MP (or P2P) TE LSP, a typical existing solution
   is to set up a secondary backup end to end P2MP (or P2P) TE LSP from
   a backup ingress node, which is different from the primary ingress
   node, to the backup egress nodes (or node), which are (or is)
   different from the primary egress nodes (or node) of the primary LSP.
   For a P2MP TE LSP, on each of the primary (and backup) egress nodes,
   a P2P LSP is created from the egress node to its primary (backup)
   ingress node and configured with BFD.  This is used to detect the
   failure of the primary (backup) ingress node for the receiver to
   switch to the backup (or primary) egress node to receive the traffic
   after the primary (or backup) ingress node fails when both the
   primary LSP and the secondary LSP carry the traffic.  In addition,
   FRR may be used to provide protections against the failures of the
   transit nodes and the links of the primary and secondary end to end



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   TE LSPs.

   There are a number of issues in this solution, which are briefed as
   follows:

   o  It consumes lots of network resources.  Double states need to be
      maintained in the network since two end to end TE LSPs are
      created.  Double link bandwidth is reserved and used when both the
      primary and the secondary end to end TE LSPs carry the traffic at
      the same time.

   o  More operations are needed, which include the configurations of
      two end to end TE LSPs and BFDs from each of the egress nodes to
      its corresponding ingress node.

   o  The detection of the failure of the ingress node may not be
      reliable.  Any failure on the path of the BFD from an egress node
      to an ingress node may cause the BFD down to indicate the failure
      of the ingress node.

   o  The speed of protection against the failure of the ingress node
      may be slow.

   The ingress local protection proposed in this draft will resolve the
   above issues.


Appendix B.  Authors' Addresses


        Huaimo Chen
        Huawei Technologies
        Boston, MA
        USA
        Email: huaimo.chen@huawei.com



        Raveendra Torvi
        Juniper Networks
        10 Technology Park Drive
        Westford, MA 01886
        USA
        Email: rtorvi@juniper.net







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        Ning So
        Tata Communications
        2613 Fairbourne Cir.
        Plano, TX 75082
        USA
        Email: ningso01@gmail.com



        Autumn Liu
        Ericsson
        300 Holger Way
        San Jose, CA 95134
        USA
        Email: autumn.liu@ericsson.com



        Yimin Shen
        Juniper Networks
        10 Technology Park Drive
        Westford, MA 01886
        USA
        Email: yshen@juniper.net



        Tarek Saad
        Cisco Systems
        Email: tsaad@cisco.com



        Fengman Xu
        Verizon
        2400 N. Glenville Dr
        Richardson, TX 75082
        USA
        Email: fengman.xu@verizon.com



        Mehmet Toy
        Comcast
        1800 Bishops Gate Blvd.
        Mount Laurel, NJ 08054
        USA
        Email: mehmet_toy@cable.comcast.com



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        Lei Liu
        UC Davis
        USA
        Email: liulei.kddi@gmail.com















































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