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Interworking between the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Instant Messaging
draft-ietf-stox-im-04

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 7572.
Authors Peter Saint-Andre , Avshalom Houri , Joe Hildebrand
Last updated 2013-09-30
Replaces draft-saintandre-sip-xmpp-im
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draft-ietf-stox-im-04
Network Working Group                                     P. Saint-Andre
Internet-Draft                                       Cisco Systems, Inc.
Intended status: Standards Track                                A. Houri
Expires: April 3, 2014                                               IBM
                                                           J. Hildebrand
                                                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                      September 30, 2013

   Interworking between the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the
  Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Instant Messaging
                         draft-ietf-stox-im-04

Abstract

   This document defines a bidirectional protocol mapping for the
   exchange of single instant messages between the Session Initiation
   Protocol (SIP) and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
   (XMPP).

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 3, 2014.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must

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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  XMPP to SIP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   4.  SIP to XMPP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   5.  Content Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   6.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   7.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   8.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     8.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     8.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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1.  Introduction

   In order to help ensure interworking between instant messaging
   systems that conform to the instant messaging / presence requirements
   [RFC2779], it is important to clearly define protocol mappings
   between such systems.  Within the IETF, work has proceeded on two
   instant messaging technologies:

   o  Various extensions to the Session Initiation Protocol ([RFC3261])
      for instant messaging, as developed within the SIP for Instant
      Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE) Working
      Group; the relevant specification for instant messaging is
      [RFC3428]
   o  The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), which
      consists of a formalization of the core XML streaming protocols
      developed originally by the Jabber open-source community; the
      relevant specifications are [RFC6120] for the XML streaming layer
      and [RFC6121] for basic presence and instant messaging extensions

   One approach to helping ensure interworking between these protocols
   is to map each protocol to the abstract semantics described in
   [RFC3860]; that is the approach taken by
   [I-D.ietf-simple-cpim-mapping] and [RFC3922].  By contrast, the
   approach taken in this document is to directly map semantics from one
   protocol to another (i.e., from SIP/SIMPLE to XMPP and vice-versa).

   Both XMPP and IM-aware SIP systems enable entities to exchange
   "instant messages".  The term "instant message" usually refers to
   messages sent between two entities for delivery in close to real time
   (rather than messages that are stored and forwarded to the intended
   recipient upon request).  This document covers single messages only
   (sometimes called "pager-mode" messaging), since they form the lowest
   common denominator for instant messaging.  One-to-one chat sessions
   and multi-party groupchat are covered in separate documents.

   The architectural assumptions underlying such direct mappings are
   provided in [I-D.ietf-stox-core], including mapping of addresses and
   error condisions.  The mappings specified in this document cover
   basic instant messaging functionality, i.e., the exchange of a single
   instant message between a SIP user and an XMPP user in either
   direction.  Mapping of more advanced functionality is out of scope
   for this document, but other documents in this "series" cover such
   topics.

   The discussion venue for this document is the mailing list of the
   STOX WG; visit https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/stox for
   subscription information and discussion archives.

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2.  Terminology

   A number of terms used here are explained in [RFC3261], [RFC3428],
   [RFC6120], and [RFC6121].

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   [RFC2119].

3.  XMPP to SIP

   As described in [RFC6121], a single instant message is an XML
   <message/> stanza of type "normal" sent over an XML stream (since
   "normal" is the default for the 'type' attribute of the <message/>
   stanza, the attribute is often omitted).  In this document we will
   assume that such a message is sent from an XMPP client to an XMPP
   server over an XML stream negotiated between the client and the
   server, and that the client is controlled by a human user (this is a
   simplifying assumption introduced for explanatory purposes only; the
   XMPP sender could be a bot-controlled client, a component such as a
   workflow application, a server, etc.).  Continuing the tradition of
   Shakespearean examples in XMPP documentation, we will say that the
   XMPP user has an XMPP address of <juliet@example.com>.

   When Juliet wants to send an instant message to Romeo, she interacts
   with her XMPP client, which generates an XMPP <message/> stanza.  The
   syntax of the <message/> stanza, including required and optional
   elements and attributes, is defined in [RFC6121] (for single instant
   messages, the value of the 'to' address SHOULD be a "bare JID" of the
   form "localpart@domainpart/resourcepart").  The following is an
   example of such a stanza:

   Example: XMPP user sends message:

   |  <message from='juliet@example.com/balcony'
   |           to='romeo@example.net'>
   |    <body>Art thou not Romeo, and a Montague?</body>
   |  </message>

   Upon receiving such a message stanza, the XMPP server needs to
   determine the identity of the domainpart in the 'to' address, which
   it does by following the procedures discussed in
   [I-D.ietf-stox-core].  Here we assume that the XMPP server has
   determined the domain is serviced by a SIMPLE server, that it
   contains or has available to it an XMPP-SIMPLE gateway or connection
   manager (which enables it to speak natively to SIMPLE servers), and

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   that it hands off the message stanza to the XMPP-SIMPLE gateway.

   The XMPP-SIMPLE gateway is then responsible for translating the XMPP
   message stanza into a SIP MESSAGE request from the XMPP user to the
   SIP user:

   Example: XMPP user sends message (SIP transformation):

   |  MESSAGE sip:romeo@example.net SIP/2.0
   |  Via: SIP/2.0/TCP x2s.example.com;branch=z9hG4bK776sgdkse
   |  Max-Forwards: 70
   |  To: sip:romeo@example.net
   |  From: <sip:juliet@example.com;gr=balcony>;tag=12345
   |  Call-ID: Hr0zny9l3@example.com
   |  CSeq: 1 MESSAGE
   |  Content-Type: text/plain
   |  Content-Length: 35
   |
   |  Art thou not Romeo, and a Montague?

   The mapping of XMPP syntax to SIP syntax SHOULD be as shown in the
   following table.  (Mappings for several aspects not mentioned here
   are specified in [I-D.ietf-stox-chat].)

   Table 1: Message syntax mapping from XMPP to SIP

      +-----------------------------+--------------------------+
      |  XMPP Element or Attribute  |  SIP Header or Contents  |
      +-----------------------------+--------------------------+
      |  <body/>                    |  body of MESSAGE         |
      |  <subject/>                 |  Subject                 |
      |  <thread/>                  |  Call-ID                 |
      |  from                       |  From (1)                |
      |  id                         |  (no mapping)            |
      |  to                         |  To                      |
      |  type                       |  (no mapping)            |
      |  xml:lang                   |  Content-Language        |
      +-----------------------------+--------------------------+

   1.  As shown in the foregoing example and described in
       [I-D.ietf-stox-core], the XMPP-SIMPLE gateway SHOULD map the full
       JID (localpart@domainpart/resourcepart) of the XMPP sender to the
       SIP From header and include the resourcepart to the GRUU portion
       of the SIP URI [RFC5627].

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4.  SIP to XMPP

   As described in [RFC3428], a single instant message is a SIP MESSAGE
   request sent from a SIP user agent to an intended recipient who is
   most generally referenced by an Instant Message URI of the form
   <im:user@domain> but who might be referenced by a SIP or SIPS URI of
   the form <sip:user@domain> or <sips:user@domain>.  Here again we
   introduce the simplifying assumption that the user agent is
   controlled by a human user, whom we shall dub <romeo@example.net>.

   When Romeo wants to send an instant message to Juliet, he interacts
   with his SIP user agent, which generates a SIP MESSAGE request.  The
   syntax of the MESSAGE request is defined in [RFC3428].  The following
   is an example of such a request:

   Example: SIP user sends message:

   |  MESSAGE sip:juliet@example.com SIP/2.0
   |  Via: SIP/2.0/TCP s2x.example.net;branch=z9hG4bKeskdgs677
   |  Max-Forwards: 70
   |  To: sip:juliet@example.com
   |  From: sip:romeo@example.net
   |  Call-ID: M4spr4vdu@example.net
   |  CSeq: 1 MESSAGE
   |  Content-Type: text/plain
   |  Content-Length: 44
   |
   |  Neither, fair saint, if either thee dislike.

   Section 5 of [RFC3428] stipulates that a SIP User Agent presented
   with an im: URI should resolve it to a sip: or sips: URI.  Therefore
   we assume that the Request-URI of a request received by a SIMPLE-XMPP
   gateway will contain a sip: or sips: URI.  The SIP server needs to
   determine the identity of the domain portion of the Request-URI or To
   header, which it does by following the procedures discussed in
   [I-D.ietf-stox-core].  Here we assume that the SIP server has
   determined that the domain is serviced by an XMPP server, that it
   contains or has available to it a SIP-to-XMPP gateway or connection
   manager (which enables it to speak natively to XMPP servers), and
   that it hands off the message to the gateway.

   The SIP-to-XMPP gateway is then responsible for translating the
   request into an XMPP message stanza from the SIP user to the XMPP
   user and returning a SIP "200 OK" message to the sender:

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   Example: SIP user sends message (XMPP transformation):

   |  <message from='romeo@example.net/orchard'
   |           to='juliet@example.com'>
   |    <body>Neither, fair saint, if either thee dislike.</body>
   |  </message>

   The mapping of SIP syntax to XMPP syntax SHOULD be as shown in the
   following table.  (Mappings for several aspects not mentioned here
   are specified in [I-D.ietf-stox-chat].)

   Table 2: Message syntax mapping from SIP to XMPP

      +--------------------------+-----------------------------+
      |  SIP Header or Contents  |  XMPP Element or Attribute  |
      +--------------------------+-----------------------------+
      |  Call-ID                 |  <thread/>                  |
      |  Content-Language        |  xml:lang                   |
      |  CSeq                    |  (no mapping)               |
      |  From                    |  from (1)                   |
      |  Subject                 |  <subject/>                 |
      |  Request-URI             |  to                         |
      |  body of MESSAGE         |  <body/>                    |
      +--------------------------+-----------------------------+

   1.  As shown in the foregoing example and described in
       [I-D.ietf-stox-core], if the SIMPLE-XMPP gateway has information
       about the GRUU [RFC5627] of the particular endpoint that sent the
       SIP message then it SHOULD map the sender's address to a full JID
       (localpart@domainpart/resourcepart) in the 'from' attribute of
       the XMPP stanza and include the GRUU as the resourcepart.

   When transforming SIP pager-mode messages, a SIMPLE-XMPP gateway
   SHOULD specify no XMPP 'type' attribute or, equivalently, a 'type'
   attribute whose value is "normal" [RFC6121].

   See Section 5 of this document about the handling of SIP message
   bodies that contain content types other than plain text.

5.  Content Types

   SIP requests of type MESSAGE are allowed to contain essentially any
   content type.  The recommended procedures for SIMPLE-to-XMPP gateways
   to use in handling these content types are as follows.

   A SIMPLE-to-XMPP gateway MUST process SIP messages that contain
   message bodies of type "text/plain" and MUST encapsulate such message

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   bodies as the XML character data of the XMPP <body/> element.

   A SIMPLE-to-XMPP gateway SHOULD process SIP messages that contain
   message bodies of type "text/html"; if so, a gateway MUST transform
   the "text/html" content into XHTML content that conforms to the XHTML
   1.0 Integration Set specified in [XEP-0071].

   Although a SIMPLE-to-XMPP gateway MAY process SIP messages that
   contain message bodies of types other than "text/plain" and "text/
   html", the handling of such content types is a matter of
   implementation.

6.  Security Considerations

   Detailed security considerations for instant messaging protocols are
   given in [RFC2779], for SIP-based instant messaging in [RFC3428] (see
   also [RFC3261]), and for XMPP-based instant messaging in [RFC6121]
   (see also [RFC6120]).

   This document specifies methods for exchanging instant messages
   through a gateway that translates between SIP and XMPP.  Such a
   gateway MUST be compliant with the minimum security requirements of
   the instant messaging protocols for which it translates (i.e., SIP
   and XMPP).  The addition of gateways to the security model of instant
   messaging specified in [RFC2779] introduces some new risks.  In
   particular, end-to-end security properties (especially
   confidentiality and integrity) between instant messaging user agents
   that interface through a SIMPLE-XMPP gateway can be provided only if
   common formats are supported.  Specification of those common formats
   is out of scope for this document, although it is preferred to use
   [RFC3862] for instant messages.

7.  IANA Considerations

   This document requests no actions of IANA.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-stox-chat]
              Saint-Andre, P., Loreto, S., Gavita, E., and N. Hossain,
              "Interworking between the Session Initiation Protocol
              (SIP) and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
              (XMPP): One-to-One Text Chat Sessions",

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              draft-ietf-stox-chat-02 (work in progress),
              September 2013.

   [I-D.ietf-stox-core]
              Saint-Andre, P., Houri, A., and J. Hildebrand,
              "Interworking between the Session Initiation Protocol
              (SIP) and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
              (XMPP): Core", draft-ietf-stox-core-06 (work in progress),
              September 2013.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3261]  Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
              A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
              Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
              June 2002.

   [RFC3428]  Campbell, B., Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Huitema, C.,
              and D. Gurle, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension
              for Instant Messaging", RFC 3428, December 2002.

   [RFC5627]  Rosenberg, J., "Obtaining and Using Globally Routable User
              Agent URIs (GRUUs) in the Session Initiation Protocol
              (SIP)", RFC 5627, October 2009.

   [RFC6120]  Saint-Andre, P., "Extensible Messaging and Presence
              Protocol (XMPP): Core", RFC 6120, March 2011.

   [RFC6121]  Saint-Andre, P., "Extensible Messaging and Presence
              Protocol (XMPP): Instant Messaging and Presence",
              RFC 6121, March 2011.

   [XEP-0071]
              Saint-Andre, P., "XHTML-IM", XSF XEP 0071, November 2012.

8.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-simple-cpim-mapping]
              Rosenberg, J. and B. Campbell, "CPIM Mapping of SIMPLE
              Presence and Instant Messaging",
              draft-ietf-simple-cpim-mapping-01 (work in progress),
              June 2002.

   [RFC2779]  Day, M., Aggarwal, S., and J. Vincent, "Instant Messaging
              / Presence Protocol Requirements", RFC 2779,
              February 2000.

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   [RFC3860]  Peterson, J., "Common Profile for Instant Messaging
              (CPIM)", RFC 3860, August 2004.

   [RFC3862]  Klyne, G. and D. Atkins, "Common Presence and Instant
              Messaging (CPIM): Message Format", RFC 3862, August 2004.

   [RFC3922]  Saint-Andre, P., "Mapping the Extensible Messaging and
              Presence Protocol (XMPP) to Common Presence and Instant
              Messaging (CPIM)", RFC 3922, October 2004.

Appendix A.  Acknowledgements

   The authors wish to thank the following individuals for their
   feedback: Adrian Georgescu, Christer Holmberg, Saul Ibarra Corretge,
   Paul Kyzivat, Salvatore Loreto, and Tory Patnoe.

Authors' Addresses

   Peter Saint-Andre
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   1899 Wynkoop Street, Suite 600
   Denver, CO  80202
   USA

   Phone: +1-303-308-3282
   Email: psaintan@cisco.com

   Avshalom Houri
   IBM
   Rorberg Building, Pekris 3
   Rehovot  76123
   Israel

   Email: avshalom@il.ibm.com

   Joe Hildebrand
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   1899 Wynkoop Street, Suite 600
   Denver, CO  80202
   USA

   Email: jhildebr@cisco.com

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