Network Working Group M. Jones
Internet-Draft Microsoft
Intended status: Standards Track D. Hardt
Expires: August 29, 2011 independent
D. Recordon
Facebook
February 25, 2011
The OAuth 2.0 Protocol: Bearer Tokens
draft-ietf-oauth-v2-bearer-03
Abstract
This specification describes how to use bearer tokens when accessing
OAuth 2.0 protected resources.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on August 29, 2011.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
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include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Authenticated Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. The Authorization Request Header Field . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2. Form-Encoded Body Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3. URI Query Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4. The WWW-Authenticate Response Header Field . . . . . . . . 7
2.4.1. Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1. Security Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2. Threat Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3. Summary of Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1. OAuth Access Token Type Registration . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1.1. The "Bearer" OAuth Access Token Type . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2. The OAuth Parameters Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2.1. Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2.2. OAuth Parameters Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3. The OAuth Errors Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3.1. Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3.2. Initial Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Appendix A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Appendix B. Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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1. Introduction
OAuth enables clients to access protected resources by obtaining an
access token, which is defined in [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2] as "a string
representing an access authorization issued to the client", rather
than using the resource owner's credentials.
Tokens are issued to clients by an authorization server with the
approval of the resource owner. The client uses the access token to
access the protected resources hosted by the resource server. This
specification describes how to make protected resource requests by
treating an OAuth access token as a bearer token.
This specification defines the use of bearer tokens with OAuth over
HTTP [RFC2616] using TLS [RFC2818]. Other specifications may extend
it for use with other transport protocols.
1.1. Notational Conventions
The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL NOT',
'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
This document uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation of
[I-D.ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging]. Additionally, the following rules
are included from [RFC2617]: auth-param; from [RFC3986]: URI-
Reference; and from [I-D.ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging]: RWS and quoted-
string.
Unless otherwise noted, all the protocol parameter names and values
are case sensitive.
1.2. Terminology
All terms are as defined in [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2].
1.3. Overview
OAuth provides a method for clients to access a protected resource on
behalf of a resource owner. Before a client can access a protected
resource, it must first obtain authorization (access grant) from the
resource owner and then exchange the access grant for an access token
(representing the grant's scope, duration, and other attributes).
The client accesses the protected resource by presenting the access
token to the resource server.
The access token provides an abstraction layer, replacing different
authorization constructs (e.g. username and password, assertion) for
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a single token understood by the resource server. This abstraction
enables issuing access tokens valid for a short time period, as well
as removing the resource server's need to understand a wide range of
authentication schemes.
+--------+ +---------------+
| |--(A)- Authorization Request ->| Resource |
| | | Owner |
| |<-(B)----- Access Grant -------| |
| | +---------------+
| |
| | Access Grant & +---------------+
| |--(C)--- Client Credentials -->| Authorization |
| Client | | Server |
| |<-(D)----- Access Token -------| |
| | +---------------+
| |
| | +---------------+
| |--(E)----- Access Token ------>| Resource |
| | | Server |
| |<-(F)--- Protected Resource ---| |
+--------+ +---------------+
Figure 1: Abstract Protocol Flow
The abstract flow illustrated in Figure 1 describes the overall OAuth
2.0 protocol architecture. The following steps are specified within
this document:
E) The client makes a protected resource request to the resource
server by presenting the access token.
F) The resource server validates the access token, and if valid,
serves the request.
2. Authenticated Requests
Clients make authenticated token requests using the "Authorization"
request header field. Resource servers MUST accept authenticated
requests using the "Bearer" HTTP authentication scheme as described
in Section 2.1, and MAY support additional methods.
Alternatively, clients MAY attempt to include the access token in the
HTTP body when using the "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" content
type as described in Section 2.2 or using the HTTP request URI in the
query component as described in Section 2.3. Resource servers MAY
support these alternative methods.
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Clients SHOULD only use the request body or URI when the
"Authorization" request header field is not available, and MUST NOT
use more than one method to transport the token in each request.
Because of the Security Considerations (Section 3) associated with
the URI method, it SHOULD only be used if no other method is
feasible.
2.1. The Authorization Request Header Field
The "Authorization" request header field is used by clients to make
authenticated token requests. The client uses the "Bearer"
authentication scheme to include the access token in the request.
For example:
GET /resource HTTP/1.1
Host: server.example.com
Authorization: Bearer vF9dft4qmT
The "Authorization" header field uses the framework defined by
[RFC2617] as follows:
credentials = "Bearer" RWS access-token [ RWS 1#auth-param ]
access-token = 1*( quoted-char / <"> )
quoted-char = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "("
/ ")" / "*" / "+" / "-" / "." / "/" / DIGIT
/ ":" / "<" / "=" / ">" / "?" / "@" / ALPHA
/ "[" / "]" / "^" / "_" / "`" / "{" / "|"
/ "}" / "~" / "\" / "," / ";"
2.2. Form-Encoded Body Parameter
When including the access token in the HTTP request entity-body, the
client adds the access token to the request body using the
"oauth_token" parameter. The client can use this method only if the
following REQUIRED conditions are met:
o The HTTP request entity-body is single-part.
o The entity-body follows the encoding requirements of the
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" content-type as defined by
[W3C.REC-html401-19991224].
o The HTTP request entity-header includes the "Content-Type" header
field set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".
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o The HTTP request method is one for which a body is permitted to be
present in the request. In particular, this means that the "GET"
method MAY NOT be used.
The entity-body can include other request-specific parameters, in
which case, the "oauth_token" parameters SHOULD be appended following
the request-specific parameters, properly separated by an "&"
character (ASCII code 38).
For example, the client makes the following HTTP request using
transport-layer security:
POST /resource HTTP/1.1
Host: server.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
oauth_token=vF9dft4qmT
The "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method should typically only
be used in application contexts where participating browsers do not
have access to the "Authorization" request header field.
2.3. URI Query Parameter
When including the access token in the HTTP request URI, the client
adds the access token to the request URI query component as defined
by [RFC3986] using the "oauth_token" parameter.
For example, the client makes the following HTTP request using
transport-layer security:
GET /resource?oauth_token=vF9dft4qmT HTTP/1.1
Host: server.example.com
The HTTP request URI query can include other request-specific
parameters, in which case, the "oauth_token" parameters SHOULD be
appended following the request-specific parameters, properly
separated by an "&" character (ASCII code 38).
For example:
http://example.com/resource?x=y&oauth_token=vF9dft4qmT
Because of the Security Considerations (Section 3) associated with
the URI method, it SHOULD only be used if no other method is
feasible.
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2.4. The WWW-Authenticate Response Header Field
If the protected resource request does not include authentication
credentials, contains an invalid access token, or is malformed, the
resource server MUST include the HTTP "WWW-Authenticate" response
header field. The "WWW-Authenticate" header field uses the framework
defined by [RFC2617] as follows:
challenge = "Bearer" [ RWS 1#param ]
param = scope /
error / error-desc / error-uri /
( token "=" ( token / quoted-string ) )
scope = "scope" "=" <"> scope-v *( SP scope-v ) <">
scope-v = 1*quoted-char
quoted-char = ALPHA / DIGIT /
"!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")" /
"*" / "+" / "-" / "." / "/" / ":" / "<" / "=" /
">" / "?" / "@" / "[" / "]" / "^" / "_" / "`" /
"{" / "|" / "}" / "~" / "\" / "," / ";"
error = "error" "=" quoted-string
error-desc = "error_description" "=" quoted-string
error-uri = "error_uri" = <"> URI-reference <">
The "scope" attribute is a space-delimited list of scope values
indicating the required scope of the access token for accessing the
requested resource. The "scope" attribute MUST NOT appear more than
once.
If the protected resource request included an access token and failed
authentication, the resource server SHOULD include the "error"
attribute to provide the client with the reason why the access
request was declined. The parameter value is described in
Section 2.4.1. In addition, the resource server MAY include the
"error_description" attribute to provide a human-readable
explanation, and the "error_uri" attribute with an absolute URI
identifying a human-readable web page explaining the error. The
"error", "error_description", and "error_uri" attribute MUST NOT
appear more than once.
For example, in response to a protected resource request without
authentication:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Bearer
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And in response to a protected resource request with an
authentication attempt using an expired access token:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Bearer
error="invalid_token",
error_description="The access token expired"
2.4.1. Error Codes
When a request fails, the resource server responds using the
appropriate HTTP status code (typically, 400, 401, or 403), and
includes one of the following error codes in the response:
invalid_request
The request is missing a required parameter, includes an
unsupported parameter or parameter value, repeats the same
parameter, uses more than one method for including an access
token, or is otherwise malformed. The resource server SHOULD
respond with the HTTP 400 (Bad Request) status code.
invalid_token
The access token provided is expired, revoked, malformed, or
invalid for other reasons. The resource SHOULD respond with
the HTTP 401 (Unauthorized) status code. The client MAY
request a new access token and retry the protected resource
request.
insufficient_scope
The request requires higher privileges than provided by the
access token. The resource server SHOULD respond with the HTTP
403 (Forbidden) status code and MAY include the "scope"
attribute with the scope necessary to access the protected
resource.
New errors MUST be separately registered in the OAuth Errors registry
as described by Section 4.3.
If the request lacks any authentication information (i.e. the client
was unaware authentication is necessary or attempted using an
unsupported authentication method), the resource server SHOULD not
include an error code or other error information.
For example:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Bearer
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3. Security Considerations
This section describes the relevant security threats regarding token
handling when using bearer tokens and describes how to mitigate these
threats.
3.1. Security Threats
The following list presents several common threats against protocols
utilizing some form of tokens. This list of threats is based on NIST
Special Publication 800-63 [NIST800-63]. Since this document builds
on the OAuth 2.0 specification, we exclude a discussion of threats
that are described there or in related documents.
Token manufacture/modification: An attacker may generate a bogus
token or modify the token contents (such as the authentication or
attribute statements) of an existing token, causing the resource
server to grant inappropriate access to the client. For example,
an attacker may modify the token to extend the validity period; a
malicious client may modify the assertion to gain access to
information that they should not be able to view.
Token disclosure: Tokens may contain authentication and attribute
statements that include sensitive information.
Token redirect: An attacker uses the token generated for consumption
by resource server to obtain access to another resource server.
Token replay: An attacker attempts to use a token that has already
been used with that resource server in the past.
3.2. Threat Mitigation
A large range of threats can be mitigated by protecting the contents
of the token by using a digital signature or a keyed message digest.
Alternatively, the contents of the token could be passed by reference
rather than by value (requiring a separate message exchange to
resolve the reference to the token contents).
This document does not specify the encoding or the contents of the
token; hence detailed recommendations for token integrity protection
are outside the scope of this document. We assume that the token
integrity protection is sufficient to prevent the token from being
modified.
To deal with token redirect, it is important for the authorization
server to include the identity of the intended recipients, namely a
single resource server (or a list of resource servers). Restricting
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the use of the token to a specific scope is also recommended.
To provide protection against token disclosure, confidentiality
protection is applied via TLS with a ciphersuite that offers
confidentiality protection. This requires that the communication
interaction between the client and the authorization server, as well
as the interaction between the client and the resource server,
utilize confidentiality protection. Since TLS is mandatory to
implement and to use with this specification, it is the preferred
approach for preventing token disclosure via the communication
channel. For those cases where the client is prevented from
observing the contents of the token, token encryption has to be
applied in addition to the usage of TLS protection.
To deal with token capture and replay, the following recommendations
are made: First, the lifetime of the token has to be limited by
putting a validity time field inside the protected part of the token.
Note that using short-lived (one hour or less) tokens significantly
reduces the impact of one of them being leaked. Second,
confidentiality protection of the exchanges between the client and
the authorization server and between the client and the resource
server MUST be applied. As a consequence, no eavesdropper along the
communication path is able to observe the token exchange.
Consequently, such an on-path adversary cannot replay the token.
Furthermore, when presenting the token to a resource server, the
client MUST verify the identity of that resource server. Note that
the client MUST validate the TLS certificate chain when making these
requests to protected resources. Presenting the token to an
unauthenticated and unauthorized resource server or failing to
validate the certificate chain will allow adversaries to steal the
token and gain unauthorized access to protected resources.
3.3. Summary of Recommendations
Safeguard bearer tokens Client implementations MUST ensure that
bearer tokens are not leaked to unintended parties, as they will
be able to use them to gain access to protected resources. This
is the primary security consideration when using bearer tokens
with OAuth and underlies all the more specific recommendations
that follow.
Validate SSL certificate chains The client must validate the TLS
certificate chain when making requests to protected resources.
Failing to do so may enable DNS hijacking attacks to steal the
token and gain unintended access.
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Always use TLS (https) Clients MUST always use TLS (https) when
making requests with bearer tokens. Failing to do so exposes the
token to numerous attacks that could give attackers unintended
access.
Don't store bearer tokens in cookies As cookies are generally sent
in the clear, implementations MUST NOT store bearer tokens within
them.
Issue short-lived bearer tokens Using short-lived (one hour or less)
bearer tokens can reduce the impact of one of them being leaked.
The User-Agent flow should only issue short lived access tokens.
Don't pass bearer tokens in page URLs Browsers, web servers, and
other software may not adequately secure URLs in the browser
history, web server logs, and other data structures. If bearer
tokens are passed in page URLs (typically as query string
parameters), attackers might be able to steal them from the
history data, logs, or other unsecured locations. Instead, pass
browser tokens in message bodies for which confidentiality
measures are taken.
4. IANA Considerations
4.1. OAuth Access Token Type Registration
This specification registers the following access token type in the
OAuth Access Token Type Registry.
4.1.1. The "Bearer" OAuth Access Token Type
Type name:
Bearer
Additional Resource Request Parameters:
oauth_token
HTTP Authentication Scheme(s):
Bearer
Change controller:
IETF
Specification document(s):
[[ this document ]]
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4.2. The OAuth Parameters Registry
This specification augments the OAuth Parameters registry established
by [I-D.ietf-oauth-v2] by adding two additional parameter usage
locations: "resource request" and "resource response".
Additional parameters for inclusion in the resource endpoint request
or the resource endpoint response are registered on the advice of one
or more Designated Experts (appointed by the IESG or their delegate),
with a Specification Required (using terminology from [RFC5226]).
However, to allow for the allocation of values prior to publication,
the Designated Expert(s) may approve registration once they are
satisfied that such a specification will be published.
Registration requests should be sent to the [TBD]@ietf.org mailing
list for review and comment, with an appropriate subject (e.g.,
"Request for parameter: example"). [[ Note to RFC-EDITOR: The name of
the mailing list should be determined in consultation with the IESG
and IANA. Suggested name: oauth-ext-review. ]]
Before a period of 14 days has passed, the Designated Expert(s) will
either approve or deny the registration request, communicating this
decision both to the review list and to IANA. Denials should include
an explanation and, if applicable, suggestions as to how to make the
request successful. Registration requests that are undetermined for
a period longer than 21 days can be brought to the IESG's attention
(using the iesg@iesg.org mailing list) for resolution.
4.2.1. Registration Template
Parameter name:
The name requested (e.g., "example").
Parameter usage location:
The location(s) where parameter can be used. The additional
locations are: resource request, resource response. These are in
addition to the locations authorization request, authorization
response, token request, and token response already established by
[I-D.ietf-oauth-v2].
Change controller:
For standards-track RFCs, state "IETF". For others, give the name
of the responsible party. Other details (e.g., postal address,
e-mail address, home page URI) may also be included.
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Specification document(s):
Reference to document that specifies the parameter, preferably
including a URI that can be used to retrieve a copy of the
document. An indication of the relevant sections may also be
included, but is not required.
4.2.2. OAuth Parameters Registration
This specification registers the following parameters in the OAuth
Parameters Registry.
4.2.2.1. The "oauth_token" OAuth Parameter
Parameter name: oauth_token
Parameter usage location: resource request
Change controller: IETF
Specification document(s): [[ this document ]]
Related information: None
4.2.2.2. The "error" OAuth Parameter
Parameter name: error
Parameter usage location: authorization response, token response,
resource response
Change controller: IETF
Specification document(s): [[ this document ]]
Related information: None
4.3. The OAuth Errors Registry
This specification establishes the OAuth Errors registry.
Additional errors for inclusion in the authorization endpoint
response, the token endpoint response, or the resource endpoint
response are registered on the advice of one or more Designated
Experts (appointed by the IESG or their delegate), with a
Specification Required (using terminology from [RFC5226]). However,
to allow for the allocation of values prior to publication, the
Designated Expert(s) may approve registration once they are satisfied
that such a specification will be published.
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Registration requests should be sent to the [TBD]@ietf.org mailing
list for review and comment, with an appropriate subject (e.g.,
"Request for error: example"). [[ Note to RFC-EDITOR: The name of the
mailing list should be determined in consultation with the IESG and
IANA. Suggested name: oauth-ext-review. ]]
Before a period of 14 days has passed, the Designated Expert(s) will
either approve or deny the registration request, communicating this
decision both to the review list and to IANA. Denials should include
an explanation and, if applicable, suggestions as to how to make the
request successful. Registration requests that are undetermined for
a period longer than 21 days can be brought to the IESG's attention
(using the iesg@iesg.org mailing list) for resolution.
4.3.1. Registration Template
Error name:
The name requested (e.g., "example").
Error usage location:
The location(s) where error can be used. The possible locations
are: authorization response, token response, resource response.
Change controller:
For standards-track RFCs, state "IETF". For others, give the name
of the responsible party. Other details (e.g., postal address,
e-mail address, home page URI) may also be included.
Specification document(s):
Reference to document that specifies the error, preferably
including a URI that can be used to retrieve a copy of the
document. An indication of the relevant sections may also be
included, but is not required.
4.3.2. Initial Registry Contents
The OAuth Errors Registry's initial contents are:
o Error name: invalid_request
o Error usage location: resource response
o Change controller: IETF
o Specification document(s): [[ this document ]]
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o Error name: invalid_token
o Error usage location: resource response
o Change controller: IETF
o Specification document(s): [[ this document ]]
o Error name: insufficient_scope
o Error usage location: resource response
o Change controller: IETF
o Specification document(s): [[ this document ]]
5. References
5.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging]
Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Nielsen, H.,
Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., and J. Reschke,
"HTTP/1.1, part 1: URIs, Connections, and Message
Parsing", draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-09 (work in
progress), March 2010.
[I-D.ietf-oauth-v2]
Hammer-Lahav, E., Recordon, D., and D. Hardt, "The OAuth
2.0 Authorization Protocol", draft-ietf-oauth-v2-13 (work
in progress), February 2011.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2616] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
[RFC2617] Franks, J., Hallam-Baker, P., Hostetler, J., Lawrence, S.,
Leach, P., Luotonen, A., and L. Stewart, "HTTP
Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication",
RFC 2617, June 1999.
[RFC2818] Rescorla, E., "HTTP Over TLS", RFC 2818, May 2000.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
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Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, January 2005.
[RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
May 2008.
[W3C.REC-html401-19991224]
Raggett, D., Hors, A., and I. Jacobs, "HTML 4.01
Specification", World Wide Web Consortium
Recommendation REC-html401-19991224, December 1999,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224>.
5.2. Informative References
[NIST800-63]
Burr, W., Dodson, D., Perlner, R., Polk, T., Gupta, S.,
and E. Nabbus, "NIST Special Publication 800-63-1,
INFORMATION SECURITY", December 2008.
Appendix A. Acknowledgements
The following people contributed to preliminary versions of this
document: Blaine Cook (BT), Brian Eaton (Google), Yaron Goland
(Microsoft), Brent Goldman (Facebook), Raffi Krikorian (Twitter),
Luke Shepard (Facebook), and Allen Tom (Yahoo!). The content and
concepts within are a product of the OAuth community, the WRAP
community, and the OAuth Working Group.
The OAuth Working Group has dozens of very active contributors who
proposed ideas and wording for this document, including: Michael
Adams, Andrew Arnott, Dirk Balfanz, Brian Campbell, Leah Culver, Bill
de hOra, Brian Ellin, Igor Faynberg, George Fletcher, Tim Freeman,
Evan Gilbert, Justin Hart, John Kemp, Eran Hammer-Lahav, Chasen Le
Hara, Michael B. Jones, Torsten Lodderstedt, Eve Maler, James Manger,
Laurence Miao, Chuck Mortimore, Anthony Nadalin, Justin Richer, Peter
Saint-Andre, Nat Sakimura, Rob Sayre, Marius Scurtescu, Naitik Shah,
Justin Smith, Jeremy Suriel, Christian Stuebner, Paul Tarjan, and
Franklin Tse.
Appendix B. Document History
[[ to be removed by RFC editor before publication as an RFC ]]
-03
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Internet-Draft OAuth 2.0 Bearer Tokens February 2011
o Restored the WWW-Authenticate response header functionality
deleted from the framework specification in draft 12 based upon
the specification text from draft 11.
o Augmented the OAuth Parameters registry by adding two additional
parameter usage locations: "resource request" and "resource
response".
o Registered the "oauth_token" OAuth parameter with usage location
"resource request".
o Registered the "error" OAuth parameter.
o Created the OAuth Error registry and registered errors.
o Changed the "OAuth2" OAuth access token type name to "Bearer".
-02
o Incorporated feedback received on draft 01. Most changes were to
the security considerations section. No normative changes were
made. Specific changes included:
o Changed terminology from "token reuse" to "token capture and
replay".
o Removed sentence "Encrypting the token contents is another
alternative" from the security considerations since it was
redundant and potentially confusing.
o Corrected some references to "resource server" to be
"authorization server" in the security considerations.
o Generalized security considerations language about obtaining
consent of the resource owner.
o Broadened scope of security considerations description for
recommendation "Don't pass bearer tokens in page URLs".
o Removed unused reference to OAuth 1.0.
o Updated reference to framework specification and updated David
Recordon's e-mail address.
o Removed security considerations text on authenticating clients.
o Registered the "OAuth2" OAuth access token type and "oauth_token"
parameter.
Jones, et al. Expires August 29, 2011 [Page 17]
Internet-Draft OAuth 2.0 Bearer Tokens February 2011
-01
o First public draft, which incorporates feedback received on -00
including enhanced Security Considerations content. This version
is intended to accompany OAuth 2.0 draft 11.
-00
o Initial draft based on preliminary version of OAuth 2.0 draft 11.
Authors' Addresses
Michael B. Jones
Microsoft
Email: mbj@microsoft.com
URI: http://self-issued.info/
Dick Hardt
independent
Email: dick.hardt@gmail.com
URI: http://dickhardt.org/
David Recordon
Facebook
Email: dr@fb.com
URI: http://www.davidrecordon.com/
Jones, et al. Expires August 29, 2011 [Page 18]
