New Cryptographic Algorithms for HIP
draft-moskowitz-hip-new-crypto-07

HIP                                                         R. Moskowitz
Internet-Draft                                            HTT Consulting
Updates: 7401, 7402 (if approved)                                S. Card
Intended status: Standards Track                         A. Wiethuechter
Expires: 4 July 2021                                       AX Enterprize
                                                        31 December 2020

                  New Cryptographic Algorithms for HIP
                   draft-moskowitz-hip-new-crypto-07

Abstract

   This document provides new cryptographic algorithms to be used with
   HIP.  The Edwards Elliptic Curve and the Keccak sponge functions are
   the main focus.  The HIP parameters and processing instructions
   impacted by these algorithms are defined.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 4 July 2021.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text
   as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                  [Page 1]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  Requirements Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.2.  Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  HIP Parameter values for new Crytpo . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  Elliptic Curves for Diffie-Hellman  . . . . . . . . . . .   4
       3.1.1.  DIFFIE_HELLMAN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  Edward Digital Signature Algorithm for HITs . . . . . . .   5
       3.2.1.  HOST_ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
       3.2.2.  HIT_SUITE_LIST  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  Hashing with Sponge Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
       3.3.1.  Hashing with the Sponge Functions . . . . . . . . . .   7
       3.3.2.  RHASH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       3.3.3.  HIP_MAC and HIP_MAC2  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.4.  HIP Cipher  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.4.1.  HIP_CIPHER  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     3.5.  ESP Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.5.1.  ESP_TRANSFORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   4.  Generating a HIT from an HI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   5.  HIP KEYMAT Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     5.1.  The Keccak KEYMAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     5.2.  The Xoodyak Keyed MAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   6.  Pseudorandom Function (PRF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     8.1.  Keymat vulnerabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     8.2.  KMAC Security as a KDF  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   9.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15

1.  Introduction

   This document adds new cryptographic algorithms for HIPv2 [RFC7401]
   and [RFC7402].  This includes:

   *  New elliptic curves for ECDH.

   *  The Edwards Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)
      used in Host Identities (HI) and for Base Exchange (BEX)
      signatures.

   *  Hashes used in Host Identity Tag (HIT) generation, and wherever
      else hashes are needed.

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                  [Page 2]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

   *  Keyed hashes used for KEYMAT generation and packet MACing
      operations.

   *  AEAD and stream ciphers to use in HIP and HIP enabled secure
      communication protocols.

   The hashes and encryption are all built on the Keccak [Keccak] sponge
   function and the Xoodyak [Xoodyak] Lightweight Cryptography
   candidate.

   These additions reflect selection of advances in the field of
   cryptography that would best benefit HIP, particularly in constrained
   devices and communications.

   Ed Note: The Xoodyak function calls should be considered the 1st best
   effort.  There are a few areas open for discussion, like which of the
   3 choices for adding in the nonce to the AEAD mode and when to use
   counter and Id.  Also there may be copy errors from the source
   specification, nicer function calls, better acroynms.

2.  Terms and Definitions

2.1.  Requirements Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.2.  Definitions

   Keccak (KECCAK Message Authentication Code):
      The family of all sponge functions with a KECCAK-f permutation as
      the underlying function and multi-rate padding as the padding
      rule.

   KMAC (KECCAK Message Authentication Code):
      A PRF and keyed hash function based on KECCAK.

   cSHAKE (The customizable SHAKE function):
      Extends the SHAKE scheme to allow users to customize their use of
      the function.

   Dec function (Doubly-Extendable Cryptographic function):
      An extendable output function (XOF) that accepts sequences of
      strings as input and that supports incremental queries
      efficiently.

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                  [Page 3]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

   Deck function (Doubly-Extendable Cryptographic Keyed function):
      A keyed function that takes a sequence of input strings and
      returns a pseudorandom string of arbitrary length and that can be
      computed incrementally.

   SHAKE (Secure Hash Algorithm KECCAK):
      A secure hash that allows for an arbitrary output length.

   PRF (Pseudorandom Function):
      A function that can be used to generate output from a random seed
      such that the output is computationally indistinguishable from
      truly random output.

   XHASH (Xoodyak Hash Algorithm):
      A secure hash, based on Xoodyak, that allows for an arbitrary
      output length.

   XKHASH (Xoodyak keyed Hash Algorithm):
      A keyed secure hash, based on Xoodyak, that allows for an
      arbitrary output length.

   XOF (eXtendable-Output Function):
      A function on bit strings (also called messages) in which the
      output can be extended to any desired length.

3.  HIP Parameter values for new Crytpo

   HIP parameters carry information that is necessary for establishing
   and maintaining a HIP association.  For example, the device's public
   keys as well as the signaling for negotiating ciphers and payload
   handling are encapsulated in HIP parameters.  Additional information,
   meaningful for end hosts or middleboxes, may also be included in HIP
   parameters.  The specification of the HIP parameters and their
   mapping to HIP packets and packet types is flexible to allow HIP
   extensions to define new parameters and new protocol behavior.

3.1.  Elliptic Curves for Diffie-Hellman

   Elliptic curves Curve25519 and Curve448 [RFC7748] are specified here
   for use in the HIP Diffie-Hellman exchange.

   Curve25519 and Curve448 are already defined in Section 5.2.1 of
   [hip-dex], using the HIP-DEX CKDF.  Here they are defined for using
   the new KMAC [NIST.SP.800-185] or XMAC [Xoodyak] derived KDF in
   Section 5.

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                  [Page 4]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

3.1.1.  DIFFIE_HELLMAN

   The DIFFIE_HELLMAN parameter may be included in selected HIP packets
   based on the DH Group ID selected.  The DIFFIE_HELLMAN parameter is
   defined in Section 5.2.7 of [RFC7401].

   The following Elliptic Curves are defined here:

   Group                              KDF              Value

   Curve25519 [RFC7748]               KKDF             13
   Curve448   [RFC7748]               KKDF             14

   A new KDF for KEYMAT, Section 6.5 of [RFC7401] using Keccak or
   Xoodyak is defined in Section 5.

3.2.  Edward Digital Signature Algorithm for HITs

   This section is extracted from Appendix D of [drip-rid].  It may
   later be pulled and only maintained there.

   Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) [RFC8032] are
   specified here for use as Host Identities (HIs) per HIPv2 [RFC7401].
   Further the HIT_SUITE_LIST is specified as used in [RFC7343].

3.2.1.  HOST_ID

   The HOST_ID parameter specifies the public key algorithm, and for
   elliptic curves, a name.  The HOST_ID parameter is defined in
   Section 5.2.19 of [RFC7401].

        Algorithm
        profiles         Values

        EdDSA            13 [RFC8032]

   For hosts that implement EdDSA as the algorithm, the following ECC
   curves are available:

        Algorithm    Curve            Values

        EdDSA        RESERVED         0
        EdDSA        EdDSA25519       1 [RFC8032]
        EdDSA        EdDSA25519ph     2 [RFC8032]
        EdDSA        EdDSA448         3 [RFC8032]
        EdDSA        EdDSA448ph       4 [RFC8032]

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                  [Page 5]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

3.2.2.  HIT_SUITE_LIST

   The HIT_SUITE_LIST parameter contains a list of the supported HIT
   suite IDs of the Responder.  Based on the HIT_SUITE_LIST, the
   Initiator can determine which source HIT Suite IDs are supported by
   the Responder.  The HIT_SUITE_LIST parameter is defined in
   Section 5.2.10 of [RFC7401].

   The following HIT Suite ID is defined, and the relationship between
   the four-bit ID value used in the OGA ID field and the eight-bit
   encoding within the HIT_SUITE_LIST ID field is clarified:

        HIT Suite       Four-bit ID    Eight-bit encoding
        RESERVED            0             0x00
        EdDSA/cSHAKE128     5             0x50
        EdDSA/XMAC          6             0x60

   The following table provides more detail on the above HIT Suite
   combinations.  The input for each generation algorithm is the
   encoding of the HI as defined herein.

   The output of cSHAKE128 and XMAC (Xoodyak) are variable per the needs
   of a specific ORCHID construction.  It is at most 96 bits long and is
   directly used in the ORCHID (without truncation).

     +=======+===========+=========+===========+====================+
     | Index | Hash      | HMAC    | Signature | Description        |
     |       | function  |         | algorithm |                    |
     |       |           |         | family    |                    |
     +=======+===========+=========+===========+====================+
     |     5 | cSHAKE128 | KMAC128 | EdDSA     | EdDSA HI hashed    |
     |       |           |         |           | with cSHAKE128,    |
     |       |           |         |           | output is variable |
     +-------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------------+
     |     6 | XMAC      | XKMAC   | EdDSA     | EdDSA HI hashed    |
     |       |           |         |           | with XMAC, output  |
     |       |           |         |           | is variable        |
     +-------+-----------+---------+-----------+--------------------+

                           Table 1: HIT Suites

3.3.  Hashing with Sponge Functions

   The Sponge Function is ideal for hashing and here is used as an
   alternative to all the hashing functions in HIP.  The analogy to a
   sponge for this function is that an arbitrary number of input bits
   are "absorbed" into the state of the function, after which an
   arbitrary number of output bits are "squeezed" out of its state.

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                  [Page 6]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

3.3.1.  Hashing with the Sponge Functions

   Keccak, and the more recent Xoodyak algorithms are called sponge
   functions.  The analogy to a sponge is that an arbitrary number of
   input bits are "absorbed" into the state of the function, after which
   an arbitrary number of output bits are "squeezed" out of its state.

3.3.1.1.  The Keccak Hash

   The Keccak [Keccak] sponge function is the basis for the new SHA-3,
   standard [NIST.FIPS.202], and the customized XOF functions in
   [NIST.SP.800-185].

   Hardware implementation of Keccak in VHDL is available from Keccak
   [Keccak].

   The cSHAKE XOF hash function in [NIST.SP.800-185] will be used.  It
   is a variable output length hash function.  As such it does not use
   the truncation operation that other hashes need.  The invocation of
   cSHAKE specifies the desired number of bits in the hash output.
   Further, cSHAKE has a parameter 'S' as a customization bit string.
   This parameter will be used for including hash specific customization
   like the ORCHID Context Identifier in a standard fashion.

3.3.1.2.  The Xoodyak Hash

   The Xoodyak [Xoodyak] sponge function is a candidate in the NIST
   Lightweight Cryptography (LWC) Standardization process.  LWC
   originally targeted the need of a lightweight AEAD cipher, but
   fortunately many of the candidates, including Xoodyak, have included
   hashing, keyed hashing, and encrypt only modes.  Xoodyak has been
   selected here from the LWC 2nd round candidates as it was developed
   by the Keccak team, making it more directly in line with Keccak.

   Xoodyak can be used as a hash function.  More generally, it can serve
   as an extendable output function (XOF), the generalization of a hash
   function with arbitrary output length.

   As the Koodyak specification does not provide simple function calls,
   rather a set of calls to use to construct the various modes, the
   appropriate calls will be detailed below.  Xoodyak as a hash will be
   called "XHASH".  To get a n-byte digest of some input x {XHASH(n,
   x)}, one can use Xoodyak as follows:

        Cyclist(ε,ε,ε)
        Absorb(x)
        Squeeze(n)

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                  [Page 7]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

   Xoodyak can also naturally implement a Dec function and process a
   sequence of strings.  Here the output depends on the sequence as such
   and not just on the concatenation of the different strings.  To
   compute a n-byte digest over the sequence

        x3 ◦ x2 ◦ x1

   {XHASH(n, x3,x2,x1)}, one does:

        Cyclist(ε,ε,ε)
        Absorb(x1)
        Absorb(x2)
        Absorb(x3)
        Squeeze(n)

   The equivalent of the parameter 'S' in cSHAKE above can be
   implemented as the last Absorb call in the Dec function.

3.3.2.  RHASH

   RHASH is the general term used throughout [RFC7401] to refer to the
   hash used for a specific HIT suite.  For this addendum SHAKE128 for
   Keccak or XHASH for Xoodyak is used, even for HIs of EdDSA448.

   Unless otherwise specified, L of SHAKE128 or n of XHASH is 256,
   resulting in a similar output to SHA256.  Any truncation used for,
   older, fixed output hashes is still used.  This is to simplify code
   integration.  One exception to this is in Section 4.

3.3.3.  HIP_MAC and HIP_MAC2

   The HIP_MAC and HIP_MAC2 parameters in [RFC7401] use HMAC [RFC2104].
   This performs two hashes on a string with a key for a keyed hash the
   length of the underlying hash.

3.3.3.1.  The Keccak Keyed MAC

   Here, KMAC from NIST SP 800-185 [NIST.SP.800-185] is used.  This is a
   single pass using the underlying cSHAKE function.  The function call
   is:

        KMAC128(Key, Input String, 256, "")

3.3.3.2.  The Xoodyak Keyed MAC

   Here, XKMAC from [Xoodyak] is used.  The function calls are:

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                  [Page 8]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

        Cyclist(Key,Id,ε)
        Absorb(Input String)
        Squeeze(256)

   Where Id is "HIP_MAC" and "HIP_MAC2" respectively.

   Ed note: Id MAY end up being NULL.  Furture study on role of Id in
   Cyclist is needed.

3.4.  HIP Cipher

   HIP encrypted parameters use the HIP_CIPHER, Section 5.2.8 of
   [RFC7401].  The Keccak Xoodyak cipher, [Xoodyak], is recommended.
   Here Xoodyak is used in encrypt only mode.

3.4.1.  HIP_CIPHER

   The HIP_CIPHER parameter values for Xoodyak are:

   hip_cipher
        Suite ID           Value

        Xoodyak            6     (Xoodyak)

   The Xoodyak function calls are:

        Cyclist(Key,Id,ε)
        Absorb(IV)
        C ← Encrypt(P)
        return (C)

   Where Id is HIP parameter name.  P is the plain-text per the specific
   HIP encrypted parameter.

   Ed note: Id MAY end up being NULL.  Furture study on role of Id in
   Cyclist is needed.

3.5.  ESP Transform

   The ESP_TRANSFORM parameter is used during ESP SA establishment,
   Section 5.1.2 of [RFC7402].  The Keccak Xoodyak cipher, [Xoodyak], is
   recommended.  Here Xoodyak is used in AEAD mode.

   Further, it is recommended to use Implicit IV ESP [RFC8750] to match
   its lightweight over-the-air format with the lightweight Xoodyak
   cipher.

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                  [Page 9]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

3.5.1.  ESP_TRANSFORM

   The ESP_TRANSFORM Suite IDs for Xoodyak are:

   hip_cipher
        Suite ID           Value

        Xoodyak-96         16     (Xoodyak)
        Xoodyak            17     (Xoodyak)
        Implicit IV        18     [8750]

   The Implicit IV Suite ID is unique in that it is an AND condition
   with ciphers that can use it.  That is AES-GCM and Xoodyak can both
   use 'regular' ESP [RFC4303] or [RFC8750].

   The Xoodyak function calls are:

        Cyclist(Key,Id,ε)
        Absorb(IV)
        Absorb(A)
        C ← Encrypt(P)
        T ← Squeeze(t)
        return (C,T)

   Where Id is "ESP_TRANSFORM.  The IV is either a 32 bit ESP IV per
   [RFC4303] or the ESP Seq Number per[RFC8750].  P is the plain-text
   and A is the associated data.  t is either 96 or 128.  T is the ESP
   ICV of length t.

   Ed note: Id MAY end up being NULL.  Furture study on role of Id in
   Cyclist is needed.

4.  Generating a HIT from an HI

   The EdDSA/cSHAKE based HITs require a new ORCHID generation method
   than that described in section 3.2 of [RFC7401].  The XOF
   functionality of cSHAKE produces an output of L bits.  This replaces
   the Encode_96 function in the ORCHID generation.

   For identities that are EdDSA public keys, ORCHIDs will be generated
   per the process defined in Appendix C.2.1 of [drip-rid].

5.  HIP KEYMAT Generation

   For either the Keccak or Xoodyak KEYMAT generation, the inputs are
   consistant.  The only practical difference is that Keccak allows for
   256 bits of strength, whereas Xoodyak only provides 128 bits.

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

   L is the derived key bit length.  Since 4 HIP keys are "drawn" from
   this output, the length is 4 * HIP_key_size.  Per ASIACRYPT 2017, pp.
   606-637 [ASIACRYPT-2017] each of these derived keys will have the
   same strength as the Diffie-Hellman shared secret.

   S is the byte string 01001011 || 01000100 || 01000110, which
   represents the sequence of characters "K", "D", and "F" in 8-bit
   ASCII.

   Salt and info are derived as defined in sec 6.5 of [RFC7401].  There
   are special security considerations for IKM per [RFC7748].

5.1.  The Keccak KEYMAT

   The KMAC function provides a new, more efficient, key derivation
   function over HKDF [RFC5869].  This will be referred to as KKDF.

   The two HIs MUST be used in constructing IKM as follows:

        IKM = Diffie-Hellman secret | sort(HI-I | HI-R)

   These are separately DER encoded.

   The choice of KMAC128 or KMAC256 is based on the strength of the
   output key material.  For 256 bits of strength equivalent to HMAC-
   SHA256, use KMAC256.  Per [NIST.SP.800-56Cr1], Section 4.1, Option 3:

        OKM = KMAC[128|256](salt | info, IKM, L, S)

5.2.  The Xoodyak Keyed MAC

   Here, XKMAC from [Xoodyak] is used.  The function calls are:

        Cyclist(ε, ε, ε)
        Absorb(S)
        Absorb(salt)
        Absorb(info)
        Absorb(min(HI-I , HI-R))
        Absorb(max(HI-I , HI-R))
        Absorb(Diffie-Hellman secret)
        Squeeze(L)

6.  Pseudorandom Function (PRF)

   Appendix B of NIST SP 800-185 [NIST.SP.800-185] defines how to use
   SHAKE, cSHAKE, or KMAC as a PRF.

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                 [Page 11]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

   A PRF is currently not in the Xoodyak specification.  This may be
   added at a later point.

7.  IANA Considerations

   IANA will need to make the following changes to the "Host Identity
   Protocol (HIP) Parameters" registries:

   Diffie Hellman:
      This document defines the new Curve25519 and Curve448 for the
      Diffie-Hellman exchange (see Section 3.1.1).

   Host ID:
      This document defines the new EdDSA Host ID (see Section 3.2.1).

   HIT Suite ID:
      This document defines the new HIT Suite of EdDSA/cSHAKE and EdDSA/
      XMAC (see Section 3.2.2).

   HIP Cipher:
      This document defines the new Xoodyak cipher for HIP encrypted
      parameters (see Section 3.4.1).

   ESP Transform:
      This document defines the new Xoodyak cipher and use of [RFC8750]
      for the ESP Transform parameter (see Section 3.5).

8.  Security Considerations

8.1.  Keymat vulnerabilities

   [RFC7748] warns about using Curve25519 and Curve448 in Diffie-Hellman
   for key derivation:

   Designers using these curves should be aware that for each public
   key, there are several publicly computable public keys that are
   equivalent to it, i.e., they produce the same shared secrets.  Thus
   using a public key as an identifier and knowledge of a shared secret
   as proof of ownership (without including the public keys in the key
   derivation) might lead to subtle vulnerabilities.

   Thus the two Host IDs are included with the Diffie-Hellman secret in
   the KEYMAT generation.

8.2.  KMAC Security as a KDF

   Section 4.1 of NIST SP 800-185 [NIST.SP.800-185] states:

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

   "The KECCAK Message Authentication Code (KMAC) algorithm is a PRF and
   keyed hash function based on KECCAK . It provides variable-length
   output"

   That is, the output of KMAC is indistinguishable from a random
   string, regardless of the length of the output.  As such, the output
   of KMAC can be divided into multiple substrings, each with the
   strength of the function (KMAC128 or KMAC256) and provided that a
   long enough key is used, as discussed in Sec. 8.4.1 of SP 800-185.

   For example KMAC128(K, X, 512, S), where K is at least 128 bits, can
   produce 4 128 bit keys each with a strength of 128 bits.  That is a
   single sponge operation is replacing perhaps 5 HMAC-SHA256 operations
   (each 2 SHA256 operations) in HKDF.

9.  Acknowledgments

   Quynh Dang of NIST gave considerable guidance on using Keccak and the
   NIST supporting documents.  Joan Deamen of the Keccak team was
   especially helpful in many aspects of using Keccak, particularly with
   the KEYMAT section and the strength of the derived keys.

   NIST is entering round 3 (final) of its Lightweight Crypto
   Competition with anticipated selection the end of 2021 or early in
   2022.  Events in this process will impact selections in this
   document.

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [NIST.FIPS.202]
              Dworkin, M., "SHA-3 Standard: Permutation-Based Hash and
              Extendable-Output Functions", National Institute of
              Standards and Technology report,
              DOI 10.6028/nist.fips.202, July 2015,
              <https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.fips.202>.

   [NIST.SP.800-185]
              Kelsey, J., Change, S., and R. Perlner, "SHA-3 derived
              functions: cSHAKE, KMAC, TupleHash and ParallelHash",
              National Institute of Standards and Technology report,
              DOI 10.6028/nist.sp.800-185, December 2016,
              <https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.800-185>.

   [NIST.SP.800-56Cr1]
              Barker, E., Chen, L., and R. Davis, "Recommendation for
              key-derivation methods in key-establishment schemes",

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                 [Page 13]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

              National Institute of Standards and Technology report,
              DOI 10.6028/nist.sp.800-56cr1, April 2018,
              <https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.800-56cr1>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC7401]  Moskowitz, R., Ed., Heer, T., Jokela, P., and T.
              Henderson, "Host Identity Protocol Version 2 (HIPv2)",
              RFC 7401, DOI 10.17487/RFC7401, April 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7401>.

   [RFC7402]  Jokela, P., Moskowitz, R., and J. Melen, "Using the
              Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Transport Format with
              the Host Identity Protocol (HIP)", RFC 7402,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7402, April 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7402>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [Xoodyak]  Daemen, J., Hoffert, S., Peeters, M., Van Assche, G., and
              R. Van Keer, "The Xoodyak Cipher and Hash",
              <https://keccak.team/xoodyak.html>.

10.2.  Informative References

   [ASIACRYPT-2017]
              Daemen, J., Mennink, B., and G. Van Assche, "Full-State
              Keyed Duplex with Built-In Multi-user Support",
              DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-70697-9_21, Advances in Cryptology -
              ASIACRYPT 2017 pp. 606-637, 2017,
              <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70697-9_21>.

   [drip-rid] Moskowitz, R., Card, S., Wiethuechter, A., and A. Gurtov,
              "UAS Remote ID", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              ietf-drip-rid-05, 22 December 2020,
              <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-drip-rid-05>.

   [hip-dex]  Moskowitz, R., Hummen, R., and M. Komu, "HIP Diet EXchange
              (DEX)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-hip-
              dex-22, 14 December 2020,
              <https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-hip-dex-22>.

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                 [Page 14]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

   [Keccak]   Bertoni, G., Daemen, J., Peeters, M., Van Assche, G., and
              R. Van Keer, "The Keccak Function",
              <https://keccak.team/index.html>.

   [RFC2104]  Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., and R. Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed-
              Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2104, February 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2104>.

   [RFC4303]  Kent, S., "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)",
              RFC 4303, DOI 10.17487/RFC4303, December 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4303>.

   [RFC5869]  Krawczyk, H. and P. Eronen, "HMAC-based Extract-and-Expand
              Key Derivation Function (HKDF)", RFC 5869,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5869, May 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5869>.

   [RFC7343]  Laganier, J. and F. Dupont, "An IPv6 Prefix for Overlay
              Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers Version 2
              (ORCHIDv2)", RFC 7343, DOI 10.17487/RFC7343, September
              2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7343>.

   [RFC7748]  Langley, A., Hamburg, M., and S. Turner, "Elliptic Curves
              for Security", RFC 7748, DOI 10.17487/RFC7748, January
              2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7748>.

   [RFC8032]  Josefsson, S. and I. Liusvaara, "Edwards-Curve Digital
              Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)", RFC 8032,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8032, January 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8032>.

   [RFC8750]  Migault, D., Guggemos, T., and Y. Nir, "Implicit
              Initialization Vector (IV) for Counter-Based Ciphers in
              Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)", RFC 8750,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8750, March 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8750>.

Authors' Addresses

   Robert Moskowitz
   HTT Consulting
   Oak Park, MI 48237
   United States of America

   Email: rgm@labs.htt-consult.com

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                 [Page 15]
Internet-Draft               HIP New Crypto                December 2020

   Stuart W. Card
   AX Enterprize
   4947 Commercial Drive
   Yorkville, NY 13495
   United States of America

   Email: stu.card@axenterprize.com

   Adam Wiethuechter
   AX Enterprize
   4947 Commercial Drive
   Yorkville, NY 13495
   United States of America

   Email: adam.wiethuechter@axenterprize.com

Moskowitz, et al.          Expires 4 July 2021                 [Page 16]