C. Martinez
Internet-Draft                                                    LACNIC
Intended status: Standards Track                           G. Michaelson
Expires: May 6, 2021                                         T. Harrison
                                                                   APNIC
                                                          T. Bruijnzeels
                                                              NLnet Labs
                                                              R. Austein
                                                    Dragon Research Labs
                                                       November 02, 2020


                RPKI Signed Object for Trust Anchor Keys
                    draft-ietf-sidrops-signed-tal-06

Abstract

   A Trust Anchor Locator (TAL) [I-D.ietf-sidrops-https-tal] is used by
   Relying Parties (RP) in the RPKI to locate and validate a Trust
   Anchor (TA) CA certificate used in RPKI validation.  This document
   defines an RPKI signed object for a set of Trust Anchor Keys (TAK),
   that can be used by TA creators and publishers to signal their set of
   current keys and the location(s) of the accompanying CA certificates
   to RPs, as well as changes to this set in the form of revoked keys
   and new keys, in order to support both planned and unplanned key
   rolls without impacting RPKI validation.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 6, 2021.








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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Requirements notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  TAK Object definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  The TAK Object Content Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  The TAK Object eContent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       3.2.1.  version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       3.2.2.  current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       3.2.3.  revoked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  TAK Object Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  TAK Object Generation and Publication . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   5.  Relying Party Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   6.  Maintaining multiple TA keys  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   7.  Performing TA Key Rolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     7.1.  Phase 1: Add a TAK for Key 'A'  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     7.2.  Phase 2: Add a Key 'B'  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     7.3.  Phase 3: Roll to Key 'C'  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       7.3.1.  Planned Direction Roll  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       7.3.2.  Unplanned Direction Roll  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     7.4.  Phase X: Roll to Key 'D', 'E', .. . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   8.  Deployment Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     10.1.  OID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     10.2.  File Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   12. Revision History  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   13. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   14. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     14.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     14.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15



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1.  Requirements notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.  Overview

   A Trust Anchor Locator (TAL) [I-D.ietf-sidrops-https-tal] is used by
   a Relying Party (RP) in the RPKI to locate and validate Trust Anchor
   (TA) CA certificates used in RPKI validation.  However, until now
   there has been no formal way of notifying RP of updates to a TAL.
   Such updates may be needed in particular in case a TA needs to
   perform a planned or unplanned key roll.

   This document defines a new RPKI signed object that can be used to
   document the current set of keys and the location(s) of the
   accompanying CA certificates, as well as any changes to this set.
   This allows RPs to be notified automatically of such changes, and
   enables TAs to pre-stage a number of operational keys so that planned
   and unplanned key rolls can be performed without risking the
   invalidation of the RPKI tree under the TA.  We call this object the
   Trust Anchor Keys (TAK) object.

   When RPs are first bootstrapped, they use any current TAL to discover
   a key and location(s) of the TA certificate(s) for a TA.  The RP can
   then retrieve and validate the TA certificate, and subsequently
   validate the manifest [RFC6486] and CRL published by that TA [section
   5 of @!RFC6487].  However, before processing any other objects it
   will then first validate the TAK object, if present.  All enumerated
   new keys (and locations) are then added to a new list of current TA
   keys for this TA.  The RP will then recursively fetch and validate
   the TA certificates, manifest, CRL and TAK objects for each of these
   keys.  As a part of this process the RP will also compile a list of
   revoked keys enumerated by any of the validly signed TAK objects.  As
   the final step the RP will then filter out any revoked TA keys from
   its new set.  This new set now replaces the previous set.

   This process allows Trust Anchors to operate a set of N current keys,
   where any key can effectively revoke any or all of the other keys to
   perform either a planned, or an unplanned, key roll.  This also
   allows Trust Anchors to produce long lived TAK objects as forward
   pointers to RPs, and retire its old key when doing a key roll.  While
   the generic process is quite involved, the amount of work needed to
   support an envisioned normal key roll is fairly limited.  Under
   normal circumstances a TA will typically have two current keys, so



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   that is can perform an emergency roll over in case one of the keys is
   lost.  This means that the RP will need to validate one additional CA
   certificate, a CRL, a manifest and two TAK objects.

   When a key roll is executed a TA will remove one old key, and
   introduce one new (back-up) key.  The RP will remove the old key from
   its set, and it will not be queried again, and it will add the new
   key and its TA certificate location(s).

   Only in a situation where an RP is very outdated can it be expected
   that the RP will have to discover several chained TAK object.  But,
   since it will remove the outdated TALs in this process, this presents
   a one time cost only.

3.  TAK Object definition

   The TAK object makes use of the template for RPKI digitally signed
   objects [RFC6488], which defines a Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
   [RFC5652] wrapper for the Signed TALs content as well as a generic
   validation procedure for RPKI signed objects.  Therefore, to complete
   the specification of the TAK object (see Section 4 of [RFC6488]),
   this document defines:

   o  The OID defined in Section 3.1 that identifies the signed object
      as being a TAK.  (This OID appears within the eContentType in the
      encapContentInfo object as well as the content-type signed
      attribute in the signerInfo object).

   o  The ASN.1 syntax for the TAK eContent defined in Section 3.2.

   o  Additional steps to the validation steps specified in [RFC6488]
      required to validate the TAK, defined in Section 3.3.

3.1.  The TAK Object Content Type

   This document requests an OID for TAK objects as follows:

       signed-Tal OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840)
                  rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) 16 id-smime (1) TBD }

   This OID MUST appear both within the eContentType in the
   encapContentInfo object as well as the content-type signed attribute
   in the signerInfo object (see [RFC6488])








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3.2.  The TAK Object eContent

   The content of a TAK object is ASN.1 encoded using the Distinguished
   Encoding Rules (DER) [X.690], and is defined as follows:

      TAK ::= SEQUENCE {
         version   INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
         current   ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF CurrentKey,
         revoked   ::= SEQUENCE OF SubjectPublicKeyInfo
      }

      CurrentKey ::= SEQUENCE {
         certificateURIs       SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF CertificateURI,
         subjectPublicKeyInfo  SubjectPublicKeyInfo
      }

      CertificateURI ::= IA5String

      SubjectPublicKeyInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
           algorithm            AlgorithmIdentifier,
           subjectPublicKey     BIT STRING
      }

3.2.1.  version

   The version number of the TAK object MUST be 0.

3.2.2.  current

   This field defines the set of current keys (CurrentKey) according to
   the signer of this Signed TALs object.

3.2.2.1.  CurrentKey

   This field defines a current TA Key, equivalent to [I-D.ietf-sidrops-
   https-tal].  This structure contains a sequence of one or more URIs
   and a SubjectPublicKeyInfo.

3.2.2.1.1.  certificateURIs

   This field is equivalent to the URI section in section 2.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-sidrops-https-tal].  It MUST contain at least one
   CertificateURI element.  Each CertificateURI element contains the
   IA5String representation of either an rsync URI [RFC5781], or an
   HTTPS URI [RFC7230].






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3.2.2.1.2.  subjectPublicKeyInfo

   This field contains a SubjectPublicKeyInfo [section 4.1.2.7 or
   @!RFC5280] in DER format [X.690].

3.2.3.  revoked

   This field contains the list of keys, identified by
   SubjectPublicKeyInfo, that are no longer to be used according to the
   signer of this document.

3.3.  TAK Object Validation

   To determine whether a TAK object is valid, the RP MUST perform the
   following steps in addition to those specified in [RFC6488]:

   o  The eContentType OID matches the OID described in Section 3.1

   o  The TAK object appears as the product of a Trust Anchor CA
      certificate.

   o  This Trust Anchor CA has published only one TAK object in its
      repository for this key, and this object appears on the Manifest
      as the only entry using the ".tak" extension (see [RFC6481]).  In
      case more than one TAK object is found, all such objects MUST be
      considered invalid.

   o  The EE certificate of this TAK object describes its Internet
      Number Resources (INRs) using the "inherit" attribute

   o  The decoded TAK content conforms to the format defined in
      Section 3.2.

   If the above procedure indicates that the manifest is invalid, then
   the TAK object MUST be discarded and treated as though no TAK object
   were present.

4.  TAK Object Generation and Publication

   A TA MAY choose to use TAK objects to communicate its set of current,
   and revoked keys.  If a TA chooses to use TAK objects, then it SHOULD
   generate and publish TAK objects under each of its current keys.  An
   exception to this rule exists when a TA has lost permanent access to
   one of its keys or the accompanying repository publication point.  In
   such cases however, the key in question MUST be revoked as described
   below in Section 7.





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   A non-normative guideline for naming this object is that the filename
   chosen for the Signed TAL Object in the publication repository be a
   value derived from the public key part of the entity's key pair,
   using the algorithm described for CRLs in section 2.2 of [RFC6481]
   for generation of filenames.  The filename extension of ".tak" MUST
   be used to denote the object as a TAK.  Note that this is in-line
   with filename extensions defined in section 7.2 of [RFC6481]

   In order to generate the TAK Objects, the TA MUST perform the
   following actions:

   o  The TA MUST generate a key pair for a "one-time-use" EE
      certificate to use for the TAK

   o  The TA MUST generate a one-time-use EE certificate for the TAK

   o  This EE certificate MUST have an SIA extension access description
      field with an accessMethod OID value of id-ad-signedobject, where
      the associated accessLocation references the publication point of
      the TAK as an object URL.

   o  As described in [RFC6487], an [RFC3779] extension is required in
      the EE certificate used for this object.  However, because the
      resource set is irrelevant to this object type, this certificate
      MUST describe its Internet Number Resources (INRs) using the
      "inherit" attribute, rather than explicit description of a
      resource set.

   o  This EE certificate MUST have a "notBefore" time that matches, or
      predates the moment that the TAK will be published.

   o  This EE certificate MUST have a "notAfter" time that reflects the
      intended duration for which this TAK will be published.  If the EE
      certificate for a Signed TAL is expired, it MUST no longer be
      published, but it MAY be replaced by a newly generated TAK object
      with equivalent content and an updated "notAfter" time.

   o  The same set of current keys (see Section 3.2.2) MUST be included
      on each TAK object for each current key.

   o  The TAK object MUST include all revoked keys (see Section 3.2.3)
      that became revoked while the key signing the TAK in question was
      current.








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5.  Relying Party Use

   Relying Parties MUST keep a record of all current keys for each
   configured Trust Anchor, as well as the URI(s) where the CA
   certificate for each of these keys may be retrieved.  This record MAY
   be bootstrapped by the use of a pre-configured (and unsigned) TAL
   file [I-D.ietf-sidrops-https-tal], but it MUST be updated with
   authoritative signed information found in valid TAK objects found in
   subsequent validation runs.

   When performing top-down validation RPs MUST first validate and
   process any TAK objects for each of its known current keys for a TA
   by performing the following steps:

   o  A CA certificate is retrieved and validated from the known URIs as
      described in sections 3 and 4 of [I-D.ietf-sidrops-https-tal].

   o  The manifest and CRL for this certificate are then validated first
      as described in [RFC6487] and [RFC6486].

   o  The TAK file, if present, is validated as described in
      Section 3.3.

   For each valid TAK file thus found all current keys, i.e.
   SubjectPublicKeyInfo and URIs, are kept.  If any previously unknown
   keys are added to the set of current keys, then they MUST also be
   processed as described above.

   Once the TAK objects for all keys are processed the set of current
   keys and URIs for the TA is updated as follows: * All new current
   keys found on any valid TAK object are added to the set of current
   keys. * The set of URIs for each current key is replaced by the union
   of all URIs for this key found on all valid TAK objects. * Finally,
   any current key that matches any revoked key on any valid TAK object
   is removed from the set of current keys.

   Note that if a current key does not occur on any valid TAK object,
   but it is not revoked either, then it and any previously known URIs
   for it are kept.  Also note that if an RP was bootstrapped using a
   TAL file [I-D.ietf-sidrops-https-tal], the keys and URIs will now
   have been replaced by values found on TAK objects.

   After this the RP can choose any one of the valid CA certificates for
   any key that is still in the set of current keys for this TA, in
   order to continue the top-down validation of object for this TA as
   described in [RFC6487].





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6.  Maintaining multiple TA keys

   If a TA operates multiple keys, then the signed material for these
   keys MUST be published under different directories in the context of
   the 'id-ad-caRepository' and 'id-ad-rpkiManifest' Subject Information
   Access descriptions contained on the CA certificates [RFC6487].
   Publishing objects under the same space would lead to confusion at
   best, and in case of file name collisions of objects invalidity.

   However, the CA certificates for each key, and the contents published
   by each key MUST be equivalent.  In other words it MUST not make a
   difference which of the keys is used as a starting point for top-down
   validation by RP software.

   This means that the IP and AS resources contained on all current CA
   certificates for the current TA keys MUST be the same.  Furthermore
   for any delegation of IP and AS resources to a child, the TA MUST
   have an equivalent CA certificate published under each of its keys.
   Any updates in delegations MUST be reflected under each of its keys.
   A TA SHOULD NOT publish any other objects besides a CRL, a Manifest,
   a single TAK object, and any number of CA certificates for delegation
   to child Certification Authorities.

   If a TA uses a single remote publication server for its keys using
   the RPKI publication protocol [RFC8181], then it MUST include all
   <publish/> and <withdraw/> PDUs for the products of each of its keys
   in a single query in order to ensure that they will reflect the same
   content at all times.

   If a TA uses multiple publication servers then it is by definition
   inevitable that the content of different keys will be out of sync at
   times.  In such cases the TA SHOULD ensure that the duration of these
   moments are limited to the shortest possible time.  Furthermore the
   following should be observed:

   o  In cases where a CA certificate is revoked completely, or replaced
      by a certificate with a reduced set of resources, these changes
      will not take effect fully until all the TA keys repository
      publication points have been updated.  Given that TA key
      operations are normally performed infrequently we don't expect
      that this is a problem.  I.e. if the revocation or shrinking of an
      issued CA certificate is staged for days, or weeks anyway, then
      experiencing a delay of several minutes for the repository
      publication points to all be updated is fairly insignificant.

   o  In cases where a CA certificate is replaced by a certificate with
      an extend set of resources the TA MUST inform the receiving CA
      only after all its repository publication points have been



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      updated.  This ensures that the receiving CA will not issue any
      products that could be invalid if an RP uses a TA key just before
      the CA certificate was due to be updated.

   Finally, note that the publication locations of CA certificates for
   delegations to child CAs under each key will be different, and
   therefore the Authority Information Access 'id-ad-caIssuers' value on
   certificates issued by the child CAs may not match (section 4.8.7 of
   [RFC6487]).  However, this information is not considered critical for
   validation of these objects and provided as hints to RP software
   only.  Therefore RP software MUST NOT reject these certificates based
   on a mismatch of this value.

7.  Performing TA Key Rolls

   In this section we will describe how present day RPKI TAs that use
   only one key pair, and that do not use TAK objects, can change to
   having two current keys at all times allowing them to perform both
   planned and unplanned key rolls.

7.1.  Phase 1: Add a TAK for Key 'A'

   Before adding any new keys a Trust Anchor may want to build up
   operational experience in maintaining a TAK object that describes its
   current key only.  We will call refer to this key as key 'A'
   throughout this section.

   The TA will have a TAL file [I-D.ietf-sidrops-https-tal] that
   contains one or more URIs where the (equivalent) CA certificates for
   this key 'A' can be retrieved.  The TA can now generate a TAK objects
   that includes key 'A' only in its sequence of 'CurrentKey' values.

   The TA SHOULD publish the CA certificate for key 'A' at one or more
   new locations not used in the TAL file, and use these new URIs in the
   TAK object.  The TA is free to choose any naming strategy for these
   locations.  As a non-normative suggestion, one such approach could be
   to use the date that this phase was started as part of the file name
   or a directory where the CA certificate is published.

   The TA can now monitor the retrieval of its CA certificates from the
   URI(s) in the newly published TAK object, relative to the retrieval
   from the URI(s) listed in its TAL file, to learn the proportion of
   RPs that can successfully validate and use the TAK object.








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7.2.  Phase 2: Add a Key 'B'

   The TA can now generate a new key pair, key 'B'.  This key MUST now
   be used to create a new CA certificate for this key, and issue
   equivalent CA certificates for delegations to child CAs, as described
   in Section 6.

   At this point, the TA can also issue a new TAL file
   [I-D.ietf-sidrops-https-tal] for key 'B', and test locally that the
   validation outcome for the new key is indeed equivalent to the other
   current key(s).

   When the TA is certain that both keys are equivalent, it MUST issue a
   new TAK object under each of its current keys, and include both the
   old key 'A' and this new key 'B' in the set of current keys.

   The TA SHOULD now also release a new TAL file for this new key 'B' as
   the intended new key to be used by RP software.  However, as
   described above, it SHOULD use a different set of URIs in the TAL
   compared to the TAK file, so that it can learn the proportion of RPs
   that can successfully validate and use the updated TAK objects.

7.3.  Phase 3: Roll to Key 'C'

   In this phase a new key, key 'C' is generated as described above in
   Section 7.2.  And one of the previous keys is revoked.

7.3.1.  Planned Direction Roll

   If the key roll is planned, and the TA has access to all its keys
   'A', 'B' and 'C', and the publication servers for each of the keys,
   then a new TAK object is generated for each of these keys listing
   keys 'B' and 'C' as current, and key 'A' as revoked.

   The TA SHOULD now publish a long-lived TAK file, CRL and Manifest
   under key 'A', remove all other content, and destroy key 'A'.  This
   way RP software that uses a TAL for key 'A' can still successfully
   find keys 'B' and 'C', and in future 'D', 'E', etc.

   If access to key 'A' was lost, then the process is slightly
   different.  The TAK object for key 'A' cannot be updated and will
   therefore still refer to keys 'A' and 'B' as the current keys, and
   include no revocations.  However, an updated TAK object listing keys
   'B' and 'C' as current, and listing key 'A' as revoked can still be
   issued and published under keys 'B' and 'C'.  As described in
   Section 5 RPs will then discover that key 'A' is revoked, and
   continue to use keys 'B' and 'C'.




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7.3.2.  Unplanned Direction Roll

   If key 'B' is compromised, the process is similar to above, except of
   course that now keys 'A' and 'C' are included in the set of current
   keys, and key 'B' is in the set of revoked keys.  If the TA still has
   access to key 'B', then it SHOULD publish a long-lived TAK file, CRL
   and manifest for key 'B' and remove all other content for it.  If it
   cannot perform this action then simply marking key 'B' as revoked
   will still notify RPs to disregard it.

7.4.  Phase X: Roll to Key 'D', 'E', ..

   Further key rolls are essentially no different the roll to key 'C'
   described in Section 7.3, except that there is no need to still
   include key 'A' in the list of revoked keys when the the roll to key
   'D' is performed.  RPs will already have learned to that key 'A' is
   revoked, before they learn about key 'D'.

8.  Deployment Considerations

   Including Signed TAL objects while RP tools do not support this
   standard will result in these RPs rejecting these objects.  It is not
   expected that this will result in the invalidation of any other
   object under a Trust Anchor.

   That said, the flagging mechanism introduced here can only be relied
   on once a majority of RPs support it.  Defining when that moment
   arrives is by definition something that cannot be established at the
   time of writing this document.  The use of unique URIs in TAK objects
   compared to their equivalent TAL files should help operators
   understand which proportion of RPs support this mechanism.

9.  Security Considerations

   It should be noted that because any key can revoke the other key(s),
   a risk introduced: if an adversary can gain access to one of the
   keys, and publication servers for it, then they can essentially take
   over a TA.  It should also be noted that a TA can revoke all of its
   keys by accident and make itself obsolete.

   However, these risks can be mitigated greatly by the use of Hardware
   Security Modules (HSM) by TAs, which will guard against theft of a
   private key, and operational processes to guard against (accidental)
   mis-use of the keys in an HSM by operators.

   Although HSMs can help against key theft, the risk of key loss is
   still very applicable.  In some ways more so, because back-ups are
   hard by design.  Key loss can easily happen for example when an



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   operator card set that is used to authorize use of a key in an HSM
   can no longer be used, e.g. because cards are broken or lost, or a
   persons who holds a card is sadly no longer with us, or passwords are
   forgotten, etc.

   In such cases the ability to perform an unplanned roll as described
   in this document will be very useful, provided that access to the
   both keys is arranged differently, and the issues affecting one key,
   do not necessarily affect the other key.

   An example where the planned rolls are useful is when a TA is using
   an HSM from vendor X, and they want to migrate to an HSM from vendor
   Y.

   Alternate models of TAL update exist and can be complementary to this
   mechanism.  For example, TAL maintainers can liaise directly with
   validation software developers to include updated and re-issued TAL
   in new code release, and use existing code update mechanisms in the
   RP community to distribute the changes.  Broadly speaking, this is
   the mechanism used inside web browsers to propagate significant
   changes of the trust anchor set included in the browser by default.

10.  IANA Considerations

10.1.  OID

   IANA is to add the following to the "RPKI Signed Objects" registry:

          Decimal | Description                    | References
          --------+--------------------------------+---------------
          TBD     | Trust Anchor Keys              | [section 3.1]

10.2.  File Extension

   IANA is to add an item for the Signed TAL file extension to the "RPKI
   Repository Name Scheme" created by [RFC6481] as follows:

          Extension  |   RPKI Object              | References
          -----------+-------------------------------------------
           .tak      |   Trust Anchor Keys        | [this document]

11.  Security Considerations

   TBD







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12.  Revision History

   03 - Last Draft under Tim's authorship.

   04 - First Draft with Georges's authorship.  No substantive
   revisions.

   05 - First Draft with Toms's authorship.  No substantive revisions.

   06 - Rob Kisteleki's critique

13.  Acknowledgments

   The authors wish to thank Martin Hoffmann for a thorough review of
   this document.

14.  References

14.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-sidrops-https-tal]
              Huston, G., Weiler, S., Michaelson, G., Kent, S., and T.
              Bruijnzeels, "Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)
              Trust Anchor Locator", draft-ietf-sidrops-https-tal-08
              (work in progress), April 2019.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3779]  Lynn, C., Kent, S., and K. Seo, "X.509 Extensions for IP
              Addresses and AS Identifiers", RFC 3779,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3779, June 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3779>.

   [RFC5781]  Weiler, S., Ward, D., and R. Housley, "The rsync URI
              Scheme", RFC 5781, DOI 10.17487/RFC5781, February 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5781>.

   [RFC6481]  Huston, G., Loomans, R., and G. Michaelson, "A Profile for
              Resource Certificate Repository Structure", RFC 6481,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6481, February 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6481>.







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   [RFC6486]  Austein, R., Huston, G., Kent, S., and M. Lepinski,
              "Manifests for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure
              (RPKI)", RFC 6486, DOI 10.17487/RFC6486, February 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6486>.

   [RFC6487]  Huston, G., Michaelson, G., and R. Loomans, "A Profile for
              X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates", RFC 6487,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6487, February 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6487>.

   [RFC6488]  Lepinski, M., Chi, A., and S. Kent, "Signed Object
              Template for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure
              (RPKI)", RFC 6488, DOI 10.17487/RFC6488, February 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6488>.

   [RFC7230]  Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer
              Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing",
              RFC 7230, DOI 10.17487/RFC7230, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7230>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8181]  Weiler, S., Sonalker, A., and R. Austein, "A Publication
              Protocol for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure
              (RPKI)", RFC 8181, DOI 10.17487/RFC8181, July 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8181>.

   [X.690]    ITU-T Recommendation X.690 (2002) | ISO/IEC 8825-1:2002,
              "Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules:
              Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical
              Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules
              (DER)", 2002.

14.2.  Informative References

   [RFC5652]  Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", STD 70,
              RFC 5652, DOI 10.17487/RFC5652, September 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5652>.

Authors' Addresses









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   Carlos Martinez
   LACNIC



     ,





   Phone:

   Email: carlos@lacnic.net

   URI:   https://www.lacnic.net/


   George G. Michaelson
   Asia Pacific Network Information Centre
   6 Cordelia St

   South Brisbane
     , QLD
       4101

   Australia


   Phone:

   Email: ggm@apnic.net

   URI:

















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   Tom Harrison
   Asia Pacific Network Information Centre
   6 Cordelia St

   South Brisbane
     , QLD
       4101

   Australia


   Phone:

   Email: tomh@apnic.net

   URI:


   Tim Bruijnzeels
   NLnet Labs



     ,





   Phone:

   Email: tim@nlnetlabs.nl

   URI:   https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/

















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   Rob Austein
   Dragon Research Labs



     ,





   Phone:

   Email: sra@hactrn.net

   URI:



































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