PCP Third Party ID Option
draft-ietf-pcp-third-party-id-option-02

Internet Engineering Task Force                                 A. Ripke
Internet-Draft                                                 R. Winter
Updates: 6887 (if approved)                                     T. Dietz
Intended status: Standards Track                              J. Quittek
Expires: August 12, 2015                                             NEC
                                                             R. da Silva
                                                          Telefonica I+D
                                                        February 8, 2015

                       PCP Third Party ID Option
                draft-ietf-pcp-third-party-id-option-02

Abstract

   This document describes a new Port Control Protocol (PCP) option
   called THIRD_PARTY_ID.  It is designed to be used in combination with
   the THIRD_PARTY option specified in RFC 6887 but can also be used
   without it.  The THIRD_PARTY_ID serves to identify a Third Party in
   situations where a third party's IP address contained in the
   THIRD_PARTY option does not provide sufficient information to create
   requested mappings in a PCP-controlled device.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 12, 2015.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of

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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Target Scenarios  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  Carrier-hosted UPnP IGD-PCP IWF . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  Carrier Web Portal  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.3.  Other Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   4.  Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     4.1.  Result Codes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   5.  Behavior  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.1.  Generating a Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.2.  Processing a Request  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.3.  Processing a Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   8.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12

1.  Introduction

   The IETF has specified the Port Control Protocol (PCP) [RFC6887] to
   control how packets are translated and forwarded by a PCP-controlled
   device such as a network address translator (NAT) or firewall.

   This document focuses on the scenarios where the PCP client sends
   requests that concern internal addresses other than the address of
   the PCP client itself.

   There is already an option defined for this purpose in the RFC 6887
   [RFC6887] called the THIRD_PARTY option.  The THIRD_PARTY option
   carries the IP address of a host for which a PCP client requests an
   action at the PCP server.  The THIRD_PARTY option can, for example,
   be used if port mapping requests for a carrier-grade NAT (CGN) are
   not sent from PCP clients at subscriber's terminals, but, for
   example, from a PCP Interworking Function which requests port
   mappings.

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   In some cases, the THIRD_PARTY option is not sufficient and further
   means are needed for identifying the third party.  Such cases are
   addressed by the THIRD_PARTY_ID option, that is specified in this
   document.

   The primary issue addressed by the THIRD_PARTY_ID option is that
   there are CGN deployments that do not distinguish internal hosts by
   their IP address alone, but use further identifiers (IDs) for unique
   subscriber identification.  This is, for example, the case if a CGN
   supports overlapping private or shared IP address spaces
   [RFC1918][RFC6598] for internal hosts of different subscribers.  In
   such cases, different internal hosts are identified and mapped at the
   CGN by their IP address and/or another ID, for example, the ID of a
   tunnel between the CGN and the subscriber.  In these scenarios (and
   similar ones), the internal IP address contained in the THIRD_PARTY
   option is not sufficient to de-multiplex connections from internal
   hosts.  An additional identifier needs to be present in the PCP
   message in order to uniquely identify an internal host.  The
   THIRD_PARTY_ID option is used to carry this ID.

   This applies to some of the PCP deployment scenarios that are listed
   in Section 2.1 of RFC 6887 [RFC6887], in particular to a Layer-2
   aware NAT which is described in more detail in Section 3, or GI-DS-
   Lite [RFC6674] and ds-extra-lite [RFC6619].

   The THIRD_PARTY_ID option is defined for the PCP opcodes MAP and
   PEER.  It can be used alone or in combination with the THIRD_PARTY
   option for the PCP opcodes MAP and PEER.

2.  Terminology

   The terminology defined in the specification of PCP [RFC6887]
   applies.

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC
   2119 [RFC2119].

3.  Target Scenarios

   This section describes two scenarios that illustrate the use of the
   THIRD_PARTY_ID option:

   1.  a UPnP IGD-PCP IWF (Universal Plug and Play Internet Gateway
       Device - Port Control Protocol Interworking Function [RFC6970]),

   2.  a carrier web portal for port mapping.

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   The scenarios serve as examples.  This document does not restrict the
   applicability of the THIRD_PARTY_ID to certain scenarios.  Both
   scenarios are refinements of the same basic scenario shown in
   Figure 1 which is considered as a PCP deployment scenario employing
   Layer-2 aware NATs as listed in Section 2.1 of [RFC6887].  It has a
   carrier operating a CGN and a Port Control Protocol Interworking
   Function (PCP IWF) [RFC6970] for subscribers to request port mappings
   at the CGN.  The PCP IWF communicates with the CGN using PCP.  For
   this purpose the PCP IWF contains a PCP client serving multiple
   subscribers and the CGN is co-located with a PCP server.  The way
   subscribers interact with the PCP IWF for requesting port mappings
   for their internal hosts is not specified in this basic scenario, but
   it is elaborated on more in the specific scenarios in Section 3.1 and
   Section 3.2.

   The CGN operates as a Layer-2 aware NAT.  Unlike a standard NAT, it
   includes a subscriber identifier in addition to the source IP address
   in entries of the NAT mapping table.

   +--------------+    +------------------+
   | Subscriber   |    | Carrier          |    ==== L2 connection(s)
   |              |    | +--------------+ |         between subscriber
   |              +......+ PCP          | |         and CGN
   | +----------+ |    | | Interworking | |    #### PCP communication
   | | Internal | |    | | Function     | |    .... Subscriber - IWF
   | | Host     | |    | +-----#--------+ |         interaction
   | +----+-----+ |    |       #          |         (elaborated
   |      |       |    | +-----#--------+ |         in specific
   | +----+-----+ |    | | PCP Server   | |         scenarios below)
   | |  CPE     | |    | |              | |
   | |          +-+======+ CGN L2NAT    +--------- Public Internet
   | +----------+ |    | +--------------+ |
   +--------------+    +------------------+

        Figure 1: Carrier hosted PCP IWF for port mapping requests

   Internal hosts in the subscriber's network use private IP addresses
   ([RFC1918]).  There is no NAT between the internal host and the CGN,
   and there is an overlap of addresses used by internal hosts at
   different subscribers.  That is why the CGN needs more than just the
   internal host's IP address to distinguish internal hosts at different
   subscribers.  A commonly deployed method for solving this issue is
   using an additional identifier for this purpose.  A natural candidate
   for this additional identifier at the CGN is the ID of the tunnel
   that connects the CGN to the subscriber's network.  The subscriber's
   CPE operates as a Layer-2 bridge.

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   Requests for port mappings from the PCP IWF to the CGN need to
   uniquely identify the internal host for which a port mapping is to be
   established or modified.  Already existing for this purpose is the
   THIRD_PARTY option that can be used to specify the internal host's IP
   address.  The THIRD_PARTY_ID option is introduced for carrying the
   additional third party information needed to identify the internal
   host in this scenario.

   The additional identifier for internal hosts needs to be included in
   MAP requests from the PCP IWF in order to uniquely identify the
   internal host that should have its address mapped.  This is the
   purpose that the new THIRD_PARTY_ID serves in this scenario.  It
   carries the additional identifier, that is the tunnel ID, that serves
   for identifying an internal host in combination with the internal
   host's (private) IP address.  The IP address of the internal host is
   included in the PCP IWF's mapping requests by using the THIRD_PARTY
   option.

   The information carried by the THIRD_PARTY_ID is not just needed to
   identify an internal host in a PCP request.  The CGN needs this
   information in its internal mapping tables for translating packet
   addresses and for forwarding packets to subscriber-specific tunnels.

   How the carrier PCP IWF is managing port mappings, such as, for
   example, automatically extending the lifetime of a mapping, is beyond
   the scope of this document.

3.1.  Carrier-hosted UPnP IGD-PCP IWF

   This scenario further elaborates the basic one above by choosing
   UPnP-IGD as the communication protocol between the subscriber and the
   carrier's PCP IWF.  Then obviously, the PCP IWF is realized as a UPnP
   IGD-PCP IWF as specified in [RFC6970].

   As shown in Figure 2 it is assumed here that the UPnP IGD-PCP IWF is
   not embedded in the subscriber premises router, but offered as a
   service to the subscriber.  Further, it is assumed that the UPnP IGD-
   PCP IWF is not providing NAT functionality.

   This requires that the subscriber is able to connect to the UPnP IGD-
   PCP IWF to request port mappings at the CGN using UPnP-IGD as
   specified in [RFC6970].  In this scenario the connection is provided
   via (one of the) tunnel(s) connecting the subscriber's network to the
   BRAS and an extension of this tunnel from the BRAS to the UPnP IGD-
   PCP IWF.  Note that there are other alternatives that can be used for
   providing the connection to the UPnP IGD-PCP IWF.  The tunnel
   extension used in this scenario can, for example, be realized by a
   forwarding function for UPnP messages at the BRAS that forwards such

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   messages through per-subscriber tunnels to the UPnP IGD-PCP IWF.
   Depending on an actual implementation, the UPnP IGD-PCP IWF can then
   either use the ID of the tunnel in which the UPnP message arrived
   directly as THIRD_PARTY_ID for PCP requests to the CGN or it uses the
   ID of the tunnel to retrieve the THIRD_PARTY_ID from the AAA server.

   To support the latter option, the BRAS needs to register the
   subscriber's tunnel IDs at the AAA Server at the time it contacts the
   AAA server for authentication and/or authorization of the subscriber.
   The tunnel IDs to be registered per subscriber at the AAA server may
   include the tunnel between CPE and BRAS, between BRAS and UPnP IGD-
   PCP IWF, and between BRAS and CGN.  The UPnP IGD-PCP IWF queries the
   AAA Server for the ID of the tunnel between BRAS and CGN, because
   this is the identifier to be used as the THIRD_PARTY_ID in the
   subsequent port mapping request.

   +--------------+    +------------------------------------+
   | Subscriber   |    | Carrier                            |
   |              |    | +----------------------------+     |
   |              |    | |          AAA Server        |     |
   |              |    | +-----+---------------+------+     |
   |              |    |       |               |            |
   | +----------+ |    | +-----+---+     +-----+------+     |
   | | Internal | |    | |         +=====+            |     |
   | | Host     | |    | |    ...........| UPnP IGD   |     |
   | +----+-----+ |    | |    .    +=====+ PCP IWF    |     |
   |      |  .    |    | |    .    |     +-----#------+     |
   | +----+--.--| |    | |    .    |           #            |
   | |    |  .  +========+    .    |     +-----#------+     |
   | |    |  ..................    +=====+ PCP Server |     |
   | |    +------------------------------|            |     |
   | |  CPE     +========+  BRAS   +=====+ CGN L2NAT  +------- Public
   | +----------+ |    | +---------+     +------------+     |  Internet
   +--------------+    +------------------------------------+
   ==== L2 tunnel borders between subscriber, BRAS, IWF, and CGN
   .... UPnP communication
   #### PCP communication

                        Figure 2: UPnP IGD-PCP IWF

   A potential extension to [RFC6970] regarding an additional state
   variable for the THIRD_PARTY_ID and regarding an additional error
   code for a mismatched THIRD_PARTY_ID and its processing might be a
   logical next step.  However, this is not in the scope of this
   document.

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3.2.  Carrier Web Portal

   This scenario shown in Figure 3 is different from the previous one
   concerning the protocol used between the subscriber and the IWF.
   Here, HTTP(S) is the protocol that the subscriber uses for port
   mapping requests.  The subscriber may make requests manually using a
   web browser or automatically - as in the previous scenario - with
   applications in the subscriber's network issuing port mapping
   requests on demand.  The Web Portal queries the AAA Server for the
   subscriber's tunnel ID of tunnel(BRAS, CGN) which was reported by the
   BRAS.  The returned tunnel ID of tunnel(BRAS, CGN) is used as the
   THIRD_PARTY_ID in the subsequent port mapping request.

   +--------------+    +------------------------------------+
   | Subscriber   |    | Carrier                            |
   |              |    |                 +------------+     |
   |              |    | +------------+  | Web Portal |     |
   | +----------+ |    | | AAA Server +--+            +--+  |
   | | Internal | |    | +-----+------+  | PCP Client |  |  |
   | | Host     | |    |       |         +-----#------+  |  |
   | +----+-----+ |    |       |               #         |  |
   |      |       |    | +-----+---+     +-----#------+  |  |
   | +----+-----+ |    | |         |     | PCP Server |  |  |
   | |  CPE     | |    | |  BRAS   |     |            |  |  |
   | |          +-+======+         +=====+ CGN L2NAT  +--+---- Public
   | +----------+ |    | +---------+     +------------+     |  Internet
   +--------------+    +------------------------------------+
   ==== L2 tunnel(s) between subscriber, BRAS, and CGN
   #### PCP communication

                       Figure 3: Carrier Web Portal

   The PCP IWF is realized as a combination of a web server and a PCP
   Client.

3.3.  Other Use Cases

   Despite the fact that above scenarios solely use tunnel IDs the
   THIRD_PARTY_ID can include any Layer-2 identifier like a MAC address
   or other subscriber identifiers as mentioned in section 6 of
   [I-D.boucadair-pcp-sfc-classifier-control].

   The THIRD_PARTY_ID can also be used for the firewall control,
   including the case of a virtual CPE, see section 3 of
   [I-D.lee-vhs-usecases].

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4.  Format

   The THIRD_PARTY_ID option is formatted as shown in Figure 4.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Option Code   |  Reserved     |      Option Length            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                               |
   |                      THIRD_PARTY_ID                           |
   |                                                               |
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                      Figure 4: THIRD_PARTY_ID Option

   o  Option Name: THIRD_PARTY_ID

   o  Number: TBD

   o  Purpose: Identifies a third party for which a request for an
      external IP address and port is made.

   o  Valid for opcodes: MAP, PEER, and all other for which the
      THIRD_PARTY option is valid for.

   o  Length: Variable.

   o  MAY appear in: request.  MUST appear in response if it appeared in
      the associated request.

   o  Maximum occurrences: 1

   The fields are as follows:

   o  THIRD_PARTY_ID: A deployment specific identifier that can be used
      to identify a subscriber's session on a PCP-controlled device.
      The THIRD_PARTY_ID is not bound to any specific identifier.  The
      Option Length is variable and specifies the length of the
      THIRD_PARTY_ID field in octets as described in Section 7.3 of
      [RFC6887].

   The identifier field can contain any deployment specific value the
   PCP client and the PCP server agree on.  How this agreement is
   reached if both PCP server and client are not administered by the
   same entity is beyond the scope of this document.  The option number
   is in the mandatory-to-process range (0-127), meaning that a request

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   with a THIRD_PARTY_ID option is processed by the PCP server if and
   only if the THIRD_PARTY_ID option is supported by the PCP server.

4.1.  Result Codes

   The following PCP Result Codes are new:

   THIRD_PARTY_ID_UNKNOWN:  The provided identifier in a THIRD_PARTY_ID
      option is unknown/unavailable to the PCP server.  This is a long
      lifetime error.

   THIRD_PARTY_MISSING_OPTION:  This error occurs if both THIRD_PARTY
      and THIRD_PARTY_ID options are expected in a request but one
      option is missing.  This is a long lifetime error.

   UNSUPP_THIRD_PARTY_ID_LENGTH:  The received option length is not
      supported.  This is a long lifetime error.

5.  Behavior

   The following sections describe the operations of a PCP client and a
   PCP server when generating the request and processing the request and
   response.

5.1.  Generating a Request

   In addition to generating a PCP request that is described in
   [RFC6887] the following has to be applied.  The THIRD_PARTY_ID option
   MAY be included either in a PCP MAP or PEER opcode.  It MAY be used
   alone or in combination with the THIRD_PARTY option which provides an
   IP address.  The THIRD_PARTY_ID option holds an identifier to allow
   the PCP-controlled device to uniquely identify the internal host
   (specified in the THIRD_PARTY option) for which the port mapping is
   to be established or modified.  The padding rules described in
   Section 7.3 of [RFC6887] apply.

5.2.  Processing a Request

   The THIRD_PARTY_ID option is in the mandatory-to-process range and if
   the PCP server does not support this option it MUST return an
   UNSUPP_OPTION response.  If the provided identifier in a
   THIRD_PARTY_ID option is unknown/unavailable the PCP server MUST
   return a THIRD_PARTY_ID_UNKNOWN response.  If the PCP server receives
   a request with a not supported THIRD_PARTY_ID option length, it MUST
   return a UNSUPP_THIRD_PARTY_ID_LENGTH response.  If the PCP server
   expects both THIRD_PARTY and THIRD_PARTY_ID options but receives only
   one option, it MUST return a THIRD_PARTY_MISSING_OPTION response.

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   Upon receiving a valid request with a legal THIRD_PARTY_ID option
   identifier the message is processed as specified in [RFC6887], except
   that the THIRD_PARTY_ID option identifier used in addition when
   accessing a mapping table.

5.3.  Processing a Response

   In addition to the response processing described in [RFC6887] if the
   PCP client receives a THIRD_PARTY_ID_UNKNOWN or a
   UNSUPP_THIRD_PARTY_ID_LENGTH or a THIRD_PARTY_MISSING_OPTION response
   back for its previous request it SHOULD report an error.  To where to
   report an error is implementation dependent.

6.  IANA Considerations

   The following PCP Option Code is to be allocated in the mandatory-to-
   process range:

   o  THIRD_PARTY_ID

   [NOTE for IANA: Please allocate a PCP Option Code at
   http://www.iana.org/assignments/pcp-parameters/pcp-
   parameters.xml#option-rules]

   The following PCP Result Codes are to be allocated:

   o  THIRD_PARTY_ID_UNKNOWN

   o  THIRD_PARTY_MISSING_OPTION

   o  UNSUPP_THIRD_PARTY_ID_LENGTH

   [NOTE for IANA: Please allocate PCP Result Codes at
   http://www.iana.org/assignments/pcp-parameters/pcp-
   parameters.xml#result-codes]

7.  Security Considerations

   As this option is related to the use of the THIRD_PARTY option the
   corresponding security considerations in Section 18.1.1 of RFC 6887
   [RFC6887] apply.  Especially, the network on which the PCP messages
   are sent must be fully trusted.  The THIRD_PARTY_ID option might
   carry privacy information like location or profile information.
   Means to protect unauthorized access to this information should be
   put in place.

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8.  Acknowledgments

   Thanks to Mohamed Boucadair, Dave Thaler, Tom Taylor, and Dan Wing
   for their comments and review.

   Thanks to Mohamed Boucadair for many references and suggesting a
   variable length for the THIRD_PARTY_ID.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC1918]  Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
              E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets", BCP
              5, RFC 1918, February 1996.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC6598]  Weil, J., Kuarsingh, V., Donley, C., Liljenstolpe, C., and
              M. Azinger, "IANA-Reserved IPv4 Prefix for Shared Address
              Space", BCP 153, RFC 6598, April 2012.

   [RFC6887]  Wing, D., Cheshire, S., Boucadair, M., Penno, R., and P.
              Selkirk, "Port Control Protocol (PCP)", RFC 6887, April
              2013.

9.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.boucadair-pcp-sfc-classifier-control]
              Boucadair, M., "PCP as a Traffic Classifier Control
              Protocol", draft-boucadair-pcp-sfc-classifier-control-01
              (work in progress), October 2014.

   [I-D.lee-vhs-usecases]
              Lee, Y. and C. Xie, "Virtual Home Services Use Cases",
              draft-lee-vhs-usecases-02 (work in progress), November
              2014.

   [RFC6619]  Arkko, J., Eggert, L., and M. Townsley, "Scalable
              Operation of Address Translators with Per-Interface
              Bindings", RFC 6619, June 2012.

   [RFC6674]  Brockners, F., Gundavelli, S., Speicher, S., and D. Ward,
              "Gateway-Initiated Dual-Stack Lite Deployment", RFC 6674,
              July 2012.

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   [RFC6970]  Boucadair, M., Penno, R., and D. Wing, "Universal Plug and
              Play (UPnP) Internet Gateway Device - Port Control
              Protocol Interworking Function (IGD-PCP IWF)", RFC 6970,
              July 2013.

Authors' Addresses

   Andreas Ripke
   NEC
   Heidelberg
   Germany

   Email: ripke@neclab.eu

   Rolf Winter
   NEC
   Heidelberg
   Germany

   Email: winter@neclab.eu

   Thomas Dietz
   NEC
   Heidelberg
   Germany

   Email: dietz@neclab.eu

   Juergen Quittek
   NEC
   Heidelberg
   Germany

   Email: quittek@neclab.eu

   Rafael Lopez da Silva
   Telefonica I+D
   Madrid
   Spain

   Email: ralds@tid.es

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