DOTS                                                            E. Doron
Internet-Draft                                              Radware Ltd.
Intended status: Informational                                  T. Reddy
Expires: May 3, 2017                                        F. Andreasen
                                                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                                  L. Xia
                                                                  Huawei
                                                            K. Nishizuka
                                                      NTT Communications
                                                        October 30, 2016


  Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Telemetry
                             Specifications
                     draft-doron-dots-telemetry-00

Abstract

   This document aims to enrich DOTS Signaling with various telemetry
   attributes allowing optimal DDoS/DoS attack mitigation.  The nature
   of the DOTS architecture is to allow DOTS Agents to be integrated in
   highly diverse environments.  Therefore, the DOTS architecture
   imposes a significant challenge in delivering optimal mitigation
   services.  The DOTS Telemetry covered in this document aims to
   provide all needed attributes and feedback signaled from DOTS Agents
   such that optimal mitigation services can be delivered based on DOTS
   Signaling.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 3, 2017.







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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.2.  Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Using the DOTS telemetry for a successful mitigation  . . . .   4
   3.  DOTS Telemetry attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.1.  Pre-mitigation DOTS Telemetry attributes  . . . . . . . .   9
       3.1.1.  "Normal Baselines" of legitimate traffic  . . . . . .   9
       3.1.2.  "Total Attack Traffic volume" . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.1.3.  "Attack Details"  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.1.4.  "Total pipe capacity" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       3.1.5.  List of already "Authenticated source IPs"  . . . . .  10
     3.2.  Client to Server Mitigation Status DOTS Telemetry
           attributes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       3.2.1.  Current "Total traffic volumes" . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.2.2.  Current "Total Attack Traffic"  . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.2.3.  "Mitigation Efficacy Factor"  . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.2.4.  "Attack Details"  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     3.3.  Server to Client Mitigation Status DOTS Telemetry
           attributes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.3.1.  Current "Mitigation Countermeasure status"  . . . . .  11
   4.  DOTS Telemetry Use-cases  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     4.1.  Hybrid anti-DoS services use-case . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     4.2.  MSP to MSP anti-DoS services use-case . . . . . . . . . .  13
   5.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14




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1.  Introduction

   The DOTS signaling architecture (see [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture]) is
   designed to allow anti-DoS services for a vast number of networking,
   security and operational scenarios aimed to operate in diverse
   environments.  This is a multi-dimensional challenge DOTS needs to
   meet in order to provide all the signaling requirements as derived
   from each environment's unique characteristics.  The DOTS Client can
   be integrated within various elements with large diversity on their
   security capabilities.  In a simple use case, the DOTS Client can be
   integrated in entities with a very basic understanding of the current
   security conditions, for example a customer portal with a user that
   is just realizing that something is "going wrong" with his service
   but is not aware of the main cause of the service degradation.  Here,
   the DOTS Client can basically signal the need for mitigation along
   with its identification attributes.  In a more advanced use case, the
   DOTS Client can be integrated within DDoS/DoS attack mitigators (and
   their control and management environments) or network and security
   elements that have been actively engaged with ongoing attacks.  The
   DOTS Client mitigation environment determines that it is no longer
   possible or practical for it to handle these attacks.  This can be
   due to lack of resources or security capabilities, as derived from
   the complexities and the intensity of these attacks.  In this
   circumstance the DOTS Client has invaluable knowledge about the
   actual attacks that need to be handled by the DOTS Server.  By
   enabling the DOTS Client to share this comprehensive knowledge of an
   ongoing attack, the DOTS Server can dramatically increase its
   abilities to accomplish successful mitigation.  While the attack is
   being handled by the DOTS Server associated mitigation resources, the
   DOTS Server has the knowledge about the ongoing attack mitigation.
   The DOTS Server can share this information with the DOTS Client so
   that the Client can better comprehend and evaluate the actual
   mitigation realized.  Both DOTS Client and DOTS Server can benefit
   this information by presenting various information in relevant
   management, reporting and portal systems.

   "DOTS Telemetry" is defined as the collection of attributes
   characterizing the actual attacks that have been detected and
   mitigated.  The DOTS Telemetry is an optional set of attributes that
   can be signaled in the various DOTS protocol messages.  The DOTS
   Telemetry can be optionally sent from the DOTS Client to Server and
   vice versa.

   This document aims to define all the required DOTS Telemetry
   attributes in order to use DOTS Signal and Data Channels for DOTS
   Telemetry signaling.  Due to the diversity of environments DOTS
   Agents are designed to be integrated within, the DOTS Telemetry
   attributes (all of them as a whole, or some of them) are not



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   mandatory fields in any type of DOTS protocol message.  Nevertheless,
   when DOTS Telemetry attributes are available to the DOTS Agent it MAY
   signal the attributes in order to optimize the overall service
   provisioned using DOTS.  Other basic minimum set of DOTS mandatory
   signaling attributes (like "targeted entity", Targeted IP address and
   so on), that are covered in other DOTS documents, are not reiterated
   in this document.  No assumption is made regarding the DOTS
   Telemetry's actual collection methodology.

   The document is divided into three logical parts: The first outlines
   the need for DOTS Telemetry.  The second covers the actual telemetry
   attributes needed for providing comprehensive mitigation services.
   The third describes the telemetry attributes needed for each of the
   DOTS Signaling stages.  Several typical use cases are also discussed
   in detail.

1.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

1.2.  Definition of Terms

   This document uses the various terms defined in DOTS reuirements
   document, see [I-D.ietf-dots-requirements].

2.  Using the DOTS telemetry for a successful mitigation

   The cyber security battle between the adversary and security
   countermeasures is an everlasting fight.  The DoS/DDoS attacks have
   become more vicious and sophisticated in almost all aspects of their
   maneuvers and malevolent intentions.  IT organizations and service
   providers are facing DoS/DDoS attacks that fall into two broad
   categories: Network/Transport layer attacks and Application layer
   attacks.  Network/Transport layer attacks target the victim's
   infrastructure.  These attacks are not necessarily aimed at taking
   down the actual delivered services, but rather to eliminate various
   network elements (routers, switches, FW, transit links, and so on)
   from serving legitimate user traffic.  Here the main method of the
   attackers is to send a large volume or high PPS of traffic toward the
   victim's infrastructure.  Attack volumes may vary from a few 100
   Mbps/PPS to 100s of Gbps or even Tbps.  Attacks are commonly carried
   out leveraging botnets and attack reflectors for amplification
   attacks, such as NTP, DNS, SNMP, SSDP, and so on.  Application layer
   attacks target various applications.  Typical examples include
   attacks against HTTP/HTTPS, DNS, SIP, SMTP, and so on.  However, all
   valid applications with their ports open at network edges can be



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   attractive attack targets.  Application layer attacks are considered
   more complex and hard to categorize, therefore harder to detect and
   mitigate efficiently.

   To compound the problem, attackers also leverage multi-vectored
   attacks.  These merciless attacks are assembled from dynamic attack
   vectors (Network/Application) and tactics.  Here, multiple attack
   vectors formed by multiple attack types and volumes are launched
   simultaneously towards the victim.  Multi-vector attacks are harder
   to detect and defend.  Multiple and simultaneous mitigation
   techniques are needed to defeat such attack campaigns.  It is also
   common for attackers to change attack vectors only moments after a
   successful mitigation, burdening their opponents with changing their
   defense methods.

   The ultimate conclusion derived from these real-life scenarios is
   that modern attacks detection and mitigation are most certainly
   complicated and highly convoluted tasks.  They demand a comprehensive
   knowledge of the attack attributes, the targeted normal behavior/
   traffic patterns, as well as the attacker's on-going and past
   actions.  Even more challenging, retrieving all the analytics needed
   for detecting these attacks is not simple to obtain with the
   industry's current capabilities.

   With all this in mind, when signaling a mitigation request, it is
   most certainly beneficial for the DOTS Client to signal to the DOTS
   Server any knowledge regarding ongoing attacks.  This can happen in
   cases where DOTS Clients are asking the DOTS Server for support in
   defending against attacks that they have already detected and/or
   mitigated.  These actions taken by DOTS Agent are referred to as
   "signaling the DOTS Telemetry".  If attacks are already detected and
   categorized, the DOTS Server, and his associated mitigation services,
   can proactively benefit this information and optimize the overall
   service delivered.  It is important to note that DOTS Client and
   Server detection and mitigation approaches can be different, and can
   potentially outcome different results and attack classifications.
   Therefore, the DDOS mitigation service must treat the ongoing attack
   details from the Client as hints, and cannot completely rely or trust
   the attack details conveyed by the DOTS client.  Nevertheless, the
   DOTS Telemetry should support the identification of such misalignment
   conditions.

   A basic requirement of security operation teams is to be aware and
   get visibility into the attacks they need to handle.  The DOTS Server
   security operation teams benefit from the DOTS Telemetry, especially
   from the reports of ongoing attacks.  They use the DOTS Telemetry to
   be prepared for attack mitigation and to assign the correct resources
   (operation staff, networking and mitigation) for the specific



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   service.  Similarly, security operation personnel at the DOTS Client
   side ask for feedback about their requests for protection.
   Therefore, it is valuable for the DOTS Server to share DOTS Telemetry
   with the DOTS Client.  Thus mutual sharing of information is crucial
   for "closing the mitigation loop" between the Client and Server.  For
   the Server side teams, it is important to realize that "the same
   attacks that I am seeing are those that my client is asking me to
   mitigate?." For the Client side, it is important to realize that the
   Clients receive the required service.  For example: understanding
   that "I asked for mitigation of two attacks and my Server detects and
   mitigates only one...".  Cases of inconsistency in attack
   classification between DOTS Client and Server can be high-lighted,
   and maybe handled, using the DOTS Telemetry various attributes.

   In addition, management and orchestration systems, at both Client and
   Server side, can potentially use DOTS Telemetry as a feedback to
   automate various control and management activities derived from
   ongoing information signaled.

   Should the DOTS Server's mitigation resources have the capabilities
   to facilitate the DOTS Telemetry, the Server adopts its protection
   strategy and activates the required countermeasures immediately.  The
   overall results of this adoption are optimized attack mitigation
   decisions and actions.

   The DOTS Telemetry can also be used to tune the mitigators with the
   correct state of the attack.  During the last few years, DDoS/DoS
   attack detection technologies have evolved from threshold-based
   detection (that is, cases when all or specific parts of traffic cross
   a pre-defined threshold for a certain period of time is considered as
   an attack) to an "anomaly detection" approach.  In anomaly detection,
   the main idea is to maintain rigorous learning of "normal" behavior
   and where an "anomaly" (or an attack) is identified and categorized
   based on the knowledge about the normal behavior and a deviation from
   this normal behavior.  Machine learning approaches are used such that
   the actual "traffic thresholds" are "automatically calculated" by
   learning the protected entity normal traffic behavior during peace
   time.  The normal traffic characterization learned is referred to as
   the "normal traffic baseline".  An attack is detected when the
   victim's actual traffic is deviating from this normal baseline.

   In addition, the subsequent activities toward mitigating the attack
   are much more challenging.  The ability to distinguish legitimate
   traffic from attacker traffic on a per packet basis is complex.  This
   complexity originates in the fact that the packet itself may look
   "legitimate" and no attack signature can be identified.  The anomaly
   can be identified only after detailed statistical analysis.  DDoS/DoS
   attack mitigators use the normal baseline during the actual



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   mitigation of an attack to identify and categorize the expected
   appearance of a specific traffic pattern.  Particularly the
   mitigators use the normal baseline to recognize the "level of
   normality" needs to be achieved during the various mitigation
   process.

   Normal baseline calculation is performed based on continuous learning
   of the normal behavior of the protected entities.  The minimum
   learning period varies from hours to days and even weeks, depending
   on the protected application behavior.  The baseline cannot be
   learned during active attacks because attack conditions do not
   characterize the protected entities' normal behavior.

   If the DOTS Client has calculated the normal baseline of its
   protected entities, signaling this attribute to the DOTS Server along
   with the attack traffic levels is significantly valuable.  The DOTS
   Server benefits from this telemetry by tuning its mitigation
   resources with the DOTS Client's normal baseline.  The mitigators use
   the baseline to familiarize themselves with the attack victim's
   normal behavior and target the baseline as the level of normality
   they need to achieve.  Consequently, the overall mitigation
   performances obtained are dramatically improved in terms of time to
   mitigate, accuracy, false-negative, false-positive, and other
   measures.  Mitigation of attacks without having certain knowledge of
   normal traffic can be inaccurate at best.  This is especially true
   for DOTS environments where it is assumed that there is no universal
   DDoS attack scale threshold triggering an attack across
   administrative domains (see [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture]).  In
   addition, the highly diverse types of use-cases where DOTS Clients
   are integrated also emphasize the need for knowledge of Client
   behavior.  Consequently, common global thresholds for attacks
   detection practically cannot be realized.  Each client can have his
   own levels of traffic and normal behavior.  Without facilitate
   baseline signaling, it can be very difficult for Server to detect and
   mitigate the attacks accurately.  It is important to emphasize that
   it is practically impossible for the Server's mitigators to calculate
   the normal baseline, in cases they do not have any knowledge of the
   traffic beforehand.  In addition, baseline learning requires a period
   of time that cannot be afforded during active attack.

   As mentioned above, the task of isolating legitimate from attacker
   traffic is extremely difficult to achieve.  A common mechanism that
   DDoS/DoS mitigators use to achieve such a distinction is to
   authenticate source IP addresses that send traffic towards protected
   entities.  The source IP address can be authenticated as legitimate
   or as a malicious BOT.  Traffic from a BOT can be discarded or can be
   rate-limited.  Authentication can be performed using various
   techniques; actively sending various challenges towards source IP



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   addresses is a common method.  SYN Cookies, CAPTCHA, cryptographic
   puzzle and others are examples of challenge-response tests used by
   mitigators to determine whether the user is legitimate or a BOT.
   Most certainly, building a list of authenticated source IP addresses
   is a task that consumes resources and takes a long period of time to
   construct.  If the DOTS Client has already built a list of
   authenticated IP addresses, the DOTS Server can use this list to
   safely serve these IP addresses without any further need to re-
   authenticate them.  It is important to mention that "authenticated
   IPs" are different from IP addresses in a "white list".  This is
   mainly because the authenticated IPs addresses are not predefined and
   are not known upfront to the DOTS Agents.  In addition, a source IP
   address is treated as an authenticated IP address for a limited
   period of time.

   During a high volume attack, DOTS Client pipes can be totally
   saturated.  The Client asks the Server to handle the attack upstream
   so that DOTS Client pipes return to a reasonable load level.  At this
   point, it is essential to ensure that the DOTS Server does not
   overwhelm the DOTS Client pipes by sending back "clean traffic", or
   what it believes is "clean".  This can happen when the Server has not
   managed to detect and mitigate all the attacks launched towards the
   Client.  In this case, it can be valuable to Clients to signal to
   Server the "Total pipe capacity", which is the level of traffic the
   Clients can absorb from the upstream Server.  Dynamic updating of the
   condition of pipes between DOTS Agents while they are under a DDoS
   attack is essentially.  For example, for cases of multiple DOTS
   Clients share the same physical connectivity pipes.  It is important
   to note, that the term "pipe" noted here does not necessary represent
   physical pipe, but rather represents the current level of traffic
   Client can observe from Server.  The Server should activate other
   mechanisms to ensure it does not saturate the Client's pipes
   unintentionally.  The Rate Limiter can be a reasonable candidate to
   achieve this objective; the Client can ask for the type of traffic
   (such as ICMP, UDP, TCP port 80) it prefers to limit.

   To summarize, timely and effective signaling of up-to-date DOTS
   telemetry to all elements involved in the mitigation process is
   essential and absolutely improves the overall service effectiveness.
   Bi-directional feedback between DOTS elements is required for the
   increased awareness of each party, supporting superior and highly
   efficient attack mitigation service.

3.  DOTS Telemetry attributes

   This section outlines the set of DOTS Telemetry attributes.  The
   ultimate objective of these attributes is to allow for the complete
   knowledge of attacks and the various particulars that can best



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   characterize attacks.  This section presents the attributes required
   for each stage of the DOTS Signaling protocol (see
   [I-D.reddy-dots-signal-channel] and
   [I-D.nishizuka-dots-inter-domain-mechanism]).  Other way of using
   telemetry attributes is allowing DOTS Server to receive relevant DOTS
   Telemetry before the actual attacks are launched using the DOTS Data
   Channel [I-D.reddy-dots-signal-channel].

   The description and motivation behind each attribute were presented
   in previous sections in this document.  The data model and the actual
   integration within the DOTS Protocol are out of scope of this
   document.  It is expected that the following attributes will be
   covered in any of the DOTS Protocol and DOTS Data Model standards.
   As explained in previous sections, the DOTS Telemetry attributes are
   optionally signaled and therefore SHOULD NOT be treated as mandatory
   fields in any DOTS protocol messages.

3.1.  Pre-mitigation DOTS Telemetry attributes

   The Pre-mitigation telemetry attributes MAY be signaled from the DOTS
   Client to the DOTS Server as part of the initiation of a DOTS service
   request or during peace time using the DOTS Data Channel.  Can be
   signaled during a "Mitigation Request" (see also
   [I-D.nishizuka-dots-inter-domain-mechanism]) session, or as part of
   the "POST request" DOTS Signal (see also
   [I-D.reddy-dots-signal-channel]).  The following attributes are
   required:

3.1.1.  "Normal Baselines" of legitimate traffic

   Average, x percentile and peak values of "Total traffic normal
   baselines".  PPS and BPS of the traffic are required.

   [[EDITOR'S NOTE: We request feedback from the working group about
   possible types of baselines to be signaled.]]

3.1.2.  "Total Attack Traffic volume"

   Current and peak values of "Total attack traffic".  PPS and BPS of
   attack traffic are required.

3.1.3.  "Attack Details"

   Various information and details that describe the on-going attacks
   that need to be mitigated by the DOTS Server.  The Attack Details
   need to cover well-known and common attacks (such as a SYN Flood)
   along with new emerging or vendor-specific attacks.  The following is
   a suggestion for the required fields in the Attack Details (this



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   definition follows the CEF Common Event Formula event definition, see
   also [CEF] for more description):

   Vendor |Version| Attack ID| Attack Name| Attack Severity| Extension

   Where Extension is a placeholder for additional fields.  Examples for
   such fields are: Attack Classification, for example UDP port 80,
   Layer 7 attack signature - Regex with Layer 7 attack signatures.
   These can be defined as relevant key value pairs.  Common and well-
   known attack IDs SHOULD be standardized, and the vendor-specific IDs
   SHOULD be specifically defined by each vendor.

   The DOTS server should only treat the attack details as hints, and
   not as a strict attribute to comply to.  Please see requirement
   OP-004 in [I-D.ietf-dots-requirements].

   [[EDITOR'S NOTE: We request feedback from the working group about
   possible alternatives for presenting "Attack Details" and various
   characteristics of attacks.]]

3.1.4.  "Total pipe capacity"

   The limit of traffic volume, in BPS and PPS.  The DOTS Server SHALL
   eliminate sending this back as clean traffic.  This attribute
   represents the DOTS Client's pipe limits.

3.1.5.  List of already "Authenticated source IPs"

   List of source IP addresses that the DOTS Client has already
   identified as authenticated IP addresses.

   [[EDITOR'S NOTE: We request feedback from the working group about the
   way to support this kind of IP address list under various NAT
   strategies deployed in the Client's network.  The same support is
   required for "white lists" and "black lists" referred to in several
   DOTS drafts, see [I-D.reddy-dots-data-channel].]]

3.2.  Client to Server Mitigation Status DOTS Telemetry attributes

   The Mitigation Status telemetry attributes MAY be signaled from the
   DOTS Client to the DOTS Server as part of the periodic mitigation
   status update as realized by the Server.  This can be signaled during
   "Mitigation Efficacy Update" (see also
   [I-D.nishizuka-dots-inter-domain-mechanism] session, or as part of
   the - "PUT request" DOTS signal (see also
   [I-D.reddy-dots-signal-channel]).

   The following attributes are required:



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3.2.1.  Current "Total traffic volumes"

   Current values of the total traffic, in BPS and PPS, that arrive at
   the DOTS Client sites.  In addition, the Peak and x percentile of
   traffic, in BPS and PPS, MAY also be signaled.

3.2.2.  Current "Total Attack Traffic"

   The total attack traffic volume, bps and pps, that the DOTS Client
   still sees during the active mitigation service.  In addition, the
   Peak and x percentile of traffic, in BPS and PPS, MAY also be
   signaled.

3.2.3.  "Mitigation Efficacy Factor"

   A factor defining the overall Mitigation Efficacy from the Client
   perspective.  By way of suggestion, the Mitigation Efficacy Factor
   can be defined as the current clean traffic ratio to the normal
   baseline.  Network and Application Performance Monitoring attributes
   can also be considered here.

3.2.4.  "Attack Details"

   The overall attack details as observed from the DOTS Client
   perspective.  The same data models that will be defined for the Pre-
   mitigation DOTS Telemetry can also be applicable here.

3.3.  Server to Client Mitigation Status DOTS Telemetry attributes

   The Mitigation Status telemetry attributes MAY be signaled from the
   DOTS Server to the DOTS Client as part of the periodic mitigation
   status update.  This can be signaled during "Mitigation Status" (see
   also [I-D.nishizuka-dots-inter-domain-mechanism] session, or as part
   of the "GET request" DOTS Signal (see also
   [I-D.reddy-dots-signal-channel]).

   The following attributes are required:

3.3.1.  Current "Mitigation Countermeasure status"

   As defined in [I-D.ietf-dots-requirements], the actual mitigation
   activities can include several countermeasure mechanisms.  The DOTS
   Server SHOULD signal the current operational status to each relevant
   countermeasure.  For example: Layer 4 mitigation active/inactive,
   Layer 7 mitigation active/inactive, and so on.  In addition to the
   status of each countermeasure, the DOTS Server SHOULD also signal: A
   list of attacks detected by each countermeasure, and the statistics




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   for each countermeasure: Number of bytes/packets for each attack
   handled, clean traffic volumes, dropped traffic.

   It is important to maintain the AttackID among all DOTS
   communications.  The DOTS Client can further use this information for
   reporting and service fulfillment purposes.

4.  DOTS Telemetry Use-cases

   DOTS Telemetry can certainly improve numerous DOTS Signaling use
   cases.  Nevertheless, DOTS Telemetry can be most beneficial when
   dealing with relatively complex use cases where the DOTS Client is
   integrated into environments with advanced detection and mitigation
   abilities.  In this section, typical use-cases are presented.
   However, this list of use cases does not eliminate many other
   scenarios, where the DOTS Telemetry is the pivot in bringing in
   valuable use cases.  It is expected that the DOTS Telemetry notions
   will be added to the DOTS use cases [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases]
   documant.

4.1.  Hybrid anti-DoS services use-case

   In this common use case, a large enterprise deploys DDoS/DoS
   mitigators as "in-line" devices on all the enterprise Internet peers.
   The enterprise's security and operations teams are aware that in
   cases of a large volume of attacks their Internet links can get
   saturated.  Therefore, having "in-line" mitigation devices deployed
   will not help them in maintaining the service level that their
   organization must maintain.  In addition, they understand that they
   are not capable of operating all the required actions to mitigate
   multi-vector attacks.  For these solid reasons, the enterprise IT
   decides to purchase MSP (Managed Security Services) for "on demand"
   DDoS/DoS mitigation services from a MSP Cloud provider.  As part of
   the anti-DoS service delivery, the enterprise and the MSP Cloud
   provider have agreed to the required SLA.  Also, they deploy a DOTS
   Client at the enterprise premises and the DOTS Server at the MSP
   cloud.  During peace time, the enterprise mitigators build the
   enterprise protected service's normal baseline.  In cases of attacks
   that can be mitigated "on-prem", the enterprise is able to deal with
   the attack with its own resources.  Should the attack become a large
   volume attack and or also become multi-vector, the Internet links of
   the organization, or even the mitigator links, get saturated.  The
   DOTS Client signals the need for aid in mitigating the on-going
   attacks from the MSP's DOTS Server.  In order to fulfil his SLA, the
   MSP uses the DOTS Telemetry it received from the Client to assign the
   adequate mitigation resources, tune the mitigators with the normal
   baseline, assign the appropriate personnel to handle the enterprise
   attacks, and so forth.  The enterprise's security and operations team



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   uses the DOTS Telemetry they received from their DOTS Client to get
   visibility into the actual mitigation performed "on the cloud" and
   makes sure the service is fulfilled as expected.

4.2.  MSP to MSP anti-DoS services use-case

   This use case can be treated as a continuation of the previous use
   case.  The MSP Cloud provider operation team realizes that they have
   some serious difficulties at their data centers and they are no
   longer capable of serving the enterprise attacks.  A back-to-back
   DOTS Gateway is implemented at the MSP Cloud to allow redirection of
   the attack to another MSP Cloud provider for the purpose of attack
   mitigation.  The same processes for using DOTS Telemetry are taken
   here to ensure continuous service delivery.  The same is true for
   visibility into the actual service provided to the enterprise and to
   the primary MSP Cloud provider.

5.  Acknowledgements

   Thanks to Yotam Ben-Ezra and Dennis Usle from Radware for their
   contribution, careful reading and feedback.

6.  IANA Considerations

   This memo includes no request to IANA.

7.  Security Considerations

   To Be Added.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

8.2.  Informative References

   [CEF]      ArcSight, Inc., "Common Event Format configuration
              guide.", 2009, <https://kc.mcafee.com/resources/sites/MCAF
              EE/content/live/CORP_KNOWLEDGEBASE/78000/KB78712/en_US/
              CEF_White_Paper_20100722.pdf>.






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   [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture]
              Mortensen, A., Andreasen, F., Reddy, T.,
              christopher_gray3@cable.comcast.com, c., Compton, R., and
              N. Teague, "Distributed-Denial-of-Service Open Threat
              Signaling (DOTS) Architecture", draft-ietf-dots-
              architecture-00 (work in progress), July 2016.

   [I-D.ietf-dots-requirements]
              Mortensen, A., Moskowitz, R., and T. Reddy, "Distributed
              Denial of Service (DDoS) Open Threat Signaling
              Requirements", draft-ietf-dots-requirements-02 (work in
              progress), July 2016.

   [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases]
              Dobbins, R., Fouant, S., Migault, D., Moskowitz, R.,
              Teague, N., and L. Xia, "Use cases for DDoS Open Threat
              Signaling", draft-ietf-dots-use-cases-01 (work in
              progress), March 2016.

   [I-D.nishizuka-dots-inter-domain-mechanism]
              Nishizuka, K., Xia, L., Xia, J., Zhang, D., Fang, L.,
              christopher_gray3@cable.comcast.com, c., and R. Compton,
              "Inter-domain cooperative DDoS protection mechanism",
              draft-nishizuka-dots-inter-domain-mechanism-01 (work in
              progress), July 2016.

   [I-D.reddy-dots-data-channel]
              Reddy, T., Wing, D., Boucadair, M., Nishizuka, K., and L.
              Xia, "Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling
              (DOTS) Data Channel", draft-reddy-dots-data-channel-00
              (work in progress), August 2016.

   [I-D.reddy-dots-signal-channel]
              Reddy, T., Boucadair, M., Wing, D., and P. Patil,
              "Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling
              (DOTS) Signal Channel", draft-reddy-dots-signal-channel-01
              (work in progress), September 2016.

Authors' Addresses

   Ehud Doron
   Radware Ltd.
   Raoul Wallenberg Street
   Tel-Aviv  69710
   Israel

   Email: ehudd@radware.com




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   Tirumaleswar Reddy
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Cessna Business Park, Varthur Hobli
   Sarjapur Marathalli Outer Ring Road
   Bangalore, Karnataka  560103
   India

   Email: tireddy@cisco.com


   Flemming Andreasen
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   USA

   Email: fandreas@cisco.com


   Liang Xia (Frank)
   Huawei
   101 Software Avenue, Yuhuatai District
   Nanjing, Jiangsu  210012
   China

   Email: Frank.xialiang@huawei.com


   Kaname Nishizuka
   NTT Communications
   GranPark 16F, 3-4-1 Shibaura,
   Tokyo, Minato-ku  108-8118
   Japan

   Email: kaname@nttv6.jp


















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