IS-IS for IP Internets P. Sarkar, Ed.
Internet-Draft H. Gredler
Intended status: Standards Track S. Hegde
Expires: September 10, 2015 Juniper Networks, Inc.
S. Litkowski
B. Decraene
Orange
Z. Li
Huawei Technologies
E. Aries
R. Rodriguez
Facebook
H. Raghuveer
March 9, 2015
Advertising Per-node Admin Tags in IS-IS
draft-ietf-isis-node-admin-tag-01
Abstract
This document describes an extension to IS-IS protocol [ISO10589],
[RFC1195] to add an optional operational capability, that allows
tagging and grouping of the nodes in an IS-IS domain. This allows
simple management and easy control over route and path selection,
based on local configured policies.
This document describes the protocol extensions to disseminate per-
node administrative tags in IS-IS protocols.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
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time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 10, 2015.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Administrative Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. TLV format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Per-node Admin Tag sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. Elements of Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. Introduction
This document provides mechanisms to advertise per-node
administrative tags in the IS-IS Link State PDU [RFC1195]. In
certain path-selection applications like for example in traffic-
engineering or LFA [RFC5286] selection there is a need to tag the
nodes based on their roles in the network and have policies to prefer
or prune a certain group of nodes.
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2. Administrative Tag
For the purpose of advertising per-node administrative tags within
IS-IS, a new sub-TLV to the IS-IS Router Capability TLV-242 that is
defined in [RFC4971] is proposed. Path selection is a functional set
which applies both to TE and non-TE applications. Per-node
administrative tags are used to advertise an attribute of the node.
As such they are independent of the routing protocol used to
advertise them. Because per-node administrative tags may be used to
advertise many different attributes, associating the advertisement to
TLVs specific to a particular use case (e.g. TE extensions to IS-
Neighbors TLVs [RFC5305] in the case of TE path selection) is not
appropriate.
An administrative Tag is a 32-bit integer value that can be used to
identify a group of nodes in the IS-IS domain. The new sub-TLV
specifies one or more administrative tag values. An IS-IS router
advertises the set of groups it is part of in the specific IS-IS
level. As an example, all PE-nodes may be configured with certain
tag value, whereas all P-nodes are configured with a different tag
value.
The new sub-TLV defined will be carried inside the IS-IS Router
Capability TLV-242 [RFC4971]) in the Link State PDUs originated by
the router. Link State PDUs [ISO10589] can be either flooded within
the specific level (i.e. L1 or L2) or can be relayed across from one
level to another. Per-node administrative tags included in a TLV 242
to be distributed within the specific level are perceived to have
'level-wide' scope only. On the other hand, per-node administrative
tag included in a TLV 242 to be distributed across levels are
perceived to have 'domain-wide' scope.
Choosing the flooding scope to be associate with group tags are
defined by the needs of the operator's usage and is a matter of local
policy or configuration. Operator may choose to advertise a set of
per-node administrative tags across levels and another set of per-
node administrative tags within the specific level. But evidently
the same set of per-node administrative tags cannot be advertised
both across levels and within a specific level. A receiving IS-IS
router will not be able to distinguish between the significance of a
per-node administrative tag advertised globally from that of an
administrative tag advertised locally if they have the same value
associated but different significance across different scopes.
Implementations SHOULD allow configuring one or more per-node
administrative tags to be advertised from a given device along with
the floofing scope associated with the same. It SHOULD allow
provisioning a set of per-node administrative tags having a 'domain-
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wide' flooding scope, as well as, a set of per-node administrative
tags with 'level-wide' flooding scope only. A given per-node
administrative tag MAY be advertised with level-specific scope
(Level-1 and/or Level-2) or with domain-wide scope, but MUST NOT be
advertised in both scopes. Hence implementations MUST NOT allow
configuring the same per-node administrative tag values in both
'domain-wide' and 'level-wide' scopes. However the same
administrative tag value MAY be allowed under multiple levels with
'level-wide' scope.
In deployments using multi-topology routing [RFC5120], since multiple
topologies within same IS-IS level do not use seprate Router
Capability TLVs (i.e. they share the same flooding scope) a given
per-node administrative tag cannot be associated with different
charateristic or attribute under different topology.
Implementations, in addition to letting user configuring a set of
'level-wide' and 'domain-wide' per-node administrative tags for each
level, MAY also allow configuring a set of 'level-wide' and 'domain-
wide' tags for each topology. Operators may like to associate a
single per-node administrative tag with same attribute across all
topologies under a specific (or all) levels. The same should be
provisioned under specific 'level-wide' (or 'domain-wide')
configurations. However advertising the same tag value across
multiple topologies will lead to same inconsistencies as with the
case of advertising same tag value across 'domain-wide' and 'level-
wide' flooding scope. Hence such implementations that allow
configuring topology-specific per-node administrative tags, MUST NOT
allow configuring the same topology-specific per-node administrative
tag across different topologies. They MUST only allow disjoint sets
of topology-specific 'level-wide' and 'domain-wide' per-node
administrative tags across different topologies.
3. TLV format
3.1. Per-node Admin Tag sub-TLV
The new Per-node Administrative Tag sub-TLV, like other ISIS
Capability sub-TLVs, is formatted as Type/Length/Value (TLV)triplets.
Figure 1 below shows the format of the new sub-TLV.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Administrative Tag #1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Administrative Tag #2 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// //
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Administrative Tag #N |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type : TBA
Length: A 8-bit field that indicates the length of the value
portion in octets and will be a multiple of 4 octets
dependent on the number of tags advertised.
Value: A sequence of multiple 4 octets defining the
administrative tags.
Figure 1: IS-IS Per-node Administrative Tag sub-TLV
The 'Per-node Admin Tag' sub-TLV may be generated more than once by
an originating router. This MAY happen if a node carries more than
63 per-node administrative groups and a single sub-TLV does not
provide sufficient space. As such occurence of the 'Per-node Admin
Tag' sub-TLV does not cancel previous announcements, but rather is
cumulative.
4. Elements of Procedure
Meaning of the Per-node administrative tags is generally opaque to
IS-IS. Router advertising the per-node administrative tag (or tags)
may be configured to do so without knowing (or even explicitly
supporting) functionality implied by the tag.
Interpretation of tag values is specific to the administrative domain
of a particular network operator. The meaning of a per-node
administrative tag is defined by the network local policy and is
controlled via the configuration. If a receiving node does not
understand the tag value, it ignores the specific tag and floods the
Router Capability TLV without any change as defined in [RFC4971].
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The semantics of the tag order has no meaning. There is no implied
meaning to the ordering of the tags that indicates a certain
operation or set of operations that need to be performed based on the
ordering.
Each tag SHOULD be treated as an independent identifier that MAY be
used in policy to perform a policy action. Tags carried by the
administrative tag TLV SHOULD be used to indicate independent
characteristics of a node. The TLV SHOULD be considered as an
unordered list. Whilst policies may be implemented based on the
presence of multiple tags (e.g., if tag A AND tag B are present),
they MUST NOT be reliant upon the order of the tags (i.e., all
policies should be considered commutative operations, such that tag A
preceding or following tag B does not change their outcome).
As mentioned earlier, to avoid incomplete or inconsistent
interpretations of the per-node administrative tags the same tag
value MUST NOT be advertised by a router in Router Capabilities of
different scopes. Implementations MUST NOT allow configuring the
same tag value across domain-wide and 'level-wide' scopes. The same
tag value MAY be allowed to be configured and advertised under
'level-wide' scope for all levels. A IS-IS Area Border Router (ABR)
participating in both levels 1 and 2 MAY advertise the same tag value
in the level-specific Router Capability TLVs with 'level-wide' scope
generated by it. But the same tag value MUST not be advertised in
any of level 1 or level 2 Router-Capability TLV with 'domain-wide'
flooding scope (refer to [RFC4971] for more details).
The per-node administrative tags sub-TLV don't need to be extended to
advertise newer per-node attributes or capabilities in future.
Future IS-IS protocol extensions MUST NOT require use of per-node
administrative tags or define well-known tag values to advertise
well-known capabilities. Per-node administrative tags are for
generic use and do not require IANA registry. Theny future IS-IS
extensions requiring well known values to advertise well-known
capabilities MAY define and use new Router Capability sub-TLVs
tailored to the needs of the specific solution (refer to [RFC4971]
for more details).
Being part of the Router Capability TLV, the per-node administrative
tag sub-TLV MUST be reasonably small and stable. In particular, but
not limited to, implementations supporting the per-node
administrative tags MUST NOT associate advertised tags to changes in
the network topology (both within and outside the IS-IS domain) or
reachability of routes.
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5. Applications
This section lists several examples of how implementations might use
the Per-node administrative tags. These examples are given only to
demonstrate generic usefulness of the router tagging mechanism.
Implementation supporting this specification is not required to
implement any of the use cases. It is also worth noting that in some
described use cases routers configured to advertise tags help other
routers in their calculations but do not themselves implement the
same functionality.
1. Auto-discovery of Services
Router tagging may be used to automatically discover group of
routers sharing a particular service.
For example, service provider might desire to establish full mesh
of MPLS TE tunnels between all PE routers in the area of MPLS VPN
network. Marking all PE routers with a tag and configuring
devices with a policy to create MPLS TE tunnels to all other
devices advertising this tag will automate maintenance of the
full mesh. When new PE router is added to the area, all other PE
devices will open TE tunnels to it without the need of
reconfiguring them.
2. Policy-based Fast-Reroute
Increased deployment of Loop Free Alternates (LFA) as defined in
[RFC5286] poses operation and management challenges.
[I-D.ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability] proposes policies which, when
implemented, will ease LFA operation concerns.
One of the proposed refinements is to be able to group the nodes
in IGP domain with administrative tags and engineer the LFA based
on configured policies.
(a) Administrative limitation of LFA scope
Service provider access infrastructure is frequently designed
in layered approach with each layer of devices serving
different purposes and thus having different hardware
capabilities and configured software features. When LFA
repair paths are being computed, it may be desirable to
exclude devices from being considered as LFA candidates based
on their layer.
For example, if the access infrastructure is divided into the
Access, Distribution and Core layers it may be desirable for
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a Distribution device to compute LFA only via Distribution or
Core devices but not via Access devices. This may be due to
features enabled on Access routers; due to capacity
limitations or due to the security requirements. Managing
such a policy via configuration of the router computing LFA
is cumbersome and error prone.
With the Per-node administrative tags it is possible to
assign a tag to each layer and implement LFA policy of
computing LFA repair paths only via neighbors which advertise
the Core or Distribution tag. This requires minimal per-node
configuration and network automatically adapts when new links
or routers are added.
(b) Optimizing LFA calculations
Calculation of LFA paths may require significant resources of
the router. One execution of Dijkstra algorithm is required
for each neighbor eligible to become next hop of repair
paths. Thus a router with a few hundreds of neighbors may
need to execute the algorithm hundreds of times before the
best (or even valid) repair path is found. Manually
excluding from the calculation neighbors which are known to
provide no valid LFA (such as single-connected routers) may
significantly reduce number of Dijkstra algorithm runs.
LFA calculation policy may be configured so that routers
advertising certain tag value are excluded from LFA
calculation even if they are otherwise suitable.
3. Controlling Remote LFA tunnel termination
[I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa] proposed method of tunneling traffic
after connected link failure to extend the basic LFA coverage and
algorithm to find tunnel tail-end routers fitting LFA
requirement. In most cases proposed algorithm finds more than
one candidate tail-end router. In real life network it may be
desirable to exclude some nodes from the list of candidates based
on the local policy. This may be either due to known limitations
of the per-node (the router does accept targeted LDP sessions
required to implement Remote LFA tunneling) or due to
administrative requirements (for example, it may be desirable to
choose tail-end router among co-located devices).
The Per-node administrative tag delivers simple and scalable
solution. Remote LFA can be configured with a policy to accept
during the tail-end router calculation as candidates only routers
advertising certain tag. Tagging routers allows to both exclude
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nodes not capable of serving as Remote LFA tunnel tail-ends and
to define a region from which tail-end router must be selected.
4. Mobile backhaul network service deployment
The topology of mobile backhaul network usually adopts ring
topology to save fiber resource and it is divided into the
aggregate network and the access network. Cell Site
Gateways(CSGs) connects the eNodeBs and RNC(Radio Network
Controller) Site Gateways(RSGs)connects the RNCs. The mobile
traffic is transported from CSGs to RSGs. The network takes a
typical aggregate traffic model that more than one access rings
will attach to one pair of aggregate site gateways(ASGs) and more
than one aggregate rings will attach to one pair of RSGs.
----------------
/ \
/ \
/ \
+------+ +----+ Access +----+
|eNodeB|---|CSG1| Ring 1 |ASG1|-------------
+------+ +----+ +----+ \
\ / \
\ / +----+ +---+
\ +----+ |RSG1|----|RNC|
-------------| | Aggregate +----+ +---+
|ASG2| Ring |
-------------| | +----+ +---+
/ +----+ |RSG2|----|RNC|
/ \ +----+ +---+
/ \ /
+------+ +----+ Access +----+ /
|eNodeB|---|CSG2| Ring 2 |ASG3|------------
+------+ +----+ +----+
\ /
\ /
\ /
-----------------
Figure 2: Mobile Backhaul Network
A typical mobile backhaul network with access rings and aggregate
links is shown in figure above. The mobile backhaul networks
deploy traffic engineering due to the strict Service Level
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Agreements(SLA). The TE paths may have additional constraints to
avoid passing via different access rings or to get completely
disjoint backup TE paths. The mobile backhaul networks towards
the access side change frequently due to the growing mobile
traffic and addition of new eNodeBs. It's complex to satisfy the
requirements using cost, link color or explicit path
configurations. The per-node administrative tag defined in this
document can be effectively used to solve the problem for mobile
backhaul networks. The nodes in different rings can be assigned
with specific tags. TE path computation can be enhanced to
consider additional constraints based on per-node administrative
tags.
5. Policy-based Explicit Routing
Partially meshed network provides multiple paths between any two
nodes in the network. In a data center environment, the topology
is usually highly symmetric with many/all paths having equal
cost. In a long distance network, this is usually less the case
for a variety of reasons (e.g. historic, fiber availability
constraints, different distances between transit nodes, different
roles ...). Hence between a given source and destination, a path
is typically preferred over the others, while between the same
source and another destination, a different path may be
preferred.
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+--------------------+
| |
| +----------+ |
| | | |
T-10-T | |
/| /| | |
/ | / | | |
--+ | | | | |
/ +--+-+ 100 | |
/ / | | | |
/ / R-18-R | |
/ / /\ /\ | |
/ | / \ / \ | |
/ | / x \ | |
A-25-A 10 10 \ \ | |
/ / 10 10 | |
/ / \ \ | |
A-25-A A-25-A | |
\ \ / / | |
201 201 201 201 | |
\ \ / / | |
\ x / | |
\ / \ / | |
\/ \/ | |
I-24-I 100 100
| | | |
| +-----------+ |
| |
+---------------------+
Figure 3: Explicit Routing topology
In the above topology, operator may want to enforce the following
high level explicitly routed policies: - Traffic from A nodes to
A nodes must not go through I nodes - Traffic from A nodes to I
nodes must not go through R and T nodes with per-node
administrative tag, tag A can be configured on all A nodes,
(similarly I, R, T), and then configure this single CSPF policy
on all A nodes to avoid I nodes for path calculation.
6. Security Considerations
This document does not introduce any further security issues other
than those discussed in [ISO10589] and [RFC1195].
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7. IANA Considerations
IANA maintains the registry for the Router Capability sub-TLVs. IS-
IS Administrative Tags will require new type code for the following
new sub-TLV defined in this document.
i) Per-Node-Admin-Tag Sub-TLV, Type: TBD
8. Acknowledgments
Many thanks to Les Ginsberg, Dhruv Dhody, Uma Chunduri for useful
inputs. Thanks to Chris Bowers for providing useful inputs to remove
ambiguity related to tag-ordering.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[ISO10589]
"Intermediate system to Intermediate system intra-domain
routeing information exchange protocol for use in
conjunction with the protocol for providing the
connectionless-mode Network Service (ISO 8473), ISO/IEC
10589:2002, Second Edition.", Nov 2002.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
9.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-rtgwg-lfa-manageability]
Litkowski, S., Decraene, B., Filsfils, C., Raza, K.,
Horneffer, M., and p. psarkar@juniper.net, "Operational
management of Loop Free Alternates", draft-ietf-rtgwg-lfa-
manageability-04 (work in progress), August 2014.
[I-D.ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa]
Bryant, S., Filsfils, C., Previdi, S., Shand, M., and N.
So, "Remote LFA FRR", draft-ietf-rtgwg-remote-lfa-09 (work
in progress), December 2014.
[RFC1195] Callon, R., "Use of OSI IS-IS for routing in TCP/IP and
dual environments", RFC 1195, December 1990.
[RFC4971] Vasseur, JP., Shen, N., and R. Aggarwal, "Intermediate
System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Extensions for
Advertising Router Information", RFC 4971, July 2007.
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[RFC5120] Przygienda, T., Shen, N., and N. Sheth, "M-ISIS: Multi
Topology (MT) Routing in Intermediate System to
Intermediate Systems (IS-ISs)", RFC 5120, February 2008.
[RFC5286] Atlas, A. and A. Zinin, "Basic Specification for IP Fast
Reroute: Loop-Free Alternates", RFC 5286, September 2008.
[RFC5305] Li, T. and H. Smit, "IS-IS Extensions for Traffic
Engineering", RFC 5305, October 2008.
Authors' Addresses
Pushpasis Sarkar (editor)
Juniper Networks, Inc.
Electra, Exora Business Park
Bangalore, KA 560103
India
Email: psarkar@juniper.net
Hannes Gredler
Juniper Networks, Inc.
1194 N. Mathilda Ave.
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
US
Email: hannes@juniper.net
Shraddha Hegde
Juniper Networks, Inc.
Electra, Exora Business Park
Bangalore, KA 560103
India
Email: shraddha@juniper.net
Stephane Litkowski
Orange
Email: stephane.litkowski@orange.com
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Bruno Decraene
Orange
Email: bruno.decraene@orange.com
Li Zhenbin
Huawei Technologies
Huawei Bld. No.156 Beiqing Rd
Beijing, KA 100095
China
Email: lizhenbin@huawei.com
Ebben Aries
Facebook
Email: exa@fb.com
Rafael Rodriguez
Facebook
Email: rafael@fb.com
Harish Raghuveer
Email: harish.r.prabhu@gmail.com
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