HTTP M. Nottingham
Internet-Draft Fastly
Intended status: Standards Track P. Sikora
Expires: February 12, 2021 Google
August 11, 2020
The Proxy-Status HTTP Response Header Field
draft-ietf-httpbis-proxy-status-02
Abstract
This document defines the Proxy-Status HTTP field to convey the
details of intermediary handling of responses, including generated
errors.
Note to Readers
_RFC EDITOR: please remove this section before publication_
Discussion of this draft takes place on the HTTP working group
mailing list (ietf-http-wg@w3.org), which is archived at
https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/ [1].
Working Group information can be found at https://httpwg.org/ [2];
source code and issues list for this draft can be found at
https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/labels/proxy-status [3].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on February 12, 2021.
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Copyright Notice
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. The Proxy-Status HTTP Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. Proxy-Status Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.1. next-hop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.2. next-protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.3. error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.4. details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2. Defining New Proxy-Status Parameters . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3. Proxy Error Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.1. DNS Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.2. DNS Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.3. Destination Not Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3.4. Destination Unavailable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3.5. Destination IP Prohibited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3.6. Destination IP Unroutable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3.7. Connection Refused . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3.8. Connection Terminated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.9. Connection Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.10. Connection Read Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.11. Connection Write Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3.12. Connection Limit Reached . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.13. TLS Protocol Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.14. TLS Certificate Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.15. TLS Alert Received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.16. HTTP Request Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.17. HTTP Request Denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.18. HTTP Incomplete Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.19. HTTP Response Header Block Too Large . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.20. HTTP Response Header Too Large . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.21. HTTP Response Body Too Large . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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2.3.22. HTTP Response Transfer-Coding Error . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.23. HTTP Response Content-Coding Error . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.24. HTTP Response Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.25. HTTP Upgrade Failed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.26. HTTP Protocol Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.27. Proxy Internal Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.28. Proxy Internal Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.29. Proxy Configuration Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.30. Proxy Loop Detected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4. Defining New Proxy Error Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.3. URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1. Introduction
HTTP intermediaries - including both forward proxies and gateways
(also known as "reverse proxies") - have become an increasingly
significant part of HTTP deployments. In particular, reverse proxies
and Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) form part of the critical
infrastructure of many Web sites.
Typically, HTTP intermediaries forward requests towards the origin
server and then forward their responses back to clients. However, if
an error occurs before a response is obtained from upstream, the
response is generated by the intermediary itself.
HTTP accommodates these types of errors with a few status codes; for
example, 502 Bad Gateway and 504 Gateway Timeout. However,
experience has shown that more information is necessary to aid
debugging and communicate what's happened to the client.
Additionally, intermediaries sometimes want to convey additional
information about their handling of a response, even if they did not
generate it.
To enable these uses, Section 2 defines a new HTTP response field to
allow intermediaries to convey details of their handling of a
response, Section 2.1 enumerates the kind of information that can be
conveyed, and Section 2.3 defines a set of error types for use when a
proxy generates the response.
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1.1. Notational Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
This specification uses Structured Headers
[I-D.ietf-httpbis-header-structure] to specify syntax. The terms sf-
list, sf-item, sf-string, sf-token, sf-integer and key refer to the
structured types defined therein.
Note that in this specification, "proxy" is used to indicate both
forward and reverse proxies, otherwise known as gateways. "Next hop"
indicates the connection in the direction leading to the origin
server for the request.
2. The Proxy-Status HTTP Field
The Proxy-Status HTTP response field allows an intermediary to convey
additional information about its handling of a response and its
associated request.
It is a List [I-D.ietf-httpbis-header-structure]:
Proxy-Status = sf-list
Each member of the list represents an intermediary that has handled
the response. The first member of the list represents the
intermediary closest to the origin server, and the last member of the
list represents the intermediary closest to the user agent.
For example:
Proxy-Status: FooProxy, ExampleCDN
indicates that this response was handled first by FooProxy and then
ExampleCDN.
Intermediaries determine when it is appropriate to add the Proxy-
Status field to a response. Some might decide to add it to all
responses, whereas others might only do so when specifically
configured to, or when the request contains a header that activates a
debugging mode.
The list members identify the intermediary that inserted the value,
and MUST have a type of either sf-string or sf-token. Depending on
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the deployment, this might be a product or service name (e.g.,
ExampleProxy or "Example CDN"), a hostname ("proxy-3.example.com"),
and IP address, or a generated string.
Parameters on each member convey additional information about that
intermediary's handling of the response; see Section 2.1 for defined
parameters. While all of these parameters are OPTIONAL,
intermediaries are encouraged to provide as much information as
possible.
When adding a value to the Proxy-Status field, intermediaries SHOULD
preserve the existing contents of the field, to allow debugging of
the entire chain of intermediaries handling the request.
Proxy-Status MAY be sent in HTTP trailers, but - as with all trailers
- it might be silently discarded along the path to the user agent, so
this SHOULD NOT be done unless it is not possible to send it in
headers. For example, if an intermediary is streaming a response and
the upstream connection suddenly terminates, Proxy-Status can be
appended to the trailers of the outgoing message (since the headers
have already been sent).
Note that there are various security considerations for
intermediaries using the Proxy-Status field; see Section 4.
Origin servers MUST NOT generate the Proxy-Status field.
2.1. Proxy-Status Parameters
This section lists parameters that can be used on the members of
Proxy-Status.
2.1.1. next-hop
The "next-hop" parameter's value is a sf-string or sf-token that
identifies the intermediary or origin server selected (and used, if
contacted) for this response. Its contents might be a hostname, IP
address, or alias.
For example:
Proxy-Status: cdn.example.org; next-hop=backend.example.org
2.1.2. next-protocol
The "next-protocol" parameter's value indicates the ALPN protocol
identifier [RFC7301] used by the intermediary to connect to the next
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hop. This is only applicable when that connection was actually
established.
The value MUST be either a sf-token or sf-binary. If the protocol
identifier is able to be expressed as a sf-token using UTF-8
encoding, that form MUST be used.
For example:
Proxy-Status: "proxy.example.org"; next-protocol=h2
2.1.3. error
The "error" parameter's value is a sf-token that is a Proxy Error
Type. When present, it indicates that the response was generated by
the proxy, not the origin server or any other upstream server.
Section 2.3 lists the Proxy Error Types defined in this document; new
ones can be defined using the procedure outlined in Section 2.4.
For example:
HTTP/1.1 504 Gateway Timeout
Proxy-Status: SomeCDN; error=connection_timeout
indicates that this 504 response was generated by SomeCDN, due to a
connection timeout when going forward.
Or:
HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Proxy-Status: SomeReverseProxy; error=http_request_error
indicates that this 429 Too Many Requests response was generated by
the intermediary, not the origin.
When sending the error parameter, the most specific Proxy Error Type
SHOULD be sent, provided that it accurately represents the error
condition. If an appropriate Proxy Error Type is not defined, there
are a number of generic error types (e.g., proxy_internal_error,
http_protocol_error) that can be used. If they are not suitable,
consider registering a new Proxy Error Type (see Section 2.4).
Each Proxy Error Type has a Recommended HTTP Status Code. When
generating a HTTP response containing "error", its HTTP status code
SHOULD be set to the Recommended HTTP Status Code. However, there
may be circumstances (e.g., for backwards compatibility with previous
behaviours) when another status code might be used.
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2.1.4. details
The "details" parameter's value is a sf-string containing additional
information not captured anywhere else. This can include
implementation-specific or deployment-specific information.
For example:
Proxy-Status: ExampleProxy; error="http_protocol_error";
details="Malformed response header - space before colon"
2.2. Defining New Proxy-Status Parameters
New Proxy-Status Parameters can be defined by registering them in the
HTTP Proxy-Status Parameters registry.
Registration requests are reviewed and approved by a Designated
Expert, as per [RFC8126], Section 4.5. A specification document is
appreciated, but not required.
The Expert(s) should consider the following factors when evaluating
requests:
o Community feedback
o If the value is sufficiently well-defined
o Generic parameters are preferred over vendor-specific,
application-specific or deployment-specific values. If a generic
value cannot be agreed upon in the community, the parameter's name
should be correspondingly specific (e.g., with a prefix that
identifies the vendor, application or deployment).
Registration requests should use the following template:
o Name: [a name for the Proxy-Status Parameter that matches key]
o Description: [a description of the parameter semantics and value]
o Reference: [to a specification defining this parameter]
See the registry at https://iana.org/assignments/http-proxy-status
[4] for details on where to send registration requests.
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2.3. Proxy Error Types
This section lists the Proxy Error Types defined by this document.
See Section 2.4 for information about defining new Proxy Error Types.
2.3.1. DNS Timeout
o Name: dns_timeout
o Description: The intermediary encountered a timeout when trying to
find an IP address for the next hop hostname.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 504
2.3.2. DNS Error
o Name: dns_error
o Description: The intermediary encountered a DNS error when trying
to find an IP address for the next hop hostname.
o Extra Parameters:
* rcode: A sf-string conveying the DNS RCODE that indicates the
error type. See [RFC8499], Section 3.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.3. Destination Not Found
o Name: destination_not_found
o Description: The intermediary cannot determine the appropriate
next hop to use for this request; for example, it may not be
configured. Note that this error is specific to gateways, which
typically require specific configuration to identify the "backend"
server; forward proxies use in-band information to identify the
origin server.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 500
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2.3.4. Destination Unavailable
o Name: destination_unavailable
o Description: The intermediary considers the next hop to be
unavailable; e.g., recent attempts to communicate with it may have
failed, or a health check may indicate that it is down.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 503
2.3.5. Destination IP Prohibited
o Name: destination_ip_prohibited
o Description: The intermediary is configured to prohibit
connections to the next hop IP address.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.6. Destination IP Unroutable
o Name: destination_ip_unroutable
o Description: The intermediary cannot find a route to the next hop
IP address.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.7. Connection Refused
o Name: connection_refused
o Description: The intermediary's connection to the next hop was
refused.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
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2.3.8. Connection Terminated
o Name: connection_terminated
o Description: The intermediary's connection to the next hop was
closed before any part of the response was received. If some part
was received, see http_response_incomplete.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.9. Connection Timeout
o Name: connection_timeout
o Description: The intermediary's attempt to open a connection to
the next hop timed out.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 504
2.3.10. Connection Read Timeout
o Name: connection_read_timeout
o Description: The intermediary was expecting data on a connection
(e.g., part of a response), but did not receive any new data in a
configured time limit.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 504
2.3.11. Connection Write Timeout
o Name: connection_write_timeout
o Description: The intermediary was attempting to write data to a
connection, but was not able to (e.g., because its buffers were
full).
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 504
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2.3.12. Connection Limit Reached
o Name: connnection_limit_reached
o Description: The intermediary is configured to limit the number of
connections it has to the next hop, and that limit has been
passed.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 503
2.3.13. TLS Protocol Error
o Name: tls_protocol_error
o Description: The intermediary encountered a TLS error when
communicating with the next hop, either during handshake or
afterwards.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
Note that additional information about the error can be recorded in
the details parameter (as is the case for all errors).
2.3.14. TLS Certificate Error
o Name: tls_certificate_error
o Description: The intermediary encountered an error when verifying
the certificate presented by the next hop.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
Note that additional information about the error can be recorded in
the details parameter (as is the case for all errors).
2.3.15. TLS Alert Received
o Name: tls_alert_received
o Description: The intermediary received a TLS alert from the next
hop.
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o Extra Parameters:
* alert_message: a sf-token containing the applicable description
string from the TLS Alerts registry.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.16. HTTP Request Error
o Name: http_request_error
o Description: The intermediary is generating a client (4xx)
response on the origin's behalf. Applicable status codes include
(but are not limited to) 400, 403, 405, 406, 408, 411, 413, 414,
415, 416, 417, 429.
o Extra Parameters:
* status_code: a sf-integer containing the generated status code.
* status_phrase: a sf-string containing the generated status
phrase.
o Recommended HTTP status code: The applicable 4xx status code
This type helps distinguish between responses generated by
intermediaries from those generated by the origin.
2.3.17. HTTP Request Denied
o Name: http_request_denied
o Description: The intermediary rejected the HTTP request based on
its configuration and/or policy settings. The request wasn't
forwarded to the next hop.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 403
2.3.18. HTTP Incomplete Response
o Name: http_response_incomplete
o Description: The intermediary received an incomplete response to
the request from the next hop.
o Extra Parameters: None.
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o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.19. HTTP Response Header Block Too Large
o Name: http_response_header_block_size
o Description: The intermediary received a response to the request
whose header block was considered too large.
o Extra Parameters:
* header_block_size: a sf-integer indicating how large the
headers received were. Note that they might not be complete;
i.e., the intermediary may have discarded or refused additional
data.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.20. HTTP Response Header Too Large
o Name: http_response_header_size
o Description: The intermediary received a response to the request
containing an individual header line that was considered too
large.
o Extra Parameters:
* header_name: a sf-string indicating the name of the header that
triggered the error.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.21. HTTP Response Body Too Large
o Name: http_response_body_size
o Description: The intermediary received a response to the request
whose body was considered too large.
o Extra Parameters:
* body_size: a sf-integer indicating how large the body received
was. Note that it may not have been complete; i.e., the
intermediary may have discarded or refused additional data.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
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2.3.22. HTTP Response Transfer-Coding Error
o Name: http_response_transfer_coding
o Description: The intermediary encountered an error decoding the
transfer-coding of the response.
o Extra Parameters:
* coding: a sf-token containing the specific coding that caused
the error.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.23. HTTP Response Content-Coding Error
o Name: http_response_content_coding
o Description: The intermediary encountered an error decoding the
content-coding of the response.
o Extra Parameters:
* coding: a sf-token containing the specific coding that caused
the error.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.24. HTTP Response Timeout
o Name: http_response_timeout
o Description: The intermediary reached a configured time limit
waiting for the complete response.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 504
2.3.25. HTTP Upgrade Failed
o Name: http_upgrade_failed
o Description: The HTTP Upgrade between the intermediary and the
next hop failed.
o Extra Parameters: None.
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o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.3.26. HTTP Protocol Error
o Name: http_protocol_error
o Description: The intermediary encountered a HTTP protocol error
when communicating with the next hop. This error should only be
used when a more specific one is not defined.
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
Note that additional information about the error can be recorded in
the details parameter (as is the case for all errors).
2.3.27. Proxy Internal Response
o Name: proxy_internal_response
o Description: The intermediary generated the response locally,
without attempting to connect to the next hop (e.g. in response to
a request to a debug endpoint terminated at the intermediary).
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code:
2.3.28. Proxy Internal Error
o Name: proxy_internal_error
o Description: The intermediary encountered an internal error
unrelated to the origin.
o Extra Parameters: None
o Recommended HTTP status code: 500
Note that additional information about the error can be recorded in
the details parameter (as is the case for all errors).
2.3.29. Proxy Configuration Error
o Name: proxy_configuration_error
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o Description: The intermediary encountered an error regarding its
configuration.
o Extra Parameters: None
o Recommended HTTP status code: 500
Note that additional information about the error can be recorded in
the details parameter (as is the case for all errors).
2.3.30. Proxy Loop Detected
o Name: proxy_loop_detected
o Description: The intermediary tried to forward the request to
itself, or a loop has been detected using different means (e.g.
[RFC8586]).
o Extra Parameters: None.
o Recommended HTTP status code: 502
2.4. Defining New Proxy Error Types
New Proxy Error Types can be defined by registering them in the HTTP
Proxy Error Types registry.
Registration requests are reviewed and approved by a Designated
Expert, as per [RFC8126], Section 4.5. A specification document is
appreciated, but not required.
The Expert(s) should consider the following factors when evaluating
requests:
o Community feedback
o If the value is sufficiently well-defined
o Generic types are preferred over vendor-specific, application-
specific or deployment-specific values. If a generic value cannot
be agreed upon in the community, the types's name should be
correspondingly specific (e.g., with a prefix that identifies the
vendor, application or deployment).
Registration requests should use the following template:
o Name: [a name for the Proxy Error Type that matches sf-token]
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o Description: [a description of the conditions that generate the
Proxy Error Type]
o Extra Parameters: [zero or more optional parameters, along with
their allowable type(s)]
o Recommended HTTP status code: [the appropriate HTTP status code
for this entry]
See the registry at https://iana.org/assignments/http-proxy-status
[5] for details on where to send registration requests.
3. IANA Considerations
Upon publication, please create the HTTP Proxy-Status Parameters
registry and the HTTP Proxy Error Types registry at
https://iana.org/assignments/http-proxy-statuses [6] and populate
them with the types defined in Section 2.1 and Section 2.3
respectively; see Section 2.2 and Section 2.4 for its associated
procedures.
4. Security Considerations
One of the primary security concerns when using Proxy-Status is
leaking information that might aid an attacker. For example,
information about the intermediary's configuration and back-end
topology can be exposed.
As a result, care needs to be taken when deciding to generate a
Proxy-Status field. Note that intermediaries are not required to
generate a Proxy-Status field in any response, and can conditionally
generate them based upon request attributes (e.g., authentication
tokens, IP address).
Likewise, generation of all parameters is optional.
5. References
5.1. Normative References
[]
Nottingham, M. and P. Kamp, "Structured Field Values for
HTTP", draft-ietf-httpbis-header-structure-19 (work in
progress), June 2020.
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[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC7301] Friedl, S., Popov, A., Langley, A., and E. Stephan,
"Transport Layer Security (TLS) Application-Layer Protocol
Negotiation Extension", RFC 7301, DOI 10.17487/RFC7301,
July 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7301>.
[RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8499] Hoffman, P., Sullivan, A., and K. Fujiwara, "DNS
Terminology", BCP 219, RFC 8499, DOI 10.17487/RFC8499,
January 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8499>.
5.2. Informative References
[RFC8586] Ludin, S., Nottingham, M., and N. Sullivan, "Loop
Detection in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)", RFC 8586,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8586, April 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8586>.
5.3. URIs
[1] https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/
[2] https://httpwg.org/
[3] https://github.com/httpwg/http-extensions/labels/proxy-status
[4] https://iana.org/assignments/http-proxy-status
[5] https://iana.org/assignments/http-proxy-status
[6] https://iana.org/assignments/http-proxy-statuses
Nottingham & Sikora Expires February 12, 2021 [Page 18]
Internet-Draft Proxy-Status August 2020
Authors' Addresses
Mark Nottingham
Fastly
made in
Prahran, VIC
Australia
Email: mnot@mnot.net
URI: https://www.mnot.net/
Piotr Sikora
Google
Email: piotrsikora@google.com
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