Network Working Group                                     A. Lindem, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                             Cisco Systems
Intended status: Standards Track                                   Y. Qu
Expires: August 20, 2017                                          Huawei
                                                                D. Yeung
                                                             Arrcus, Inc
                                                                 I. Chen
                                                                   Jabil
                                                                J. Zhang
                                                        Juniper Networks
                                                                 Y. Yang
                                                                SockRate
                                                       February 16, 2017


                   Routing Key Chain YANG Data Model
                 draft-ietf-rtgwg-yang-key-chain-15.txt

Abstract

   This document describes the key chain YANG data model.  A key chain
   is a list of elements each containing a key string, send lifetime,
   accept lifetime, and algorithm (authentication or encryption).  By
   properly overlapping the send and accept lifetimes of multiple key
   chain elements, key strings and algorithms may be gracefully updated.
   By representing them in a YANG data model, key distribution can be
   automated.  Key chains are commonly used for routing protocol
   authentication and other applications.  In some applications, the
   protocols do not use the key chain element key directly, but rather a
   key derivation function is used to derive a short-lived key from the
   key chain element key (e.g., the Master Keys used in the TCP
   Authentication Option.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."




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   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 20, 2017.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Requirements Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.2.  Tree Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.2.  Graceful Key Rollover using Key Chains  . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Design of the Key Chain Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.1.  Key Chain Operational State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  Key Chain Model Features  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  Key Chain Model Tree  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  Key Chain YANG Model  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     7.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   Appendix A.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
     A.1.  Simple Key Chain with Always Valid Single Key . . . . . .  20
     A.2.  Key Chain with Keys having Different Lifetimes  . . . . .  21
     A.3.  Key Chain with Independent Send and Accept Lifetimes  . .  22
   Appendix B.  Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23

1.  Introduction

   This document describes the key chain YANG data model.  A key chain
   is a list of elements each containing a key string, send lifetime,
   accept lifetime, and algorithm (authentication or encryption).  By
   properly overlapping the send and accept lifetimes of multiple key



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   chain elements, key strings and algorithms may be gracefully updated.
   By representing them in a YANG data model, key distribution can be
   automated.  Key chains are commonly used for routing protocol
   authentication and other applications.  In some applications, the
   protocols do not use the key chain element key string directly, but
   rather a key derivation function is used to derive a short-lived key
   from the key chain element key string (e.g., the Master Keys used in
   [TCP-AO]).

1.1.  Requirements Notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   [RFC-KEYWORDS].

1.2.  Tree Diagrams

   A simplified graphical representation of the complete data tree is
   presented in Section 3.3.  The following tree notation is used.

   o  Brackets "[" and "]" enclose list keys.

   o  Curly braces "{" and "}" contain names of optional features that
      make the corresponding node conditional.

   o  Abbreviations before data node names: "rw" means configuration
      (read-write), "ro" state data (read-only), "-x" RPC operations,
      and "-n" notifications.

   o  Symbols after data node names: "?" means an optional node, "!" a
      container with presence, and "*" denotes a "list" or "leaf-list".

   o  Parentheses enclose choice and case nodes, and case nodes are also
      marked with a colon (":").

   o  Ellipsis ("...") stands for contents of subtrees that are not
      shown.

2.  Problem Statement

   This document describes a YANG [YANG] data model for key chains.  Key
   chains have been implemented and deployed by a large percentage of
   network equipment vendors.  Providing a standard YANG model will
   facilitate automated key distribution and non-disruptive key
   rollover.  This will aid in tightening the security of the core
   routing infrastructure as recommended in [IAB-REPORT].




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   A key chain is a list containing one or more elements containing a
   Key ID, key string, send/accept lifetimes, and the associated
   authentication or encryption algorithm.  A key chain can be used by
   any service or application requiring authentication or encryption.
   In essence, the key-chain is a reusable key policy that can be
   referenced whereever it is required.  The key-chain construct has
   been implemented by most networking vendors and deployed in many
   networks.

   A conceptual representation of a crypto key table is described in
   [CRYPTO-KEYTABLE].  The crypto key table also includes keys as well
   as their corresponding lifetimes and algorithms.  Additionally, the
   key table includes key selection criteria and envisions a deployment
   model where the details of the applications or services requiring
   authentication or encryption permeate into the key database.  The
   YANG key-chain model described herein doesn't include key selection
   criteria or support this deployment model.  At the same time, it does
   not preclude it.  The draft [YANG-CRYPTO-KEYTABLE] describes
   augmentations to the key chain YANG model in support of key selection
   criteria.

2.1.  Applicability

   Other YANG modules may reference ietf-key-chain YANG module key-chain
   names for authentication and encryption applications.  A YANG type
   has been provided to facilate reference to the key-chain name without
   having to specify the complete YANG XML Path Language (XPath)
   selector.

2.2.  Graceful Key Rollover using Key Chains

   Key chains may be used to gracefully update the key string and/or
   algorithm used by an application for authentication or encryption.
   This MAY be accomplished by accepting all the keys that have a valid
   accept lifetime and sending the key with the most recent send
   lifetime.  One scenario for facilitating key rollover is to:

   1.  Distribute a key chain with a new key to all the routers or other
       network devices in the domain of that key chain.  The new key's
       accept lifetime should be such that it is accepted during the key
       rollover period.  The send lifetime should be a time in the
       future when it can be assured that all the routers in the domain
       of that key are upgraded.  This will have no immediate impact on
       the keys used for transmission.

   2.  Assure that all the network devices have been updated with the
       updated key chain and that their system times are roughly
       synchronized.  The system times of devices within an



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       administrative domain are commonly synchronized (e.g., using
       Network Time Protocol (NTP) [NTP-PROTO]).  This also may be
       automated.

   3.  When the send lifetime of the new key becomes valid, the network
       devices within the domain of key chain will start sending the new
       key.

   4.  At some point in the future, a new key chain with the old key
       removed may be distributed to the network devices within the
       domain of the key chain.  However, this may be deferred until the
       next key rollover.  If this is done, the key chain will always
       include two keys; either the current and future key (during key
       rollovers) or the current and previous keys (between key
       rollovers).

3.  Design of the Key Chain Model

   The ietf-key-chain module contains a list of one or more keys indexed
   by a Key ID.  For some applications (e.g., OSPFv3 [OSPFV3-AUTH]), the
   Key ID is used to identify the key chain key to be used.  In addition
   to the Key ID, each key chain key includes a key-string and a
   cryptographic algorithm.  Optionally, the key chain keys include
   send/accept lifetimes.  If the send/accept lifetime is unspecified,
   the key is always considered valid.

   Note that asymmetric keys, i.e., a different key value used for
   transmission versus acceptance, may be supported with multiple key
   chain elements where the accept-lifetime or send-lifetime is not
   valid (e.g., has an end-time equal to the start-time).

   Due to the differences in key chain implementations across various
   vendors, some of the data elements are optional.  Finally, the crypto
   algorithm identities are provided for reuse when configuring legacy
   authentication and encryption not using key-chains.

   A key-chain is identified by a unique name within the scope of the
   network device.  The "key-chain-ref" typedef SHOULD be used by other
   YANG modules when they need to reference a configured key-chain.  The
   "key-chain-state=ref" typedef SHOULD be used by other YANG modules
   when they need to reference operational state for a configured key-
   chain.

3.1.  Key Chain Operational State

   The key chain operational state is maintained in a separate tree.
   The key string itself is omitted from the operational state to
   minimize visibility similar to what was done with keys in SNMP MIBs.



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   The timestamp of the last key-chain modification is also maintained
   in the operational state.  Additionally, the operational state
   includes an indication of whether or not a key chain key is valid for
   sending or acceptance.

3.2.  Key Chain Model Features

   Features are used to handle differences between vendor
   implementations.  For example, not all vendors support configuration
   an acceptance tolerance or configuration of key strings in
   hexadecimal.  They are also used to support of security requirements
   (e.g., TCP-AO Algorithms [TCP-AO-ALGORITHMS]) not implemented by
   vendors or only a single vendor.

3.3.  Key Chain Model Tree

   +--rw key-chains
   |  +--rw key-chain* [name]
   |  |  +--rw name                string
   |  |  +--rw description?        string
   |  |  +--rw accept-tolerance {accept-tolerance}?
   |  |  |  +--rw duration?   uint32
   |  |  +--rw key* [key-id]
   |  |     +--rw key-id              uint64
   |  |     +--rw lifetime
   |  |     |  +--rw (lifetime)?
   |  |     |     +--:(send-and-accept-lifetime)
   |  |     |     |  +--rw send-accept-lifetime
   |  |     |     |     +--rw (lifetime)?
   |  |     |     |        +--:(always)
   |  |     |     |        |  +--rw always?            empty
   |  |     |     |        +--:(start-end-time)
   |  |     |     |           +--rw start-date-time?  yang:date-and-time
   |  |     |     |           +--rw (end-time)?
   |  |     |     |              +--:(infinite)
   |  |     |     |              |  +--rw no-end-time?       empty
   |  |     |     |              +--:(duration)
   |  |     |     |              |  +--rw duration?          uint32
   |  |     |     |              +--:(end-date-time)
   |  |     |     |                 +--rw end-date-time?
   |  |     |     |                         yang:date-and-time
   |  |     |     +--:(independent-send-accept-lifetime)
   |  |     |        |   {independent-send-accept-lifetime}?
   |  |     |        +--rw send-lifetime
   |  |     |        |  +--rw (lifetime)?
   |  |     |        |     +--:(always)
   |  |     |        |     |  +--rw always?            empty
   |  |     |        |     +--:(start-end-time)



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   |  |     |        |        +--rw start-date-time?  yang:date-and-time
   |  |     |        |        +--rw (end-time)?
   |  |     |        |           +--:(infinite)
   |  |     |        |           |  +--rw no-end-time?       empty
   |  |     |        |           +--:(duration)
   |  |     |        |           |  +--rw duration?          uint32
   |  |     |        |           +--:(end-date-time)
   |  |     |        |              +--rw end-date-time?
   |  |     |        |                      yang:date-and-time
   |  |     |        +--rw accept-lifetime
   |  |     |           +--rw (lifetime)?
   |  |     |              +--:(always)
   |  |     |              |  +--rw always?            empty
   |  |     |              +--:(start-end-time)
   |  |     |                 +--rw start-date-time?  yang:date-and-time
   |  |     |                 +--rw (end-time)?
   |  |     |                    +--:(infinite)
   |  |     |                    |  +--rw no-end-time?       empty
   |  |     |                    +--:(duration)
   |  |     |                    |  +--rw duration?          uint32
   |  |     |                    +--:(end-date-time)
   |  |     |                       +--rw end-date-time?
   |  |     |                               yang:date-and-time
   |  |     +--rw crypto-algorithm    identityref
   |  |     +--rw key-string
   |  |        +--rw (key-string-style)?
   |  |           +--:(keystring)
   |  |           |  +--rw keystring?            string
   |  |           +--:(hexadecimal) {hex-key-string}?
   |  |              +--rw hexadecimal-string?   yang:hex-string
   |  +--rw aes-key-wrap {aes-key-wrap}?
   |     +--rw enable?   boolean
   +--ro key-chains-state
      +--ro key-chain* [name]
      |  +--ro name                       string
      |  +--ro description?               string
      |  +--ro accept-tolerance {accept-tolerance}?
      |  |  +--ro duration?   uint32
      |  +--ro last-modified-timestamp?   yang:date-and-time
      |  +--ro key* [key-id]
      |     +--ro key-id                    uint64
      |     +--ro lifetime
      |     |  +--ro (lifetime)?
      |     |     +--:(send-and-accept-lifetime)
      |     |     |  +--ro send-accept-lifetime
      |     |     |     +--ro (lifetime)?
      |     |     |        +--:(always)
      |     |     |        |  +--ro always?            empty



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      |     |     |        +--:(start-end-time)
      |     |     |           +--ro start-date-time?  yang:date-and-time
      |     |     |           +--ro (end-time)?
      |     |     |              +--:(infinite)
      |     |     |              |  +--ro no-end-time?       empty
      |     |     |              +--:(duration)
      |     |     |              |  +--ro duration?          uint32
      |     |     |              +--:(end-date-time)
      |     |     |                 +--ro end-date-time?
      |     |     |                         yang:date-and-time
      |     |     +--:(independent-send-accept-lifetime)
      |     |            {independent-send-accept-lifetime}?
      |     |        +--ro send-lifetime
      |     |        |  +--ro (lifetime)?
      |     |        |     +--:(always)
      |     |        |     |  +--ro always?            empty
      |     |        |     +--:(start-end-time)
      |     |        |        +--ro start-date-time?  yang:date-and-time
      |     |        |        +--ro (end-time)?
      |     |        |           +--:(infinite)
      |     |        |           |  +--ro no-end-time?       empty
      |     |        |           +--:(duration)
      |     |        |           |  +--ro duration?          uint32
      |     |        |           +--:(end-date-time)
      |     |        |              +--ro end-date-time?
      |     |        |                      yang:date-and-time
      |     |        +--ro accept-lifetime
      |     |           +--ro (lifetime)?
      |     |              +--:(always)
      |     |              |  +--ro always?            empty
      |     |              +--:(start-end-time)
      |     |                 +--ro start-date-time?  yang:date-and-time
      |     |                 +--ro (end-time)?
      |     |                    +--:(infinite)
      |     |                    |  +--ro no-end-time?       empty
      |     |                    +--:(duration)
      |     |                    |  +--ro duration?          uint32
      |     |                    +--:(end-date-time)
      |     |                       +--ro end-date-time?
      |     |                               yang:date-and-time
      |     +--ro crypto-algorithm          identityref
      |     +--ro key-string
      |     |  +--ro (key-string-style)?
      |     |     +--:(keystring)
      |     |     |  +--ro keystring?            string
      |     |     +--:(hexadecimal) {hex-key-string}?
      |     |        +--ro hexadecimal-string?   yang:hex-string
      |     +--ro send-lifetime-active?     boolean



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      |     +--ro accept-lifetime-active?   boolean
      +--ro aes-key-wrap {aes-key-wrap}?
         +--ro enable?   boolean

4.  Key Chain YANG Model

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-key-chain@2017-02-16.yang"
   module ietf-key-chain {
     yang-version 1.1;
     namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-key-chain";
     prefix key-chain;

     import ietf-yang-types {
       prefix yang;
     }
     import ietf-netconf-acm {
       prefix nacm;
     }

     organization
       "IETF RTG (Routing) Working Group";
     contact
       "Acee Lindem - acee@cisco.com";
     description
       "This YANG module defines the generic configuration
        data for key-chain. It is intended that the module
        will be extended by vendors to define vendor-specific
        key-chain configuration parameters.

        Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
        authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
        without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject
        to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License
        set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
        Relating to IETF Documents
        (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see
        the RFC itself for full legal notices.";

     revision 2017-02-16 {
       description
         "Initial RFC Revision";
       reference "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for key-chain";
     }

     feature hex-key-string {



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       description
         "Support hexadecimal key string.";
     }

     feature accept-tolerance {
       description
         "To specify the tolerance or acceptance limit.";
     }

     feature independent-send-accept-lifetime {
       description
         "Support for independent send and accept key lifetimes.";
     }

     feature crypto-hmac-sha-1-12 {
       description
         "Support for TCP HMAC-SHA-1 12 byte digest hack.";
     }

     feature clear-text {
       description
         "Support for clear-text algorithm. Usage is
          NOT RECOMMENDED.";
     }

     feature aes-cmac-prf-128 {
       description
         "Support for AES Cipher based Message Authentication
          Code Pseudo Random Function.";
     }

     feature aes-key-wrap {
       description
         "Support for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Key Wrap.";
     }

     feature replay-protection-only {
       description
         "Provide replay-protection without any authentication
          as required by protocols such as Bidirectional
          Forwarding Detection (BFD).";
     }

     identity crypto-algorithm {
       description
         "Base identity of cryptographic algorithm options.";
     }




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     identity hmac-sha-1-12 {
       base crypto-algorithm;
       if-feature "crypto-hmac-sha-1-12";
       description
         "The HMAC-SHA1-12 algorithm.";
     }

     identity aes-cmac-prf-128 {
       base crypto-algorithm;
       if-feature "aes-cmac-prf-128";
       description
         "The AES-CMAC-PRF-128 algorithm - required by
          RFC 5926 for TCP-AO key derivation functions.";
     }

     identity md5 {
       base crypto-algorithm;
       description
         "The MD5 algorithm.";
     }

     identity sha-1 {
       base crypto-algorithm;
       description
         "The SHA-1 algorithm.";
     }

     identity hmac-sha-1 {
       base crypto-algorithm;
       description
         "HMAC-SHA-1 authentication algorithm.";
     }

     identity hmac-sha-256 {
       base crypto-algorithm;
       description
         "HMAC-SHA-256 authentication algorithm.";
     }

     identity hmac-sha-384 {
       base crypto-algorithm;
       description
         "HMAC-SHA-384 authentication algorithm.";
     }

     identity hmac-sha-512 {
       base crypto-algorithm;
       description



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         "HMAC-SHA-512 authentication algorithm.";
     }

     identity clear-text {
       base crypto-algorithm;
       if-feature "clear-text";
       description
         "Clear text.";
     }

     identity replay-protection-only {
       base crypto-algorithm;
       if-feature "replay-protection-only";
       description
         "Provide replay-protection without any authentication as
          required by protocols such as Bidirectional Forwarding
          Detection (BFD).";
     }

     typedef key-chain-ref {
       type leafref {
         path
         "/key-chain:key-chains/key-chain:key-chain/key-chain:name";
       }
       description
         "This type is used by data models that need to reference
          configured key-chains.";
     }

     typedef key-chain-state-ref {
       type leafref {
         path "/key-chain:key-chains-state/key-chain:key-chain/"+
              "key-chain:name";
       }
       description
         "This type is used by data models that need to reference
          operational state for a configured key-chain.";
     }

     grouping lifetime {
       description
         "Key lifetime specification.";
       choice lifetime {
         default "always";
         description
           "Options for specifying key accept or send lifetimes";
         case always {
           leaf always {



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             type empty;
             description
               "Indicates key lifetime is always valid.";
           }
         }
         case start-end-time {
           leaf start-date-time {
             type yang:date-and-time;
             description
               "Start time.";
           }
           choice end-time {
             default "infinite";
             description
               "End-time setting.";
             case infinite {
               leaf no-end-time {
                 type empty;
                 description
                   "Indicates key lifetime end-time in infinite.";
               }
             }
             case duration {
               leaf duration {
                 type uint32 {
                   range "1..2147483646";
                 }
                 units "seconds";
                 description
                   "Key lifetime duration, in seconds";
               }
             }
             case end-date-time {
               leaf end-date-time {
                 type yang:date-and-time;
                 description
                   "End time.";
               }
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }

     grouping key-common {
       description
         "Key-chain key data nodes common to
          configuration and state.";



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       container lifetime {
         description
           "Specify a key's lifetime.";
         choice lifetime {
           description
             "Options for specification of send and accept lifetimes.";
           case send-and-accept-lifetime {
             description
               "Send and accept key have the same lifetime.";
             container send-accept-lifetime {
               description
                 "Single lifetime specification for both
                  send and accept lifetimes.";
               uses lifetime;
             }
           }
           case independent-send-accept-lifetime {
             if-feature "independent-send-accept-lifetime";
             description
               "Independent send and accept key lifetimes.";
             container send-lifetime {
               description
                 "Separate lifetime specification for send lifetime.";
               uses lifetime;
             }
             container accept-lifetime {
               description
                 "Separate lifetime specification for accept lifetime.";
               uses lifetime;
             }
           }
         }
       }
       leaf crypto-algorithm {
         type identityref {
           base crypto-algorithm;
         }
         mandatory true;
         description
           "Cryptographic algorithm associated with key.";
       }
       container key-string {
         description
           "The key string.";
         nacm:default-deny-all;
         choice key-string-style {
           description
             "Key string styles";



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           case keystring {
             leaf keystring {
               type string;
               description
                 "Key string in ASCII format.";
             }
           }
           case hexadecimal {
             if-feature "hex-key-string";
             leaf hexadecimal-string {
               type yang:hex-string;
               description
                 "Key in hexadecimal string format. When compared
                  to ASCII, specification in  hexadecimal affords
                  greater key entropy with the same number of
                  octets. Additionally, it discourages usage of
                  well-known words or numbers.";
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }

     grouping key-chain-common {
       description
         "key-chain common grouping.";
       leaf name {
         type string;
         description
           "Name of the key-chain.";
       }
       leaf description {
         type string;
         description
           "A description of the key-chain";
       }
       container accept-tolerance {
         if-feature "accept-tolerance";
         description
           "Tolerance for key lifetime acceptance (seconds).";
         leaf duration {
           type uint32;
           units "seconds";
           default "0";
           description
             "Tolerance range, in seconds.";
         }
       }



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     }

     container key-chains {
       description
         "All configured key-chains on the device.";
       list key-chain {
         key "name";
         description
           "List of key-chains.";
         uses key-chain-common;
         list key {
           key "key-id";
           description
             "Single key in key chain.";
           leaf key-id {
             type uint64;
             description
               "Numeric value uniquely identifying the key";
           }
           uses key-common;
         }
       }
       container aes-key-wrap {
         if-feature "aes-key-wrap";
         description
           "AES Key Wrap password encryption.";
         leaf enable {
           type boolean;
           default "false";
           description
             "Enable AES Key Wrap encryption.";
         }
       }
     }

     container key-chains-state {
       config false;
       description
         "State for all configured key-chains on the device.";
       list key-chain {
         key "name";
         description
           "List of key-chains and operational state.";
         uses key-chain-common;
         leaf last-modified-timestamp {
           type yang:date-and-time;
           description
             "Timestamp of the most recent update to the key-chain";



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         }
         list key {
           key "key-id";
           description
               "Single key in key chain.";
           leaf key-id {
             type uint64;
             description
               "Numeric value uniquely identifying the key";
           }
           uses key-common;
           leaf send-lifetime-active {
             type boolean;
             config false;
             description
               "Indicates if the send lifetime of the
                key-chain key is currently active.";
              }
           leaf accept-lifetime-active {
             type boolean;
             config false;
             description
               "Indicates if the accept lifetime of the
                key-chain key is currently active.";
           }
         }
       }
       container aes-key-wrap {
         if-feature "aes-key-wrap";
         description
           "AES Key Wrap password encryption.";
         leaf enable {
           type boolean;
           description
             "Indicates whether AES Key Wrap encryption is enabled.";
         }
       }
     }
   }
   <CODE ENDS>



5.  Security Considerations

   This document enables the automated distribution of industry standard
   key chains using the NETCONF [NETCONF] protocol.  As such, the
   security considerations for the NETCONF protocol are applicable.  The



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   NETCONF protocol mandates confidentiality (section 2.2 of [NETCONF].
   Similarily, the RESTCONF protocol also mandates confidentiality
   (section 1.1 of [RESTCONF]).  If a transport not mandating
   confidentiality is used, it is RECOMMENDED that the transport
   communication channel be encrypted.

   When configured, the key-strings can be encrypted using the AES Key
   Wrap algorithm [AES-KEY-WRAP].  The AES key-encryption key (KEK) is
   not included in the YANG model and must be set or derived independent
   of key-chain configuration.

   The key strings are not accessible by default and NETCONF Access
   Control Mode [NETCONF-ACM] rules are required to configure or
   retrieve them.

   The clear-text algorithm is included as a YANG feature.  Usage is NOT
   RECOMMENDED except in cases where the application and device have no
   other alternative (e.g., a legacy network device that must
   authenticate packets at intervals of 10 milliseconds or less for many
   peers using Bidirectional Forwarding Detection [BFD]).  Keys used
   with the clear-text algorithm are considered insecure and SHOULD NOT
   be reused with more secure algorithms.

   It is RECOMMENDED that keys be encrypted or otherwise obfuscated when
   stored internally on a network device supporting this specification.

6.  IANA Considerations

   This document registers a URI in the IETF XML registry
   [XML-REGISTRY].  Following the format in [XML-REGISTRY], the
   following registration is requested to be made:

      URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-key-chain

      Registrant Contact: The IESG.

      XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.

      This document registers a YANG module in the YANG Module Names
      registry [YANG].

      name: ietf-key-chain namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-
      key-chain prefix: ietf-key-chain reference: RFC XXXX








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7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [NETCONF]  Enns, R., Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., and A.
              Bierman, "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC
              6241, June 2011.

   [NETCONF-ACM]
              Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
              Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model", RFC 6536, March
              2012.

   [RFC-KEYWORDS]
              Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFC's to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [XML-REGISTRY]
              Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              January 2004.

   [YANG]     Bjorklund, M., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the
              Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
              October 2010.

7.2.  Informative References

   [AES-KEY-WRAP]
              Housley, R. and M. Dworkin, "Advanced Encryption Standard
              (AES) Key Wrap with Padding Algorithm", RFC 5649, August
              2009.

   [BFD]      Katz, D. and D. Ward, "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
              (BFD)", RFC 5880, June 2010.

   [CRYPTO-KEYTABLE]
              Housley, R., Polk, T., Hartman, S., and D. Zhang,
              "Table of Cryptographic Keys", RFC 7210, April 2014.

   [IAB-REPORT]
              Andersson, L., Davies, E., and L. Zhang, "Report from the
              IAB workshop on Unwanted Traffic March 9-10, 2006", RFC
              4948, August 2007.

   [NTP-PROTO]
              Mills, D., Martin, J., Burbank, J., and W. Kasch, "Network
              Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms
              Specification", RFC 5905, June 2010.



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   [OSPFV3-AUTH]
              Bhatia, M., Manral, V., and A. Lindem, "Supporting
              Authentication Trailer for OSPFv3", RFC 7166, March 2014.

   [RESTCONF]
              Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
              Protocol", RFC 8040, January 2017.

   [TCP-AO]   Touch, J., Mankin, A., and R. Bonica, "The TCP
              Authentication Option", RFC 5925, June 2010.

   [TCP-AO-ALGORITHMS]
              Lebovitz, G. and E. Rescorla, "Cryptographic Algorithms
              for the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO)", RFC 5926,
              June 2010.

   [YANG-CRYPTO-KEYTABLE]
              Chen, I., "YANG Data Model for RFC 7210 Key Table", draft-
              chen-rtg-key-table-yang-00.txt (work in progress),
              November 2015.

Appendix A.  Examples

A.1.  Simple Key Chain with Always Valid Single Key

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
     <key-chains xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-key-chain">
       <key-chain>
         <name>keychain-no-end-time</name>
         <description>
           A key chain with a single key that is always valid for tx/rx
         </description>
         <key>
           <key-id>100</key-id>
           <lifetime>
             <send-accept-lifetime>
               <always/>
             </send-accept-lifetime>
           </lifetime>
           <crypto-algorithm>md5</crypto-algorithm>
           <key-string>
             <keystring>keystring_in_ascii_100</keystring>
           </key-string>
         </key>
       </key-chain>
     </key-chains>
   </data>



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A.2.  Key Chain with Keys having Different Lifetimes

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
     <key-chains xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-key-chain">
       <key-chain>
         <name>keychain2</name>
         <description>
           A key chain where each key contains different send time
           and accept time
         </description>
         <key>
           <key-id>35</key-id>
           <lifetime>
             <send-lifetime>
               <start-date-time>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</start-date-time>
               <end-date-time>2017-02-01T00:00:00Z</end-date-time>
             </send-lifetime>
             <accept-lifetime>
               <start-date-time>2016-12-31T23:59:55Z</start-date-time>
               <end-date-time>2017-02-01T00:00:05Z</end-date-time>
             </accept-lifetime>
           </lifetime>
           <crypto-algorithm>hmac-sha-1</crypto-algorithm>
           <key-string>
             <keystring>keystring_in_ascii_35</keystring>
           </key-string>
         </key>
         <key>
           <key-id>36</key-id>
           <lifetime>
             <send-lifetime>
               <start-date-time>2017-02-01T00:00:00Z</start-date-time>
               <end-date-time>2017-03-01T00:00:00Z</end-date-time>
             </send-lifetime>
             <accept-lifetime>
               <start-date-time>2017-01-31T23:59:55Z</start-date-time>
               <end-date-time>2017-03-01T00:00:05Z</end-date-time>
             </accept-lifetime>
           </lifetime>
           <crypto-algorithm>hmac-sha-1</crypto-algorithm>
           <key-string>
             <hexadecimal-string>fe:ed:be:af:36</hexadecimal-string>
           </key-string>
         </key>
       </key-chain>
     </key-chains>
   </data>



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A.3.  Key Chain with Independent Send and Accept Lifetimes

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
     <key-chains xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-key-chain">
       <key-chain>
         <name>keychain2</name>
         <description>
           A key chain where each key contains different send time
           and accept time
         </description>
         <key>
           <key-id>35</key-id>
           <lifetime>
             <send-lifetime>
               <start-date-time>2017-01-01T00:00:00Z</start-date-time>
               <end-date-time>2017-02-01T00:00:00Z</end-date-time>
             </send-lifetime>
             <accept-lifetime>
               <start-date-time>2016-12-31T23:59:55Z</start-date-time>
               <end-date-time>2017-02-01T00:00:05Z</end-date-time>
             </accept-lifetime>
           </lifetime>
           <crypto-algorithm>hmac-sha-1</crypto-algorithm>
           <key-string>
             <keystring>keystring_in_ascii_35</keystring>
           </key-string>
         </key>
         <key>
           <key-id>36</key-id>
           <lifetime>
             <send-lifetime>
               <start-date-time>2017-02-01T00:00:00Z</start-date-time>
               <end-date-time>2017-03-01T00:00:00Z</end-date-time>
             </send-lifetime>
             <accept-lifetime>
               <start-date-time>2017-01-31T23:59:55Z</start-date-time>
               <end-date-time>2017-03-01T00:00:05Z</end-date-time>
             </accept-lifetime>
           </lifetime>
           <crypto-algorithm>hmac-sha-1</crypto-algorithm>
           <key-string>
             <hexadecimal-string>fe:ed:be:af:36</hexadecimal-string>
           </key-string>
         </key>
       </key-chain>
     </key-chains>
   </data>



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Appendix B.  Acknowledgments

   The RFC text was produced using Marshall Rose's xml2rfc tool.

   Thanks to Brian Weis for fruitful discussions on security
   requirements.

   Thanks to Ines Robles for Routing Directorate QA review comments.

   Thanks to Ladislav Lhotka for YANG Doctor comments.

   Thanks to Martin Bjorklund for additional YANG Doctor comments.

Authors' Addresses

   Acee Lindem (editor)
   Cisco Systems
   301 Midenhall Way
   Cary, NC  27513
   USA

   Email: acee@cisco.com


   Yingzhen Qu
   Huawei

   Email: yingzhen.qu@huawei.com


   Derek Yeung
   Arrcus, Inc

   Email: derek@arrcus.com


   Ing-Wher Chen
   Jabil

   Email: ing-wher_chen@jabil.com











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   Jeffrey Zhang
   Juniper Networks
   10 Technology Park Drive
   Westford, MA  01886
   USA

   Email: zzhang@juniper.net


   Yi Yang
   SockRate

   Email: yi.yang@sockrate.com






































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