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SRv6 Network Programming
draft-ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming-07

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8986.
Authors Clarence Filsfils , Pablo Camarillo , John Leddy , Daniel Voyer , Satoru Matsushima , Zhenbin Li
Last updated 2019-12-19
Replaces draft-filsfils-spring-srv6-network-programming
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Formats
Reviews
Additional resources Mailing list discussion
Stream WG state In WG Last Call
Document shepherd Bruno Decraene
IESG IESG state Became RFC 8986 (Proposed Standard)
Consensus boilerplate Yes
Telechat date (None)
Responsible AD (None)
Send notices to Bruno Decraene <bruno.decraene@orange.com>
draft-ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming-07
SPRING                                                  C. Filsfils, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                         P. Camarillo, Ed.
Intended status: Standards Track                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
Expires: June 21, 2020                                          J. Leddy
                                                  Individual Contributor
                                                                D. Voyer
                                                             Bell Canada
                                                           S. Matsushima
                                                                SoftBank
                                                                   Z. Li
                                                     Huawei Technologies
                                                       December 19, 2019

                        SRv6 Network Programming
             draft-ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming-07

Abstract

   The SRv6 Network Programming framework enables a network operator or
   an application to specify a packet packet processing program by
   encoding a sequence of instructions in the IPv6 packet header.

   Each instruction is implemented on one or several nodes in the
   network and identified by an SRv6 Segment Identifier in the packet.

   This document defines the SRv6 Network Programming concept and
   specifies the base set of SRv6 behaviors that enables the creation of
   interoperable overlays with underlay optimization (Service Level
   Agreements).

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on June 21, 2020.

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   3.  SRv6 SID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.1.  SID Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.2.  SID Reachability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   4.  SR Endpoint Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     4.1.  End: Endpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     4.2.  End.X: Layer-3 Cross-Connect  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.3.  End.T: Specific IPv6 Table Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     4.4.  End.DX6: Decapsulation and IPv6 Cross-Connect . . . . . .  11
     4.5.  End.DX4: Decapsulation and IPv4 Cross-Connect . . . . . .  12
     4.6.  End.DT6: Decapsulation and Specific IPv6 Table Lookup . .  13
     4.7.  End.DT4: Decapsulation and Specific IPv4 Table Lookup . .  14
     4.8.  End.DT46: Decapsulation and Specific IP Table Lookup  . .  15
     4.9.  End.DX2: Decapsulation and L2 Cross-Connect . . . . . . .  16
     4.10. End.DX2V: Decapsulation and VLAN L2 Table Lookup  . . . .  17
     4.11. End.DT2U: Decapsulation and Unicast MAC L2 Table Lookup .  18
     4.12. End.DT2M: Decapsulation and L2 Table Flooding . . . . . .  18
     4.13. End.B6.Encaps: Endpoint Bound to an SRv6 Policy w/ Encaps  19
     4.14. End.B6.Encaps.Red: End.B6.Encaps with Reduced SRH . . . .  21
     4.15. End.BM: Endpoint Bound to an SR-MPLS Policy . . . . . . .  21
     4.16. Flavors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
       4.16.1.  PSP: Penultimate Segment Pop of the SRH  . . . . . .  23
       4.16.2.  USP: Ultimate Segment Pop of the SRH . . . . . . . .  23
       4.16.3.  USD: Ultimate Segment Decapsulation  . . . . . . . .  23
   5.  SR Policy Headend Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
     5.1.  H.Encaps: SR Headend with Encapsulation in an SRv6 Policy  25
     5.2.  H.Encaps.Red: H.Encaps with Reduced Encapsulation . . . .  26
     5.3.  H.Encaps.L2: H.Encaps Applied to Received L2 Frames . . .  26
     5.4.  H.Encaps.L2.Red: H.Encaps.Red Applied to Received L2

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           frames  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
   6.  Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     6.1.  Counters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     6.2.  Flow-based Hash Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
     6.3.  OAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
   8.  Control Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
     8.1.  IGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28
     8.2.  BGP-LS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
     8.3.  BGP IP/VPN/EVPN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
     8.4.  Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
   9.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
     9.1.  Ethernet Next Header Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
     9.2.  SRv6 Endpoint Behaviors Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
       9.2.1.  Initial Registrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
   10. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
   11. Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37

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1.  Introduction

   Segment Routing [RFC8402] leverages the source routing paradigm.  An
   ingress node steers a packet through an ordered list of instructions,
   called segments.  Each one of these instructions represents a
   function to be called at a specific location in the network.  A
   function is locally defined on the node where it is executed and may
   range from simply moving forward in the segment list to any complex
   user-defined behavior.  Network programming combines segment routing
   functions, both simple and complex, to achieve a networking objective
   that goes beyond mere packet routing.

   This document defines the SRv6 Network Programming concept and
   specifies the main segment routing behaviors to enable the creation
   of interoperable overlays with underlay optimization (Service Level
   Agreement).

   The companion document
   [I-D.filsfils-spring-srv6-net-pgm-illustration] illustrates the
   concepts defined in this document.

   Familiarity with the Segment Routing Header
   [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header] is expected.

2.  Terminology

   The following terms used within this document are defined in
   [RFC8402]: Segment Routing, SR Domain, Segment ID (SID), SRv6, SRv6
   SID, Active Segment, SR Policy, Prefix SID and Adjacency SID.

   The following terms used within this document are defined in
   [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header]: SRH, SR Source Node, Transit
   Node, SR Segment Endpoint Node and Reduced SRH.

   NH: Next-header field of the IPv6 header[RFC8200].  NH=SRH means that
   the next-header of the IPv6 header is Routing Header for IPv6(43)
   with the Type field set to 4.

   SL: The Segments Left field of the SRH

   FIB: Forwarding Information Base.  A FIB lookup is a lookup in the
   forwarding table.

   SA: Source Address

   DA: Destination Address

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   SRv6 SID function: The function part of the SID is an opaque
   identification of a local behavior bound to the SID.  It is formally
   defined in Section 3.1 of this document.

   SRv6 segment endpoint behavior: A packet processing behavior executed
   at an SRv6 segment endpoint.  Section 4 of this document defines SRv6
   segment endpoint behaviors related to traffic-engineering and overlay
   use-cases.  Other behaviors (e.g. service programming) are outside
   the scope of this document.

   An SR Policy is resolved to a SID list.  A SID list is represented as
   <S1, S2, S3> where S1 is the first SID to visit, S2 is the second SID
   to visit and S3 is the last SID to visit along the SR path.

   (SA,DA) (S3, S2, S1; SL) represents an IPv6 packet with:

   - Source Address is SA, Destination Address is DA, and next-header is
     SRH

   - SRH with SID list <S1, S2, S3> with Segments Left = SL

   - Note the difference between the <> and () symbols: <S1, S2, S3>
     represents a SID list where S1 is the first SID and S3 is the last
     SID to traverse.  (S3, S2, S1; SL) represents the same SID list but
     encoded in the SRH format where the rightmost SID in the SRH is the
     first SID and the leftmost SID in the SRH is the last SID.  When
     referring to an SR policy in a high-level use-case, it is simpler
     to use the <S1, S2, S3> notation.  When referring to an
     illustration of the detailed packet behavior, the (S3, S2, S1; SL)
     notation is more convenient.

   - The payload of the packet is omitted.

   SRH[n]: A shorter representation of Segment List[n], as defined in
   [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header].

2.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

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3.  SRv6 SID

   RFC8402 defines an SRv6 Segment Identifier as an IPv6 address
   explicitly associated with the segment.

   When an SRv6 SID is in the Destination Address field of an IPv6
   header of a packet, it is routed through an IPv6 network as an IPv6
   address.

   Its processing is defined in [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header]
   section 4.3 and reproduced here as a reminder.

      Without constraining the details of an implementation, the SR
      segment endpoint node creates Forwarding Information Base (FIB)
      entries for its local SIDs.

      When an SRv6-capable node receives an IPv6 packet, it performs a
      longest-prefix-match lookup on the packets destination address.
      This lookup can return any of the following:

      - A FIB entry that represents a locally instantiated SRv6 SID

      - A FIB entry that represents a local interface, not locally
        instantiated as an SRv6 SID

      - A FIB entry that represents a non-local route

      - No Match

   This document formally defines behaviors and parameters for SRv6
   SIDs.

3.1.  SID Format

   This document defines an SRv6 SID as consisting of LOC:FUNCT:ARG,
   where a locator (LOC) is encoded in the L most significant bits of
   the SID, followed by F bits of function (FUNCT) and A bits of
   arguments (ARG).  L, the locator length, is flexible, and an operator
   is free to use the locator length of their choice.  F and A may be
   any value as long as L+F+A <= 128.  When L+F+A is less than 128 then
   the reminder of the SID MUST be zero.

   A locator may be represented as B:N where B is the SRv6 SID block
   (IPv6 subnet allocated for SRv6 SIDs by the operator) and N is the
   identifier of the parent node instantiating the SID.

   When the LOC part of the SRv6 SIDs is routable, it leads to the node
   which instantiates the SID.

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   The FUNCT is an opaque identification of a local behavior bound to
   the SID.

   The term "function" refers to the bit-string in the SRv6 SID.  The
   term "behavior" identifies the behavior bound to the SID.  The
   behaviors are defined in Section 4 of this document.

   An SRv6 endpoint behavior MAY require additional information for its
   processing (e.g. related to the flow or service).  This information
   may be encoded in the ARG bits of the SID.

   In such a case, the semantics and format of the ARG bits are defined
   as part of the SRv6 endpoint behavior specification.

   The ARG value of a routed SID SHOULD remain constant among packets in
   a given flow.  Varying ARG values among packets in a flow may result
   in different ECMP hashing and cause re-ordering.

3.2.  SID Reachability

   Most often, the node N would advertise IPv6 prefix(es) matching the
   LOC parts covering its SIDs or shorter-mask prefix.  The distribution
   of these advertisements and calculation of their reachability are
   routing protocol specific aspects that are outside the scope of this
   document.

   An SRv6 SID is said to be routed if its SID belongs to an IPv6 prefix
   advertised via a routing protocol.  An SRv6 SID that does not fulfill
   this condition is non-routed.

   Let's provide a classic illustration:

   Node N is configured explicitly with two SIDs: 2001:DB8:B:1:100:: and
   2001:DB8:B:2:101::.

   The network learns about a path to 2001:DB8:B:1::/64 via the IGP and
   hence a packet destined to 2001:DB8:B:1:100:: would be routed up to
   N.  The network does not learn about a path to 2001:DB8:B:2::/64 via
   the IGP and hence a packet destined to 2001:DB8:B:2:101:: would not
   be routed up to N.

   A packet could be steered to a non-routed SID 2001:DB8:B:2:101:: by
   using a SID list <...,2001:DB8:B:1:100::,2001:DB8:B:2:101::,...>
   where the non-routed SID is preceded by a routed SID to the same
   node.  Routed and non-routed SRv6 SIDs are the SRv6 instantiation of
   global and local segments, respectively [RFC8402].

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4.  SR Endpoint Behaviors

   Each FIB entry indicates the behavior associated with a SID instance
   and its parameters.

   Following is a set of well-known behaviors that can be associated
   with a SID.

  End                Endpoint function
                     The SRv6 instantiation of a prefix SID [RFC8402]
  End.X              Endpoint with Layer-3 cross-connect
                     The SRv6 instantiation of a Adj SID [RFC8402]
  End.T              Endpoint with specific IPv6 table lookup
  End.DX6            Endpoint with decapsulation and IPv6 cross-connect
                     e.g. IPv6-L3VPN (equivalent to per-CE VPN label)
  End.DX4            Endpoint with decaps and IPv4 cross-connect
                     e.g. IPv4-L3VPN (equivalent to per-CE VPN label)
  End.DT6            Endpoint with decapsulation and IPv6 table lookup
                     e.g. IPv6-L3VPN (equivalent to per-VRF VPN label)
  End.DT4            Endpoint with decapsulation and IPv4 table lookup
                     e.g. IPv4-L3VPN (equivalent to per-VRF VPN label)
  End.DT46           Endpoint with decapsulation and IP table lookup
                     e.g. IP-L3VPN (equivalent to per-VRF VPN label)
  End.DX2            Endpoint with decapsulation and L2 cross-connect
                     e.g. L2VPN use-case
  End.DX2V           Endpoint with decaps and VLAN L2 table lookup
                     e.g. EVPN Flexible cross-connect use-case
  End.DT2U           Endpoint with decaps and unicast MAC L2table lookup
                     e.g. EVPN Bridging unicast use-case
  End.DT2M           Endpoint with decapsulation and L2 table flooding
                     e.g. EVPN Bridging BUM use-case with ESI filtering
  End.B6.Encaps      Endpoint bound to an SRv6 policy with encapsulation
                     SRv6 instantiation of a Binding SID
  End.B6.Encaps.RED  End.B6.Encaps with reduced SRH
                     SRv6 instantiation of a Binding SID
  End.BM             Endpoint bound to an SR-MPLS Policy
                     SRv6 instantiation of an SR-MPLS Binding SID

   The list is not exhaustive.  In practice, any function can be
   attached to a local SID: e.g. a node N can bind a SID to a local VM
   or container which can apply any complex processing on the packet.

   The following sub-sections detail the behaviors, introduced in this
   document, that a node (N) binds to a SID (S).

   Section 4.16 defines flavors of some of these behaviors.

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4.1.  End: Endpoint

   The Endpoint behavior ("End" for short) is the most basic behavior.
   It is the instantiation of a Prefix-SID [RFC8402].

   When N receives a packet whose IPv6 DA is S and S is a local End SID,
   N does:

  S01. When an SRH is processed {
  S02.   If (Segments Left == 0) {
  S03.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
               Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
               Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
               Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
  S04.   }
  S05.   If (IPv6 Hop Limit <= 1) {
  S06.      Send an ICMP Time Exceeded message to the Source Address,
               Code 0 (Hop limit exceeded in transit),
               Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
  S07.   }
  S08.   max_LE = (Hdr Ext Len / 2) - 1
  S09.   If ((Last Entry > max_LE) or (Segments Left > Last Entry+1)) {
  S10.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem to the Source Address,
               Code 0 (Erroneous header field encountered),
               Pointer set to the Segments Left field.
               Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.

  S11.   }
  S12.   Decrement Hop Limit by 1
  S13.   Decrement Segments Left by 1
  S14.   Update IPv6 DA with Segment List[Segments Left]
  S15.   Submit the packet to the egress IPv6 FIB lookup and
            transmission to the new destination
  S16. }

   Notes:
   The End behavior operates on the same FIB table (i.e.  VRF, L3 relay
   id) associated to the packet.  Hence the FIB lookup on line S15 is
   done in the same FIB table as the ingress interface.

   When processing the Upper-layer header of a packet matching a FIB
   entry locally instantiated as an SRv6 End SID, send an ICMP parameter
   problem message to the Source Address and discard the packet.  Error
   code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error) and Pointer set to the offset of
   the upper-layer header.

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4.2.  End.X: Layer-3 Cross-Connect

   The "Endpoint with cross-connect to an array of layer-3 adjacencies"
   behavior (End.X for short) is a variant of the End behavior.

   It is the SRv6 instantiation of an Adjacency-SID [RFC8402] and it is
   required to express any traffic-engineering policy.

   An instance of the End.X behavior is associated with a set, J, of one
   or more Layer-3 adjacencies.

   When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.X SID,
   the line S15 from the End processing is replaced by the following:

   S15.   Submit the packet to the IPv6 module for transmission
             to the new destination via a member of J

   Notes:
   S15.  If the set J contains several L3 adjacencies, then one element
   of the set is selected based on a hash of the packet's header
   Section 6.2.

   If a node N has 30 outgoing interfaces to 30 neighbors, usually the
   operator would explicitly instantiate 30 End.X SIDs at N: one per
   layer-3 adjacency to a neighbor.  Potentially, more End.X could be
   explicitly defined (groups of layer-3 adjacencies to the same
   neighbor or to different neighbors).

   Note that if N has an outgoing interface bundle I to a neighbor Q
   made of 10 member links, N may allocate up to 11 End.X local SIDs:
   one for the bundle(LAG) itself and then up to one for each Layer-2
   member link.

   When the End.X behavior is associated with a BGP Next-Hop, it is the
   SRv6 instantiation of the BGP Peering Segments [RFC8402].

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4.3.  End.T: Specific IPv6 Table Lookup

   The "Endpoint with specific IPv6 table lookup" behavior (End.T for
   short) is a variant of the End behavior.

   The End.T behavior is used for multi-table operation in the core.
   For this reason, an instance of the End.T behavior is associated with
   an IPv6 FIB table T.

   When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.T SID,
   the line S15 from the End processing is replaced by the following:

   S15.1.   Set the packet's associated FIB table to T
   S15.2.   Submit the packet to the egress IPv6 FIB lookup and
              transmission to the new destination

4.4.  End.DX6: Decapsulation and IPv6 Cross-Connect

   The "Endpoint with decapsulation and cross-connect to an array of
   IPv6 adjacencies" behavior (End.DX6 for short) is a variant of the
   End.X behavior.

   One of the applications of the End.DX6 behavior is the L3VPNv6 use-
   case where a FIB lookup in a specific tenant table at the egress PE
   is not required.  This is equivalent to the per-CE VPN label in MPLS
   [RFC4364].

   The End.DX6 SID MUST be the last segment in a SR Policy, and it is
   associated with one or more L3 IPv6 adjacencies J.

   When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DX6 SID,
   N does the following processing:

   S01. When an SRH is processed {
   S02.   If (Segments Left != 0) {
   S03.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem to the Source Address,
                Code 0 (Erroneous header field encountered),
                Pointer set to the Segments Left field.
                Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S04.   }
   S05.   Proceed to process the next header in the packet
   S06. }

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   When processing the Upper-layer header of a packet matching a FIB
   entry locally instantiated as an SRv6 End.DX6 SID, the following is
   done:

   S01. If (Upper-Layer Header type != 41) {
   S02.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S03. }
   S04. Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers
   S05. Forward the exposed IPv6 packet to the L3 adjacency J

   Notes:
   S01. 41 refers to IPv6 encapsulation as defined by IANA allocation
   for Internet Protocol Numbers.
   S05.  If the End.DX6 SID is bound to an array of L3 adjacencies, then
   one entry of the array is selected based on the hash of the packet's
   header Section 6.2.

4.5.  End.DX4: Decapsulation and IPv4 Cross-Connect

   The "Endpoint with decapsulation and cross-connect to an array of
   IPv4 adjacencies" behavior (End.DX4 for short) is a variant of the
   End.X behavior.

   One of the applications of the End.DX4 behavior is the L3VPNv4 use-
   case where a FIB lookup in a specific tenant table at the egress PE
   is not required.  This is equivalent to the per-CE VPN label in MPLS
   [RFC4364].

   The End.DX4 SID MUST be the last segment in a SR Policy, and it is
   associated with one or more L3 IPv4 adjacencies J.

   When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DX4 SID,
   N does the following processing:

   S01. When an SRH is processed {
   S02.   If (Segments Left != 0) {
   S03.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem to the Source Address,
                Code 0 (Erroneous header field encountered),
                Pointer set to the Segments Left field.
                Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S04.   }
   S05.   Proceed to process the next header in the packet
   S06. }

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   When processing the Upper-layer header of a packet matching a FIB
   entry locally instantiated as an SRv6 End.DX4 SID, the following is
   done:

   S01. If (Upper-Layer Header type != 4) {
   S02.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S03. }
   S04. Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers
   S05. Forward the exposed IPv4 packet to the L3 adjacency J

   Notes:
   S01. 4 refers to IPv4 encapsulation as defined by IANA allocation for
   Internet Protocol Numbers
   S05.  If the End.DX4 SID is bound to an array of L3 adjacencies, then
   one entry of the array is selected based on the hash of the packet's
   header Section 6.2.

4.6.  End.DT6: Decapsulation and Specific IPv6 Table Lookup

   The "Endpoint with decapsulation and specific IPv6 table lookup"
   behavior (End.DT6 for short) is a variant of the End.T behavior.

   One of the applications of the End.DT6 behavior is the L3VPNv6 use-
   case where a FIB lookup in a specific tenant table at the egress PE
   is required.  This is equivalent to the per-VRF VPN label in MPLS
   [RFC4364].

   Note that an End.DT6 may be defined for the main IPv6 table in which
   case and End.DT6 supports the equivalent of an IPv6inIPv6
   decapsulation (without VPN/tenant implication).

   The End.DT6 SID MUST be the last segment in a SR Policy, and a SID
   instance is associated with an IPv6 FIB table T.

   When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DT6 SID,
   N does the following processing:

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   S01. When an SRH is processed {
   S02.   If (Segments Left != 0) {
   S03.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem to the Source Address,
                Code 0 (Erroneous header field encountered),
                Pointer set to the Segments Left field.
                Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S04.   }
   S05.   Proceed to process the next header in the packet
   S06. }

   When processing the Upper-layer header of a packet matching a FIB
   entry locally instantiated as an SRv6 End.DT6 SID, N does the
   following:

   S01. If (Upper-Layer Header type != 41) {
   S02.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S03. }
   S04. Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers
   S05. Set the packet's associated FIB table to T
   S06. Submit the packet to the egress IPv6 FIB lookup and
           transmission to the new destination

4.7.  End.DT4: Decapsulation and Specific IPv4 Table Lookup

   The "Endpoint with decapsulation and specific IPv4 table lookup"
   behavior (End.DT4 for short) is a variant of the End behavior.

   One of the applications of the End.DT4 behavior is the L3VPNv4 use-
   case where a FIB lookup in a specific tenant table at the egress PE
   is required.  This is equivalent to the per-VRF VPN label in MPLS
   [RFC4364].

   Note that an End.DT4 may be defined for the main IPv4 table in which
   case an End.DT4 supports the equivalent of an IPv4inIPv6
   decapsulation (without VPN/tenant implication).

   The End.DT4 SID MUST be the last segment in a SR Policy, and a SID
   instance is associated with an IPv4 FIB table T.

   When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DT4 SID,
   N does the following processing:

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   S01. When an SRH is processed {
   S02.   If (Segments Left != 0) {
   S03.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem to the Source Address,
                Code 0 (Erroneous header field encountered),
                Pointer set to the Segments Left field.
                Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S04.   }
   S05.   Proceed to process the next header in the packet
   S06. }

   When processing the Upper-layer header of a packet matching a FIB
   entry locally instantiated as an SRv6 End.DT4 SID, N does the
   following:

   S01. If (Upper-Layer Header type != 4) {
   S02.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S03. }
   S04. Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers
   S05. Set the packet's associated FIB table to T
   S06. Submit the packet to the egress IPv4 FIB lookup and
           transmission to the new destination

4.8.  End.DT46: Decapsulation and Specific IP Table Lookup

   The "Endpoint with decapsulation and specific IP table lookup"
   behavior (End.DT46 for short) is a variant of the End.DT4 and End.DT6
   behavior.

   One of the applications of the End.DT46 behavior is the L3VPN use-
   case where a FIB lookup in a specific IP tenant table at the egress
   PE is required.  This is equivalent to single per-VRF VPN label (for
   IPv4 and IPv6) in MPLS[RFC4364].

   Note that an End.DT46 may be defined for the main IP table in which
   case an End.DT46 supports the equivalent of an IPinIPv6
   decapsulation(without VPN/tenant implication).

   The End.DT46 SID MUST be the last segment in a SR Policy, and a SID
   instance is associated with an IPv4 FIB table T4 and an IPv6 FIB
   table T6.

   When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DT46 SID,
   N does the following processing:

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   S01. When an SRH is processed {
   S02.   If (Segments Left != 0) {
   S03.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem to the Source Address,
                Code 0 (Erroneous header field encountered),
                Pointer set to the Segments Left field.
                Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S04.   }
   S05.   Proceed to process the next header in the packet
   S06. }

   When processing the Upper-layer header of a packet matching a FIB
   entry locally instantiated as an SRv6 End.DT46 SID, N does the
   following:

   S01. If (Upper-layer Header type == 4) {
   S02.    Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers
   S03.    Set the packet's associated FIB table to T4
   S04.    Submit the packet to the egress IPv4 FIB lookup and
              transmission to the new destination
   S05. } Else if (Upper-layer Header type == 41) {
   S06.    Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers
   S07.    Set the packet's associated FIB table to T6
   S08.    Submit the packet to the egress IPv6 FIB lookup and
              transmission to the new destination
   S09. } Else {
   S10.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S11. }

4.9.  End.DX2: Decapsulation and L2 Cross-Connect

   The "Endpoint with decapsulation and Layer-2 cross-connect to an
   outgoing L2 interface (OIF)" (End.DX2 for short) is a variant of the
   endpoint behavior.

   One of the applications of the End.DX2 behavior is the L2VPN/
   EVPN[RFC7432] VPWS use-case.

   The End.DX2 SID MUST be the last segment in a SR Policy, and it is
   associated with one outgoing interface I.

   When N receives a packet destined to S and S is a local End.DX2 SID,
   N does:

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   S01. When an SRH is processed {
   S02.   If (Segments Left != 0) {
   S03.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem to the Source Address,
                Code 0 (Erroneous header field encountered),
                Pointer set to the Segments Left field.
                Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S04.   }
   S05.   Proceed to process the next header in the packet
   S06. }

   When processing the Upper-layer header of a packet matching a FIB
   entry locally instantiated as an SRv6 End.DX2 SID, the following is
   done:

   S01. If (Upper-Layer Header type != TBD1) {
   S02.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S03. }
   S04. Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers and
           forward the Ethernet frame to the OIF I.

   Notes:
   S04.  An End.DX2 behavior could be customized to expect a specific
   IEEE header (e.g.  VLAN tag) and rewrite the egress IEEE header
   before forwarding on the outgoing interface.

4.10.  End.DX2V: Decapsulation and VLAN L2 Table Lookup

   The "Endpoint with decapsulation and specific VLAN table lookup"
   behavior (End.DX2V for short) is a variant of the End.DX2 behavior.

   One of the applications of the End.DX2V behavior is the EVPN Flexible
   cross-connect use-case.  The End.DX2V behavior is used to perform a
   lookup of the Ethernet frame VLANs in a particular L2 table.  Any SID
   instance of the End.DX2V behavior is associated with an L2 Table T.

   When N receives a packet whose IPv6 DA is S and S is a local End.DX2
   SID, the processing is identical to the End.DX2 behavior except for
   the Upper-layer header processing which is modified as follows:

   S04. Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers,
           lookup the exposed VLANs in L2 table T, and forward
           via the matched table entry.

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   Notes:
   An End.DX2V behavior could be customized to expect a specific VLAN
   format and rewrite the egress VLAN header before forwarding on the
   outgoing interface.

4.11.  End.DT2U: Decapsulation and Unicast MAC L2 Table Lookup

   The "Endpoint with decapsulation and specific unicast MAC L2 table
   lookup" behavior (End.DT2U for short) is a variant of the End
   behavior.

   One of the applications of the End.DT2U behavior is the EVPN Bridging
   unicast.  Any SID instance of the End.DT2U behavior is associated
   with an L2 Table T.

   When N receives a packet whose IPv6 DA is S and S is a local End.DT2U
   SID, the processing is identical to the End.DX2 behavior except for
   the Upper-layer header processing which is as follows:

   S01. If (Upper-Layer Header type != TBD1) {
   S02.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S03. }
   S04. Remove the IPv6 header and all its extension headers
   S05. Learn the exposed MAC Source Address in L2 Table T
   S06. Lookup the exposed MAC Destination Address in L2 Table T
   S07. If (matched entry in T) {
   S08.    Forward via the matched table T entry
   S09. } Else {
   S10.    Forward via all L2 OIFs entries in table T
   S11. }

   Notes:
   S05.  In EVPN, the learning of the exposed inner MAC SA is done via
   the control plane.

4.12.  End.DT2M: Decapsulation and L2 Table Flooding

   The "Endpoint with decapsulation and specific L2 table flooding"
   behavior (End.DT2M for short) is a variant of the End.DT2U behavior.

   Two of the applications of the End.DT2M behavior are the EVPN
   Bridging BUM with ESI filtering and the EVPN ETREE use-cases.

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   Any SID instance of this behavior is associated with a L2 table T.
   Additionally the behavior MAY take an argument: "Arg.FE2".  It is an
   argument specific to EVPN ESI filtering and EVPN-ETREE used to
   exclude specific OIF (or set of OIFs) from L2 table T flooding.

   When N receives a packet whose IPv6 DA is S and S is a local End.DT2M
   SID, the processing is identical to the End.DT2M behavior except for
   the Upper-layer header processing which is as follows:

   S01. If (Upper-Layer Header type != TBD1) {
   S02.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S03. }
   S04. Remove the IPv6 header and all its extension headers
   S05. Learn the exposed inner MAC Source Address in L2 Table T
   S06. Forward via all L2 OIFs excluding the one specified in Arg.FE2

   Notes:
   S05.  In EVPN, the learning of the exposed inner MAC SA is done via
   control plane

   Arg.FE2 is encoded in the SID as an (k*x)-bit value.  These bits
   represent a list of up to k OIFs, each identified with an x-bit
   value.  Values k and x are defined on a per End.DT2M SID basis.  The
   interface identifier 0 indicates an empty entry in the interface
   list.

4.13.  End.B6.Encaps: Endpoint Bound to an SRv6 Policy w/ Encaps

   This is a variation of the End behavior.

   One of its applications is to express scalable traffic-engineering
   policies across multiple domains.  It is the one of the SRv6
   instantiations of a Binding SID [RFC8402].

   An End.B6.Encaps SID is never the last segment in a SID list.  Any
   SID instantiation is associated with an SR Policy B and a source
   address A.

   When N receives a packet whose IPv6 DA is S and S is a local
   End.B6.Encaps SID, does:

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  S01. When an SRH is processed {
  S02.   If (Segments Left == 0) {
  S03.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
               Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
               Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
               Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
  S04.   }
  S05.   If (IPv6 Hop Limit <= 1) {
  S06.       Send an ICMP Time Exceeded message to the Source Address,
               Code 0 (Hop limit exceeded in transit),
               Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
  S07.   }
  S08.   max_LE = (Hdr Ext Len / 2) - 1
  S09.   If ((Last Entry > max_LE) or (Segments Left > (Last Entry+1)) {
  S10.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem to the Source Address,
               Code 0 (Erroneous header field encountered),
               Pointer set to the Segments Left field.
               Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
  S11.   }
  S12.   Decrement Hop Limit by 1
  S13.   Decrement Segments Left by 1
  S14.   Push a new IPv6 header with its own SRH containing B
  S15.   Set the outer IPv6 SA to A
  S16.   Set the outer IPv6 DA to the first SID of B
  S17.   Set the outer PayloadLength, Traffic Class, FlowLabel and
            Next-Header fields
  S18.   Submit the packet to the egress IPv6 FIB lookup and
            transmission to the new destination
  S19. }

   Notes:
   S14.  The SRH MAY be omitted when the SRv6 Policy B only contains one
   SID and there is no need to use any flag, tag or TLV.
   S17.  The Payload Length, Traffic Class and Next-Header fields are
   set as per [RFC2473].  The Flow Label is computed as per [RFC6437].

   When processing the Upper-layer header of a packet matching a FIB
   entry locally instantiated as an SRv6 End.B6.Encaps SID, send an ICMP
   parameter problem message to the Source Address and discard the
   packet.  Error code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error), Pointer set to
   the offset of the upper-layer header.

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4.14.  End.B6.Encaps.Red: End.B6.Encaps with Reduced SRH

   This is an optimization of the End.B6.Encaps behavior.

   End.B6.Encaps.Red reduces the size of the SRH by one SID by excluding
   the first SID in the SRH of the new IPv6 header.  Thus the first
   segment is only placed in the IPv6 Destination Address of the new
   IPv6 header and the packet is forwarded according to it.

   The SRH Last Entry field is set as defined in Section 4.1.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header].

   The SRH MAY be omitted when the SRv6 Policy only contains one segment
   and there is no need to use any flag, tag or TLV.

4.15.  End.BM: Endpoint Bound to an SR-MPLS Policy

   The "Endpoint bound to an SR-MPLS Policy" is a variant of the End
   behavior.

   The End.BM behavior is required to express scalable traffic-
   engineering policies across multiple domains where some domains
   support the MPLS instantiation of Segment Routing.  This is an SRv6
   instantiation of an SR-MPLS Binding SID [RFC8402].

   An End.BM SID is never the last SID, and any SID instantiation is
   associated with an SR-MPLS Policy B.

   When N receives a packet whose IPv6 DA is S and S is a local End.BM
   SID, does:

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  S01. When an SRH is processed {
  S02.   If (Segments Left == 0) {
  S03.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
               Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
               Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
               Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
  S04.   }
  S05.   If (IPv6 Hop Limit <= 1) {
  S06.      Send an ICMP Time Exceeded message to the Source Address,
               Code 0 (Hop limit exceeded in transit),
               Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.

  S07.   }
  S08.   max_LE = (Hdr Ext Len / 2) - 1
  S09.   If ((Last Entry > max_LE) or (Segments Left > (Last Entry+1)) {
  S10.      Send an ICMP Parameter Problem to the Source Address,
               Code 0 (Erroneous header field encountered),
               Pointer set to the Segments Left field.
               Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.

  S11.   }
  S12.   Decrement Hop Limit by 1
  S13.   Decrement Segments Left by 1
  S14.   Push the MPLS label stack for B
  S15.   Submit the packet to the MPLS engine for transmission to the
            topmost label.
  S16. }

   When processing the Upper-layer header of a packet matching a FIB
   entry locally instantiated as an SRv6 End.BM SID, send an ICMP
   parameter problem message to the Source Address and discard the
   packet.  Error code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error), Pointer set to
   the offset of the upper-layer header.

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4.16.  Flavors

   The PSP, USP and USD flavors are variants of the End, End.X and End.T
   behaviors.  For each of these behaviors these flavors MAY be
   supported for a SID either individually or in combinations.

4.16.1.  PSP: Penultimate Segment Pop of the SRH

   The SRH processing of the End, End.X and End.T behaviors are
   modified: after the instruction "S14.  Update IPv6 DA with Segment
   List[Segments Left]" is executed, the following instructions must be
   executed as well:

 S14.1.   If (Segments Left == 0) {
 S14.2.      Update the Next Header field in the preceding header to the
                Next Header value of the SRH
 S14.3.      Decrease the IPv6 header Payload Length by the Hdr Ext Len
                value of the SRH
 S14.4.      Remove the SRH from the IPv6 extension header chain
 S14.5.   }

4.16.2.  USP: Ultimate Segment Pop of the SRH

   The SRH processing of the End, End.X and End.T behaviors are
   modified: the instructions S02-S04 are substituted by the following
   ones:

 S02.     If (Segments Left == 0) {
 S03.1.      Update the Next Header field in the preceding header to the
                Next Header value of the SRH
 S03.2.      Decrease the IPv6 header Payload Length by the Hdr Ext Len
                value of the SRH
 S03.3.      Remove the SRH from the IPv6 extension header chain
 S03.4.      Proceed to process the next header in the packet
 S04.     }

4.16.3.  USD: Ultimate Segment Decapsulation

   The SRH processing of the End, End.X and End.T behaviors are
   modified: the instructions S02-S04 are substituted by the following
   ones:

   S02.   If (Segments Left == 0) {
   S03.      Skip the SRH processing and proceed to the next header
   S04.   }

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   Further on, the Upper-layer header processing of the End, End.X and
   End.T behaviors are modified as follows:

   End:
   S01. If (Upper-layer Header type == 41 || 4) {
   S02.    Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers
   S03.    Submit the packet to the egress IP FIB lookup and
              transmission to the new destination
   S04. } Else {
   S05.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.

   S06. }

   End.T:
   S01. If (Upper-layer Header type == 41 || 4) {
   S02.    Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers
   S03.    Set the packet's associated FIB table to T
   S04.    Submit the packet to the egress IP FIB lookup and
              Transmission to the new destination
   S05. } Else {
   S06.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S07. }

   End.X:
   S01. If (Upper-layer Header type == 41 || 4) {
   S02.    Remove the outer IPv6 Header with all its extension headers
   S03.    Forward the exposed IP packet to the L3 adjacency J
   S04. } Else {
   S05.    Send an ICMP Parameter Problem message to the Source Address
              Code 4 (SR Upper-layer Header Error),
              Pointer set to the offset of the upper-layer header.
              Interrupt packet processing and discard the packet.
   S06. }

   An implementation that supports the USD flavor in conjunction with
   the USP flavor MAY optimize the packet processing by first looking
   whether the conditions for the USD flavor are met, in which case it
   can proceed with USD processing else do USP processing.

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5.  SR Policy Headend Behaviors

   This section describes a set of SR Policy Headend behaviors.

  H.Encaps        SR Headend Behavior with Encapsulation in an SR Policy
  H.Encaps.Red    H.Encaps with Reduced Encapsulation
  H.Encaps.L2     H.Encaps Applied to Received L2 Frames
  H.Encaps.L2.Red H.Encaps.Red Applied to Received L2 Frames

   This list can be expanded in case any new functionality requires it.

5.1.  H.Encaps: SR Headend with Encapsulation in an SRv6 Policy

   Node N receives two packets P1=(A, B2) and P2=(A,B2)(B3, B2, B1;
   SL=1).  B2 is neither a local address nor SID of N.

   N steers the transit packets P1 and P2 into an SR Policy with a
   Source Address T and a Segment list <S1, S2, S3>.

   The H.Encaps transit encapsulation behavior is defined as follows:

   S01.   Push an IPv6 header with its own SRH (S3, S2, S1; SL=2)
   S02.   Set outer IPv6 SA = T and outer IPv6 DA = S1
   S03.   Set outer payload length, traffic class and flow label
   S04.   Update the Next-Header value
   S05.   Decrement inner Hop Limit or TTL
   S06.   Submit the packet to the IPv6 module for transmission to S1

   After the H.Encaps behavior, P1 and P2 respectively look like:

   - (T, S1) (S3, S2, S1; SL=2) (A, B2)

   - (T, S1) (S3, S2, S1; SL=2) (A, B2) (B3, B2, B1; SL=1)

   The received packet is encapsulated unmodified (with the exception of
   the TTL or Hop Limit that is decremented as described in [RFC2473]).

   The H.Encaps behavior is valid for any kind of Layer-3 traffic.  This
   behavior is commonly used for L3VPN with IPv4 and IPv6 deployments.
   It may be also used for TI-LFA[I-D.ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa]
   at the point of local repair.

   The push of the SRH MAY be omitted when the SRv6 Policy only contains
   one segment and there is no need to use any flag, tag or TLV.

   S03: As described in [RFC6437] (IPv6 Flow Label Specification)

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5.2.  H.Encaps.Red: H.Encaps with Reduced Encapsulation

   The H.Encaps.Red behavior is an optimization of the H.Encaps
   behavior.

   H.Encaps.Red reduces the length of the SRH by excluding the first SID
   in the SRH of the pushed IPv6 header.  The first SID is only placed
   in the Destination Address field of the pushed IPv6 header.

   After the H.Encaps.Red behavior, P1 and P2 respectively look like:

   - (T, S1) (S3, S2; SL=2) (A, B2)

   - (T, S1) (S3, S2; SL=2) (A, B2) (B3, B2, B1; SL=1)

   The push of the SRH MAY be omitted when the SRv6 Policy only contains
   one segment and there is no need to use any flag, tag or TLV.

5.3.  H.Encaps.L2: H.Encaps Applied to Received L2 Frames

   The H.Encaps.L2 behavior encapsulates a received Ethernet [Ethernet]
   frame and its attached VLAN header, if present, in an IPv6 packet
   with an SRH.  The Ethernet frame becomes the payload of the new IPv6
   packet.

   The Next Header field of the SRH MUST be set to TBD1.

   The push of the SRH MAY be omitted when the SRv6 Policy only contains
   one segment and there is no need to use any flag, tag or TLV.

   The encapsulating node MUST remove the preamble or frame check
   sequence (FCS) from the Ethernet frame upon encapsulation and the
   decapsulating node MUST regenerate the preamble or FCS before
   forwarding Ethernet frame.

5.4.  H.Encaps.L2.Red: H.Encaps.Red Applied to Received L2 frames

   The H.Encaps.L2.Red behavior is an optimization of the H.Encaps.L2
   behavior.

   H.Encaps.L2.Red reduces the length of the SRH by excluding the first
   SID in teh SRH of the pushed IPv6 header.  The first SID is only
   places in the Destination Address field of the pushed IPv6 header.

   The push of the SRH MAY be omitted when the SRv6 Policy only contains
   one segment and there is no need to use any flag, tag or TLV.

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6.  Operation

6.1.  Counters

   Any SRv6 capable node SHOULD implement the following set of combined
   counters (packets and bytes):

   - CNT-1: Per local SID entry, traffic that matched that SID and was
     processed correctly.

   - CNT-2: Per SRv6 Policy, traffic steered into it and processed
     correctly.

   Furthermore, an SRv6 capable node SHOULD maintain an aggregate
   counter CNT-3 tracking the IPv6 packets received with an IPv6
   Destination Address matching a local interface address that is not a
   locally instantiated SID and containing an SRH with a Segments Left
   value different from 0.

6.2.  Flow-based Hash Computation

   When a flow-based selection within a set needs to be performed, the
   source address, the destination address and the flow label MUST be
   included in the flow-based hash.

   This occurs when a FIB lookup is performed and multiple ECMP paths
   exist to the updated destination address.

   This occurs when End.X, End.DX4, or End.DX6 are bound to an array of
   adjacencies.

   This occurs when the packet is steered in an SR policy whose selected
   path has multiple SID lists.

   Additionally, any transit router in an SRv6 domain includes the outer
   flow label in its ECMP load-balancing hash [RFC6437].

6.3.  OAM

   [I-D.ietf-6man-spring-srv6-oam] defines OAM behaviors for SRv6.  This
   includes the definition of the SRH Flag 'O-bit', as well as
   additional SR Endpoint behaviors for OAM purposes.

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7.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations for Segment Routing are discussed in
   [RFC8402].  More specifically for SRv6 the security considerations
   and the mechanisms for securing an SR domain are discussed in
   [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header].  Together, they describe the
   required security mechanisms that allow establishment of an SR domain
   of trust to operate SRv6-based services for internal traffic while
   preventing any external traffic from accessing or exploiting the
   SRv6-based services.

   This document introduces SRv6 Endpoint and Transit Nodes behaviors
   for implementation on SRv6 capable nodes in the network.  As such,
   this document does not introduce any new security considerations.

8.  Control Plane

   In an SDN environment, one expects the controller to explicitly
   provision the SIDs and/or discover them as part of a service
   discovery function.  Applications residing on top of the controller
   could then discover the required SIDs and combine them to form a
   distributed network program.

   The concept of "SRv6 network programming" refers to the capability
   for an application to encode any complex program as a set of
   individual functions distributed through the network.  Some functions
   relate to underlay SLA, others to overlay/tenant, others to complex
   applications residing in VM and containers.

   This section provides a high level overview of the control-plane
   protocols involved with SRv6 and their specification.

8.1.  IGP

   The End, End.T and End.X SIDs express topological behaviors and hence
   are expected to be signaled in the IGP together with the flavors PSP,
   USP and USD[I-D.ietf-lsr-isis-srv6-extensions].  The IGP also
   advertises the support for SRv6 capabilities of the node.

   The presence of SIDs in the IGP do not imply any routing semantics to
   the addresses represented by these SIDs.  The routing reachability to
   an IPv6 address is solely governed by the, non-SID-related, IGP
   prefix reachability information that includes locators.  Routing is
   not governed neither influenced in any way by a SID advertisement in
   the IGP.

   These SIDs provide important topological behaviors for the IGP to
   build TI-LFA[I-D.ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa] based FRR

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   solutions and for TE processes relying on IGP topology database to
   build SR policies.

8.2.  BGP-LS

   BGP-LS provides the functionality for topology discovery that
   includes the SRv6 capabilities of the nodes, their locators and
   locally instantiated SIDs [I-D.ietf-idr-bgpls-srv6-ext].  This
   enables controllers or applications to build an inter-domain topology
   that can be used for computation of SR Policies using the SRv6 SIDs.

8.3.  BGP IP/VPN/EVPN

   The End.DX4, End.DX6, End.DT4, End.DT6, End.DT46, End.DX2, End.DX2V,
   End.DT2U and End.DT2M SIDs can be signaled in BGP
   [I-D.ietf-bess-srv6-services].

8.4.  Summary

   The following table summarizes behaviors for SIDs that can be
   signaled in which each respective control plane protocol.

        +-----------------------+-----+--------+-----------------+
        |                       | IGP | BGP-LS | BGP IP/VPN/EVPN |
        +-----------------------+-----+--------+-----------------+
        | End   (PSP, USP, USD) |  X  |   X    |                 |
        | End.X (PSP, USP, USD) |  X  |   X    |                 |
        | End.T (PSP, USP, USD) |  X  |   X    |                 |
        | End.DX6               |  X  |   X    |        X        |
        | End.DX4               |  X  |   X    |        X        |
        | End.DT6               |  X  |   X    |        X        |
        | End.DT4               |  X  |   X    |        X        |
        | End.DT46              |  X  |   X    |        X        |
        | End.DX2               |     |   X    |        X        |
        | End.DX2V              |     |   X    |        X        |
        | End.DT2U              |     |   X    |        X        |
        | End.DT2M              |     |   X    |        X        |
        | End.B6.Encaps         |     |   X    |                 |
        | End.B6.Encaps.Red     |     |   X    |                 |
        | End.B6.BM             |     |   X    |                 |
        +-----------------------+-----+--------+-----------------+

             Table 1: SRv6 locally instantiated SIDs signaling

   The following table summarizes which transit capabilities are
   signaled in which signaling protocol.

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           +-----------------+-----+--------+-----------------+
           |                 | IGP | BGP-LS | BGP IP/VPN/EVPN |
           +-----------------+-----+--------+-----------------+
           | H.Encaps        |  X  |   X    |                 |
           | H.Encaps.Red    |  X  |   X    |                 |
           | H.Encaps.L2     |     |   X    |                 |
           | H.Encaps.L2.Red |     |   X    |                 |
           +-----------------+-----+--------+-----------------+

                 Table 2: SRv6 transit behaviors signaling

   The previous table describes generic capabilities.  It does not
   describe specific instantiated SR policies.

   For example, a BGP-LS advertisement of H.Encaps behavior would
   describe the capability of node N to perform a H.Encaps behavior,
   specifically it would describe how many SIDs could be pushed by N
   without significant performance degradation.

   As a reminder, an SR policy is always assigned a Binding SID
   [RFC8402].  BSIDs are also advertised in BGP-LS as shown in Table 1.
   Hence, the Table 2 only focuses on the generic capabilities related
   to H.Encaps.

9.  IANA Considerations

9.1.  Ethernet Next Header Type

   This document requests IANA to allocate, in the "Protocol Numbers"
   registry (https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-
   numbers.xhtml), a new value for "Ethernet" with the following
   definition: The value TBD1 in the Next Header field of an IPv6 header
   or any extension header indicates that the payload is an Ethernet
   [Ethernet].

9.2.  SRv6 Endpoint Behaviors Registry

   This document requests IANA to create a new top-level registry called
   "Segment Routing Parameters".  This registry is being defined to
   serve as a top-level registry for keeping all other Segment Routing
   sub-registries.

   Additionally, a new sub-registry "SRv6 Endpoint Behaviors" is to be
   created under top-level "Segment Routing Parameters" registry.  This
   sub-registry maintains 16-bit identifiers for the SRv6 Endpoint
   behaviors.  The range of the registry is 0-65535 (0x0000 - 0xFFFF)
   and has the following registration rules and allocation policies:

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   +-------------+---------------+---------------------------+---------+
   | Range       |      Hex      |   Registration procedure  |  Notes  |
   +-------------+---------------+---------------------------+---------+
   | 0           |     0x0000    |          Reserved         | Invalid |
   | 1-32767     | 0x0001-0x7FFF |            FCFS           |         |
   | 32768-65534 | 0x8000-0xFFFE |    Reserved. Not to be    |         |
   |             |               |         allocated.        |         |
   | 65535       |     0xFFFF    |          Reserved         |  Opaque |
   +-------------+---------------+---------------------------+---------+

                 Table 3: SRv6 Endpoint Behaviors Registry

9.2.1.  Initial Registrations

   The initial registrations for the sub-registry are as follows:

   +-------------+--------+----------------------+---------------------+
   | Value       |  Hex   |  Endpoint behavior   |      Reference      |
   +-------------+--------+----------------------+---------------------+
   | 0           | 0x0000 |       Invalid        |      [This.ID]      |
   | 1           | 0x0001 | End (no PSP, no USP) |      [This.ID]      |
   | 2           | 0x0002 |     End with PSP     |      [This.ID]      |
   | 3           | 0x0003 |     End with USP     |      [This.ID]      |
   | 4           | 0x0004 |   End with PSP&USP   |      [This.ID]      |
   | 5           | 0x0005 |  End.X (no PSP, no   |      [This.ID]      |
   |             |        |         USP)         |                     |
   | 6           | 0x0006 |    End.X with PSP    |      [This.ID]      |
   | 7           | 0x0007 |    End.X with USP    |      [This.ID]      |
   | 8           | 0x0008 |  End.X with PSP&USP  |      [This.ID]      |
   | 9           | 0x0009 |  End.T (no PSP, no   |      [This.ID]      |
   |             |        |         USP)         |                     |
   | 10          | 0x000A |    End.T with PSP    |      [This.ID]      |
   | 11          | 0x000B |    End.T with USP    |      [This.ID]      |
   | 12          | 0x000C |  End.T with PSP&USP  |      [This.ID]      |
   | 13          | 0x000D |       Reserved       |          -          |
   | 14          | 0x000E |    End.B6.Encaps     |      [This.ID]      |
   | 15          | 0x000F |        End.BM        |      [This.ID]      |
   | 16          | 0x0010 |       End.DX6        |      [This.ID]      |
   | 17          | 0x0011 |       End.DX4        |      [This.ID]      |
   | 18          | 0x0012 |       End.DT6        |      [This.ID]      |
   | 19          | 0x0013 |       End.DT4        |      [This.ID]      |
   | 20          | 0x0014 |       End.DT46       |      [This.ID]      |
   | 21          | 0x0015 |       End.DX2        |      [This.ID]      |
   | 22          | 0x0016 |       End.DX2V       |      [This.ID]      |
   | 23          | 0x0017 |       End.DT2U       |      [This.ID]      |
   | 24          | 0x0018 |       End.DT2M       |      [This.ID]      |
   | 25          | 0x0019 |       Reserved       |      [This.ID]      |
   | 26          | 0x001A |       Reserved       |          -          |

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   | 27          | 0x001B |  End.B6.Encaps.Red   |      [This.ID]      |
   | 28          | 0x001C |     End with USD     |      [This.ID]      |
   | 29          | 0x001D |   End with PSP&USD   |      [This.ID]      |
   | 30          | 0x001E |   End with USP&USD   |      [This.ID]      |
   | 31          | 0x001F | End with PSP, USP &  |      [This.ID]      |
   |             |        |         USD          |                     |
   | 32          | 0x0020 |    End.X with USD    |      [This.ID]      |
   | 33          | 0x0021 |  End.X with PSP&USD  |      [This.ID]      |
   | 34          | 0x0022 |  End.X with USP&USD  |      [This.ID]      |
   | 35          | 0x0023 | End.X with PSP, USP  |      [This.ID]      |
   |             |        |        & USD         |                     |
   | 36          | 0x0024 |    End.T with USD    |      [This.ID]      |
   | 37          | 0x0025 |  End.T with PSP&USD  |      [This.ID]      |
   | 38          | 0x0026 |  End.T with USP&USD  |      [This.ID]      |
   | 39          | 0x0027 | End.T with PSP, USP  |      [This.ID]      |
   |             |        |        & USD         |                     |
   | 40-32767    |        |      Unassigned      |                     |
   | 32768-65534 |        |       Reserved       |    Change control   |
   |             |        |                      |      under IETF     |
   | 65535       | 0xFFFF |        Opaque        |      [This.ID]      |
   +-------------+--------+----------------------+---------------------+

                  Table 4: IETF - SRv6 Endpoint Behaviors

   Requests for allocation from within the FCFS range must include a
   point of contact and preferably also a brief description of how the
   value will be used.  This information may be provided with a
   reference to an Internet Draft or an RFC or in some other
   documentation that is permanently and readily available.

10.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to acknowledge Stefano Previdi, Dave Barach,
   Mark Townsley, Peter Psenak, Thierry Couture, Kris Michielsen, Paul
   Wells, Robert Hanzl, Dan Ye, Gaurav Dawra, Faisal Iqbal, Jaganbabu
   Rajamanickam, David Toscano, Asif Islam, Jianda Liu, Yunpeng Zhang,
   Jiaoming Li, Narendra A.K, Mike Mc Gourty, Bhupendra Yadav, Sherif
   Toulan, Satish Damodaran, John Bettink, Kishore Nandyala Veera Venk,
   Jisu Bhattacharya and Saleem Hafeez.

11.  Contributors

   Daniel Bernier
   Bell Canada
   Canada

   Email: daniel.bernier@bell.ca

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   Dirk Steinberg
   Lapishills Consulting Limited
   Cyprus

   Email: dirk@lapishills.com

   Robert Raszuk
   Bloomberg LP
   United States of America

   Email: robert@raszuk.net

   Bruno Decraene
   Orange
   France

   Email: bruno.decraene@orange.com

   Bart Peirens
   Proximus
   Belgium

   Email: bart.peirens@proximus.com

   Hani Elmalky
   Google
   United States of America

   Email: helmalky@google.com

   Prem Jonnalagadda
   Barefoot Networks
   United States of America

   Email: prem@barefootnetworks.com

   Milad Sharif
   Barefoot Networks
   United States of America

   Email: msharif@barefootnetworks.com

   David Lebrun
   Google
   Belgium

   Email: dlebrun@google.com

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   Stefano Salsano
   Universita di Roma "Tor Vergata"
   Italy

   Email: stefano.salsano@uniroma2.it

   Ahmed AbdelSalam
   Gran Sasso Science Institute
   Italy

   Email: ahmed.abdelsalam@gssi.it

   Gaurav Naik
   Drexel University
   United States of America

   Email: gn@drexel.edu

   Arthi Ayyangar
   Arrcus, Inc
   United States of America

   Email: arthi@arrcus.com

   Satish Mynam
   Arrcus, Inc
   United States of America

   Email: satishm@arrcus.com

   Wim Henderickx
   Nokia
   Belgium

   Email: wim.henderickx@nokia.com

   Shaowen Ma
   Juniper
   Singapore

   Email: mashao@juniper.net

   Ahmed Bashandy
   Individual
   United States of America

   Email: abashandy.ietf@gmail.com

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   Francois Clad
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   France

   Email: fclad@cisco.com

   Kamran Raza
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Canada

   Email: skraza@cisco.com

   Darren Dukes
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Canada

   Email: ddukes@cisco.com

   Patrice Brissete
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Canada

   Email: pbrisset@cisco.com

   Zafar Ali
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   United States of America

   Email: zali@cisco.com

   Ketan Talaulikar
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   India

   Email: ketant@cisco.com

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [Ethernet]
              DigitalEquipment, Intel, and Xerox, "The Ethernet -- A
              Local Area Network: Data Link Layer and Physical Layer
              (Version 2.0)", November 1982.

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   [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header]
              Filsfils, C., Dukes, D., Previdi, S., Leddy, J.,
              Matsushima, S., and D. Voyer, "IPv6 Segment Routing Header
              (SRH)", draft-ietf-6man-segment-routing-header-26 (work in
              progress), October 2019.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2473]  Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Generic Packet Tunneling in
              IPv6 Specification", RFC 2473, DOI 10.17487/RFC2473,
              December 1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2473>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8200]  Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.

   [RFC8402]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L.,
              Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
              Routing Architecture", RFC 8402, DOI 10.17487/RFC8402,
              July 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402>.

12.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.filsfils-spring-srv6-net-pgm-illustration]
              Filsfils, C., Camarillo, P., Li, Z., Matsushima, S.,
              Decraene, B., Steinberg, D., Lebrun, D., Raszuk, R., and
              J. Leddy, "Illustrations for SRv6 Network Programming",
              draft-filsfils-spring-srv6-net-pgm-illustration-01 (work
              in progress), August 2019.

   [I-D.ietf-6man-spring-srv6-oam]
              Ali, Z., Filsfils, C., Matsushima, S., Voyer, D., and M.
              Chen, "Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)
              in Segment Routing Networks with IPv6 Data plane (SRv6)",
              draft-ietf-6man-spring-srv6-oam-02 (work in progress),
              November 2019.

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   [I-D.ietf-bess-srv6-services]
              Dawra, G., Filsfils, C., Raszuk, R., Decraene, B., Zhuang,
              S., and J. Rabadan, "SRv6 BGP based Overlay services",
              draft-ietf-bess-srv6-services-01 (work in progress),
              November 2019.

   [I-D.ietf-idr-bgpls-srv6-ext]
              Dawra, G., Filsfils, C., Talaulikar, K., Chen, M.,
              daniel.bernier@bell.ca, d., and B. Decraene, "BGP Link
              State Extensions for SRv6", draft-ietf-idr-bgpls-
              srv6-ext-01 (work in progress), July 2019.

   [I-D.ietf-lsr-isis-srv6-extensions]
              Psenak, P., Filsfils, C., Bashandy, A., Decraene, B., and
              Z. Hu, "IS-IS Extension to Support Segment Routing over
              IPv6 Dataplane", draft-ietf-lsr-isis-srv6-extensions-03
              (work in progress), October 2019.

   [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa]
              Litkowski, S., Bashandy, A., Filsfils, C., Decraene, B.,
              Francois, P., Voyer, D., Clad, F., and P. Camarillo,
              "Topology Independent Fast Reroute using Segment Routing",
              draft-ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa-01 (work in
              progress), March 2019.

   [RFC4364]  Rosen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
              Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, DOI 10.17487/RFC4364, February
              2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4364>.

   [RFC6437]  Amante, S., Carpenter, B., Jiang, S., and J. Rajahalme,
              "IPv6 Flow Label Specification", RFC 6437,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6437, November 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6437>.

   [RFC7432]  Sajassi, A., Ed., Aggarwal, R., Bitar, N., Isaac, A.,
              Uttaro, J., Drake, J., and W. Henderickx, "BGP MPLS-Based
              Ethernet VPN", RFC 7432, DOI 10.17487/RFC7432, February
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7432>.

Authors' Addresses

   Clarence Filsfils (editor)
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Belgium

   Email: cf@cisco.com

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   Pablo Camarillo Garvia (editor)
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   Spain

   Email: pcamaril@cisco.com

   John Leddy
   Individual Contributor
   United States of America

   Email: john@leddy.net

   Daniel Voyer
   Bell Canada
   Canada

   Email: daniel.voyer@bell.ca

   Satoru Matsushima
   SoftBank
   1-9-1,Higashi-Shimbashi,Minato-Ku
   Tokyo  105-7322
   Japan

   Email: satoru.matsushima@g.softbank.co.jp

   Zhenbin Li
   Huawei Technologies
   China

   Email: lizhenbin@huawei.com

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