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P-Charge-Info - A Private Header (P-Header) Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
draft-york-p-charge-info-01

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8496.
Authors Dan York , Tolga Asveren
Last updated 2018-01-16 (Latest revision 2018-01-14)
Replaces draft-york-dispatch-p-charge-info
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Document shepherd Jean Mahoney
IESG IESG state Became RFC 8496 (Informational)
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Send notices to Brian Rosen <br@brianrosen.net>, Jean Mahoney <mahoney@nostrum.com>
draft-york-p-charge-info-01
Internet Engineering Task Force                                  D. York
Internet-Draft                                                Individual
Intended status: Informational                                T. Asveren
Expires: July 18, 2018                             Ribbon Communications
                                                        January 14, 2018

  P-Charge-Info - A Private Header (P-Header) Extension to the Session
                       Initiation Protocol (SIP)
                      draft-york-p-charge-info-01

Abstract

   This text documents the current usage of'P-Charge-Info', an existing
   private Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) header (P-header) used to
   convey billing information about the party to be charged.  This
   P-Header is currently used in production by several equipment vendors
   and carriers.  This document is submitted to request the registration
   of this header with IANA.

   NOTE: This document is a slimmed-down version of the document
   previously known as 'draft-york-dispatch-p-charge-info'.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on July 18, 2018.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of

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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Purpose of this Document  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Examples of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.1.  Use Case - Billing Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.2.  Use Case -     Distributed Enterprise . . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.3.  Use Case -     Hosted Telephony Provider  . . . . . . . .   5
   5.  Alternatives  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     5.1.  P-Charging-Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     5.2.  P-DCS-Billing-Info  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     5.3.  P-Asserted-Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   6.  The P-Charge-Info Header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     6.1.  Applicability Statement for the P-Charge-Info header  . .   7
     6.2.  Usage of the P-Charge-Info header . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       6.2.1.  Procedures at the UA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       6.2.2.  Procedures at the Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     6.3.  Example of Usage  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  Formal Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     9.1.  Trust Relationship  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     9.2.  Untrusted Peers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       9.2.1.  Ingress from        Untrusted Peers . . . . . . . . .   9
       9.2.2.  Egress to        Untrusted Peers  . . . . . . . . . .   9
   10. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   11. Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14

1.  Overview

   In certain network configurations, several entities have found it
   useful to decouple the identity of the caller (what is normally
   thought of as "Caller ID") from the identity/number used for billing
   purposes.  This document records the current usage of 'P-Charge-
   Info', a private SIP header, to provide simple billing information

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   and requests the registration of this header with IANA as required by
   section 4.2 of [RFC5727].

   In a typical configuration, the identity of the caller, commonly
   referred to as "Caller ID" by end users, is derived from one of the
   following SIP headers:

   o  P-Asserted-Identity

   o  From (in the absence of P-Asserted-Identity)

   (NOTE: Some service providers today also use the "Remote-Party-ID"
   header but this was replaced by P-Asserted-Identity in [RFC3325].)

   This identity/number is typically presented to the receiving user
   agent (UA) where it is usually displayed for the end user.  It is
   also typically used for billing purposes by the network entities
   involved in carrying the session.

   However, in some network configurations the "Caller ID" presented to
   the receiving UA may be different from the number desired to be used
   for billing purposes.

   For example, the "Caller ID" may not reflect the actual reality of
   the underlying network in terms of costs incurred on the PSTN.  This
   may result in excessive charging of one carrier by another based on
   the erroneous assumption that the call was originating from a
   different point on the PSTN.

   In this case, there exists a need for a way to pass an additional
   billing identifier that can be used between network entities in order
   to correctly bill for services.

   Several carriers and at least one equipment provider, Sonus Networks,
   have been using the "P-Charge-Info" header since at least 2007 as a
   simple mechanism to exchange this billing identifier.

2.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

3.  Purpose of this Document

   This document has been prepared to document the existing deployed
   usage of the P-Charge-Info header and to comply with section 4 of
   [RFC5727] to register this header with IANA.  This document was

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   originally prepared to comply with sections 4.1 and 4.2 of the now
   obsolete RFC 3427.  It is noted that RFC 5727 specifically deprecates
   new usage of "P-" headers, but P-Charge-Info has been in deployment
   since prior to 2007 and pre-dates RFC 5727.  Given this, the authors
   request that P-Charge-Info be admitted as a "grandfathered case" per
   section 4 of RFC 5727.

4.  Examples of the Problem

4.1.  Use Case - Billing Identifier

   The simplest use case for P-Charge-Info is an enterprise environment
   where each SIP endpoint has a direct number that is passed by the
   enterprise SIP proxy across to a SIP proxy at a SIP Service Provider
   who provides PSTN connectivity.  Rather than cause the SIP Service
   Provider to have to track each individual direct number for billing
   purposes, the enterprise SIP proxy sends in the P-Charge-Info header
   a single billing identifier that the SIP Service Provider uses for
   billing purposes.

4.2.  Use Case - Distributed Enterprise

   A second use case is by a large enterprise with a widely distributed
   SIP network to designate the specific point at which PSTN
   interconnection occurs.  Consider an enterprise with a work force and
   offices distributed over a wide geographic area and linked by a
   common internal network over which voice traffic is sent.  Users
   across the network may be able to contact each other directly via SIP
   sessions, but there may only be a relatively few points in the
   network where interconnection occurs to the PSTN.  Consider this
   case:

   o  A branch office in Massachusetts has a series of IP phones that
      are connected via SIP to systems in the main office in Colorado
      and from there via SIP connections to the PSTN through a SIP
      service provider.

   o  The phones in the Massachusetts office have each been assigned a
      direct, local phone number in the US area code of 617.

   o  This local 617 phone number is presented to callers on the PSTN as
      the "Caller ID" based on its inclusion in the From and/or P-
      Asserted-Identity SIP headers.

   o  This local 617 phone number may also be used by the SIP service
      provider as the billing identifier and the call will be charged to
      the enterprise according to the relevant rates.

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   o  However, the call actually connected to the PSTN via the SIP
      connection in the Colorado office where the USA area code is 303.

   Rather than use the direct numbers of each SIP endpoint for
   generating the billing information, the enterprise might choose to
   instead pass the SIP URI of the PSTN interconnection point in the P-
   Charge-Info header, either for simplicity or potentially to obtain
   better rates from the SIP service provider.

4.3.  Use Case - Hosted Telephony Provider

   Similar to the use case of a large enterprise, a hosted telephony
   provider or hosted voice application provider may have a large SIP
   network with customers distributed over a very large geographic area
   using local market PSTN numbers but with only a very few actual PSTN
   interconnection points.

   As with the branch office earlier, the customer may have all local
   phone numbers yet outgoing calls are actually being routed across a
   SIP network and out specific PSTN gateways or across specific SIP
   connections to SIP service providers.  The hosted provider may want
   to pass a billing identifier to its SIP service providers again
   either for the purpose of simplicity in billing or to obtain better
   rates from the SIP service providers.

5.  Alternatives

5.1.  P-Charging-Vector

   P-Charging-Vector is defined in section 4.6 of [RFC3455] and used by
   the 3GPP to carry information related to the charging of a session.
   There are, however, some differences in the semantics associated with
   P-Charging-Vector and P-Charge-Info.  P-Charging-Vector is mainly
   used to carry information for correlation of multiple charging
   records generated for a single session.  On the other hand, P-Charge-
   Info is used to convey information about the party to be billed for a
   call.  Furthermore, P-Charging-Vector has a mandatory icid-value
   parameter which is a globally unique value to identify the session
   for which the charging information is generated.  Such a globally-
   unique identifier is not necessary when carrying information about
   the user to be billed when it is attached to the corresponding
   session-related signaling.

5.2.  P-DCS-Billing-Info

   P-DCS-Billing-Info is defined in section 7 of [RFC3603] and used for
   passing billing information between trusted entities in the
   PacketCable Distributed Call Signaling Architecture.  For many

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   billing situations, particularly the very large-scale residential
   telephone networks for which this header is designed, P-DCS-Billing-
   Info is an excellent solution.  However, this ability to address a
   range of situations adds complexity.  According to RFC 3603, each use
   of the P-DCS-Billing-Info header MUST include in the header the
   following:

   o  Billing-Correlation-ID, a globally unique identifier

   o  Financial-Entity-ID

   o  RKS-Group-ID (record keeping server)

   and may include a variety of additional parameters.

   While this may work well in many billing scenarios, there are other
   billing scenarios that do not at all need this level of complexity.
   In those simpler scenarios all that is needed is simply a number to
   use for billing.  P-Charge-Info provides this simple solution for
   simple billing scenarios.

   Additionally, section 7.3 of RFC 3603 mandates that a UA MUST create
   a Billing-Correlation-ID and insert this into the P-DCS-Billing-Info
   header (along with the other required information) sent in the
   initial SIP INVITE.  This again makes sense for the residential
   telephone service environment for which this header is designed.  In
   contrast, P-Charge-Info is designed to be used among proxies and not
   to be used at all by normal user agents.  (P-Charge-Info may, though,
   by used by user agents associated with PSTN gateways.)

5.3.  P-Asserted-Identity

   Early reviewers of this document asked why the "P-Asserted-Identity"
   header documented in [RFC3325] could not be used.  As mentioned in
   the use case example above, P-Asserted-Identity is used to indicate
   the identity of the calling party.  However, in this instance, the
   requirement is to provide an additional identity of the SIP-to-PSTN
   interconnect point.

   It would be typical to find both P-Asserted-Identity and P-Charge-
   Info used in a SIP exchange.  P-Asserted-Identity would be used to
   provide the caller identity which would be displayed to the end user
   as "Caller ID" while P-Charge-Info would provide the billing
   identifier used for the billing associated with the call.

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6.  The P-Charge-Info Header

6.1.  Applicability Statement for the P-Charge-Info header

   The P-Charge-Info header is applicable within a single private
   administrative domain or between different administrative domains
   where there is a trust relationship between the domains.

6.2.  Usage of the P-Charge-Info header

   The P-Charge-Info header is used to convey information about the
   identity of the party to be charged.  The P-Charge-Info header is
   typically inserted by one of the following:

   o  the SIP proxy on the originating network;

   o  a PSTN gateway acting as a SIP UA; or

   o  an application server generating billing information.

   P-Charge-Info is to be consumed by the SIP entity that provides
   billing services for a session.  This could be an entity generating
   billing records or an entity interacting with another enitity
   generating billing records.  Upon receipt of an INVITE request with
   P-Charge-Info header, such an entity SHOULD use the value present in
   the P-Charge-Info as indicating the party responsible for the charges
   associated with the session.

6.2.1.  Procedures at the UA

   The P-Charge-Info header may be inserted by PSTN gateways or
   application servers acting as a SIP UA.

   The P-Charge-Info header is not used/interpreted by a regular UA and
   should not normally be seen by such a UA.  If the header is
   transmitted to such a UA, the UA SHOULD ignore the header.
   Similarly, a regular UA originating a SIP message should not insert
   this header.

   A PSTN gateway or application server acting as a UA MAY use the
   content of the P-Charge-Info header present in an INVITE request it
   received for billing related procedures, e.g. in a billing record or
   during interaction with another entity generating billing records, as
   the identity of the party to be charged for the session.  A PSTN
   gateway or application server acting as a UA MAY use the content of
   the P-Charge-Info header to populate information about the identity
   of the party to charge in another type of signaling, e.g.  ISUP.

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6.2.2.  Procedures at the Proxy

   A SIP proxy that supports this extension and receives a request,
   typically a SIP INVITE, without the P-Charge-Info header MAY insert a
   P-Charge-Info header.  The contents of the inserted header may be
   decided based on local policy or by querying an external entity to
   determine the identity of the party to be charged.

   A proxy MAY use the content of the P-Charge-Info header present in an
   INVITE request it received for billing related procedures, e.g. in a
   billing record or during interaction with another entity generating
   billing records.

   A SIP proxy that does not support this extension will pass any
   received P-Charge-Info header unmodified in compliance with RFC 3261.

   A proxy supporting this extension SHOULD remove the P-Charge-Info
   header before sending a request to a UA that is not acting as a PSTN
   gateway or appropriate application server.

6.3.  Example of Usage

   The content of the P-Charge-Info header is typically simply a SIP URI
   used as a billing indicator.  As such, an example would be as simple
   as one of:

   P-Charge-Info: <sip:+14075551234@example.net; user=phone>

   P-Charge-Info: <sip:+12349874567@example.com>

   P-Charge-Info: <sip:1234@example.com>

   P-Charge-Info: <sip:user22@example.com>

   Any other applicable SIP URI could be used.

7.  Formal Syntax

   The Private Header specified in this document is described in both
   prose and an augmented Backus-Naur Form (BNF) defined in RFC 2234.
   Further, several BNF definitions are inherited from SIP and are not
   repeated here.  Implementors need to be familiar with the notation
   and contents of [RFC3261] and [RFC2234] to understand this document.

   The syntax of the P-Charge-Info header is described as follows:

         P-Charge-Info = "P-Charge-Info" HCOLON (name-addr / addr-spec)
                 ; name-addr and addr-spec are specified in RFC 3261

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   The SIP URI contained in the name-addr/addr-spec is the billing
   indicator that is passed between the parties.

8.  IANA Considerations

   This document defines a private SIP extension header field.

   The extension is registered as a private extension field:

   RFC Number: RFCXXXX [Note to IANA: Please fill in with the RFC number
   of this specification.

   Header Field Name: P-Charge-Info

   Compact Form: none

9.  Security Considerations

9.1.  Trust Relationship

   Given that the information contained in the P-Charge-Info header will
   be used for billing purposes the proxies and other SIP entities that
   share this information MUST have a trust relationship.

   If an untrusted entity were inserted between the trusted entities, it
   could potentially interfere with the billing records for the call.
   If the SIP connections are not made over a private network, a
   mechanism for securing the confidentiality and integrity of the SIP
   connection should be used to protect the information.  One such
   mechanism could be TLS-encryption of the SIP signaling stream.

9.2.  Untrusted Peers

9.2.1.  Ingress from Untrusted Peers

   If the P-Charge-Info header was accepted by a SIP entity from an
   untrusted peer, there is the potential for fraud if the untrusted
   entity sent incorrect information, either inadvertently or
   maliciously.

   Therefore a SIP entity MUST remove and ignore the P-Charge-Info
   header when it is received from an untrusted entity.

9.2.2.  Egress to Untrusted Peers

   If the P-Charge-Info header was sent by a SIP entity to an untrusted
   peer, there is the potential exposure of network information that is
   internal to a trust domain.  For instance, the untrusted entity may

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   learn the identities of public SIP proxies used within the trust
   domain which could then potentially be directly attacked.

   Therefore a SIP entity MUST remove the P-Charge-Info header when it
   is sent to an untrusted entity.

10.  Acknowledgements

   The authors thank the following people for their comments, criticism,
   suggestions and assistance: Keith Drage, Miguel Garcia, Sumit Garg,
   John Haluska, Juha Heinanen, Christer Holmberg, Paul Kyzivat,
   Jonathan Rosenberg, Tom Taylor and Glen Wang.

11.  Changes

   NOTE TO RFC EDITOR - Please remove this "Changes" section prior to
   publication.  Thank you.

   Revision -01 is a refresh as -00 expired.  The affiliation of Tolga
   Asveren was changed to Ribbon Communications.

   Revision -00 strips out the NPI and NOA parameters to focus only on
   the usage in a pure SIP-to-SIP environment.  Multiple editing changes
   were made for readability.

   NAME CHANGE - The document is now "draft-york-p-charge-info" to
   reflect the fact that the publishing route for the draft is being
   determined.

   Revision -06 updates the text for 2017 and changes Dan York's
   affiliation to "Individual".

   Revision -05 is a refresh as -04 expired.  Several small tweaks were
   also made to narrative text.

   Revision -04 is purely a refresh as -03 expired.

   Revision -03 is purely a refresh as -02 expired.

   Revision -02 is purely a refresh as -01 expired.  My hope is to move
   this document forward soon to put closure on it.

   Revision -01 is purely a refresh as -00 expired.  Only a few minor
   tweaks to this "Changes" section of the document.

   Revision -00 is the initial release of "draft-york-dispatch-p-charge-
   info" and is identical to "draft-york-sipping-p-charge-info-15"
   except for changes to wording to reflect the change to the DISPATCH

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   working group.  The "organization" name for Dan York was also changed
   from blank to "DisTel Research" to remove the confusion that it
   looked like he was also employed by Sonus Networks.

   NAME CHANGE - The document is now "draft-york-dispatch-p-charge-info"
   to reflect the fact that the SIPPING Working Group no longer exists.

   Revision -15 simply fixes a wording error in the abstract in the
   previous revision.  This will also be the last version of 'draft-
   york-sipping-p-charge-info'.  The next version will be 'draft-york-
   dispatch-p-charge-info'.

   Revision -14 incorporates the following changes:

   o  Two examples were updated to include a "+1" at the beginning of
      the SIP URI.

   o  An example was changed to use "example.net" to be compliant with
      RFC 2606.

   o  Dan York's organization was updated to "Individual" (from empty)
      to indicate that his involvement with this draft is purely as an
      individual with no connection to his employer.

   o  The length of time the header has been used in the Introduction
      was changed to 7 years, to reflect the first usage around 2005.

   o  A note was added to the abstract indicating that this is expected
      to be the last version using the name 'draft-york-sipping-p-
      charge-info'.

   o  Informative references were added to RFC 3261 and RFC 2234 to
      address missing references in the text.

   o  Numerous other tweaks to the text for readability.

   Revision -13 has no changes to content and was issued as -12 expired.
   Discussions are under way coming out of IETF 83 on a plan to move
   this draft forward.  As the SIPPING working group no longer exists,
   the draft name needs to change and there are a couple of other
   required changes.

   Revision -12 included the following modifications based on feedback
   from John Haluska and Glen Wang:

   o  Modification of Appendix B to reflect ANSI T1.113 values.

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   Revision -11 represents a fairly significant revision responding to a
   solid review by Paul Kyzivat and providing additional explanation.  A
   major shift was the move to using decimal values for the npi-value
   parameter versus the text values of previous drafts.  Changes
   include:

   o  ABNF definition updated to indicate that npi is now a number vs
      text.

   o  The "npi" and "noa" acronyms were expanded and stated near the
      formal syntax definition.

   o  New section created explicitly mentioning the optional parameters.

   o  Example of optional parameters updated to have npi use a number vs
      text.

   o  Appendix B added to give examples of NOA parameter.

   o  Overview text updated to indicate that P-Charge-Info was been in
      use now for over 5 years (given that the draft has been in
      development for 3 years).

   o  Several small fixes for readability.

   Revision -10 included the following modifications:

   o  Formal ABNF definition updated.

   o  In formal syntax, semicolons added to npi-param and noa-param
      definitions.

   o  npi-param changed to a 'gen-value' to use digits vs text.  Values
      npi-param are shown in Appendix A.

   o  Corrected example to show proper use of parameters.

   o  Updated references to RFC 3427 and RFC 3968 to reference RFC 5727.

   Revision -09 included the following modifications:

   o  Re-submitted with only a date change.  Discussions are ongoing to
      finalize this draft and submit it for expert review.

   Revision -08 included the following modifications:

   o  The ABNF for the "npi-value" was modified to conform to the
      sequence of possible values stated in ANSI T1.113.

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   o  An Appendix A was created listing the values from ANSI T1.113.

   Revision -07 was updated to the "trust200902" IPR statement and added
   references to RFC 3968.  At this point all comments have been
   incorporated and publication will be requested.

   Revision -06 had only a minor correction to the second usage example.
   The IPR statement was also updated to comply with RFC 5378.

   Revision -05 included the following modifications:

   o  The usage of P-Charge-Info for carrying the ISUP Charge Number
      parameter was formally incorporated into the draft.  Previous
      revisions had mentioned it as a possible use case but had not
      really explicitly included it.

   o  The examples/use cases section was expanded to include further
      examples of where P-Charge-Info may be used.

   o  The original use case which discussed inter/intra-state billing
      practices was changed as the geographical references were clouding
      the more fundamental issue.

   o  The "UNKNOWN" value was added to the ABNF for the "npi-value"
      parameter as that was identified as missing but required for ISUP
      interworking.

   o  The optional "Nature of Address" parameter was added to support
      interworking with the ISUP Charge Number.

   Revision -04 corrected a major error in the example where the
   parameter was placed inside the angle brackets.  The P-DCS-Billing-
   Info header was also added as an alternative and a few minor edits
   were made.

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [RFC5727]  Peterson, J., Jennings, C., and R. Sparks, "Change Process
              for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Real-
              time Applications and Infrastructure Area", BCP 67, RFC
              5727, March 2010.

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Internet-Draft     P-Charge-Info, a SIP Private Header      January 2018

12.2.  Informative References

   [RFC3261]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
              A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
              Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
              June 2002.

   [RFC3455]  Garcia-Martin, M., Henrikson, E., and D. Mills, "Private
              Header (P-Header) Extensions to the Session Initiation
              Protocol (SIP) for the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project
              (3GPP)", RFC 3455, January 2003.

   [RFC3325]  Jennings, C., Peterson, J., and M. Watson, "Private
              Extensions to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for
              Asserted Identity within Trusted Networks", RFC 3325,
              November 2002.

   [RFC3603]  Marshall, W. and F. Andreasen, "Private Session Initiation
              Protocol (SIP) Proxy-to-Proxy Extensions for Supporting
              the PacketCable Distributed Call Signaling Architecture",
              RFC 3603, October 2003.

   [RFC2234]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.

Authors' Addresses

   Dan York
   Individual
   Keene, NH
   USA

   Email: dyork@lodestar2.com

   Tolga Asveren
   Ribbon Communications
   NJ
   USA

   Email: tasveren@rbbn.com

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