Stateless Source Address Mapping for ICMPv6 Packets
draft-ietf-v6ops-ivi-icmp-address-01

Network Working Group                                              X. Li
Internet-Draft                                                    C. Bao
Intended status: BCP                              CERNET Center/Tsinghua
Expires: August 28, 2012                                      University
                                                                 D. Wing
                                                        R. Vaithianathan
                                                                   Cisco
                                                               G. Huston
                                                                   APNIC
                                                       February 25, 2012

          Stateless Source Address Mapping for ICMPv6 Packets
                  draft-ietf-v6ops-ivi-icmp-address-01

Abstract

   A stateless IPv4/IPv6 translator may receive ICMPv6 packets
   containing non IPv4-translatable addresses as the source that should
   be passed across the translator as an ICMP packet directed to the the
   IPv4-translatable destination.  This document discusses the
   considerations and presents a stateless address mapping algorithm for
   source address translation in ICMPv6 headers for such cases.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 28, 2012.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents

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   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   2.  Notational Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   3.  Problem Statement and Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   4.  Routing Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
   5.  Stateless Address Mapping Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
   6.  ICMP Extension  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
     7.1.  Filtering Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
     7.2.  Rate-limiting Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
     7.3.  RFC5837 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
   9.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
     10.1. Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
     10.2. Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

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1.  Introduction

   The IP/ICMP translation document of IPv4/IPv6 translation [RFC6145]
   states that "the IPv6 addresses in the ICMPv6 header may not be IPv4-
   translatable addresses and there will be no corresponding IPv4
   addresses represented of this IPv6 address.  In this case, the
   translator can do stateful translation.  A mechanism by which the
   translator can instead do stateless translation is left for future
   work."  This document defines such a stateless translation mechanism.

2.  Notational Conventions

   The key words MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD,
   SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL, when they appear in this
   document, are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3.  Problem Statement and Considerations

   When a stateless IPv4/IPv6 translator receives an ICMPv6 message (for
   example "Packet Too Big") sourced from an non-IPv4-translatable IPv6
   address, directed to an IPv4-translatable IPv6 address, it needs to
   generate an ICMP message.  For the reasons discussed below, choosing
   the source IPv4 address of this ICMP message is problematic.

   The address used should not cause the ICMP packet to be a candidate
   for discarding, particularly in the contest of uRPF filters
   [RFC3704].  This consideration precludes the use of private IPv4
   address space [RFC1918] in this context.

   It is also a consideration that the IPv4/IPv6 translation is intended
   for use in contexts where IPv4 addresses may not be readily
   available, so it is not considered to be appropriate to use IPv4-
   translatable IPv6 addresses for all internal points in the IPv6
   network that may originate ICMPv6 messages.

   It is also an objective that it is possible for the IPv4 recipient of
   the ICMP message be able to distinguish between different IPv6 ICMPv6
   originations (for example, to support a traceroute diagnostic utility
   that provides some limited network level visibility across the IPv4/
   IPv6 translator).  This implies that a IPv4/IPv6 translator needs to
   have a pool of IPv4 addresses to be used for mapping the source
   address of ICMPv6 packets generated from different originations.

   These addresses are for use in the source address of ICMP packets,
   and therefore are not intended to be used as a destination address
   for any packet.  It is therefore possible to use a common address

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   pool for the IPv4/IPv6 translation protocol, and, considering an
   objective of constraining the use of these IPv4 addresses in this
   application, it is feasible to use a common address pool for mapping
   the source addresses of non-translatable ICMPv6 packets as a part of
   the protocol specification.

   These considerations leads to the recommendation of drawing an IPv4
   /24 prefix from the IANA Special Purpose Address Registry as a "Well-
   Known Prefix" for use by IPv4/IPv6 translators for the purpose of
   mapping otherwise untranslatable IPv6 source addresses of ICMPv6
   messages to IPv4 ICMP messages.

   The ICMP extension defined by [RFC5837] provides a mechanism to
   process the ICMPv4 messages that contain IP Address Sub-Objects that
   specify IPv6 addresses.  However, an enhanced traceroute application
   must be used, which has not yet been widely available.  In this
   document, a combined approach is proposed, i.e. non IPv4-translatable
   address is mapped to IANA-assigned /24, and the resulting ICMP is
   extended according to [RFC5837].  Therefore, ordinary ICMP processing
   tools (traceroute) can be utilized in normal cases and when DDoS
   happens, enhanced ICMP process tools can be utilized to identify the
   real source.

4.  Routing Considerations

   Addresses from the assigned address prefix are intended to be used as
   source addresses and not as destination addresses in the context of
   the public network.  As packets passing through the public network
   need to pass through conventional packet filters, including uRPF
   filters [RFC3704], this implies that the assigned address may be used
   in routing advertisements.  Such routing advertisements are non-
   exclusive and should be accepted from any originating AS in an
   anycast fashion.

5.  Stateless Address Mapping Algorithm

   When an IPv4 /24 prefix is allocated to represent the source address
   of ICMP, the translator MUST copy the "Hop Count" in the IPv6 header
   of the ICMPv6 to the Last Octet.  When routers emit ICMPv6 packets
   with the same hop count, as the ICMPv6 packet is routed through the
   network its hop count is decreased.  However, if the routers emit
   ICMPv6 packets with different hop counts, it may give the appearance
   of a routing loop to tools such as traceroute.  That minor side-
   effect in that particular case cannot be avoided while still being
   stateless.

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6.  ICMP Extension

   When translator is configured to use the IANA-assigned /24 to map non
   IPv4-translatable address, the translator MUST implement ICMP
   extension defined by [RFC5837].  The resulting ICMP extension MUST
   include the IP address Sub-Objects that specify the source IPv6
   addresses in the original ICMPv6.  Therefore, an enhanced traceroute
   application can get the real IPv6 source addresses which generate the
   ICMPv6 messages, be able to traceback to their origins and take
   filtering/rate-limiting actions if necessary.

7.  Security Considerations

   The use of an address for source addresses in ICMP packets is
   considered "safe" in so far as ICMP packets are not intended to
   generate responses directed to the source address.

   However it is possible to use this address as a means of gaining
   anonymity when launching a denial of service attacks by using this
   address as the source address for other forms of malicious traffic.
   Packet firewall filters should be configured to treat addresses in
   the IANA-assigned /24 network as martian addresses by discarding all
   non-ICMP packets that use the IANA-assigned /24 network as a source
   address, and all packets that use the IANA-assigned /24 network as a
   destination address.

7.1.  Filtering Recommendations

   o  SHOULD allow ICMP type 3 - Destination Unreachable (inc PTB).

   o  SHOULD allow ICMP type 11 - Time Exceeded.

   o  MAY allow ICMP type 12 - Parameter Problem.

   o  SHOULD NOT allow any of the various ICMP request messages.

7.2.  Rate-limiting Recommendations

   The rate limiting of traffic from the prefix SHOULD also be enabled
   as additional countermeasure against abuse of this prefix.  The
   methods presented in [RFC4443] [RFC5597] [RFC6192] [RFC6398]
   [RFC6450] can be used.

7.3.  RFC5837 Recommendations

   Advanced filtering and rate-limiting techniques which can process the
   ICMP extension defined in [RFC5837] MAY also be used to control the

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   source of the ICMP.

8.  IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to make a permanent assignment of a /24 from the
   IPv4 Special Purpose Address Registry [RFC5736].  The assigned
   address is to be used in the context of generating an IPv4 source
   address for mapped ICMPv6 packets being passed through a stateless
   IPv4/IPv6 translator.  The assignment is under the category of a
   specialized use of a designated address block in an anycast context
   associated with an Internet Standards Track protocol.

   The IANA IPv4 Special Purpose Address Registry records are:

   o  Prefix 192.70.192.0/24

   o  Description: To be used in the context of generating an IPv4
      source address for mapped ICMPv6 packets being passed through a
      stateless IPv4/IPv6 translator.

   o  Begin: 2011-06-01

   o  End: Never

   o  Purpose: Stateless ICMPv6/ICMP translation

   o  Contact: See RFC

   o  Scope: Addresses from the assigned address prefix are intended to
      be used as source addresses and not as destination addresses in
      the context of the public network.

   o  RFC: This draft.

9.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to acknowledge the following contributors of
   this document: Kevin Yin, Chris Metz and Neeraj Gupta.

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC1918]  Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
              E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",

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              BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3704]  Baker, F. and P. Savola, "Ingress Filtering for Multihomed
              Networks", BCP 84, RFC 3704, March 2004.

   [RFC4443]  Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, "Internet Control
              Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol
              Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 4443, March 2006.

   [RFC5597]  Denis-Courmont, R., "Network Address Translation (NAT)
              Behavioral Requirements for the Datagram Congestion
              Control Protocol", BCP 150, RFC 5597, September 2009.

   [RFC5837]  Atlas, A., Bonica, R., Pignataro, C., Shen, N., and JR.
              Rivers, "Extending ICMP for Interface and Next-Hop
              Identification", RFC 5837, April 2010.

   [RFC6145]  Li, X., Bao, C., and F. Baker, "IP/ICMP Translation
              Algorithm", RFC 6145, April 2011.

   [RFC6398]  Le Faucheur, F., "IP Router Alert Considerations and
              Usage", BCP 168, RFC 6398, October 2011.

   [RFC6450]  Venaas, S., "Multicast Ping Protocol", RFC 6450,
              December 2011.

10.2.  Informative References

   [RFC5736]  Huston, G., Cotton, M., and L. Vegoda, "IANA IPv4 Special
              Purpose Address Registry", RFC 5736, January 2010.

   [RFC6192]  Dugal, D., Pignataro, C., and R. Dunn, "Protecting the
              Router Control Plane", RFC 6192, March 2011.

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Authors' Addresses

   Xing Li
   CERNET Center/Tsinghua University
   Room 225, Main Building, Tsinghua University
   Beijing  100084
   CN

   Phone: +86 10-62785983
   Email: xing@cernet.edu.cn

   Congxiao Bao
   CERNET Center/Tsinghua University
   Room 225, Main Building, Tsinghua University
   Beijing  100084
   CN

   Phone: +86 10-62785983
   Email: congxiao@cernet.edu.cn

   Dan Wing
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   170 West Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: dwing@cisco.com

   Ramji Vaithianathan
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   A 5-2, BGL 12-4, SEZ Unit,
   Cessna Business Park, Varthur Hobli
   Sarjapur Outer Ring Road
   BANGALORE  KARNATAKA 560 103
   INDIA

   Phone: +91 80 4426 0895
   Email: rvaithia@cisco.com

   Geoff Huston
   APNIC

   Email: gih@apnic.net

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