Skip to main content

TLS Authentication using IEEE 1609.2 certificate
draft-msahli-ise-ieee1609-01

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8902.
Authors Telecom Paristech , Nancy Cam-Winget
Last updated 2019-08-15 (Latest revision 2019-07-23)
Replaces draft-msahli-ipwave-extension-ieee1609
RFC stream Independent Submission
Formats
IETF conflict review conflict-review-msahli-ise-ieee1609, conflict-review-msahli-ise-ieee1609, conflict-review-msahli-ise-ieee1609, conflict-review-msahli-ise-ieee1609, conflict-review-msahli-ise-ieee1609, conflict-review-msahli-ise-ieee1609, conflict-review-msahli-ise-ieee1609, conflict-review-msahli-ise-ieee1609
Additional resources
Stream ISE state Response to Review Needed
Awaiting Reviews
Consensus boilerplate Unknown
Document shepherd Eliot Lear
IESG IESG state Became RFC 8902 (Experimental)
Telechat date (None)
Responsible AD (None)
Send notices to Adrian Farrel <rfc-ise@rfc-editor.org>
draft-msahli-ise-ieee1609-01
Network Working Group                                     M. Msahli, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                         Telecom ParisTech
Intended status: Experimental                         N. Cam-Winget, Ed.
Expires: February 15, 2020                                         Cisco
                                                         August 14, 2019

            TLS Authentication using IEEE 1609.2 certificate
                      draft-msahli-ise-ieee1609-01

Abstract

   This document specifies the use of the IEEE/ETSI certificate type to
   authenticate TLS entities.  The goal is to enable the use of end-
   entity certificate specified by the IEEE and the European
   Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).  This specification
   defines an experimental change of TLS to support IEEE/ETSI
   certificate type.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on February 15, 2020.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020               [Page 1]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Experiment Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Requirements Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Extension Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  TLS Client and Server Handshake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.1.  Client Hello  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.2.  Server Hello  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   5.  Certificate Verification  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  Examples  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     6.1.  TLS Server and TLS Client use the 1609Dot2 Certificate  .   8
     6.2.  TLS Client uses the IEEE 1609.2 certificate and TLS
           Server uses the X.509 certificate . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   8.  Privacy Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   9.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   10. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   11. Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   Appendix A.  Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12

1.  Introduction

   The TLS protocol [RFC8446] [RFC5246] uses X.509 certificates and Raw
   Public Key in order to authenticate servers and clients.  This
   document describes an experimental extension following the [RFC7250]
   to support use of the certificate format specified by the IEEE in
   [IEEE1609.2] and profiled by the European Telecommunications
   Standards Institute (ETSI) in [TS103097].  These standards specify
   secure communications in vehicular environments.  The certificate
   types are optimized for bandwidth and processing time to support
   delay-sensitive applications, and also to provide both authentication
   and authorization information to enable fast access control decisions
   in ad hoc networks such as are found in Intelligent Transportation
   Systems (ITS).  The standards specify different types of certificate
   to support a full Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) specification; the
   certificates to be used in this context are end-entity certificates,
   i.e. certificates that have the 1609.2 appPermissions field present.

1.1.  Experiment Overview

   This document describes an experimental extension of TLS security
   model.  We are using a form of certificate that has not traditionally
   been used in the Internet.  Systems using this Experimental approach

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020               [Page 2]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

   are segregated from system using standard TLS by the use of a new
   Certificate Type value, reserved through IANA.  The implementation of
   TLS is not involved in the Experiment and it will not be able to
   interact with an Experimental implementation.  In fact, an
   implementation of TLS can recognize that the Certificate Type value
   used in this document is unknown.  This extension has been encouraged
   by stakeholders in the Cooperative ITS community including ISO
   internationally, and SAE in the US and ETSI in EU , in order to
   support the deployment of a number of use cases in cooperative ITS
   and it is anticipated that its use will be widespread.

2.  Requirements Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174]when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

3.  Extension Overview

   For TLS 1.2[RFC5246], the "extension_data" field SHALL follow the
   [RFC7250].  In case of TLS 1.3, the "extension_data" field SHALL
   contain a list of supported certificate types proposed by the client
   as provided in the figure below:

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020               [Page 3]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

     /* Managed by IANA */
      enum {
          X509(0),
          RawPublicKey(2),
          1609Dot2(3),
          (255)
      } CertificateType;

      struct {
          select (certificate_type) {

              /* certificate type defined in this document.*/
               case 1609Dot2:
               opaque cert_data<1..2^24-1>;

               /* RawPublicKey defined in RFC 7250*/
              case RawPublicKey:
              opaque ASN.1_subjectPublicKeyInfo<1..2^24-1>;

              /* X.509 certificate defined in RFC 5246*/
              case X.509:
              opaque cert_data<1..2^24-1>;

               };

             Extension extensions<0..2^16-1>;
         } CertificateEntry;

   In case where the TLS server accepts the described extension, it
   selects one of the certificate types.  Note that a server MAY
   authenticate the client using other authentication methods.

4.  TLS Client and Server Handshake

   The "client_certificate_type" and "server_certificate_type"
   extensions MUST be sent in handshake phase as illustrated in figure 1
   below.

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020               [Page 4]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

   Client                                           Server

 Key  ^ ClientHello
 Exch | + server_certificate_type*
      | + client_certificate_type*
      | + key_share*
      v + signature_algorithms*       -------->
                                                   ServerHello  ^ Key
                                                  + key_share*  v Exch
                                         {EncryptedExtensions}  ^ Server
                                    {+ server_certificate_type*}| Params
                                    {+ client_certificate_type*}|
                                         {CertificateRequest*}  v
                                                {Certificate*}  ^
                                          {CertificateVerify*}  | Auth
                                                    {Finished}  v
                                <-------   [Application Data*]
      ^ {Certificate*}
 Auth | {CertificateVerify*}
      v {Finished}              -------->
        [Application Data]      <------->   [Application Data]

               +  Indicates noteworthy extensions sent in the
                  previously noted message.

               *  Indicates optional or situation-dependent
                  messages/extensions that are not always sent.

               {} Indicates messages protected using keys
                  derived from a [sender]_handshake_traffic_secret.

               [] Indicates messages protected using keys
                  derived from [sender]_application_traffic_secret_N.

    Figure 1: Message Flow with certificate type extension for Full TLS
                               1.3 Handshake

   In case of TLS 1.3 and in order to negotiate the support of IEEE
   1609.2 or ETSI TS 103097 certificate-based authentication, the
   clients and the servers MAY include the extension of type
   "client_certificate_type" and "server_certificate_type" in the
   extended Client Hello and "EncryptedExtensions".  In case of TLS 1.2,
   used extensions are in Client Hello and Server Hello.

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020               [Page 5]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

4.1.  Client Hello

   In order to indicate the support of IEEE 1609.2 or ETSI TS 103097
   certificates, client MUST include an extension of type
   "client_certificate_type" or "server_certificate_type" in the
   extended Client Hello message as described in Section 4.1.2 of TLS
   1.3 [RFC8446].

   The extension 'client_certificate_type' sent in the Client Hello MAY
   carry a list of supported certificate types, sorted by client
   preference.  It is a list in the case where the client supports
   multiple certificate types.

   In both TLS 1.2 and 1.3, the rules if client Certificate and
   CertificateVerify messages appear is as follows:

      - Client Certificate message is present if and only if server sent
      a CertificateRequest message.

      - Client CertificateVerify message is present if and only if the
      Client Certificate message is present and contains non-empty
      certificate list.

   All implementations SHOULD be prepared to handle extraneous
   certificates and arbitrary orderings from any TLS version, with the
   exception of the end-entity certificate which MUST be first.

4.2.  Server Hello

   When the server receives the Client Hello containing the
   client_certificate_type extension and/or the server_certificate_type
   extension, the following options are possible:

      - The server supports the extension described in this document.
      It selects a certificate type from the client_certificate_type
      field in the extended Client Hello and SHALL take into account the
      client authentication list priority.

      - The server does not support any of the proposed certificate type
      and terminates the session with a fatal alert of type
      "unsupported_certificate".

      - The server does not support the extension defined in this
      document.  In this case, the server returns the Server Hello
      without the extensions defined in this document.

      - The server supports the extension defined in this document, but
      it does not have any certificate type in common with the client.

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020               [Page 6]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

      Then, the server terminates the session with a fatal alert of type
      "unsupported_certificate".

      - The server supports the extensions defined in this document and
      has at least one certificate type in common with the client.  In
      this case, the server MAY include the client_certificate_type
      extension in the Server Hello for TLS 1.2 or in Encrypted
      Extension for TLS 1.3.  Then, the server requests a certificate
      from the client (via the certificate_request message)

   It is worth to mention that the TLS client or server public keys are
   obtained from an online repository.

5.  Certificate Verification

   Verification of an IEEE 1609.2/ ETSI TS 103097 certificates or
   certificate chain is described in section 5.1 of [IEEE1609.2].  In
   the case of TLS 1.3 and when the certificate_type is 1609Dot2, the
   CertificateVerify contents and processing are different than for the
   CertificateVerify message specified for other values of
   certificate_type in [RFC8446].  In this case, the CertificateVerify
   message contains a Canonical Octet Encoding Rules (COER)[ITU-TX.696]
   -encoded IEEE1609Dot2Data of type signed as specified in
   [IEEE1609.2], [IEEE1609.2b], where:

      payload contains an extDataHash containing the SHA-256 hash of the
      data the signature is calculated over.  This is identical to the
      data the signature is calculated over in standard TLS, which is
      reproduced below for clarity.

      psid indicates the application activity that the certificate is
      authorizing.

      generationTime is the current time.

      pduFunctionalType (as specified in [IEEE1609.2b]) is present and
      is set equal to tlsHandshake (1).

   All other fields in the headerInfo are omitted.

   The certificate appPermissions field shall be present and shall
   permit (as defined in 1609.2) signing of PDUs with the PSID indicated
   in the HeaderInfo of the SignedData.  If the application
   specification for that PSID requires Service Specific Permissions
   (SSP) for signing a pduFunctionalType of tlsHandsahke, this SSP shall
   also be present.

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020               [Page 7]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

   The message input to the signature calculation is the usual message
   input for TLS 1.3, as specified in [RFC8446] section 4.4.3,
   consisting of pad, context string, separator and content, where
   content is Transcript- Hash(Handshake Context, Certificate).

   The signature and verification are carried out as specified in
   [IEEE1609.2].

6.  Examples

   Some of exchanged messages examples are illustrated in Figures 2 and
   3.

6.1.  TLS Server and TLS Client use the 1609Dot2 Certificate

   This section shows an example where the TLS client as well as the TLS
   server use the IEEE 1609.2 certificate.  In consequence, both the
   server and the client populate the client_certificate_type and
   server_certificate_type with extension IEEE 1609.2 certificates as
   mentioned in figure 2.

      Client                                           Server

   ClientHello,
   client_certificate_type=1609Dot2,
   server_certificate_type=1609Dot2,   -------->     ServerHello,
                                            {EncryptedExtensions}
                               {client_certificate_type=1609Dot2}
                               {server_certificate_type=1609Dot2}
                                             {CertificateRequest}
                                                    {Certificate}
                                              {CertificateVerify}
                                                       {Finished}
     {Certificate}           <-------          [Application Data]
     {CertificateVerify}
     {Finished}              -------->
     [Application Data]      <------->         [Application Data]

    Figure 2: TLS Client and TLS Server use the IEEE 1609.2 certificate

6.2.  TLS Client uses the IEEE 1609.2 certificate and TLS Server uses
      the X.509 certificate

   This example shows the TLS authentication, where the TLS Client
   populates the server_certificate_type extension with the X.509
   certificate and Raw Public Key type as presented in figure 3. the
   client indicates its ability to receive and to validate an X.509

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020               [Page 8]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

   certificate from the server.  The server chooses the X.509
   certificate to make its authentication with the Client.

   Client                                           Server
   ClientHello,
   client_certificate_type=(1609Dot2),
   server_certificate_type=(1609.9Dot,
   X509,RawPublicKey),         ----------->         ServerHello,
                                           {EncryptedExtensions}
                              {client_certificate_type=1609Dot2}
                                  {server_certificate_type=X509}
                                                   {Certificate}
                                             {CertificateVerify}
                                                      {Finished}
                               <---------     [Application Data]
   {Finished}                  --------->
   [Application Data]          <-------->     [Application Data]

   Figure 3: TLS Client uses the IEEE 1609.2 certificate and TLS Server
                        uses the X.509 certificate

7.  Security Considerations

   This section provides an overview of the basic security
   considerations which need to be taken into account before
   implementing the necessary security mechanisms.  The security
   considerations described throughout [RFC8446] regarding the supported
   groups and signature algorithms apply here as well.

   TLS extensions to be considered are:

      The "client_certificate_type" [IANA value 19] extension who's
      purpose was previously described in [RFC7250].

      The "server_certificate_type" [IANA value 20] extension who's
      purpose was previously described in [RFC7250].

   This specification does not address the security of online
   repository.

8.  Privacy Considerations

   For privacy considerations in a vehicular environment the use of IEEE
   1609.2/ETSI TS 103097 certificate is recommended for many reasons:

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020               [Page 9]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

      In order to address the risk of a personal data leakage, messages
      exchanged for V2V communications are signed using IEEE 1609.2/ETSI
      TS 103097 pseudonym certificates

      The purpose of these certificates is to provide privacy relying on
      geographical and/or temporal validity criteria, and minimizing the
      exchange of private data

9.  IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to update the registry to reference the RFC:
   https://www.iana.org/assignments/tls-extensiontype-values/tls-
   extensiontype-values.xhtml to point to this document.

10.  Acknowledgements

   The authors wish to thank Eric Rescola , Russ Housley and Ilari
   Liusvaara for their feedback and suggestions on improving this
   document.  Thanks are due to Sean Turner for his valuable and
   detailed comments.  Special thanks to Panos Kampanakis, Jasja Tijink
   and Maik Seewald for their guidance and support of the draft.

11.  Normative References

   [IEEE1609.2]
              "IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular
              Environments - Security Services for Applications and
              Management Messages", 2016.

   [IEEE1609.2b]
              "IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular
              Environments--Security Services for Applications and
              Management Messages - Amendment 2--PDU Functional Types
              and Encryption Key Management", 2019.

   [ITU-TX.696]
              "Procedures for the operation of object identifier
              registration authorities: General procedures and top arcs
              of the international object identifier tree", July 2011.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", March 1997.

   [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", August 2008.

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020              [Page 10]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

   [RFC7250]  Wouters, P., Tschofenig, H., Weiler, S., and T.  Kivinen,
              "Using Raw Public Keys in Transport Layer Security (TLS)
              and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)", June 2014.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", May 2017.

   [RFC8446]  Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
              Version 1.3", August 2018.

   [TS103097]
              "ETSI TS 103 097 : Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);
              Security; Security header and certificate formats".

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020              [Page 11]
Internet-Draft   IEEE and ETSI Certificate Types for TLS     August 2019

Appendix A.  Contributors

   o  Houda Labiod
      Telecom ParisTech
      houda.labiod@telecom-paristech.fr

   o  Ahmed Serhrouchni
      Telecom ParisTech
      ahmed.serhrouchni@telecom-paristech.fr

   o  William Whyte
      Onboard Security
      wwhyte@onboardsecurity.com

Authors' Addresses

   Mounira Msahli (editor)
   Telecom ParisTech
   France

   EMail: mounira.msahli@telecom-paristech.fr

   Nancy Cam-Winget (editor)
   Cisco
   USA

   EMail: ncamwing@cisco.com

Msahli & Cam-Winget     Expires February 15, 2020              [Page 12]