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The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) P-Private-Network-Indication Private-Header (P-Header)
draft-vanelburg-dispatch-private-network-ind-05

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7316.
Authors Hans Erik van Elburg , Keith Drage , Mayumi Ohsugi, Shida Schubert , Kenjiro Arai
Last updated 2014-03-14 (Latest revision 2014-02-03)
Replaces draft-vanelburg-sipping-private-network-indication
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Stream WG state Submitted to IESG for Publication
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Send notices to ietf.hanserik@gmail.com, drage@alcatel-lucent.com, mayumi.ohsugi@ntt-at.co.jp, shida@ntt-at.com, arai.kenjiro@lab.ntt.co.jp, draft-vanelburg-dispatch-private-network-ind@tools.ietf.org
IANA IANA review state IANA OK - Actions Needed
draft-vanelburg-dispatch-private-network-ind-05
DISPATCH Working Group                                     J. van Elburg
Internet-Draft                                Detecon International Gmbh
Intended status: Informational                                  K. Drage
Expires: August 7, 2014                                   Alcatel-Lucent
                                                               M. Ohsugi
                                                             S. Schubert
                                                                 K. Arai
                                                                     NTT
                                                       February 03, 2014

   The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) P-Private-Network-Indication
                       Private-Header (P-Header)
            draft-vanelburg-dispatch-private-network-ind-05

Abstract

   This document specifies the SIP P-Private-Network-Indication P-header
   used by the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).  The
   P-Private-Network-Indication indicates that the message is part of
   the message traffic of a private network, and identifies that private
   network.  A private network indication allows nodes to treat private
   network traffic according to a different set of rules than the set
   applicable to public network traffic.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 7, 2014.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal

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   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     1.1.  Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     1.2.  Applicability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     1.3.  Backgrounds  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     1.4.  Business communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     1.5.  Indication types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   2.  Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   3.  Definitions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.1.  Traffic  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.2.  Public network traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.3.  Private network traffic  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.4.  Break-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.5.  Break-out  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.6.  Trust domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   4.  Application of terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   5.  Overview of solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   6.  Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     6.1.  Proxy behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       6.1.1.  P-Private-Network-Indication generation  . . . . . . . 12
       6.1.2.  Private-Network-Indication consumption . . . . . . . . 12
       6.1.3.  P-Private-Network-Indication removal . . . . . . . . . 12
       6.1.4.  P-Private-Network-Indication verification  . . . . . . 12
   7.  P-Private-Network-Indication header field definition . . . . . 13
   8.  Security considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   9.  IANA considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   10. Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     11.1. Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     11.2. Informative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Appendix A.  Alternative solutions discussed . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     A.1.  General  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     A.2.  Attribute on existing header field . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     A.3.  Token value on existing header field . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     A.4.  Resource-Priority header field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     A.5.  P-Asserted-Service header field  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     A.6.  Request-Disposition header field . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

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     A.7.  P-Access-Network-Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     A.8.  URI parameter  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     A.9.  New header field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       A.9.1.  General  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       A.9.2.  Full SIP header field  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       A.9.3.  New P-header field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
   Appendix B.  Additional note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     B.1.  Original requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
   Appendix C.  Revision Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     C.1.  version 00, SIPPING  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     C.2.  version 01, SIPPING  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     C.3.  version 02, SIPPING  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     C.4.  version 03, SIPPING  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     C.5.  version 00, DISPATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     C.6.  version 01, DISPATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     C.7.  version 02, DISPATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     C.8.  version 03, DISPATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     C.9.  version 04, DISPATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     C.10. version 04, DISPATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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1.  Introduction

1.1.  Overview

   ETSI TISPAN defined Next Generation Networks (NGN) which uses the
   3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) IMS (IP Multimedia
   Subsystem) which in turn uses SIP (RFC3261 [RFC3261]) as its main
   signaling protocol.  For more information on the IMS, a detailed
   description can be found in 3GPP TS 23.228 [3GPP.23.228] and 3GPP TS
   24.229 [3GPP.24.229]. 3GPP and ETSI TISPAN have identified a set of
   requirements that can be met by defining a new optional SIP header,
   according to the procedures in RFC 5727 [RFC5727].

1.2.  Applicability

   According to RFC 3427 [RFC3427], P-headers have a limited
   applicability.  Specifications of P-headers such as this RFC need to
   clearly document the useful scope of the proposal, and explain its
   limitations and why it is not suitable for the general use of SIP on
   the Internet.

   The P-Private-Network-Indication header field is intended to be used
   in controlled closed networks like 3GPP IMS and ETSI TISPAN NGN
   networks.  The P-Private-Network-Indication header is not intended
   for the general internet environment and is probably not suitable for
   such an environment.

1.3.  Backgrounds

   The P-Private-Network-Indication header field has been referred by
   3GPP IMS specifications and has already been used in some networks as
   an indicator for a specific capability.  The header field has been
   already implemented in some vendors' equipment in some countries.
   RFC 5727 [RFC5727] prohibits the new proposal of P-header "unless
   existing deployments or standards use the prefix already."  The
   P-Private-Network-Indication header field is already used by existing
   deployments and 3GPP standards, therefore, this is exactly the case
   where the P-header is allowed as an exception.

1.4.  Business communication

   ETSI TISPAN has identified a framework [ETSI.181.019] for the support
   of business communication capabilities by the NGN.  As well as the
   direct attachment of Next Generation Corporate Network (NGCN)
   equipment, this includes the capability to "host" functionality
   relating to an enterprise within the NGN itself.

   These hosting arrangements are:

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   a)  virtual leased line, where NGCN sites are interconnected through
       the NGN;

   b)  business trunking application, where the NGN hosts transit
       capabilities between NGCN's, break-in capabilities where the NGN
       converts public network traffic to private network traffic for
       delivery at a served NGCN and break-out capabilities where the
       NGN converts private network traffic from a served NGCN to public
       network traffic; and

   c)  hosted enterprise services, where an NGN hosts originating and/or
       terminating business communication capabilities for business
       communication users that are directly attached to an NGN.

   ETSI TISPAN has requirements that can be met by the introduction of
   an explicit indication for private network traffic.

   The traffic generated or received by a public NGN on behalf of a
   private network can be either:

   1)  public network traffic: traffic sent to or received from an NGN
       for processing according to the rules for ordinary subscribers of
       a public telecommunication network.  This type of traffic is
       known as public network traffic; or

   2)  private network traffic: traffic sent to the NGN for processing
       according to an agreed set of rules specific to an enterprise.
       This type of traffic is known as private network traffic.
       Private network traffic is normally exchanged within a single
       enterprise, but private network traffic can also be exchanged
       between two or more different enterprises, based on some prior
       arrangements, if not precluded for regulatory reasons.

1.5.  Indication types

   A private network indication as proposed by this document indicates
   to the receiving network element (supporting this specification) that
   this request is related to a private network traffic as opposed to a
   public network traffic.  This indication does not identify an end
   user on a private network and is not for delivery to an end user on
   the private network.  It is an indication that special service
   arrangements apply (if such service is configured based on private
   network traffic) for an enterprise, and therefore it is an indication
   of service on behalf of an enterprise, not an indication of service
   to a private network's end user.

   In order to allow NGN IMS nodes to perform different processing, ETSI
   TISPAN formulated the following requirements on NGN.  The NGN shall:

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   a)  distinguish public network traffic from private network traffic;
       and

   b)  distinguish private network traffic belonging to one enterprise
       from that belonging to another enterprise.

   To summarize a few example reasons for a public NGN to make the
   distinction between the two types of traffic:

   1)  Different regulations apply to two types of traffic, for example
       emergency calls may be handled differently depending on the type
       of traffic.

   2)  Different charging regimes may apply.

   3)  Call recording for business reasons (e.g. quality control,
       training, non-repudiation) might apply only to a specific type of
       traffic; and

   4)  Different levels of signaling and/or media transparency may apply
       to the different types of traffic.

   There are several reasons why there is a need for an explicit
   indication in the signaling:

   a)  Caller and callee addresses can not always be used to determine
       whether a certain call is to be treated as private or public
       network traffic.

   b)  Nodes spanning multiple networks often need to have different
       behavior depending upon the type of traffic.  When this is done
       using implicit schemes, enterprise specific logic must be
       distributed across multiple nodes in multiple operator's
       networks.  That is clearly not a manageable architecture and
       solution; and

   c)  There may be cases where treating the call as a public network
       call although both participants are from the same enterprise is
       advantageous to the enterprise.

   Based on the background provided, this document formulates
   requirements for SIP to support an explicit private network
   indication and defines a P-header, P-Private-Network-Indication, to
   support those requirements.

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2.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
   [RFC2119].

3.  Definitions

3.1.  Traffic

   In the context of this document the term traffic is understood as all
   communication pertaining to and/or controlled by a SIP transaction or
   dialog.

3.2.  Public network traffic

   Traffic sent to or received from a public telecommunication network
   for processing according to the rules for ordinary subscribers of a
   public telecommunication network.

3.3.  Private network traffic

   Traffic sent to or received from a public telecommunication network
   for processing according to an agreed set of rules specific to an
   enterprise or a community of closely related enterprises.

3.4.  Break-in

   Act of converting public network traffic to private network traffic.
   The header defined in this specification will be added to indicate
   the traffic is a private network traffic after conversion.

3.5.  Break-out

   Act of converting private network traffic to public network traffic.
   The header defined in this specification will be removed to indicate
   the traffic is a public network traffic after conversion

3.6.  Trust domain

   The term Trust Domain in this document is taken from RFC3324
   [RFC3324].  A trust domain applies to the private network indication.
   The rules for specifying such a trust domain are specified in RFC3324
   [RFC3324] which require the specification of a Spec(T).

   The Spec(T) need not specify the same contents and trust domain

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   boundaries that are used for other header fields like for example the
   P-Asserted-Identity.

4.  Application of terminology

   Figure 1 shows the interconnection of sites belonging to two private
   networks using the public network.  Traffic in the public network
   relating to the interconnection of the two sites of enterprise 1 are
   tagged as private network traffic relating to enterprise 1.  In
   certain cases an enterprise can also choose to send traffic from one
   enterprise site to another enterprise site as public network traffic
   when this is beneficial to the enterprise.  Traffic in the public
   network relating to the interconnection of the two sites of
   enterprise 2 are tagged as private network traffic relating to
   enterprise 2.  Enterprise 1 also generates traffic to public phones
   and this is public network traffic (untagged in the public network).
   There may be circumstances where traffic in the public network
   between two different private networks is tagged as private network
   traffic using a pre- arranged domain name agreed by the two involved
   enterprises.  This is illustrated by the interconnection of the site
   from enterprise 3 and the site from enterprise 4.

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                     +------------------------------+
                     |       private network        |
  +------------+     |<===========traffic==========>|     +------------+
  | enterprise |     |         (enterprise 1)       |     | enterprise |
  |      1     +-----+------------------------------+-----+      1     !
  |   site 1   |     |                              |     |   site 2   |
  +------------+     |                          +---+-----|            |
                     |          public          |   |     |            |
       /--\          |<=========network========>|   |     +------------+
      o /\ o         |          traffic         |   |
       /  \----------+--------------------------+   |
      +----+         |                              |
       public        |                              |
       phone         |                              |
                     |       private network        |
  +------------+     |<===========traffic==========>|     +------------+
  | enterprise |     |         (enterprise 2)       |     | enterprise |
  |      2     +-----+------------------------------+-----+      2     !
  |   site 1   |     |                              |     |   site 2   |
  +------------+     |                              |     +------------+
                     |                              |
                     |       private network        |
  +------------+     |<===========traffic==========>|     +------------+
  | enterprise |     |  (pre-arranged domain name)  |     | enterprise |
  |      3     +-----+------------------------------+-----+      4     !
  |   site 1   |     |                              |     |   site 1   |
  +------------+     |                              |     +------------+
                     |                              |
                     +------------------------------+

                      Figure 1 : Two Private Networks

   Figure 2 shows the interconnection of sites belonging to a private
   network using the public network, and supported in the public network
   by a server providing a business trunking application.  The business
   trunking application provides routing capabilities for the enterprise
   traffic, and supports the identification of calls to and from public
   network users and routing of break-in and break-out of that traffic.
   (Note that the business trunking application may consist of a
   concatenation of application logic provided to the originating
   enterprise site and application logic that is provided to the
   terminating enterprise site.)  Traffic in the public network relating
   to the interconnection of the two sites of enterprise 1 is tagged as
   private network traffic relating to enterprise 1.  The business
   trunking application also routes traffic to public phones and this is
   public network traffic (untagged in the public network).

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                     +-------------------------------------------------+
                     |       private network                           |
  +------------+     |<===========traffic============>+------------+   |
  | enterprise |     |         (enterprise 1)         |            |   |
  |      1     +-----+--------------------------------+            |   |
  |   site 1   |     |                                | business   |   |
  +------------+     |                          +-----+ trunking   |   |
                     |          public          |     | application|   |
       /--\          |<=========network========>|  +--+            |   |
      o /\ o         |          traffic         |  |  |            |   |
       /  \----------+--------------------------+  |  |            |   |
      +----+         |                             |  +------------+   |
       public        |                             |                   |
       phone         |                             |                   |
                     |       private network       |                   |
  +------------+     |<===========traffic=========>|                   |
  | enterprise |     |         (enterprise 1)      |                   |
  |      1     +-----+-----------------------------+                   |
  |   site 2   |     |                                                 |
  +------------+     |                                                 |
                     |                                                 |
                     +-------------------------------------------------+

             Figure 2 : Private Network and Business Trunking

   Figure 3 shows the interconnection of sites belonging to a private
   network on a server providing a hosted enterprise service application
   (also known as Centrex).  The hosted enterprise service application
   supports phones belonging to the enterprise and is also able to route
   traffic to and from public network phones using break-in or break-out
   functionality.  Traffic in the public network relating to the
   interconnection of the site of enterprise 1 and the hosted enterprise
   service belonging to enterprise 1 is tagged as private network
   traffic relating to enterprise 1.  The hosted enterprise service
   application also routes traffic to public phones and this is public
   network traffic (untagged in the public network).  Traffic from the
   enterprise phones would not normally be tagged, but it can be tagged
   as private network traffic.  (Note that the hosted enterprise service
   logic may precede or succeed a business trunking application that
   offers services on behalf of an enterprise site.)

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                     +-------------------------------------------------+
                     |       private network                           |
  +------------+     |<===========traffic============>+------------+   |
  | enterprise |     |         (enterprise 1)         |            |   |
  |      1     +-----+--------------------------------+ hosted     |   |
  |   site 1   |     |                                | enterprise |   |
  +------------+     |                          +-----+ service    |   |
                     |          public          |     | enterprise |   |
       /--\          |<=========network========>|  +--+ 1          |   |
      o /\ o         |          traffic         |  |  |            |   |
       /  \----------+--------------------------+  |  |            |   |
      +----+         |                             |  +------------+   |
       public        |                             |                   |
       phone         |                             |                   |
                     |       private network       |                   |
       /--\          |<===========traffic=========>|                   |
      o /\ o         |         (enterprise 1)      |                   |
       /  \----------+-----------------------------+                   |
      +----+         |                                                 |
      enterprise     |                                                 |
       phone         |                                                 |
                     +-------------------------------------------------+

               Figure 3 : Hosted Service and Private Network

5.  Overview of solution

   The mechanism proposed in this document relies on a new header field
   called 'P-Private-Network-Indication' that contains a private network
   identifier expressed as a domain name, for example:

   P-Private-Network-Indication: example.com

   A proxy server which handles a message MAY insert such a P-Private-
   Network-Indication header field into the message based on
   authentication of the source of a message, configuration or local
   policy.  A proxy server MAY forward the message to other proxies in
   the same administrative domain or proxies in a trusted domain to be
   handled as private network traffic.  A proxy that forwards a message
   to a proxy server or UA that it does not trust MUST remove the
   P-Private-Network-Indication header field before forwarding the
   message.

   The private network identifier expressed as a domain name allows it

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   to be a globally unique identifier, associated with the originating
   and/or terminating enterprise(s).  Domain name is used, as it allows
   reuse of a company owned internet domain name, without requiring an
   additional private network identifier registry.  When the enterprise
   needs more than one identifier it can freely add subdomains under its
   own control.

   The formal syntax for the P-Private-Network-Indication header is
   presented in Section 7.

6.  Behavior

6.1.  Proxy behavior

6.1.1.  P-Private-Network-Indication generation

   Proxies that are responsible for determining certain traffic to be
   treated as private network traffic or contain a break-in function
   that converts incoming public network traffic to private network
   traffic MUST insert a P-Private-Network-Indication header field into
   incoming or outgoing requests for a dialog or for a standalone
   transaction.  The value MUST be set to the private network identifier
   corresponding to the enterprise(s) to which the traffic belongs.

6.1.2.  Private-Network-Indication consumption

   Proxies that are responsible for applying different processing
   behaviors to specific private network traffic MUST support this
   extension.  The P-Private-Network-Indication header field MUST NOT be
   used by a proxy in case it is received in a request from an entity
   that it does not trust, in such a case it MUST be removed before the
   request is forwarded.

6.1.3.  P-Private-Network-Indication removal

   Proxies that are at the edge of the trust domain or contain a break-
   out function that converts incoming private network traffic to public
   network traffic MUST remove the P-Private-Network-Indication header
   field before forwarding a request that contains such a header field.

6.1.4.  P-Private-Network-Indication verification

   When proxies supporting this specification receive a P-Private-
   Network-Indication header field in a SIP request from a trusted node,
   proxies MUST check whether the received domain name in the request is
   the same as the domain name associated with the provisioned domain
   name.  If the received domain name does not match, proxies MUST

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   remove the P-Private-Network-Indication header field.

7.  P-Private-Network-Indication header field definition

   This document defines the SIP P-Private-Network-Indication header
   field.  This header field can be added by a proxy to initial requests
   for a dialog or standalone requests.  The presence of the P-Private-
   Network-Indication header field signifies to proxies that understand
   the header field that the request is to be treated as private network
   traffic.  The P-Private-Network-Indication header field contains a
   domain name value, that allows the private network traffic to be
   associated with an enterprise, to which it belongs and that allows
   proxies that understand this header field to process the request
   according to the local policy configured for a specific
   enterprise(s).

   The augmented Backus-Naur Form (BNF) (RFC5234 [RFC5234]) syntax of
   the P-Private-Network-Indication header field is described below:

  P-Private-Network-Indication =
                         "P-Private-Network-Indication" HCOLON PNI-value
                                                     *(SEMI PNI-param)
  PNI-param                 = generic-param
  PNI-value                 = hostname

   EQUAL, HCOLON, SEMI, hostname and generic-param are defined in
   RFC3261 [RFC3261].

   The following is an example of a P-Private-Network-Indication header
   field:

   P-Private-Network-Indication: example.com

8.  Security considerations

   The private network indication defined in this document MUST only be
   used in an environment where elements are trusted and where attackers
   do not have access to the protocol messages between those elements.
   Traffic protection between network elements can be achieved by using
   IPsec and sometimes by physical protection of the network.  In any
   case, the environment where the private network indication will be
   used ensures the integrity and the confidentiality of the contents of
   this header field.

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   A private network indication received from an untrusted node MUST NOT
   be used and the information MUST be removed from a request or
   response before it is forwarded to entities in the trust domain.

   There is a security risk if a private network indication is allowed
   to propagate out of the trust domain where it was generated.  In that
   case sensitive information would be revealed by such a breach.  To
   prevent such a breach from happening, proxies MUST NOT insert the
   information when forwarding requests to a next hop located outside
   the trust domain.  When forwarding the request to a trusted node,
   proxies MUST NOT insert the header field unless they have sufficient
   knowledge that the route set includes another proxy in the trust
   domain that understands this header field.  There is no automatic
   mechanism to learn the support for this specification.  Proxies MUST
   remove the information when forwarding requests to untrusted nodes or
   when the proxy does not have knowledge of any other proxy in the
   route set that is able to understand this header field.

9.  IANA considerations

   This document defines a new SIP header field: P-Private-Network-
   Indication.  This header field needs to be registered by the IANA in
   the SIP Parameters registry under the Header Fields subregistry.

10.  Acknowledgments

   The authors thank Bruno Chatras, John Elwell and Salvatore Loreto for
   providing comments on an early version of this draft.  Further we
   thank John Elwell for performing the expert review.

11.  References

11.1.  Normative references

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3261]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
              A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
              Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
              June 2002.

   [RFC3324]  Watson, M., "Short Term Requirements for Network Asserted
              Identity", RFC 3324, November 2002.

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   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.

11.2.  Informative references

   [ETSI.181.019]
              ETSI, "Telecommunication and Internet converged Services
              and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Business
              Communication Requirements", ETSI TS 181 019 V2,
              July 2007.

   [3GPP.23.228]
              3GPP, "IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS); Stage 2", 3GPP
              TS 23.228 V8, July 2007.

   [3GPP.24.229]
              3GPP, "Internet Protocol (IP) multimedia call control
              protocol based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and
              Session Description Protocol (SDP); Stage 3", 3GPP
              TS 24.229 V8, July 2007.

   [RFC3427]  Mankin, A., Bradner, S., Mahy, R., Willis, D., Ott, J.,
              and B. Rosen, "Change Process for the Session Initiation
              Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3427, December 2002.

   [RFC3455]  Garcia-Martin, M., Henrikson, E., and D. Mills, "Private
              Header (P-Header) Extensions to the Session Initiation
              Protocol (SIP) for the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project
              (3GPP)", RFC 3455, January 2003.

   [RFC3841]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., and P. Kyzivat, "Caller
              Preferences for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)",
              RFC 3841, August 2004.

   [RFC5727]  Peterson, J., Jennings, C., and R. Sparks, "Change Process
              for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Real-
              time Applications and Infrastructure Area", BCP 67,
              RFC 5727, March 2010.

   [RFC6050]  Drage, K., "A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension
              for the Identification of Services", RFC 6050,
              November 2010.

Appendix A.  Alternative solutions discussed

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   Note: The RFC Editor will remove these Appendixes.

A.1.  General

   It would be technical possible, but extremely complex to perform this
   function without an explicit indication.  For example, a logical
   distinction of proxies to handle private network traffic relating to
   enterprise 1, enterprise 2 and the public network traffic could be
   made by assigning different SIP URIs to these logical entities.  This
   is not regarded as a viable solution.

   Several solutions have been raised and whether or not they are
   suitable and fulfill the requirements need to be discussed:

   o  Attribute on existing header?

   o  Token on some existing header?

   o  Resource-Priority header?

   o  P-Asserted-Service header?

   o  Request-Disposition header?

   o  P-Access-Network-Information header?

   o  URI parameter?

   o  New P-header?

   o  New header?

A.2.  Attribute on existing header field

A.3.  Token value on existing header field

A.4.  Resource-Priority header field

   Some of the distinctive functions are already provided for in this
   header field.  A potential mechanism would be to define a namespace
   for private network traffic.  It would however be impossible to
   define a namespace for each enterprise, and therefore some additional
   parameter would need to be defined to carry the unique identifier of
   the particular enterprise to which the private network traffic
   relates.  Successful usage may also require a tightening of the
   procedures for use of the Resource-Priority header field (much at the
   moment is left to the particular application of this header field).

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   Private network traffic may, but is not necessarily handled with a
   different priority then public network traffic.  Use of the Resource-
   Priority header field however seems to imply that the main focus of
   the indication is on prioritizing private network traffic.  This may
   render use of the Resource-Priority header field as less appropriate
   for our particular purpose.

A.5.  P-Asserted-Service header field

   The services envisaged by the P-Asserted-Service header field
   (RFC6050 [RFC6050]) are those applied to the end user.  The end user
   in these cases is the end user of the enterprise or NGCN, not the
   enterprise itself.  Therefore this header field is not considered
   suitable for this problem.

A.6.  Request-Disposition header field

   The Request-Disposition header field (RFC3841 [RFC3841]) specifies
   caller preferences for how a server should process a request.  The
   caller in these cases is the end user of the enterprise or NGCN, not
   the enterprise itself.  Therefore this header field is not considered
   suitable for this problem.  Further RFC3841 explicitly states that
   the set of request disposition directives is not extensible.

A.7.  P-Access-Network-Information

   The P-Access-Network-Info header field (RFC3455 [RFC3455]) contains
   information about the access network that a UA uses to get IP
   connectivity.  However the access that one uses does not define the
   private network that a call that one sets up is to be part of.

   Particular examples that illustrate this:

   o  A Hosted Enterprise Services user (i.e.  Centrex) uses the access
      of the operator while still being able to setup calls that will
      turn out to be private network traffic.

   o  A corporate network UE that attaches to an operator network, but
      receives services from its home corporate network.

A.8.  URI parameter

   A marking on the entities within the Via header field that are
   treating this as private network traffic.  Potential marking on the
   route header field of entities that are expected to treat it as
   private network traffic.

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A.9.  New header field

A.9.1.  General

   If none of the existing header fields is appropriate a logical step
   is to define a new header field for the private network indication.

A.9.2.  Full SIP header field

   A full SIP header field is appropriate when the usage of this
   information element is more general then closed networks like ETSI
   TISPAN NGN or 3GPP IMS.

A.9.3.  New P-header field

   In case no general usage is foreseen other then usage in closed
   networks like those specified by ETSI TISPAN NGN or 3GPP IMS a
   P-header field seems the appropriate choice.

Appendix B.  Additional note

B.1.  Original requirements

   These requirements were used to develop this specification, but do
   not in themselves form part of that specification.:

   R1:  It is REQUIRED that an indication can be sent in SIP initial
        requests for a dialog or SIP standalone requests to indicate
        that the request or associated session is to be treated
        according to the rules of private network traffic.

   R2:  The indication from R1 can be inserted by a SIP proxy belonging
        to an administrative domain for onward routing and for the
        traffic within that administrative domain, that needs to be so
        distinguished.  The indication is not needed where the traffic
        is assumed to be all public, or where the traffic is assumed to
        be all private (contained within the closed network, not
        crossing any public network).

   R3:  The indication from R1 can be removed by a SIP proxy belonging
        to an administrative domain for onward routing where the traffic
        no longer needs to be so distinguished.  An example exists where
        the traffic reaches an NGCN site where the traffic is assumed to
        be all private network traffic.  Another example is on the final
        hop to the UA.

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   R4:  It is REQUIRED that the indication from R1 allows entities to
        determine the set of rules that are applicable, these rules may
        be enterprise specific.

   R5:  It is REQUIRED that the indication from R1 allows entities
        receiving it to distinguish private network traffic from
        different enterprises.

   R6:  The identifier to distinguish private network traffic belonging
        to one enterprise from that belonging to another enterprise MUST
        be globally unique.  Business communication arrangements for any
        particular enterprise can be expected to span multiple NGN
        operators potentially in multiple countries.

   Note: The indication from R1 relates primarily to the SIP signaling.
         Applying the same concept to media may be possible, but is not
         necessarily meaningful where media is routed differently from
         signaling.

Appendix C.  Revision Information

C.1.  version 00, SIPPING

   1.  2008-02-18, Initial version

C.2.  version 01, SIPPING

   1.  2008-02-23, Added a solution based on a new header field.  Added
       Overview, Behavior and Header Definition sections.  Updated the
       trust domain definition.  Improved some of the existing text
       based on comments from John Elwell.

C.3.  version 02, SIPPING

   1.  2008-07-11, Changed to a P-header field.  Changed title.  Added
       Terminology application and Applicability sections.  Moved the
       Potential solutions section to appendix Alternative solutions
       discussed.

C.4.  version 03, SIPPING

   1.  2009-02-19, Updated boilerplate.

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C.5.  version 00, DISPATCH

   1.  2009-07-06, Updates as result of Expert review.  Moved to
       DISPATCH.

C.6.  version 01, DISPATCH

   1.  2010-06-15, Resubmission.  Authors address changed.  No content
       changes.  Moved reference to RFC3427 to informative section as it
       is deprecated by RFC5727 [RFC5727].

C.7.  version 02, DISPATCH

   1.  2013-07-12, Updates according to the comments after Expert
       review.  Some changes for the consistency with other RFCs that
       specify P-headers.  Some editorial changes.

C.8.  version 03, DISPATCH

   1.  2013-09-12, Updates according to the discussion in DISPATCH list.

C.9.  version 04, DISPATCH

   1.  2013-12-03, Updates according to the discussion in DISPATCH list.

C.10.  version 04, DISPATCH

   1.  2013-01-29, Updates according to the discussion in DISPATCH list
       and moved the original requirements that drove this draft to an
       appendix.

Authors' Addresses

   Hans Erik van Elburg
   Detecon International Gmbh
   Oberkasselerstrasse 2
   Bonn  53227
   Germany

   Email: ietf.hanserik@gmail.com

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   Keith Drage
   Alcatel-Lucent
   The Quadrant, Stonehill Green, Westlea
   Swindon  SN5 7DJ
   UK

   Email: drage@alcatel-lucent.com

   Mayumi Ohsugi
   NTT Corporation

   Phone: +81 422 36 7502
   Email: mayumi.ohsugi@ntt-at.co.jp

   Shida Schubert
   NTT Corporation

   Phone: +1 415 323 9942
   Email: shida@ntt-at.com

   Kenjiro Arai
   NTT Corporation
   9-11, Midori-cho 3-Chome
   Musashino-shi, Tokyo  180-8585
   Japan

   Phone: +81 422 59 3518
   Email: arai.kenjiro@lab.ntt.co.jp
   URI:   http://www.ntt.co.jp

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