Network Working Group                                      Paul E. Jones
Internet Draft                                         Gonzalo Salgueiro
Intended status: Informational                                James Polk
Expires: July 9, 2013                                      Cisco Systems
                                                             Laura Liess
                                                        Deutsche Telekom
                                                          Hadriel Kaplan
                                                             Acme Packet
                                                         January 9, 2013


         Requirements for an End-to-End Session Identification in
                IP-Based Multimedia Communication Networks
                draft-ietf-insipid-session-id-reqts-04.txt


Abstract

   This document specifies the requirements for an end-to-end session
   identifier in IP-based multimedia communication networks.  This
   identifier would enable endpoints, intermediate devices, and
   management and monitoring systems to identify a session end-to-end
   across multiple SIP devices, hops, and administrative domains.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on July 9, 2013.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors. All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of


Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                   [Page 1]


Internet-Draft  Requirements for End-To-End Session ID      January 2013


   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1. Introduction...................................................2
   2. Conventions used in this document..............................3
   3. Terminology....................................................3
   4. Session Identifier Use Cases...................................4
      4.1. End-to-end identification of a communication session......4
      4.2. Protocol Interworking.....................................4
      4.3. Traffic Monitoring........................................4
      4.4. Tracking transferred sessions.............................5
      4.5. Session Signal Logging....................................5
      4.6. Identifier Syntax.........................................6
      4.7. 3PCC Use Case.............................................6
   5. Requirements for the End-to-End Session Identifier.............6
   6. Related Work in other Standards Organizations..................7
      6.1. Coordination with the ITU-T...............................7
      6.2. Requirements within 3GPP..................................8
   7. Security Considerations........................................8
   8. IANA Considerations............................................8
   9. Acknowledgments................................................8
   10. Contributors..................................................8
   11. References....................................................9
      11.1. Normative References.....................................9
      11.2. Informative References...................................9
   Author's Addresses...............................................10

1. Introduction

   IP-based multimedia communication systems like SIP [1] and H.323 [2]
   have the concept of a "call identifier" that is globally unique.  The
   identifier is intended to represents an end-to-end communication
   session from the originating device to the terminating device.  Such
   an identifier is useful for troubleshooting, billing, session
   tracking, and so forth.

   Unfortunately, there are a number of factors that contribute to the
   fact that the current call identifiers defined in SIP and H.323 are
   not suitable for end-to-end session identification.  Perhaps most
   significant is the fact that the syntax for the call identifier in
   SIP and H.323 is different between the two protocols.  This important
   fact makes it impossible for call identifiers to be exchanged end-to-
   end when a network utilizes one or more session protocols.


Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                   [Page 2]


Internet-Draft  Requirements for End-To-End Session ID      January 2013


   Another reason why the current call identifiers are not suitable to
   identify the session end-to-end is that in real-world deployments
   devices like Back-to-Back User Agents often change the values as the
   session signaling passes through.  This is true even when a single
   session protocol is employed and not a byproduct of protocol
   interworking.

   Lastly, identifiers that might have been used to identify a session
   end-to-end fail to meet that need when sessions are manipulated
   through supplementary service interactions.  For example, when a
   session is transferred or if a PBX joins or merges two communication
   sessions together locally, the end-to-end properties of currently-
   defined identifiers are lost.

2. Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [3] when they
   appear in ALL CAPS.  These words may also appear in this document in
   lower case as plain English words, absent their normative meanings.

3. Terminology

   SIP defines additional terms used in this document that are specific
   to the SIP domain such as "proxy"; "registrar"; "redirect server";
   "user agent server" or "UAS"; "user agent client" or "UAC"; "user
   agent" (UA); "back-to-back user agent" or "B2BUA"; "dialog";
   "transaction"; "server transaction".

   In this document, the word "session" refers to a "communication
   session" that may exist between two SIP user agents and that may pass
   through one or more intermediary devices, including B2BUAs or SIP
   proxies. A communication session consists of one of more SIP
   transactions. A very simple communication session may be a single
   out-of-dialog SIP transaction (e.g., MESSAGE/200).  In the case of a
   SIP dialog, the SIP message exchange includes a dialog creating
   INVITE transaction, and zero of more subsequent SIP transactions
   within the same dialog (e.g., ACK, re-INVITE, BYE).  Due to the
   existence of middle boxes, there may be multiple related SIP
   transactions or dialogs chained together along the path from one end
   of the communication session to the other. For example:

                  A               Middlebox               B
                  SIP trans1 -----------------> SIP trans 2
                  SIP dialog 1 <-------------- SIP dialog 2

             Figure 1 - Communication Session through a Middlebox



Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                   [Page 3]


Internet-Draft  Requirements for End-To-End Session ID      January 2013




   In such cases, the two SIP transactions or dialogs are part of a
   single communication session.



   The term "end-to-end" in this document means the communication
   session from the point of origin, passing through any number of
   intermediaries, to the ultimate point of termination. It is
   recognized that legacy devices may not support the "end-to-end"
   session identifier, though an identifier might be created by an
   intermediary when it is absent from the session signaling.

4. Session Identifier Use Cases

4.1. End-to-end identification of a communication session

   For SIP messaging that either does not involve SIP servers or only
   involves SIP proxies, the Call-ID header value sufficiently
   identifies each SIP message within a transaction or dialog. This is
   not the case when either B2BUAs or SBCs are in the signaling path
   between UAs. Therefore, we need the ability to identify each
   communication session through a single SIP header-value regardless of
   which type of SIP servers are in the signaling path between UAs. For
   transactions that create a dialog, each message within the same
   dialog MUST use the same identifier.

   Derived Requirements: All Requirements in Section 4

4.2. Protocol Interworking

   A communication session might originate in an H.323 endpoint and pass
   through a Session Border Controller before ultimately reaching a
   terminating SIP user agent. Likewise, a call might originate on a SIP
   user agent and terminate on an H.323 endpoint. It MUST be possible to
   identify such sessions end-to-end across the plurality of devices,
   networks, or administrative domains.

   It is expected that the ITU-T will define protocol elements for H.323
   to make the end-to-end signaling possible.

   Derived Requirements: REQ5, REQ7

4.3. Traffic Monitoring

   UA A and UA B communicate using SIP messaging with a SIP B2BUA acting
   as a middlebox which belongs to a SIP service provider. For privacy
   reasons, the B2BUA changes the SIP headers that reveal information


Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                   [Page 4]


Internet-Draft  Requirements for End-To-End Session ID      January 2013


   related to the SIP users, device or domain identity. The service
   provider uses an external device to monitor and log all SIP traffic
   coming to and from the B2BUA.  In the case of failures reported by
   the customer or when security issue arise (e.g. theft of service),
   the service provider has to analyze the logs from the past several
   days or weeks and correlates those messages which were messages for a
   single end-to-end SIP session.

   For this scenario, we must consider three particular use cases:

     a) The UAs A and B support the end-to-end Session Identifier.

        Derived Requirements: REQ1, REQ3, REQ4, REQ6.

     b) Only the UA A supports the end-to-end Session Identifier, the UA
        B does not.

        Derived Requirements: REQ1, REQ3, REQ4, REQ5, REQ6.

     c) UA A and UA B do not support the end-to-end Session Identifier.

        Derived Requirements: REQ1, REQ3, REQ4, REQ5, REQ6

4.4. Tracking transferred sessions

   It is difficult to track which SIP messages where involved in the
   same call across transactions, especially when invoking supplementary
   services such as call transfer or call join. There exists a need for
   the ability to track communications sessions as they are transferred,
   one side at a time, until completion of the session (i.e., until a
   BYE is sent).

   Derived Requirements: REQ1, REQ2, REQ9

4.5. Session Signal Logging

   An after-the-fact search of SIP messages to determine which messages
   were part of the same transaction or call is difficult when B2BUAs
   and SBCs are involved in the signaling between UAs.  Mapping more
   than one Call-ID together can be challenging because all of the
   values in SIP headers on one side of the B2BUA or SBC will likely be
   different than those on the other side.  If multiple B2BUAs and/or
   SBCs are in the signaling path, more than two sets of header values
   will exist, creating more of a challenge.  Creating a common header
   value through all SIP entities will greatly reduce any challenge for
   the purposes of debugging, communication tracking (such as for
   security purposes in case of theft of service), etc.

   Derived Requirements: REQ1, REQ3, REQ5, REQ6


Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                   [Page 5]


Internet-Draft  Requirements for End-To-End Session ID      January 2013


4.6. Identifier Syntax

   A syntax that is too restrictive (e.g., one that allows special
   characters or a very long identifier) would make it difficult to
   encode the identifier in other protocols.  Therefore, the syntax of
   the identifier should be reasonably restrictive.

   Derived Requirements: REQ8

4.7. 3PCC Use Case

   Third party call control refers to the ability of an entity to create
   a call in which communication is actually between two or more
   parties. For example, a B2BUA acting as a third party controller
   could establish a call between two SIP UA's using 3PCC procedures as
   described in section 4.1 of RFC 3725 [7], the flow for which is
   reproduced below.

                 A              Controller               B
                 |(1) INVITE no SDP  |                   |
                 |<------------------|                   |
                 |(2) 200 offer1     |                   |
                 |------------------>|                   |
                 |                   |(3) INVITE offer1  |
                 |                   |------------------>|
                 |                   |(4) 200 OK answer1 |
                 |                   |<------------------|
                 |                   |(5) ACK            |
                 |                   |------------------>|
                 |(6) ACK answer1    |                   |
                 |<------------------|                   |
                 |(7) RTP            |                   |
                 |.......................................|

                    Figure 2 - Session-ID 3PCC Scenario

   Such a flow must result in a single session identifier being used for
   the communication session between UA A and UA B. This use case does
   not extend to three SIP UAs.

   Derived Requirements: REQ9

5. Requirements for the End-to-End Session Identifier

   The following requirements are derived from the use cases and
   additional constraints regarding the construction of the identifier.

   REQ1: It must be possible for an administrator or an external device
   which monitors the SIP-traffic to use the identifier to identify


Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                   [Page 6]


Internet-Draft  Requirements for End-To-End Session ID      January 2013


   those dialogs, transactions and messages which were at some point in
   time components of a single end-to-end SIP session (e.g., parts of
   the same call).

   REQ2: It must be possible to correlate two end-to-end sessions when a
   session is transferred or if two different sessions are joined
   together via an intermediary (e.g., a PBX).

   REQ3: The solution must require that the identifier, if present, pass
   unchanged through SIP B2BUAs or other intermediaries.

   REQ4: The identifier must not reveal any information related to any
   SIP user, device or domain identity.  This includes any IP Address,
   port, hostname, domain name, username, Address-of-Record, MAC
   address, IP address family, transport type, subscriber ID, Call-ID,
   tags, or other SIP header or body parts.

   REQ5: It must be possible to identity SIP traffic with an end-to-end
   session identifier from and to end devices that do not support this
   new identifier, such as by allowing an intermediary to inject an
   identifier into the session signaling.

   REQ6: The identifier should be unique in time and space, similar to
   the Call-ID.

   REQ7: The identifier should be constructed in such a way as to make
   it suitable for transmission in SIP and H.323.

   REQ8: The identifier should use a restricted syntax and length so as
   to allow the identifier to be used in other protocols.

   REQ9: It must be possible to correlate two end-to-end sessions when
   the sessions are created by a third party controller using 3PCC
   procedures shown in Figure 1 of RFC 3725 [7].

6. Related Work in other Standards Organizations

6.1. Coordination with the ITU-T

   IP multimedia networks are often comprised of a mix of session
   protocols like SIP and H.323. A benefit of the Session Identifier is
   that it uniquely identifies a communication session end-to-end across
   session protocol boundaries. Therefore, the need for coordinated
   standardization activities across Standards Development Organizations
   (SDOs) is imperative.

   To facilitate this, a parallel effort is underway in the ITU-T to
   introduce the Session Identifier for the H.323 protocol. The ITU-T
   SG16 has approved contribution C.552 [5] as a work item with the


Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                   [Page 7]


Internet-Draft  Requirements for End-To-End Session ID      January 2013


   intent that it be a coordinated and synchronized effort between the
   ITU-T and the IETF.

6.2. Requirements within 3GPP

   3GPP identified in their Release 9 the need for a Session Identifier
   for O&M purposes to correlate flows in an end-to-end communication
   session.  TS24.229 (IP multimedia call control protocol based on
   Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol
   (SDP)) [6] points to the fact that the Session Identifier can be used
   to correlate SIP messages belonging to the same session.  In the case
   where signaling passes through SIP entities like B2BUAs, the end-to-
   end session identifier indicates that these dialogs belong to the
   same end-to-end SIP communication session.

7. Security Considerations

   An end-to-end identifier, if not properly constructed, could provide
   information that would allow one to identify the individual, device,
   or domain initiating or terminating a communication session.  In
   adherence with REQ4, the solution produced in accordance with these
   requirements MUST NOT provide any information that allow one to
   identify a person, device, or domain.  This means that information
   elements such as the MAC address or IP address MUST NOT be used when
   constructing the end-to-end session identifier.

8. IANA Considerations

   There are no IANA considerations associated with this document.

9. Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to acknowledge Paul Kyzivat, Christer
   Holmberg, Andy Hutton, Salvatore Loreto, Keith Drage, Chris Pearce
   for their contribution and collaboration in developing this document.

   This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot.

10. Contributors

   Two other people originally participated as co-authors and provided
   substantial contributions to this document, namely Roland Jesske,
   Parthasarathi Ravindran.








Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                   [Page 8]


Internet-Draft  Requirements for End-To-End Session ID      January 2013


11. References

11.1. Normative References

   [1]   Rosenberg, J., et al., "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC
         3261, June 2002.

   [2]   Recommendation ITU-T H.323, "Packet-based multimedia
         communications systems", December 2009.

   [3]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
         Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

11.2. Informative References

   [4]   Schulzrinne, H., et al., "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-
         Time Applications", RFC 3550, July 2003.

   [5]   International Telecommunications Union, "End-to-End Session
         Identifier for IP-based Multimedia Communication Systems",
         March 2011, ITU-T Contribution C.552, http://ftp3.itu.int/av-
         arch/avc-site/2009-2012/1103_Gen/SessionID.zip.

   [6]   3GPP, "IP multimedia call control protocol based on Session
         Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol
         (SDP); Stage 3", 3GPP TS 24.229 10.3.0, April 2011.

   [7]   Rosenberg, J., Peterson, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G.,
         "Best Current Practices for Third Party Call Control (3pcc) in
         the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3725, April 2004.





















Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                   [Page 9]


Internet-Draft  Requirements for End-To-End Session ID      January 2013


Author's Addresses

   Paul E. Jones
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   7025 Kit Creek Rd.
   Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
   USA

   Phone: +1 919 476 2048
   Email: paulej@packetizer.com
   IM: xmpp:paulej@packetizer.com


   Hadriel Kaplan
   Acme Packet
   71 Third Ave.
   Burlington, MA 01803, USA

   Email: hkaplan@acmepacket.com


   Laura Liess
   Deutsche Telekom NP
   64295 Darmstadt
   Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 3-7
   Germany

   Phone: +49 6151 268 2761
   Email: laura.liess.dt@gmail.com


   James Polk
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   3913 Treemont Circle
   Colleyville, Texas,
   USA

   Phone: +1 817 271 3552
   Email: jmpolk@cisco.com
   IM: xmpp:jmpolk@cisco.com


   Gonzalo Salgueiro
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   7025 Kit Creek Rd.
   Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
   USA

   Phone: +1 919 392 3266


Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 10]


Internet-Draft  Requirements for End-To-End Session ID      January 2013


   Email: gsalguei@cisco.com
   IM: xmpp:gsalguei@cisco.com

















































Jones, et al.            Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 11]