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Centralized Replication for Active-Active BUM Traffic
draft-ietf-trill-centralized-replication-05

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8361.
Authors Hao Weiguo , Yizhou Li , Muhammad Durrani , Sujay Gupta , Andrew Qu , Tao Han
Last updated 2016-03-07
Replaces draft-hao-trill-centralized-replication
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Stream WG state WG Document
Document shepherd Donald E. Eastlake 3rd
IESG IESG state Became RFC 8361 (Proposed Standard)
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draft-ietf-trill-centralized-replication-05
TRILL Working Group                                              W. Hao
INTERNET-DRAFT                                                    Y. Li
Intended Status: Standard Track                     Huawei Technologies
                                                             M. Durrani
                                                                  Cisco
                                                               S. Gupta
                                                            IP Infusion
                                                                  A. Qu
                                                               MediaTec
                                                                 T. Han
                                                    Huawei Technologies
Expires: September 2016                                  March 08, 2016

           Centralized Replication for Active-Active BUM Traffic
              draft-ietf-trill-centralized-replication-05.txt

Abstract

   In TRILL active-active access, an RPF check failure issue may occur
   when using the pseudo-nickname mechanism specified in RFC 7781. This
   draft describes a solution to resolve this RPF check failure issue
   through centralized replication. All ingress RBridges send BUM
   (Broadcast, Unknown unicast and Mutlicast) traffic to a centralized
   node with unicast TRILL encapsulation. When the centralized node
   receives the BUM traffic, it decapsulates the packets and forwards
   them to all destination RBridges using a distribution tree
   established as per TRILL base protocol RFC 6325. To avoid RPF check
   failure on a RBridge sitting between the ingress RBridge and the
   centralized replication node, some change in the RPF calculation
   algorithm is required. RPF calculation on each RBridge should use
   the centralized node as the ingress RBridge, instead of the real
   ingress RBridge, which is denoted as RBv in RFC 7781, to perform the
   calculation.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with
   the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors. All rights reserved.

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Table of Contents

   1. Introduction  ................................................ 3
   2. Conventions used in this document ............................ 4
   3. Centralized Replication Solution Overview .................... 4
   4. Frame duplication from remote RBridge ........................ 6
   5. Local forwarding behavior on ingress RBridge ................. 6
   6. Loop prevention among RBridges in a edge group ............... 7
   7. Centralized replication forwarding process ................... 8

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   8. BUM traffic loadbalancing among multiple centralized nodes... 10
   9. Co-existing with the CMT solution ........................... 11
   10. Network Upgrade Analysis ................................... 12
   11. TRILL protocol extension ................................... 12
      11.1. "R" and "C" Flag in the Nickname Flags APPsub-TLV...... 12
   12. Security Considerations .................................... 13
   13. IANA Considerations ........................................ 13
   14. References  ................................................ 13
      14.1. Normative References .................................. 13
      14.2. Informative References ................................ 14
   15. Acknowledgments  ........................................... 14

1. Introduction

   The IETF TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links)
   [RFC6325] protocol provides loop free and per hop based multipath
   data forwarding with minimum configuration. TRILL uses IS-IS
   [RFC6165] [RFC7176] as its control plane routing protocol and
   defines a TRILL specific header for user data.

   In active-active, Classic Ethernet (CE) devices typically are multi-
   homed to edge RBridges which form an edge group. All of the uplinks
   from CE are handled via a Local Active-Active Link Protocol (LAALP
   [RFC7379]) such as Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation (MC-LAG) or
   Distributed Resilient Network Interconnect (DRNI) [802.1AX]. An
   active-active flow-based load sharing mechanism is normally
   implemented to achieve better load balancing and high reliability. A
   CE device can be a layer 3 end system by itself or a bridge switch
   through which layer 3 end systems access to TRILL campus.

   In active-active access, the pseudo-nickname solution in [RFC7781]
   can be used to avoid MAC flip-flop on remote RBridges. The basic
   idea is to use a virtual RBridge RBv with a single pseudo-nickname
   to represent an edge group. Any member RBridge of that edge group
   MUST use this pseudo-nickname rather than its own nickname as the
   ingress nickname when it injects TRILL data frames to TRILL campus.
   The use of the nickname solves the address flip flop issue by
   binding the MAC address learnt by remote RBridge to the pseudo-
   nickname. However, it introduces another issue of incorrect packet
   dropping which will be described as follows: When a pseudo-nickname
   is used by an edge RBridge as the ingress nickname to forward BUM
   traffic, any RBridges (RBn) sitting between the ingress RBridge and
   the distribution tree root will treat the traffic as if it was
   ingressed from the virtual RBridge RBv. If the same distribution
   tree is used by different edge RBridges of the same RBv, the traffic
   may arrive at RBn from different ports. Then the RPF check fails,

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   and the BUM traffic received from unexpected ports will be dropped
   by RBn.

   This document proposes a centralized replication solution for
   broadcast, unknown unicast and multicast (BUM) traffic forwarding to
   resolve the issue of incorrect packet drop caused by RPF check
   failure in the virtual RBridge case. The basic idea is that all
   ingress RBridges send BUM traffic to a centralized node, that SHOULD
   be a distribution tree root, using unicast TRILL encapsulation. When
   the centralized node receives the packets, it decapsulates and
   forwards them to all destination RBridges using a distribution tree
   established as per the TRILL base protocol.

2. Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119
   [RFC2119].The acronyms and terminology in [RFC6325] is used herein
   with the following additions:

      BUM - Broadcast, Unknown unicast and Multicast

      CE - As in [RFC7783], Classic Ethernet device (end station or
   bridge). The device can be either physical or virtual equipment.

      FGL - Fine Grained Label [RFC7172].

      LAALP - Local Active-Active Link Protocol [RFC7379].

      MC-LAG - Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation.

3. Centralized Replication Solution Overview

   When an edge RBridge receives BUM traffic from a CE device, it uses
   unicast TRILL encapsulation instead of multicast encapsulation to
   send the packets to a centralized node. The centralized node SHOULD
   be a distribution tree root.

   The TRILL header of the unicast TRILL encapsulation contains an
   "ingress RBridge nickname" field and an "egress RBridge nickname"
   field. If the ingress RBridge receives the BUM packet from a port
   which is in an active-active edge group, it should set the ingress
   RBridge nickname to be the pseudo-nickname rather than its own
   nickname to avoid MAC flip-flop on remote RBridges as per [RFC7781].

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   The egress RBridge nickname is set to the special nickname of the
   centralized node which is used to differentiate the centralized
   replication purpose unicast TRILL encapsulation from a normal
   unicast TRILL encapsulation. The special nickname is called an R-
   nickname.

   When the centralized RBridge receives a unicast TRILL encapsulated
   packet with its R-nickname as egress nickname, it decapsulates the
   packet. Then the centralized RBridge replicates and forwards the BUM
   packet to all destination RBridges using one of the distribution
   trees established as per TRILL base protocol. It SHOULD use a
   distribution tree whose tree root is the centralized RBridge itself.
   When the centralized RBridge forwards the BUM traffic, the ingress
   nickname remains same as that in the packet it received to ensure
   that the MAC address learning by all egress RBridges is bound to the
   pseudo-nickname.

   When the replicated packet is forwarded by each RBridge along the
   distribution tree starting from the centralized node, the RPF check
   will be performed as per [RFC6325]. For any RBridge sitting between
   the ingress RBridge and the centralized replication node, the
   incoming port of such BUM packet should be the centralized node
   facing port as the multicast traffic always comes from the
   centralized node in this solution. However the RPF port as the
   result of distribution tree calculation as per [RFC6325] will be the
   real ingress RBridge facing port as it uses virtual RBridge as the
   ingress RBridge, so the RPF check will fail. To solve this problem,
   some change in the RPF calculation algorithm is required. The RPF
   calculation on each RBridge should use the centralized node as the
   ingress RBridge instead of the real ingress virtual RBridge to
   perform the calculation. As a result, RPF check will accept traffic
   on the centralized node facing port of the RBridge for multi-
   destination traffic. This prevents incorrect frame drops by the RPF
   check.

   To differentiate the centralized replication unicast TRILL
   encapsulation from normal unicast TRILL encapsulation, the R-
   nickname is introduced for centralized replication. When the
   centralized node receives unicast TRILL encapsulation traffic with
   the egress nickname R-nickname, it decapsulates the packet and then
   forwards the packet to all destination RBridges through a
   distribution tree by re-encapsulation as aforementioned. The campus
   through the TRILL LSP extension specified in Section 11.

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4. Frame duplication from remote RBridge

   Frame duplication may occur when a remote host sends a multi-
   destination frame to a local CE which has an active-active
   connection to the TRILL campus. To avoid local CE receiving multiple
   copies from a remote RBridge, the designated forwarder (DF)
   mechanism is supported for egress direction multicast traffic.

   The DF election mechanism [RFC7781] allows only one port of one
   RBridge in an active-active group to forward multicast traffic from
   the TRILL campus to the local access side for each VLAN. The basic
   idea of DF is to elect one RBridge per VLAN from an edge group to be
   responsible for egressing the BUM   traffic. [RFC7781] describes the
   detailed DF election mechanism among member RBridges involving in an
   edge group.

   If the DF election mechanism is used for frame duplication
   prevention, access ports on an RBridge are categorized as three
   types: non-group, group DF port and group non-DF port. The last two
   types can be called group ports. Each of the group ports is
   associated with a pseudo-nickname. If consistent nickname allocation
   to edge group RBridges is used, it is possible that same pseudo-
   nickname is associated with more than one port on a single RBridge.
   A typical scenario is that CE1 is connected to RB1 & RB2 by LAALP1
   while CE2 is connected to RB1 & RB2 by LAALP2. In order to conserve
   the number of pseudo-nicknames used, member ports for both LAALP1
   and LAALP2 on RB1 & RB2 are all associated with the same pseudo-
   nickname.

5. Local forwarding behavior on ingress RBridge

   When an ingress RBridge (RB1) receives BUM traffic from a local
   active-active accessing CE (CE1) device, the traffic will be
   injected into the TRILL campus with TRILL encapsulation, and it will
   be replicated and forwarded to all destination RBridges through
   central replication, including the ingress RBridge itself, along a
   TRILL distribution tree. To avoid the traffic looping back to the
   original sender CE, an ingress nickname of the CE group's pseudo-
   nickname can be used for traffic filtering.

   However, if there are two CEs, say CE1 and CE2, connecting to the
   ingress RB1 and each associated with same pseudo-nickname, RB1 needs
   to locally replicate and forward to CE2, because another copy of the
   BUM traffic between CE1 and CE2 through TRILL campus will be blocked
   by the traffic filtering.

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   If CE1 and CE2 are not associated with same pseudo-nickname, the
   copy of the BUM traffic between CE1 and CE2 through TRILL campus
   won't be blocked by the traffic filtering. To avoid duplicated
   traffic on receiver CE, there should be no local replicated BUM
   traffic between these two CEs on ingress RB1.

   In summary, to ensure correct BUM traffic forwarding behavior for
   each CE, the local replication behavior on ingress RBridge should be
   carefully designed as follows:

      1. Replicate to the ports associated with the same pseudo-
   nickname as that associated to the incoming port.

      2. Do not replicate to active-active group ports associated with
   different pseudo-nicknames.

      3. Do not replicate to non-edge-group ports.

   The above local forwarding behavior on the ingress RBridge of RB1
   can be called centralized replication local forwarding behavior A.

   If ingress RBridge RB1 itself is the centralized replication node,
   BUM traffic injected by RB1 to the TRILL campus won't loop back to
   RB1. In this case, the local forwarding behavior is called
   centralized replication local forwarding behavior B. Behavior B on
   RB1 is as follows:

      1. Local replication to the ports associated with the same
   pseudo-nickname as that associated to the incoming port.

      2. Local replication to the group DF port associated with
   different pseudo-nicknames. Do not replicate to group non-DF port
   associated with different pseudo-nicknames.

      3. Local replication to non-edge-group ports.

6. Loop prevention among RBridges in a edge group

   If a CE sends a broadcast, unknown unicast, or multicast (BUM)
   packet through a DF port to an ingress RBridge, that RBridge will
   forward that packet to all or a subset of the other RBridges that
   only have non-DF ports for that active-active group. Because BUM
   traffic forwarding to non-DF ports isn't allowed, in this case the
   frame won't loop back to the CE.

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   If a CE sends a BUM packet through a non-DF port to a ingress
   RBridge, say RB1, then RB1 will forward that packet to other
   RBridges that have a DF port for that active-active group. In this
   case the frame will loop back to the CE and the traffic split-
   horizon filtering mechanism is used to avoid looping back among
   RBridges in the edge group.

   This split-horizon mechanism relies on the ingress nickname to check
   if a packet's egress port belongs to a same active-active group as
   the packet's incoming port to the TRILL campus.

   When the ingress RBridge receives BUM traffic from an active-active
   accessing CE device, the traffic will be injected into the TRILL
   campus with TRILL encapsulation, and it will be replicated and
   forwarded to all destination RBridges, which include ingress RBridge
   itself, through a TRILL distribution tree. If the same pseudo-
   nickname is used for two active-active access CEs as ingress
   nickname, an egress RBridge can use that nickname to filter traffic
   forwarding to all local CEs. In this case, the traffic between these
   two CEs goes through the local RBridge and another copy of the
   traffic from the TRILL campus is filtered. If different ingress
   nicknames are used for two connecting CE devices, the access ports
   connecting to these two CEs should be isolated from each other. The
   BUM traffic between these two CEs should go through the TRILL campus,
   otherwise the destination CE connected to same RBridge with the
   sender CE will receive two copies of the traffic.

7. Centralized replication forwarding process

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                                   +-----------+
                                   |   (RB5)   |
                                   +-----------+
                                         |
                                   +-----------+
                                   |   (RB4)   |
                                   +-----------+

                                    |     |    |
                            --------      |     --------
                           |              |             |
                         +------+      +------+      +------+
                         |(RB1) |      |(RB2) |      | (RB3)|
                         +------+      +------+      +------+
                           *   |         *  |          * |  ^
                           *   |         *  |          * |   ^
                           *   ----------*-------------*--    ^
                           ***************************** |     ^
                    LAALP1 *                      LAALP2 |      ^
                       +------+                    +------+    +------+
                       |  CE1 |                    | CE2  |    | CE3  |
                       +------+                    +------+    +------+
                      Figure 1 TRILL Active-active access

   Assuming the centralized replication solution is used in the example
   network of above figure 1, RB5 is the distribution tree root and
   centralized replication node, CE1 and CE2 are active-active accessed
   to RB1,RB2 and RB3 through LAALP1 and LAALP2 respectively, CE3 is
   single homed to RB3. The RBridge's own nickname of RB1 to RB5 are
   nick1 to nick5 respectively. RB1, RB2, and RB3 use the same pseudo-
   nickname for LAALP1 and LAALP2; that pseudo-nickname is P-nick. The
   R-nickname on the centralized replication node of RB5 is S-nick.

   The BUM traffic forwarding process from CE1 to CE2 and CE3 is as
   follows:

      1. CE1 sends BUM traffic to RB3.

      2. RB3 replicates and sends the BUM traffic to CE2 locally. RB2
   also sends the traffic to RB5 using unicast TRILL encapsulation. In
   the TRILL Header, the ingress nickname is set as P-nick and the
   egress nickname is set as S-nick.

      3. RB5 decapsulates the unicast TRILL Data packet. Then it uses
   the distribution tree whose root is RB5 to forward the packet as a
   multi-destination TRILL Data packet. The egress nickname in the

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   multi-destination TRILL Header is the nick5and the ingress nickname
   is still P-nick.

      4. RB4 receives multicast TRILL traffic from RB5. Traffic
   incoming port is the up port facing the distribution tree root,
   RB4's RPF check will be correct based on the changed RPF port
   calculation algorithm in this document. After the RPF check is
   performed, it forwards the traffic to all other egress RBridges(RB1,
   RB2, and RB3).

      5. RB3 receives multicast TRILL traffic from RB4. It decapsulates
   the multi-destination TRILL Data packet. Because the ingress
   nickname of P-nick is equivalent to the nickname of local LAALPs
   connecting to CE1 and CE2, RB3 doesn't forward the traffic to CE1
   and CE2 to avoid duplicated frame. RB3 only forwards the packet to
   CE3.

      6. RB1 and RB2 receive multicast TRILL traffic from RB4. The
   forwarding process is similar to the process on RB3, i.e, because
   the ingress nickname of P-nick is equivalent to the nickname of the
   local LAALPs connecting CE1 and CE2, they also don't forward the
   traffic to local CE1 and CE2.

8. BUM traffic loadbalancing among multiple centralized nodes

   To support unicast TRILL encapsulation BUM traffic load balancing,
   multiple centralized replication nodes can be deployed and the
   traffic can be load balanced between these nodes based on VLAN or
   FGL.

   Assuming there are k centralized nodes in TRILL campus, each
   centralized node has a different R-nickname, the VLAN-based (or FGL-
   based [RFC7172]) load balancing algorithm used by ingress active-
   active access RBridge is as follows:

         1. All R-nicknames are ordered and numbered from 0 to k-1 in
   ascending order treating the nicknames as unsigned 16-bit integers.

         2. For VLAN or FGL ID m, choose the R-nickname whose number
   equals (m mod k) as egress nickname for BUM traffic unicast TRILL
   encapsulation.

   For examples, there are 3 centralized nodes (CN) each having one R-
   nickname. The CN nodes will be ordered based on the R-nickname from
   CN0 to CN2. Assuming there are 5 VLANs from VLAN ID 1 to OD 5

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   spreading among edge RBridges, the traffic in VLAN 1 will go to CN1,
   VLAN 2 will go to CN2, and so on.

   When an ingress RBridge participating in active-active connection
   receives BUM traffic from local CE, the RBridge decides which
   centralized node to send the traffic to based on the VLAN-based load
   balancing algorithm, thus VLAN/FGL-based load balancing for the BUM
   traffic can be achieved among multiple centralized nodes.

9. Co-existing with the CMT solution

                    +------+    +------+
                    |(RB6) |    |(RB7) |
                    +------+    +------+
      ------------------|-----------|----------------------
      |            |              |          |            |
   +------+    +------+       +------+    +------+     +------+
   |(RB1) |    |(RB2) |       |(RB3) |    |(RB4) |     |(RB5) |
   +------+    +------+       +------+    +------+     +------+
       |          |               |          |            |
       ------------               -------------------------
             |                               |
         +------+                         +------+
         |  CE1 |                         |  CE2 |
         +------+                         +------+
       Figure 1 CMT and centralized replication co-existing scenario

   Both the centralized replication solution and the CMT [RFC7783]
   solution rely on using pseudo-nicknames to avoid MAC flip-flop on
   remote RBridges. These two solutions can co-exist in a single TRILL
   campus. Each solution can be selected by each active-active edge
   group of RBridges independently.

   As illustrated in figure 2, RB1 and RB2 use CMT for CE1's active-
   active access, RB3, RB4, and RB5 use the centralized replication for
   CE2's active-active access.

   For the centralized replication solution, edge group RBridges MUST
   announce the local pseudo-nickname using Nickname Flags APPsub-TLV
   with C-flag. A nickname with the C-flag set is called a "C-nickname".
   A transit RBridge will perform the centralized replication specific
   RPF check algorithm if it receives TRILL Data packets with a C-
   nickname as ingress nickname.

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10. Network Upgrade Analysis

   Centralized nodes will typically need software and hardware upgrades
   to support centralized replication, which stitches TRILL unicast
   traffic decapsulation process and the process of normal TRILL
   multicast traffic forwarding along distribution tree.

   Active-active connection edge RBridges will typically need software
   and hardware upgrade to support unicast TRILL encapsulation for BUM
   traffic; the process is similar to other head-end replication
   processes.

   Transit nodes typically need a software upgrade to support the
   changed RPF port calculation algorithm.

11. TRILL protocol extension

   Two Flags of "R" and "C" are specified in the Nickname Flags APPsub-
   TLV [RFC7780]. The nickname with "R" flag set is called the R-
   nickname and the nickname with the "C" flag set is called the C-
   nickname. The R-nickname is a specialized nickname attached on a
   centralized node to differentiate unicast TRILL encapsulation BUM
   traffic from normal unicast TRILL traffic. The C-nickname flag is
   set on each edge group RBridge, C-nickname is a specialized pseudo-
   nickname for which transit RBridges perform a different RPF check
   algorithm.

   When active-active edge RBridges use centralized replication to
   forward BUM traffic, the R-nickname is used as the egress nickname
   and the C-nickname is used as ingress nickname in the TRILL header
   for the unicast TRILL encapsulation of BUM traffic.

11.1. "R" and "C" Flag in the Nickname Flags APPsub-TLV

              0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15
             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
             |   Nickname                                    |
             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
             |IN|SE|R | C|    RESV                           |
             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
                             NICKFLAG RECORD

            o R = If R flag is one, it indicates that the advertising
   TRILL switch is a centralized replication node, and the nickname is
   used as egress nickname for edge group RBridges to inject BUM
   traffic to TRILL campus when the edge group RBridges use centralized

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   replication solution for active-active access. If flag is zero, that
   nickname will not be used for that purpose.

            o C = If C flag is one, it indicates that the TRILL traffic
   with this nickname as an ingress nickname requires the special RPF
   check algorithm. If flag is zero, that nickname will not be used for
   that purpose.

12. Security Considerations

   This draft does not introduce any extra security risks. For general
   TRILL Security Considerations, see [RFC6325]. For Security
   Considerations related to pseudo-nickname active-active, see
   [RFC7781].

13. IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to assign two bits in the Nickname Flags APPsubTLV
   flags for the R and C bits discussed in Section 11.1 [Bits 3 and 4
   suggested] and update the ''NickFlags'' Bits registry on the TRILL
   Parameters page as follows:

              Bit  Mnemonic   Description           Reference
             ---  --------  --------------------  -----------
               3    R        Replication Nickname  [This document]
               4    C        Special RFC Check     [This document]

14. References

14.1. Normative References

   [RFC6165]  Banerjee, A. and D. Ward, "Extensions to IS-IS for Layer-2
Systems", RFC 6165, DOI 10.17487/RFC6165, April 2011, <http://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc6165>.

   [RFC6325] Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., Dutt, D., Gai, S., and A.
Ghanwani, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol Specification", RFC
6325, DOI 10.17487/RFC6325, July 2011, <http://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc6325>.

   [RFC7172] Eastlake 3rd, D., Zhang, M., Agarwal, P., Perlman, R., and D.
Dutt, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Fine-Grained
Labeling", RFC 7172, DOI 10.17487/RFC7172, May 2014, <http://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc7172>.

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   [RFC7176] Eastlake 3rd, D., Senevirathne, T., Ghanwani, A., Dutt, D., and
A. Banerjee, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Use of
IS-IS", RFC 7176, DOI 10.17487/RFC7176, May 2014, <http://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc7176>.

   [RFC7780] Eastlake 3rd, D., Zhang, M., Perlman, R., Banerjee, A.,
Ghanwani, A., and S. Gupta, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
(TRILL): Clarifications, Corrections, and Updates", RFC 7780, DOI
10.17487/RFC7780, February 2016, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7780>.

14.2. Informative References

   [RFC7781] Zhai, H., Senevirathne, T., Perlman, R., Zhang, M., and Y. Li,
"Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Pseudo-Nickname for
Active-Active Access", RFC 7781, DOI 10.17487/RFC7781, February 2016,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7781>.

   [RFC7379] Li, Y., Hao, W., Perlman, R., Hudson, J., and H. Zhai, "Problem
Statement and Goals for Active-Active Connection at the Transparent
Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Edge", RFC 7379, DOI
10.17487/RFC7379, October 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7379>.

   [RFC7783] Senevirathne, T., Pathangi, J., and J. Hudson, "Coordinated
Multicast Trees (CMT) for Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links
(TRILL)", RFC 7783, DOI 10.17487/RFC7783, February 2016, <http://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc7783>.

15. Acknowledgments

   The authors wish to acknowledge the important contributions of
   Donald Eastlake, Hongjun Zhai, Xiaomin Wu, Liang Xia.

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Authors' Addresses

   Weiguo Hao
   Huawei Technologies
   101 Software Avenue,
   Nanjing 210012
   China
   Email: haoweiguo@huawei.com

   Yizhou Li
   Huawei Technologies
   101 Software Avenue,
   Nanjing 210012
   China
   Email: liyizhou@huawei.com

   Muhammad Durrani
   Cisco
   Email: mdurrani@cisco.com

   Sujay Gupta
   IP Infusion
   RMZ Centennial
   Mahadevapura Post
   Bangalore - 560048
   India
   Email: sujay.gupta@ipinfusion.com

   Andrew Qu
   MediaTec
   Email: laodulaodu@gmail.com

   Tao Han
   Huawei Technologies
   101 Software Avenue,
   Nanjing 210012
   China
   Email: billow.han@huawei.com

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