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OSPF Two-part Metric
draft-zzhang-ospf-two-part-metric-02

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Replaced".
Authors Lili Wang , Dave DuBois , Vibhor Julka , Tom McMillan
Last updated 2014-06-10
Replaced by draft-ietf-ospf-two-part-metric, RFC 8042
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draft-zzhang-ospf-two-part-metric-02
Open Shortest Path First                                        Z. Zhang
Internet-Draft                                                   L. Wang
Updates: 2328, 5340 (if approved)                 Juniper Networks, Inc.
Intended status: Standards Track                               D. Dubois
Expires: December 12, 2014                          General Dynamics C4S
                                                                V. Julka
                                                             T. McMillan
                                             L3 Communications, Linkabit
                                                           June 10, 2014

                          OSPF Two-part Metric
                draft-zzhang-ospf-two-part-metric-02.txt

Abstract

   This document specifies an optional extension to the OSPF protocol,
   to represent the metric on a multi-access network as two parts: the
   metric from a router to the network, and the metric from the network
   to the router.  The router to router metric would be the sum of the
   two.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on December 12, 2014.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Proposed Enhancement  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Speficications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  Router Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  Advertising Network-to-Router metric in OSPFv2  . . . . .   4
     3.3.  Advertising Network-to-Router metric in OSPFv3  . . . . .   4
     3.4.  SPF Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.5.  Backward Compatibility  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     7.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8

1.  Introduction

   For a broadcast network, a Network LSA is advertised to list all
   routers on the network, and each router on the network includes a
   link in its Router LSA to describe its connection to the network.
   The link in the Router LSA includes a metric but the listed routers
   in the Network LSA does not include a metric.  This is based on the
   assumption that from a particular router, all others on the same
   network can be reached with the same metric.

   With some broadcast networks, different routers can be reached with
   different metrics.  RFC 6845 extends the OSPF protocol with a hybrid
   interface type for that kind of broadcast networks, with which no
   Network LSA is used and routers simply includes p2p links to all
   routers on the same network with individual metrics.  Broadcast

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   capability is still utilized to optimize database synchronization and
   adjacency maintenance.

   That works well for broadcast networks on which metric between
   different pair of routers are really independent.  For example, VPLS
   networks.

   With certain types of broadcast networks, further optimization can be
   made to reduce the size of the Router LSAs and number of updates.

   Consider a satellite radio network with fixed and mobile ground
   terminals.  All communication go through the satellite.  When the
   mobile terminals move about, their communication capability may
   change.  When OSPF runs over the radio network (routers being or in
   tandem with the terminals), RFC 6845 hybrid interface can be used,
   but with the following drawbacks.

   Consider that one terminal/router moves into an area where
   communication capability degrades significantly.  Through the radio
   control protocol all other routers determine that the metric to this
   particular one changed and they all need to update their Router LSAs
   accordingly.  The router in question also determines that its metric
   to reach all others also changed and it also need to update its
   Router LSA.  Consider that there could be many terminals and many of
   them can be moving fast and frequently, the number/frequency of
   updates of those large Router LSAs could become inhibiting.

2.  Proposed Enhancement

   Notice that in the above scenario, when one terminal's communication
   capability changes, its metric to all other terminals and the metric
   from all other terminals to it will all change in a similar fashion.
   Given this, the above problem can be easily addressed by breaking the
   metric into two parts: the metric to the satellite and the metric
   from the satellite.  The metric from terminal R1 to R2 would be the
   sum of the metric from R1 to the satellite and the metric from the
   satellite to R2.

   Now instead of using the RFC6845 hybrid interface type, the network
   is just treated as a regular broadcast one.  A router on the network
   no longer needs to list individual metrics to each neighbors in its
   Router LSA.  In case of symmetric metric to/from the satellite, it is
   represented by the transit link's metric in the Router LSA.  In case
   of asymetric metric, it is rerepresented by a special MT Metric
   (Section 3).

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   With the proposed enhancement, the size of Router LSA will be
   significantly reduced.  In addition, when a router's communication
   capability changes, only that router needs to update its Router LSA.

   Note that while the example uses the satellite as the relay point at
   radio level (layer 2), at layer 3 the satellite does not play any
   role.  It does not need to be running layer 3 protocol at all.
   Therefore for generality, the metric is abstracted as to/from the
   "network" rather that specifically to/from the "satellite".

3.  Speficications

   The following protocol specifications are added to or modified from
   the base OSPF protocol.  If an area contains one or more two-part
   metric networks, then all routers in the area must support the
   extensions specified here.  This document does not currently specify
   a way to detect a router's capability of supporting this, and relies
   on operator's due diligence in provisioning.  A protocol mechanism
   may be developer in the future.

3.1.  Router Interface Parameters

   The "Router interface parameters" have the following additions:

   o  Two-part metric: TRUE if the interface connects to a multi-access
      network that uses two-part metric.

   o  Interface input cost: Link state metric from the network to this
      router.  Defaulted to "Interface output cost".  May be configured
      or dynamically adjusted to a value different from the "Interface
      output cost".  If different from the output cost, it MUST be
      advertised in addition to the link (output) cost for this
      interface in the router's Router LSA.

3.2.  Advertising Network-to-Router metric in OSPFv2

   If a router adds a transit link in its Router LSA for a network that
   uses two-part metric, it additionally add a stub link, with the
   metric set to the interface input cost.

3.3.  Advertising Network-to-Router metric in OSPFv3

   If a router is adjacent to the DR on a link that uses two-part
   metric, the prefixes associated with the interface are included in
   the intra-area-prefix-lsa, with Referenced LS Type set to 0x2002,
   Referenced Link State ID set to the DR's Interface ID for the link,
   Referenced Advertising Router set to the DR's Router ID, and the
   metric set to the interface input cost.

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   If the router is the DR on the link and has included a transit link
   for the link in its Router LSA, then for the associated prefixes that
   it includes in its intra-area-prefix-lsa, the metric is set to the
   interface input cost.

   Compared with OSPFv2, the network-to-router costs in OSPFv3 are
   advertised in intra-area-prefix-lsas while the regular router-to-
   network costs are advertised in router-lsas.  With some events that
   affect all routers, e.g., a storm cloud degrades the communication
   capability of all radio terminals of a satellite network, all routers
   will have to update both their router-lsas and intra-area-prefix-
   lsas, causing excessive flooding in the network.  If the underlying
   protocol has the capability to calculate all routers' network-to-
   router costs in a centralized fashion and communicate that
   information to the DR out of band, then alternatively the DR can
   advertise all its neighbors' network-to-router costs.  That way, when
   the affect-all event happens, only the DR need to update its intra-
   area-prefix-lsa, hence reducing the flooding on the network.

   To do that, for each prefix on the link the DR MAY optionally include
   multiple prefix entries in the intra-area-prefix-lsa, one for each
   adjacent neighbor, in addition to the prefix entry that the DR
   includes per RFC 5340 (called the primary entry in this document).
   For each of those secondary entries, the fields Referenced LS Type
   and Referenced Link State ID match those in the primary entry, but
   the Referenced Advertising Router is set the neighbor's Router ID.
   Note that in this case the non-DRs MUST NOT advertise their interface
   input cost for the link.

   Based on the above encoding scheme, the network-to-router costs can
   be identified the following way:

   o  Look up the DR's intra-area-prefix-lsa and locate the (primary)
      prefix entry for the link.  It is the first prefix entry whose
      reference fields match the Network LSA.

   o  The DR's network-to-router cost is the metric in the primary
      prefix entry.

   o  If there are secondary prefix entries following the primary entry,
      then those entries will specify the neighbors' network-to-router
      costs.

   o  Otherwise, for the network-to-router cost of a particular
      neighbor, look up that neighbor's intra-area-prefix-lsa and locate
      a prefix whose reference fields match the Network LSA.  That
      neighbor's network-to-router cost is the metric in the found
      prefix.

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3.4.  SPF Calculation

   During the first stage of shortest-path tree calculation for an area,
   when a vertex V corresponding to a Network LSA is added to the
   shortest-path tree and its adjacent vertex W (joined by a link in V's
   corresponding Network LSA), the cost from V to W, which is W's
   network-to-router cost, is determined the following way:

   o  For OSPFv2, if vertex W's corresponding Router LSA has both a
      transit link and stub link for the network, the cost from V to W
      is the metric in the stub link.  Otherwise, the cost is 0.

   o  For OSPFv3, procedures in Section 3.3 may determine the cost from
      V to W.  If not, the cost is 0.

   During the second stage of the calculation, for OSPVv2 the stub links
   in Router LSAs are ignored if there is a corresponding transit link.
   For OSPFv3, prefix entries whose Referenced Advertising Router field
   is not 0 and does not match the advertising router are ignored, and
   the metric in a DR's primary prefix entry is considered to be 0.

3.5.  Backward Compatibility

   Due to the change of procedures in the SPF calculation, and modified/
   additional prefix entries in intra-area-prefix-lsas for the purpose
   of encoding network-to-router costs, ALL routers in an area that
   includes one or more two-part metric networks must support the
   changes specified in this document.  To ensure that, if an area is
   provisioned to support two-part metric networks, all routers
   supporting this capability must advertise Router Information (RI) LSA
   with a newly assigned bit set in Router Informational Capabilities
   TLV:

             Bit       Capabilities

             0-5       Various alreay assigned bits
             6         OSPF Two-part Metric [TPM]

   Upon detecting the presence of a reachable Router LSA without a
   companion RI LSA that has the bit set, all routers MUST disable the
   two-part metric functionalities and take the following actions:

   o  If this router advertised network-to-router costs before, remove
      the stub links in OSPFv2 or secondary prefix entries in OSPFv3
      that are used for that purpose, and update the metric in the
      primary prefix entry to 0.

   o  Recalculate routes w/o considering any network-to-router costs.

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4.  IANA Considerations

   This document requests IANA to assigna a new bit in the Router
   Informational Capabilities TLV to indicate the capability of
   supporting two-part metric.

5.  Security Considerations

   This document does not introduce new security risks.

6.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Acee Lindem for the idea of
   advertising the network-to-router cost in the stub links and the
   comments on the backward compatiblity issue.  The authors also want
   to thank Abhay Roy and Eric Wu for their comments and suggestions.

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-ospf-mt-ospfv3]
              Mirtorabi, S. and A. Roy, "Multi-topology routing in
              OSPFv3 (MT-OSPFv3)", draft-ietf-ospf-mt-ospfv3-03 (work in
              progress), July 2007.

   [I-D.ietf-ospf-ospfv3-lsa-extend]
              Lindem, A., Mirtorabi, S., Roy, A., and F. Baker, "OSPFv3
              LSA Extendibility", draft-ietf-ospf-ospfv3-lsa-extend-03
              (work in progress), May 2014.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2328]  Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", STD 54, RFC 2328, April 1998.

   [RFC4915]  Psenak, P., Mirtorabi, S., Roy, A., Nguyen, L., and P.
              Pillay-Esnault, "Multi-Topology (MT) Routing in OSPF", RFC
              4915, June 2007.

   [RFC4970]  Lindem, A., Shen, N., Vasseur, JP., Aggarwal, R., and S.
              Shaffer, "Extensions to OSPF for Advertising Optional
              Router Capabilities", RFC 4970, July 2007.

   [RFC5340]  Coltun, R., Ferguson, D., Moy, J., and A. Lindem, "OSPF
              for IPv6", RFC 5340, July 2008.

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   [RFC5613]  Zinin, A., Roy, A., Nguyen, L., Friedman, B., and D.
              Yeung, "OSPF Link-Local Signaling", RFC 5613, August 2009.

7.2.  Informative References

   [RFC6845]  Sheth, N., Wang, L., and J. Zhang, "OSPF Hybrid Broadcast
              and Point-to-Multipoint Interface Type", RFC 6845, January
              2013.

Authors' Addresses

   Jeffrey Zhang
   Juniper Networks, Inc.
   10 Technology Park Drive
   Westford, MA 01886

   EMail: zzhang@juniper.net

   Lili Wang
   Juniper Networks, Inc.
   10 Technology Park Drive
   Westford, MA 01886

   EMail: liliw@juniper.net

   David Dubois
   General Dynamics C4S
   400 John Quincy Adams Road
   Taunton, MA 02780

   EMail: dave.dubois@gdc4s.com

   Vibhor Julka
   L3 Communications, Linkabit
   9890 Towne Centre Drive
   San Diego, CA 92121

   EMail: vibhor.julka@l-3Com.com

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   Tom McMillan
   L3 Communications, Linkabit
   9890 Towne Centre Drive
   San Diego, CA 92121

   EMail: tom.mcmillan@l-3com.com

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