P2PSIP Working Group                                          J. Maenpaa
Internet-Draft                                              G. Camarillo
Intended status: Standards Track                                Ericsson
Expires: August 20, 2013                               February 16, 2013


  Service Discovery Usage for REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD)
               draft-ietf-p2psip-service-discovery-07.txt

Abstract

   REsource LOcation and Discovery (RELOAD) does not define a generic
   service discovery mechanism as a part of the base protocol.  This
   document defines how the Recursive Distributed Rendezvous (ReDiR)
   service discovery mechanism used in OpenDHT can be applied to RELOAD
   overlays to provide a generic service discovery mechanism.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 20, 2013.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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   described in the Simplified BSD License.



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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  Introduction to ReDiR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   4.  Using ReDiR in a RELOAD Overlay Instance . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     4.1.  Data Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     4.2.  Selecting the Starting Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.3.  Service Provider Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     4.4.  Refreshing Registrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     4.5.  Service Lookups  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     4.6.  Removing Registrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   5.  Access Control Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   6.  REDIR Kind Definition  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   7.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     7.1.  Service Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     7.2.  Service Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   8.  Overlay Configuration Document Extension . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   9.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   10. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     10.1. Access Control Policies  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     10.2. Data Kind-ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     10.3. ReDiR Namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   11. Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16























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1.  Introduction

   REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD) [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base] is a
   peer-to-peer signaling protocol that can be used to maintain an
   overlay network, and to store data in and retrieve data from the
   overlay.  Although RELOAD defines a Traversal Using Relays around
   Network Address Translation (TURN) specific service discovery
   mechanism, it does not define a generic service discovery mechanism
   as a part of the base protocol.  This document defines how the
   Recursive Distributed Rendezvous (ReDiR) service discovery mechanism
   [Redir] used in OpenDHT can be applied to RELOAD overlays.

   In a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay network such as a RELOAD Overlay
   Instance, the peers forming the overlay share their resources in
   order to provide the service the system has been designed to provide.
   The peers in the overlay both provide services to other peers and
   request services from other peers.  Examples of possible services
   peers in a RELOAD Overlay Instance can offer to each other include a
   TURN relay service, a voice mail service, a gateway location service,
   and a transcoding service.  Typically, only a small subset of the
   peers participating in the system are providers of a given service.
   A peer that wishes to use a particular service faces the problem of
   finding peers that are providing that service from the Overlay
   Instance.

   A naive way to perform service discovery is to store the Node-IDs of
   all nodes providing a particular service under a well-known key k.
   The limitation of this approach is that it scales linearly in the
   number of nodes that provide the service.  The problem is two-fold:
   the node n that is responsible for service s identified by key k may
   end up storing a large number of Node-IDs and most importantly, may
   also become overloaded since all service lookup requests for service
   s will need to be answered by node n.  An efficient service discovery
   mechanism does not overload the nodes storing pointers to service
   providers.  In addition, the mechanism must ensure that the load of
   providing a given service is distributed evenly among the nodes
   providing the service.

   ReDiR implements service discovery by building a tree structure of
   the nodes that provide a particular service and embedding it into the
   RELOAD Overlay Instance using RELOAD Store and Fetch requests.  Each
   service provided in the Overlay Instance has its own tree.  The nodes
   in a ReDiR tree contain pointers to service providers.  During
   service discovery, a peer wishing to use a given service fetches
   ReDiR tree nodes one-by-one from the RELOAD Overlay Instance until it
   finds a service provider responsible for its Node-ID.  It has been
   proved that ReDiR can find a service provider using only a constant
   number of Fetch operations [Redir].



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2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

   This document uses the terminology and definitions from the Concepts
   and Terminology for Peer to Peer SIP [I-D.ietf-p2psip-concepts]
   draft.


   DHT:  Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) are a class of decentralized
      distributed systems that provide a lookup service similar to a
      hash table.  Given a key, any participating peer can retrieve the
      value associated with that key.  The responsibility for
      maintaining the mapping from keys to values is distributed among
      the peers.

   H(x):  Hash calculated over x.

   I(l,k):  An interval at level l in the ReDiR tree that encloses key
      k.

   n.id:  Node-ID of node n.

   Namespace:  An arbitrary identifier that identifies a service
      provided in the RELOAD Overlay Instance.  An example of a
      namespace is "voice-mail".  The namespace is an UTF-8 text string.

   numBitsInNodeId:  Number of bits in a Node-ID.

   ReDiR tree:  A tree structure of the nodes that provide a particular
      service.  The nodes embed the ReDiR tree into the RELOAD Overlay
      Instance using RELOAD Store and Fetch requests.

   Successor:  The successor of identifier k in namespace ns is the node
      belonging to ns whose identifier most immediately follows k.



3.  Introduction to ReDiR

   Recursive Distributed Rendezvous (ReDiR) [Redir] does not require new
   functionality from the RELOAD base protocol.  This is possible since
   ReDiR interacts with the RELOAD overlay through a put/get API using
   RELOAD Store and Fetch requests.  ReDiR builds a tree structure of
   the nodes that provide a particular service and embeds it into the
   RELOAD Overlay Instance using the Store and Fetch requests.  ReDiR



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   performs lookup in a logarithmic number of Fetch operations with high
   probability.  Further, if the height of the ReDiR tree is estimated
   based on lookups carried out previously, the average lookup can be
   reduced to a constant number of Fetch operations assuming that Node-
   IDs are distributed uniformly at random.

   In ReDiR, each service provided in the overlay is identified by an
   identifier, called the namespace.  All service providers of a given
   service join the namespace of that service.  Peers wishing to use a
   service perform lookups within the namespace of the service.  The
   result of a ReDiR lookup for an identifier k in namespace ns is a
   RedirServiceProvider structure (see Section 4.1) of a service
   provider that belongs to ns and whose Node-ID is the closest
   successor of identifier k in the namespace.

   Each tree node in the ReDiR tree contains a dictionary of
   RedirServiceProvider entries of peers providing a particular service.
   Each tree node in the ReDiR tree also belongs to some level in the
   tree.  The root node of the ReDiR tree is located at level 0.  The
   child nodes of the root node are located at level 1 of the ReDiR
   tree.  The children of the tree nodes at level 1 are located at level
   2, and so forth.  The ReDiR tree has a branching factor, whose value
   is determined by a new element in the RELOAD overlay configuration
   document, called branching-factor.  At every level l in the ReDiR
   tree, there is room for a maximum of branching-factor^l tree nodes.
   As an example, in a tree whose branching-factor is 2, the second
   level can contain up to 4 tree nodes (note that a given level may
   contain less than the maximum number of tree nodes since empty tree
   nodes are not stored).  Each tree node in the ReDiR tree is uniquely
   identified by a pair (l,j), where l is a level in the ReDiR tree and
   j is the position of the tree node (from the left) at that level.  As
   an example, the pair (2,3) identifies the 3rd tree node from the left
   at level 2.

   The ReDiR tree is stored into the RELOAD Overlay Instance tree node
   by tree node, by storing the values of tree node (level,j) at key
   H(namespace,level,j).  As an example, the root of the tree for a
   voice mail service is stored at H("voice-mail",0,0).  Each node
   (level,j) in the ReDiR tree contains b intervals of the DHT's
   identifier space as follows:

             [2^numBitsInNodeID*b^(-level)*(j+(b'/b)),
              2^numBitsInNodeID*b^(-level)*(j+((b'+1)/b))), for 0<=b'<b,

   where b is the branching-factor.

   Figure 1 shows an example of a ReDiR tree whose branching factor is
   2.  Each tree node is shown as two horizontal lines separated by a



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   vertical bar in the middle.  The lines represent the two intervals
   each node is responsible for.  At level 0, there is only one node,
   (0,0) responsible for two intervals that together cover the entire
   identifier space of the RELOAD Overlay Instance.  At level 1, there
   are two nodes, (1,0) and (1,1), each of which is responsible for half
   of the identifier space of the RELOAD Overlay Instance.  At level 2,
   there are four nodes.  Each of them owns one fourth of the identifier
   space.  At level 3, there are eight nodes each of which is
   responsible for one eight of the identifier space.

     Level 0  __________________|__________________
                      |                   |
     Level 1  ________|________   ________|________
                 |         |         |         |
     Level 2  ___|___   ___|___   ___|___   ___|___
               |   |     |   |     |   |     |   |
     Level 3  _|_ _|_   _|_ _|_   _|_ _|_   _|_ _|_


                           Figure 1: ReDiR tree


4.  Using ReDiR in a RELOAD Overlay Instance

4.1.  Data Structure

   ReDiR tree nodes are stored using the dictionary data model defined
   in RELOAD base [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base].  The data stored is a
   RedirServiceProvider Resource Record:


            enum { none(0), (255) }
              RedirServiceProviderExtType;

            struct {
              RedirServiceProviderExtType   type;
              Destination                   destination_list<0..2^16-1>;
              opaque                        namespace<0..2^16-1>;
              uint16                        level;
              uint16                        node;
              uint16                        length;

              select (type) {
                  /* This type may be extended */
              } extension;

            } RedirServiceProvider;




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   The contents of the RedirServiceProvider Resource Record are as
   follows:

   type
      The type of an extension to the RedirServiceProvider Resource
      Record.  Unknown types are allowed.

   destination_list
      A list of IDs through which a message is to be routed to reach the
      service provider.  The destination list consists of a sequence of
      Destination values.  The contents of the Destination structure are
      as defined in RELOAD base [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base].

   namespace
      An opaque UTF-8 encoded string containing the namespace.

   level
      The level in the ReDiR tree.

   node
      The position of the node storing this RedirServiceProvider record
      at the current level in the ReDiR tree.

   length
      The length of the rest of the Resource Record.

   extension
      An extension value.  The RedirServiceProvider Resource Record can
      be extended to include for instance service or service provider
      specific information.


4.2.  Selecting the Starting Level

   Before registering as a service provider or performing a service
   lookup, a peer needs to determine the starting level Lstart for the
   registration or lookup operation in the ReDiR tree.  It is
   RECOMMENDED that Lstart is set to 2.  In subsequent registrations,
   Lstart MAY, as an optimization, be set to the lowest level at which a
   registration operation has last completed.

   In the case of subsequent service lookups, nodes MAY, as an
   optimization, record the levels at which the last 16 service lookups
   completed and take Lstart to be the mode of those depths.







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4.3.  Service Provider Registration

   A node MUST use the following procedure to register as a service
   provider in the RELOAD Overlay Instance:

   1.  A node n with Node-ID n.id wishing to register as a service
       provider starts from a starting level Lstart (see Section 4.2 for
       the details on selecting the starting level).  Therefore, node n
       sets level=Lstart.
   2.  Node n MUST send a RELOAD Fetch request to fetch the contents of
       the tree node responsible for I(level,n.id).  An interval I(l,k)
       is the interval at level l in the ReDiR tree that includes key k.
       The fetch MUST be a wildcard fetch.
   3.  Node n MUST send a RELOAD Store request to add its
       RedirServiceProvider entry to the dictionary stored in the tree
       node responsible for I(level,n.id)
   4.  If node n's Node-ID (n.id) is the lowest or highest Node-ID
       stored in the tree node responsible for I(Lstart,n.id), node n
       MUST reduce the current level by one (i.e., set level=level-1)
       and continue up the ReDiR tree towards the root level (level 0),
       repeating the steps 2 and 3 above.  Node n MUST continue in this
       way until it reaches either the root of the tree or a level at
       which n.id is not the lowest or highest Node-ID in the interval
       I(level,n.id).
   5.  Node n MUST also perform a downward walk in the ReDiR tree,
       during which it goes through the tree nodes responsible for
       intervals I(Lstart,n.id), I(Lstart+1,n.id), I(Lstart+2,n.id),
       etc.  At each step, node n MUST fetch the responsible tree node,
       and store its RedirServiceProvider record in that tree node if
       n.id is the lowest or highest Node-ID in its interval.  Node n
       MUST end this downward walk as soon as it reaches a level l at
       which it is the only service provider in its interval I(l,n.id).

   Note that above, when we refer to 'the tree node responsible for
   I(l,k)', we mean the entire tree node (that is, all the intervals
   within the tree node) responsible for interval I(l,k).  In contrast,
   I(l,k) refers to a specific interval within a tree node.

4.4.  Refreshing Registrations

   All state in the ReDiR tree is soft.  Therefore, a service provider
   needs to periodically repeat the registration process to refresh its
   RedirServiceProvider Resource Record.  If a record expires, it MUST
   be dropped from the dictionary by the peer storing the tree node.
   Deciding an appropriate lifetime for the RedirServiceProvider
   Resource Records is up to each service provider.  Every service
   provider MUST repeat the entire registration process periodically
   until it leaves the RELOAD Overlay Instance.



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   Note that no new mechanisms are needed to keep track of the remaining
   lifetime of RedirServiceProvider records.  The 'storage_time' and
   'lifetime' fields of RELOAD's StoredData structure can be used for
   this purpose in the usual way.

4.5.  Service Lookups

   The purpose of a service lookup for identifier k in namespace ns is
   to find the node that is a part of ns and whose identifier most
   immediately follows (i.e., is the closest successor of) the
   identifier k.

   A service lookup is similar to the service registration operation
   described in Section 4.3.  Service lookups start from a given
   starting level level=Lstart in the ReDiR tree (see Section 4.2 for
   the details on selecting the starting level).  At each step, a node n
   wishing to discover a service provider MUST fetch the tree node
   responsible for the interval I(level,n.id) that encloses the search
   key n.id at the current level using a RELOAD Fetch request.  Having
   fetched the tree node, node n MUST determine the next action to carry
   out as follows:

   1.  If there is no successor of node n present in the just fetched
       ReDiR tree node (note: within the entire tree and not only within
       the current interval) responsible for I(level,n.id), then the
       successor of node n must be present in a larger segment of the
       identifier space (i.e., further up in the ReDiR tree where each
       interval and tree node covers a larger range of the identifier
       space).  Therefore, node n MUST reduce the current level by one
       to level=level-1 and carry out a new Fetch operation for the tree
       node responsible for n.id at that level.  The fetched tree node
       is then analyzed and the next action determined by checking
       conditions 1-3.
   2.  If n.id is neither the lowest nor the highest Node-ID within the
       interval (note: within the interval, not within the entire tree
       node) I(level,n.id), n MUST next check the tree node responsible
       for n.id at the next level down the tree.  Thus, node n MUST
       increase the level by one to level=level+1 and carry out a new
       Fetch operation at that level.  The fetched tree node is then
       analyzed and the next action determined by checking conditions
       1-3.
   3.  If neither of the conditions above holds, meaning that there is a
       successor s of n.id present in the just fetched ReDiR tree node
       and n.id is the highest or lowest Node-ID in its interval, the
       service lookup has finished successfully and s must be the
       closest successor of n.id in the ReDiR tree.

   Note that above, when we refer to 'the tree node responsible for



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   interval I(l,k)', we mean the entire tree node (that is, all the
   intervals within the tree node) responsible for interval I(l,k).  In
   contrast, I(l,k) refers to a specific interval within a tree node.

   Note also that there may be some cases in which no successor can be
   found from the ReDiR tree.  An example is a situation in which all of
   the service providers stored in the ReDiR tree have a Node-ID smaller
   than identifier k.  In this case, the upward walk of the service
   lookup will reach the root of the tree without encountering a
   successor.  An appropriate strategy in this case is to pick one of
   the RedirServiceProvider entries stored in the dictionary of the root
   node at random.

4.6.  Removing Registrations

   Before leaving the RELOAD Overlay Instance, a service provider MUST
   remove the RedirServiceProvider records it has stored by storing
   exists=False values in their place, as described in
   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base].


5.  Access Control Rules

   As specified in RELOAD base [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base], every kind which
   is storable in an overlay must be associated with an access control
   policy.  This policy defines whether a request from a given node to
   operate on a given value should succeed or fail.  Usages can define
   any access control rules they choose, including publicly writable
   values.

   ReDiR requires an access control policy that allows multiple nodes in
   the overlay read and write access to the ReDiR tree nodes stored in
   the overlay.  Therefore, none of the access control policies
   specified in RELOAD base [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base] is sufficient.

   This document defines a new access control policy, called NODE-ID-
   MATCH.  In this policy, a given value MUST be written and overwritten
   only if the the request is signed with a key associated with a
   certificate whose Node-ID is equal to the dictionary key.  In
   addition, provided that exists=TRUE, the Node-ID MUST belong to one
   of the intervals associated with the tree node (the number of
   intervals each tree node has is determined by the branching-factor
   parameter).  Finally, provided that exists=TRUE,
   H(namespace,level,node), where namespace, level, and node are taken
   from the RedirServiceProvider structure being stored, MUST be equal
   to the Resource-ID for the resource.  The NODE-ID-MATCH policy may
   only be used with dictionary types.




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6.  REDIR Kind Definition

   This section defines the REDIR kind.

   Name
      REDIR

   Kind IDs
      The Resource Name for the REDIR Kind-ID is created by
      concatenating three pieces of information: namespace, level, and
      node number.  Namespace is an opaque UTF-8 encoded string
      identifying a service, such as "turn-server".  Level is an integer
      specifying a level in the ReDiR tree.  Node number is an integer
      identifying a ReDiR tree node at a specific level.  The data
      stored is a RedirServiceProvider structure that was defined in
      Section 4.1.

   Data Model
      The data model for the REDIR Kind-ID is dictionary.  The
      dictionary key is the Node-ID of the service provider.

   Access Control
      The access control policy for the REDIR kind is the NODE-ID-MATCH
      policy that was defined in Section 5.



7.  Examples

7.1.  Service Registration

   Figure 2 shows an example of a ReDiR tree containing information
   about four different service providers whose Node-IDs are 2, 3, 4,
   and 7.  In the example, numBitsInNodeID=4.  Initially, the ReDiR tree
   is empty; Figure 2 shows the state of the tree at the point when all
   the service providers have registered.

     Level 0  ____2_3___4_____7_|__________________
                      |                   |
     Level 1  ____2_3_|_4_____7   ________|________
                 |         |         |         |
     Level 2  ___|2_3   4__|__7   ___|___   ___|___
               |   |     |   |     |   |     |   |
     Level 3  _|_ _|3   _|_ _|_   _|_ _|_   _|_ _|_


                     Figure 2: Example of a ReDiR tree




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   First, peer 2 whose Node-ID is 2 joins the namespace.  Since this is
   the first registration peer 2 performs, peer 2 sets the starting
   level Lstart to 2, as was described in Section 4.2.  Also all other
   peers in this example will start from level 2.  First, peer 2 fetches
   the contents of the tree node associated with interval I(2,2) from
   the RELOAD Overlay Instance.  This tree node is the first tree node
   from the left at Level 2 since key 2 is associated with the second
   interval of the first tree node.  Peer 2 also stores its
   RedirServiceProvider record in that tree node.  Since peer 2's
   Node-ID is the only Node-ID stored in the tree node (i.e., peer 2's
   Node-ID fulfills the condition in Section 4.3 that it is the
   numerically lowest or highest among the keys stored in the node),
   peer 2 continues up the tree.  In fact, peer 2 continues up in the
   tree all the way to the root inserting its own Node-ID in all levels
   since the tree is empty (which means that peer 2's Node-ID always
   fulfills the condition that it is the numerically lowest or highest
   Node-ID in the interval I(level, 2) during the upward walk).  As
   described in Section 4.3, peer 2 also walks down the tree.  The
   downward walk peer 2 does ends at level 2 since peer 2 is the only
   node in its interval at that level.

   The next peer to join the namespace is peer 3, whose Node-ID is 3.
   Peer 3 starts from level 2.  At that level, peer 3 stores its
   RedirServiceProvider entry in the same interval I(2,3) that already
   contains the RedirServiceProvider entry of peer 2.  Interval I(2,3),
   that is, the interval at Level 2 enclosing key 3, is associated with
   the right hand side interval of the first tree node.  Since peer 3
   has the numerically highest Node-ID in the tree node associated with
   I(2,3), peer 3 continues up the tree.  Peer 3 stores its
   RedirServiceProvider record also at levels 1 and 0 since its Node-ID
   is numerically highest among the Node-IDs stored in the intervals to
   which its own Node-ID belongs.  Peer 3 also does a downward walk
   which starts from level 2 (i.e., the starting level).  Since peer 3
   is not the only node in interval I(2,3), it continues down the tree
   to level 3.  The downward walk ends at this level since peer 3 is the
   only service provider in the interval I(3,3).

   The third peer to join the namespace is peer 7, whose Node-ID is 7.
   Like the two earlier peers, also peer 7 starts from level 2 because
   this is the first registration it performs.  Peer 7 stores its
   RedirServiceProvider record at level 2.  At level 1, peer 7 has the
   numerically highest (and lowest) Node-ID in its interval I(1,7)
   (because it is the only node in interval I(1,7); peers 2 and 3 are
   stored in the same tree node but in a different interval) and
   therefore it stores its Node-ID in the tree node associated with that
   interval.  Peer 7 also has the numerically highest Node-ID in the
   interval I(0,7) associated with its Node-ID at level 0.  Finally,
   peer 7 performs a downward walk, which ends at level 2 because peer 7



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   is the only node in its interval at that level.

   The final peer to join the ReDiR tree is peer 4, whose Node-ID is 4.
   Peer 4 starts by storing its RedirServiceProvider record at level 2.
   Since it has the numerically lowest Node-ID in the tree node
   associated with interval I(2,4), it continues up in the tree to level
   1.  At level 1, peer 4 stores its record in the tree node associated
   with interval I(1,4) because it has the numerically lowest Node-ID in
   that interval.  Next, peer 4 continues to the root level, at which it
   stores its RedirServiceProvider record and finishes the upward walk
   since the root level was reached.  Peer 4 also does a downward walk
   starting from level 2.  The downward walk stops at level 2 because
   peer 4 is the only peer in the interval I(2,4).

7.2.  Service Lookup

   This subsection gives an example of peer 5 whose Node-ID is 5
   performing a service lookup operation in the ReDiR tree shown in
   Figure 2.  This is the first service lookup peer 5 carries out and
   thus the service lookup starts from the default starting level 2.  As
   the first action, peer 5 fetches the tree node corresponding to the
   interval I(2,5) from the starting level.  This interval maps to the
   second tree node from the left at level 2 since that tree node is
   responsible for the interval (third interval from left) to which
   Node-ID 5 falls at level 2.  Having fetched the tree node, peer 5
   checks its contents.  First, there is a successor, peer 7, present in
   the tree node.  Therefore, condition 1 of Section 4.5 is false and
   there is no need to perform an upward walk.  Second, Node-ID 5 is the
   highest Node-ID in its interval, so condition 2 of Section 4.5 is
   also false and there is no need to perform a downward walk.  Thus,
   the service lookup finishes at level 2 since Node-ID 7 is the closest
   successor of peer 5.

   Note that the service lookup procedure would be slightly different if
   peer 5 used level 3 as the starting level.  Peer 5 might use this
   starting level for instance if it has already carried out service
   lookups in the past and follows the heuristic in Section 4.2 to
   select the starting level.  In this case, peer 5's first action is to
   fetch the tree node at level 3 that is responsible for I(3,5).  Thus,
   peer 5 fetches the third tree node from the left.  Since this tree
   node is empty, peer 5 decreases the current level by one to 2 and
   thus continues up in the tree.  The next action peer 5 performs is
   identical to the single action in the previous example of fetching
   the node associated with I(2,5) from level 2.  Thus, the service
   lookup finishes at level 2.






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8.  Overlay Configuration Document Extension

   This document extends the RELOAD overlay configuration document by
   adding a new element "branching-factor" inside the new "REDIR" kind
   element:


   redir:branching-factor:  The branching factor of the ReDir tree.  The
      default value is 10.


   This new element is formally defined as follows:

   namespace redir = "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:p2p:service-discovery"

   parameter &= element redir:branching-factor { xsd:unsignedInt }

   The 'redir' namespace is added into the <mandatory-extension> element
   in the overlay configuration file.


9.  Security Considerations

   There are no new security considerations introduced in this document.
   The security considerations of RELOAD [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base] apply.


10.  IANA Considerations

10.1.  Access Control Policies

   This document introduces one additional access control policy to the
   "RELOAD Access Control Policy" Registry:

                  NODE-ID-MATCH


   This access control policy was described in Section 5.

10.2.  Data Kind-ID

   This document introduces one additional data Kind-ID to the "RELOAD
   Data Kind-ID" Registry:

                  +--------------+------------+----------+
                  | Kind         |    Kind-ID |      RFC |
                  +--------------+------------+----------+
                  | REDIR        |        104 | RFC-AAAA |



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                  +--------------+------------+----------+


   This Kind-ID was defined in Section 6.

10.3.  ReDiR Namespaces

   IANA SHALL create a "ReDiR Namespaces" Registry.  Entries in this
   registry are strings denoting ReDiR namespace values.  The initial
   contents of this registry are:

                  +----------------+----------+
                  | Namespace      |      RFC |
                  +----------------+----------+
                  | turn-server    | RFC-AAAA |
                  +----------------+----------+


   The namespace 'turn-server' is used by nodes that wish to register as
   providers of a TURN relay service in the RELOAD overlay and by nodes
   that wish to discover providers of a TURN relay service from the
   RELOAD overlay.


11.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Marc Petit-Huguenin and Joscha
   Schneider for their comments on the draft.


12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base]
              Jennings, C., Lowekamp, B., Rescorla, E., Baset, S., and
              H. Schulzrinne, "REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD)
              Base Protocol", draft-ietf-p2psip-base-24 (work in
              progress), January 2013.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

12.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-concepts]
              Bryan, D., Willis, D., Shim, E., Matthews, P., and S.
              Dawkins, "Concepts and Terminology for Peer to Peer SIP",



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              draft-ietf-p2psip-concepts-04 (work in progress),
              October 2011.

   [Redir]    Rhea, S., Godfrey, P., Karp, B., Kubiatowicz, J.,
              Ratnasamy, S., Shenker, S., Stoica, I., and H. Yu, "Open
              DHT: A Public DHT Service and Its Uses".


Authors' Addresses

   Jouni Maenpaa
   Ericsson
   Hirsalantie 11
   Jorvas  02420
   Finland

   Email: Jouni.Maenpaa@ericsson.com


   Gonzalo Camarillo
   Ericsson
   Hirsalantie 11
   Jorvas  02420
   Finland

   Email: Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com

























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