A Framework for Automating Service and Network Management with YANG
draft-ietf-opsawg-model-automation-framework-09
The information below is for an old version of the document.
| Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8969.
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Qin Wu , Mohamed Boucadair , Diego Lopez , Chongfeng Xie , Liang Geng | ||
| Last updated | 2020-10-23 | ||
| Replaces | draft-wu-model-driven-management-virtualization | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Formats | |||
| Reviews |
TSVART Last Call review
(of
-06)
by Tommy Pauly
Ready w/issues
|
||
| Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
| Stream | WG state | Submitted to IESG for Publication | |
| Document shepherd | Adrian Farrel | ||
| Shepherd write-up | Show Last changed 2020-06-16 | ||
| IESG | IESG state | Became RFC 8969 (Informational) | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Yes | ||
| Telechat date | (None) | ||
| Responsible AD | Robert Wilton | ||
| Send notices to | Adrian Farrel <adrian@olddog.co.uk> | ||
| IANA | IANA review state | IANA OK - No Actions Needed |
draft-ietf-opsawg-model-automation-framework-09
[I-D.ietf-spring-sr-yang]
Litkowski, S., Qu, Y., Lindem, A., Sarkar, P., and J.
Tantsura, "YANG Data Model for Segment Routing", draft-
ietf-spring-sr-yang-22 (work in progress), August 2020.
[I-D.ietf-teas-actn-pm-telemetry-autonomics]
Lee, Y., Dhody, D., Karunanithi, S., Vilata, R., King, D.,
and D. Ceccarelli, "YANG models for VN/TE Performance
Monitoring Telemetry and Scaling Intent Autonomics",
draft-ietf-teas-actn-pm-telemetry-autonomics-03 (work in
progress), July 2020.
[I-D.ietf-teas-actn-vn-yang]
Lee, Y., Dhody, D., Ceccarelli, D., Bryskin, I., and B.
Yoon, "A YANG Data Model for VN Operation", draft-ietf-
teas-actn-vn-yang-09 (work in progress), July 2020.
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-path-computation]
Busi, I., Belotti, S., Lopez, V., Sharma, A., and Y. Shi,
"Yang model for requesting Path Computation", draft-ietf-
teas-yang-path-computation-10 (work in progress), July
2020.
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-rsvp-te]
Beeram, V., Saad, T., Gandhi, R., Liu, X., Bryskin, I.,
and H. Shah, "A YANG Data Model for RSVP-TE Protocol",
draft-ietf-teas-yang-rsvp-te-08 (work in progress), March
2020.
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te]
Saad, T., Gandhi, R., Liu, X., Beeram, V., and I. Bryskin,
"A YANG Data Model for Traffic Engineering Tunnels, Label
Switched Paths and Interfaces", draft-ietf-teas-yang-te-25
(work in progress), July 2020.
[I-D.ietf-trill-yang-oam]
Kumar, D., Senevirathne, T., Finn, N., Salam, S., Xia, L.,
and H. Weiguo, "YANG Data Model for TRILL Operations,
Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)", draft-ietf-trill-
yang-oam-05 (work in progress), March 2017.
[I-D.ogondio-opsawg-uni-topology]
Dios, O., barguil, s., WU, Q., and M. Boucadair, "A YANG
Model for User-Network Interface (UNI) Topologies", draft-
ogondio-opsawg-uni-topology-01 (work in progress), April
2020.
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[I-D.www-opsawg-yang-vpn-service-pm]
Bo, W., WU, Q., Boucadair, M., Dios, O., Wen, B., Liu, C.,
and H. Xu, "A YANG Model for Network and VPN Service
Performance Monitoring", draft-www-opsawg-yang-vpn-
service-pm-01 (work in progress), July 2020.
[I-D.wwx-netmod-event-yang]
Bierman, A., WU, Q., Bryskin, I., Birkholz, H., Liu, X.,
and B. Claise, "A YANG Data model for ECA Policy
Management", draft-wwx-netmod-event-yang-09 (work in
progress), July 2020.
[IPPM] IANA, "Performance Metrics", March 2020,
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/performance-metrics/
performance-metrics.xhtml>.
[RFC4176] El Mghazli, Y., Ed., Nadeau, T., Boucadair, M., Chan, K.,
and A. Gonguet, "Framework for Layer 3 Virtual Private
Networks (L3VPN) Operations and Management", RFC 4176,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4176, October 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4176>.
[RFC4364] Rosen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, DOI 10.17487/RFC4364, February
2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4364>.
[RFC4664] Andersson, L., Ed. and E. Rosen, Ed., "Framework for Layer
2 Virtual Private Networks (L2VPNs)", RFC 4664,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4664, September 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4664>.
[RFC4761] Kompella, K., Ed. and Y. Rekhter, Ed., "Virtual Private
LAN Service (VPLS) Using BGP for Auto-Discovery and
Signaling", RFC 4761, DOI 10.17487/RFC4761, January 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4761>.
[RFC4762] Lasserre, M., Ed. and V. Kompella, Ed., "Virtual Private
LAN Service (VPLS) Using Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
Signaling", RFC 4762, DOI 10.17487/RFC4762, January 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4762>.
[RFC5136] Chimento, P. and J. Ishac, "Defining Network Capacity",
RFC 5136, DOI 10.17487/RFC5136, February 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5136>.
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[RFC5486] Malas, D., Ed. and D. Meyer, Ed., "Session Peering for
Multimedia Interconnect (SPEERMINT) Terminology",
RFC 5486, DOI 10.17487/RFC5486, March 2009,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5486>.
[RFC5880] Katz, D. and D. Ward, "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
(BFD)", RFC 5880, DOI 10.17487/RFC5880, June 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5880>.
[RFC6406] Malas, D., Ed. and J. Livingood, Ed., "Session PEERing for
Multimedia INTerconnect (SPEERMINT) Architecture",
RFC 6406, DOI 10.17487/RFC6406, November 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6406>.
[RFC7149] Boucadair, M. and C. Jacquenet, "Software-Defined
Networking: A Perspective from within a Service Provider
Environment", RFC 7149, DOI 10.17487/RFC7149, March 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7149>.
[RFC7224] Bjorklund, M., "IANA Interface Type YANG Module",
RFC 7224, DOI 10.17487/RFC7224, May 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7224>.
[RFC7276] Mizrahi, T., Sprecher, N., Bellagamba, E., and Y.
Weingarten, "An Overview of Operations, Administration,
and Maintenance (OAM) Tools", RFC 7276,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7276, June 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7276>.
[RFC7297] Boucadair, M., Jacquenet, C., and N. Wang, "IP
Connectivity Provisioning Profile (CPP)", RFC 7297,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7297, July 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7297>.
[RFC7317] Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "A YANG Data Model for
System Management", RFC 7317, DOI 10.17487/RFC7317, August
2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7317>.
[RFC7455] Senevirathne, T., Finn, N., Salam, S., Kumar, D., Eastlake
3rd, D., Aldrin, S., and Y. Li, "Transparent
Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Fault
Management", RFC 7455, DOI 10.17487/RFC7455, March 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7455>.
[RFC7665] Halpern, J., Ed. and C. Pignataro, Ed., "Service Function
Chaining (SFC) Architecture", RFC 7665,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7665, October 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7665>.
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[RFC7679] Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M., and A. Morton,
Ed., "A One-Way Delay Metric for IP Performance Metrics
(IPPM)", STD 81, RFC 7679, DOI 10.17487/RFC7679, January
2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7679>.
[RFC7680] Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M., and A. Morton,
Ed., "A One-Way Loss Metric for IP Performance Metrics
(IPPM)", STD 82, RFC 7680, DOI 10.17487/RFC7680, January
2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7680>.
[RFC8077] Martini, L., Ed. and G. Heron, Ed., "Pseudowire Setup and
Maintenance Using the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)",
STD 84, RFC 8077, DOI 10.17487/RFC8077, February 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8077>.
[RFC8194] Schoenwaelder, J. and V. Bajpai, "A YANG Data Model for
LMAP Measurement Agents", RFC 8194, DOI 10.17487/RFC8194,
August 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8194>.
[RFC8199] Bogdanovic, D., Claise, B., and C. Moberg, "YANG Module
Classification", RFC 8199, DOI 10.17487/RFC8199, July
2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8199>.
[RFC8299] Wu, Q., Ed., Litkowski, S., Tomotaki, L., and K. Ogaki,
"YANG Data Model for L3VPN Service Delivery", RFC 8299,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8299, January 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8299>.
[RFC8309] Wu, Q., Liu, W., and A. Farrel, "Service Models
Explained", RFC 8309, DOI 10.17487/RFC8309, January 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8309>.
[RFC8342] Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K.,
and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore Architecture
(NMDA)", RFC 8342, DOI 10.17487/RFC8342, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8342>.
[RFC8343] Bjorklund, M., "A YANG Data Model for Interface
Management", RFC 8343, DOI 10.17487/RFC8343, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8343>.
[RFC8345] Clemm, A., Medved, J., Varga, R., Bahadur, N.,
Ananthakrishnan, H., and X. Liu, "A YANG Data Model for
Network Topologies", RFC 8345, DOI 10.17487/RFC8345, March
2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8345>.
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[RFC8346] Clemm, A., Medved, J., Varga, R., Liu, X.,
Ananthakrishnan, H., and N. Bahadur, "A YANG Data Model
for Layer 3 Topologies", RFC 8346, DOI 10.17487/RFC8346,
March 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8346>.
[RFC8348] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., Dong, J., and D. Romascanu, "A
YANG Data Model for Hardware Management", RFC 8348,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8348, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8348>.
[RFC8349] Lhotka, L., Lindem, A., and Y. Qu, "A YANG Data Model for
Routing Management (NMDA Version)", RFC 8349,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8349, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8349>.
[RFC8466] Wen, B., Fioccola, G., Ed., Xie, C., and L. Jalil, "A YANG
Data Model for Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN)
Service Delivery", RFC 8466, DOI 10.17487/RFC8466, October
2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8466>.
[RFC8512] Boucadair, M., Ed., Sivakumar, S., Jacquenet, C.,
Vinapamula, S., and Q. Wu, "A YANG Module for Network
Address Translation (NAT) and Network Prefix Translation
(NPT)", RFC 8512, DOI 10.17487/RFC8512, January 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8512>.
[RFC8513] Boucadair, M., Jacquenet, C., and S. Sivakumar, "A YANG
Data Model for Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite)", RFC 8513,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8513, January 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8513>.
[RFC8519] Jethanandani, M., Agarwal, S., Huang, L., and D. Blair,
"YANG Data Model for Network Access Control Lists (ACLs)",
RFC 8519, DOI 10.17487/RFC8519, March 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8519>.
[RFC8525] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Watsen, K.,
and R. Wilton, "YANG Library", RFC 8525,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8525, March 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8525>.
[RFC8528] Bjorklund, M. and L. Lhotka, "YANG Schema Mount",
RFC 8528, DOI 10.17487/RFC8528, March 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8528>.
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[RFC8529] Berger, L., Hopps, C., Lindem, A., Bogdanovic, D., and X.
Liu, "YANG Data Model for Network Instances", RFC 8529,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8529, March 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8529>.
[RFC8530] Berger, L., Hopps, C., Lindem, A., Bogdanovic, D., and X.
Liu, "YANG Model for Logical Network Elements", RFC 8530,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8530, March 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8530>.
[RFC8531] Kumar, D., Wu, Q., and Z. Wang, "Generic YANG Data Model
for Connection-Oriented Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance (OAM) Protocols", RFC 8531,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8531, April 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8531>.
[RFC8532] Kumar, D., Wang, Z., Wu, Q., Ed., Rahman, R., and S.
Raghavan, "Generic YANG Data Model for the Management of
Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)
Protocols That Use Connectionless Communications",
RFC 8532, DOI 10.17487/RFC8532, April 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8532>.
[RFC8533] Kumar, D., Wang, M., Wu, Q., Ed., Rahman, R., and S.
Raghavan, "A YANG Data Model for Retrieval Methods for the
Management of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
(OAM) Protocols That Use Connectionless Communications",
RFC 8533, DOI 10.17487/RFC8533, April 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8533>.
[RFC8632] Vallin, S. and M. Bjorklund, "A YANG Data Model for Alarm
Management", RFC 8632, DOI 10.17487/RFC8632, September
2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8632>.
[RFC8641] Clemm, A. and E. Voit, "Subscription to YANG Notifications
for Datastore Updates", RFC 8641, DOI 10.17487/RFC8641,
September 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8641>.
[RFC8652] Liu, X., Guo, F., Sivakumar, M., McAllister, P., and A.
Peter, "A YANG Data Model for the Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener
Discovery (MLD)", RFC 8652, DOI 10.17487/RFC8652, November
2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8652>.
[RFC8675] Boucadair, M., Farrer, I., and R. Asati, "A YANG Data
Model for Tunnel Interface Types", RFC 8675,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8675, November 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8675>.
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[RFC8676] Farrer, I., Ed. and M. Boucadair, Ed., "YANG Modules for
IPv4-in-IPv6 Address plus Port (A+P) Softwires", RFC 8676,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8676, November 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8676>.
[RFC8783] Boucadair, M., Ed. and T. Reddy.K, Ed., "Distributed
Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Data
Channel Specification", RFC 8783, DOI 10.17487/RFC8783,
May 2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8783>.
[RFC8791] Bierman, A., Bjoerklund, M., and K. Watsen, "YANG Data
Structure Extensions", RFC 8791, DOI 10.17487/RFC8791,
June 2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8791>.
[RFC8795] Liu, X., Bryskin, I., Beeram, V., Saad, T., Shah, H., and
O. Gonzalez de Dios, "YANG Data Model for Traffic
Engineering (TE) Topologies", RFC 8795,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8795, August 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8795>.
Appendix A. Layered YANG Modules Examples Overview
This appendix lists a set of YANG data models that can be used for
the delivery of connectivity services. These models can be
classified as service, network, or device models.
It is not the intent of this appendix to provide an inventory of
tools and mechanisms used in specific network and service management
domains; such inventory can be found in documents such as [RFC7276].
The reader may refer to the YANG Catalog
(<https://www.yangcatalog.org>) or the public Github YANG repository
(<https://github.com/YangModels/yang>) to query existing YANG models.
The YANG Catalog includes some metadata to indicate the module type
('module-classification') [I-D.clacla-netmod-model-catalog]. Note
that the mechanism defined in [I-D.ietf-netmod-module-tags] allows to
associate tags with YANG modules in order to help classifying the
modules.
A.1. Service Models: Definition and Samples
As described in [RFC8309], the service is "some form of connectivity
between customer sites and the Internet and/or between customer sites
across the network operator's network and across the Internet". More
concretely, an IP connectivity service can be defined as the IP
transfer capability characterized by a (Source Nets, Destination
Nets, Guarantees, Scope) tuple where "Source Nets" is a group of
unicast IP addresses, "Destination Nets" is a group of IP unicast
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and/or multicast addresses, and "Guarantees" reflects the guarantees
(expressed in terms of QoS, performance, and availability, for
example) to properly forward traffic to the said "Destination"
[RFC7297].
For example:
o The L3SM [RFC8299] defines the L3VPN service ordered by a customer
from a network operator.
o The L2SM [RFC8466] defines the L2VPN service ordered by a customer
from a network operator.
o The Virtual Network (VN) model [I-D.ietf-teas-actn-vn-yang]
provides a YANG data model applicable to any mode of VN operation.
L2SM and L3SM are customer service models as per [RFC8309].
A.2. Schema Mount
Modularity and extensibility were among the leading design principles
of the YANG data modeling language. As a result, the same YANG
module can be combined with various sets of other modules and thus
form a data model that is tailored to meet the requirements of a
specific use case. [RFC8528] defines a mechanism, denoted schema
mount, that allows for mounting one data model consisting of any
number of YANG modules at a specified location of another (parent)
schema.
A.3. Network Models: Samples
L2NM [I-D.ietf-opsawg-l2nm] and L3NM [I-D.ietf-opsawg-l3sm-l3nm] are
examples of YANG network models.
Figure 9 depicts a set of additional network models such as topology
and tunnel models:
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+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Topology YANG modules | Tunnel YANG modules |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| +------------------+ | |
| |Network Topologies| | +------+ +-----------+ |
| | Model | | |Other | | TE Tunnel | |
| +--------+---------+ | |Tunnel| +----+------+ |
| | +---------+ | +------+ | |
| +---+Service | | +----------+---------+ |
| | |Topology | | | | | |
| | +---------+ | | | | |
| | +---------+ |+----+---+ +----+---+ +---+---+|
| +---+Layer 3 | ||MPLS-TE | |RSVP-TE | | SR-TE ||
| | |Topology | || Tunnel | | Tunnel | |Tunnel ||
| | +---------+ |+--------+ +--------+ +-------+|
| | +---------+ | |
| +---+TE | | |
| | |Topology | | |
| | +---------+ | |
| | +---------+ | |
| +---+Layer 3 | | |
| |Topology | | |
| +---------+ | |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
Figure 9: Sample Resource Facing Network Models
Examples of topology YANG modules are listed below:
o Network Topologies Model: [RFC8345] defines a base model for
network topology and inventories. Network topology data include
link, node, and terminate-point resources.
o TE Topology Model: [RFC8795] defines a YANG data model for
representing and manipulating TE topologies.
This module is extended from network topology model defined in
[RFC8345] with TE topologies related content. This model contains
technology-agnostic TE Topology building blocks that can be
augmented and used by other technology-specific TE topology
models.
o Layer 3 Topology Model:
[RFC8346] defines a YANG data model for representing and
manipulating Layer 3 topologies. This model is extended from the
network topology model defined in [RFC8345] with Layer 3
topologies specifics.
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o Layer 2 Topology Model:
[I-D.ietf-i2rs-yang-l2-network-topology] defines a YANG data model
for representing and manipulating Layer 2 topologies. This model
is extended from the network topology model defined in [RFC8345]
with Layer 2 topology specifics.
Examples of tunnel YANG modules are provided below:
o Tunnel identities: [RFC8675] defines a collection of YANG
identities used as interface types for tunnel interfaces.
o TE Tunnel Model:
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te] defines a YANG module for the
configuration and management of TE interfaces, tunnels, and LSPs.
o Segment Routing (SR) Traffic Engineering (TE) Tunnel Model:
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te] augments the TE generic and MPLS-TE
model(s) and defines a YANG module for SR-TE specific data.
o MPLS-TE Model:
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te] augments the TE generic and MPLS-TE
model(s) and defines a YANG module for MPLS-TE configurations,
state, RPC and notifications.
o RSVP-TE MPLS Model:
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-rsvp-te] augments the RSVP-TE generic module
with parameters to configure and manage signaling of MPLS RSVP-TE
LSPs.
Other sample network models are listed hereafter:
o Path Computation API Model:
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-path-computation] YANG module for a stateless
RPC which complements the stateful solution defined in
[I-D.ietf-teas-yang-te].
o OAM Models (including Fault Management (FM) and Performance
Monitoring):
[RFC8532] defines a base YANG module for the management of OAM
protocols that use Connectionless Communications. [RFC8533]
defines a retrieval method YANG module for connectionless OAM
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protocols. [RFC8531] defines a base YANG module for connection
oriented OAM protocols. These three models are intended to
provide consistent reporting, configuration, and representation
for connection-less OAM and Connection oriented OAM separately.
Alarm monitoring is a fundamental part of monitoring the network.
Raw alarms from devices do not always tell the status of the
network services or necessarily point to the root cause.
[RFC8632] defines a YANG module for alarm management.
A.4. Device Models: Samples
Network Element models (listed in Figure 10) are used to describe how
a service can be implemented by activating and tweaking a set of
functions (enabled in one or multiple devices, or hosted in cloud
infrastructures) that are involved in the service delivery. For
example, the L3VPN service will involve many PEs and require
manipulating the following modules:
o Routing management [RFC8349]
o BGP [I-D.ietf-idr-bgp-model]
o PIM [I-D.ietf-pim-yang]
o NAT management [RFC8512]
o QoS management [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-qos-model]
o ACLs [RFC8519]
Figure 10 uses IETF-defined data models as an example.
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+------------------------+
+-+ Device Model |
| +------------------------+
| +------------------------+
+---------------+ | | Logical Network |
| | +-+ Element Model |
| Architecture | | +------------------------+
| | | +------------------------+
+-------+-------+ +-+ Network Instance Model |
| | +------------------------+
| | +------------------------+
| +-+ Routing Type Model |
| +------------------------+
+-------+----------+----+------+------------+-----------+------+
| | | | | | |
+-+-+ +---+---+ +----+----+ +--+--+ +----+----+ +--+--+ |
|ACL| |Routing| |Transport| | OAM | |Multicast| | PM | Others
+---+ +-+-----+ +----+----+ +--+--+ +-----+---+ +--+--+
| +-------+ | +------+ | +--------+ | +-----+ | +-----+
+-+Core | +-+ MPLS | +-+ BFD | +-+IGMP | +-+TWAMP|
| |Routing| | | Base | | +--------+ | |/MLD | | +-----+
| +-------+ | +------+ | +--------+ | +-----+ | +-----+
| +-------+ | +------+ +-+LSP Ping| | +-----+ +-+OWAMP|
+-+ BGP | +-+ MPLS | | +--------+ +-+ PIM | | +-----+
| +-------+ | | LDP | | +--------+ | +-----+ | +-----+
| +-------+ | +------+ +-+MPLS-TP | | +-----+ +-+LMAP |
+-+ ISIS | | +------+ +--------+ +-+ MVPN| +-----+
| +-------+ +-+ MPLS | +-----+
| +-------+ |Static|
+-+ OSPF | +------+
| +-------+
| +-------+
+-+ RIP |
| +-------+
| +-------+
+-+ VRRP |
| +-------+
| +-------+
+-+SR/SRv6|
| +-------+
| +-------+
+-+ISIS-SR|
| +-------+
| +-------+
+-+OSPF-SR|
+-------+
Figure 10: Network Element Modules Overview
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A.4.1. Model Composition
o Logical Network Element Model
[RFC8530] defines a logical network element module which can be
used to manage the logical resource partitioning that may be
present on a network device. Examples of common industry terms
for logical resource partitioning are Logical Systems or Logical
Routers.
o Network Instance Model
[RFC8529] defines a network instance module. This module can be
used to manage the virtual resource partitioning that may be
present on a network device. Examples of common industry terms
for virtual resource partitioning are VRF instances and Virtual
Switch Instances (VSIs).
A.4.2. Device Management
The following list enumerates some YANG modules that can be used for
device management:
o [RFC8348]: defines a YANG module for the management of hardware.
o [RFC7317]: defines the "ietf-system" YANG module that provides
many features such as the configuration and the monitoring of
system or system control operations (e.g., shutdown, restart,
setting time) identification.
o [RFC8341]: defines a network configuration access control YANG
module.
A.4.3. Interface Management
The following provides some YANG modules that can be used for
interface management:
o [RFC7224]: defines a YANG module for interface type definitions.
o [RFC8343]: defines a YANG module for the management of network
interfaces.
A.4.4. Some Device Model Examples
The following provides an overview of some device models that can be
used within a network. This list is not comprehensive.
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L2VPN: [I-D.ietf-bess-l2vpn-yang] defines a YANG module for MPLS
based Layer 2 VPN services (L2VPN) [RFC4664] and includes
switching between the local attachment circuits. The
L2VPN model covers point-to-point VPWS and Multipoint VPLS
services. These services use signaling of Pseudowires
across MPLS networks using LDP [RFC8077][RFC4762] or BGP
[RFC4761].
EVPN: [I-D.ietf-bess-evpn-yang] defines a YANG module for
Ethernet VPN services. The model is agnostic of the
underlay. It applies to MPLS as well as to VxLAN
encapsulation. The module is also agnostic to the
services, including E-LAN, E-LINE, and E-TREE services.
L3VPN: [I-D.ietf-bess-l3vpn-yang] defines a YANG module that can
be used to configure and manage BGP L3VPNs [RFC4364]. It
contains VRF specific parameters as well as BGP specific
parameters applicable for L3VPNs.
Core Routing: [RFC8349] defines the core routing YANG data model,
which is intended as a basis for future data model
development covering more-sophisticated routing systems.
It is expected that other Routing technology YANG modules
(e.g., VRRP, RIP, ISIS, OSPF models) will augment the Core
Routing base YANG module.
MPLS: [I-D.ietf-mpls-base-yang] defines a base model for MPLS
which serves as a base framework for configuring and
managing an MPLS switching subsystem. It is expected that
other MPLS technology YANG modules (e.g., MPLS LSP Static,
LDP, or RSVP-TE models) will augment the MPLS base YANG
module.
BGP: [I-D.ietf-idr-bgp-model] defines a YANG module for
configuring and managing BGP, including protocol, policy,
and operational aspects based on data center, carrier, and
content provider operational requirements.
Routing Policy: [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-policy-model] defines a YANG module
for configuring and managing routing policies based on
operational practice. The module provides a generic
policy framework which can be augmented with protocol-
specific policy configuration.
SR/SRv6: [I-D.ietf-spring-sr-yang] a YANG module for segment
routing configuration and operation.
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BFD: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) [RFC5880] is a
network protocol which is used for liveness detection of
arbitrary paths between systems. [I-D.ietf-bfd-yang]
defines a YANG module that can be used to configure and
manage BFD.
Multicast: [I-D.ietf-pim-yang] defines a YANG module that can be used
to configure and manage Protocol Independent Multicast
(PIM) devices.
[RFC8652] defines a YANG module that can be used to
configure and manage Internet Group Management Protocol
(IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) devices.
[I-D.ietf-pim-igmp-mld-snooping-yang] defines a YANG
module that can be used to configure and manage Internet
Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener
Discovery (MLD) Snooping devices.
[I-D.ietf-bess-mvpn-yang] defines a YANG data model to
configure and manage Multicast in MPLS/BGP IP VPNs
(MVPNs).
PM: [I-D.ietf-ippm-twamp-yang] defines a YANG data model for
client and server implementations of the Two-Way Active
Measurement Protocol (TWAMP).
[I-D.ietf-ippm-stamp-yang] defines the data model for
implementations of Session-Sender and Session-Reflector
for Simple Two-way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP)
mode using YANG.
[RFC8194] defines a YANG data model for Large-Scale
Measurement Platforms (LMAPs).
ACL: Access Control List (ACL) is one of the basic elements
used to configure device forwarding behavior. It is used
in many networking technologies such as Policy Based
Routing, firewalls, etc. [RFC8519] describes a YANG data
model of ACL basic building blocks.
QoS: [I-D.ietf-rtgwg-qos-model] describes a YANG module of
Differentiated Services for configuration and operations.
NAT: For the sake of network automation and the need for
programming Network Address Translation (NAT) function in
particular, a YANG data model for configuring and managing
the NAT is essential.
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[RFC8512] defines a YANG module for the NAT function
covering a variety of NAT flavors such as Network Address
Translation from IPv4 to IPv4 (NAT44), Network Address and
Protocol Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers
(NAT64), customer-side translator (CLAT), Stateless IP/
ICMP Translation (SIIT), Explicit Address Mappings (EAM)
for SIIT, IPv6-to-IPv6 Network Prefix Translation (NPTv6),
and Destination NAT.
[RFC8513] specifies a DS-Lite YANG module.
Stateless Address Sharing: [RFC8676] specifies a YANG module for A+P
address sharing, including Lightweight 4over6, Mapping of
Address and Port with Encapsulation (MAP-E), and Mapping
of Address and Port using Translation (MAP-T) softwire
mechanisms.
Authors' Addresses
Qin Wu (editor)
Huawei
101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012
China
Email: bill.wu@huawei.com
Mohamed Boucadair (editor)
Orange
Rennes 35000
France
Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com
Diego R. Lopez
Telefonica I+D
Spain
Email: diego.r.lopez@telefonica.com
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Chongfeng Xie
China Telecom
Beijing
China
Email: xiechf@chinatelecom.cn
Liang Geng
China Mobile
Email: gengliang@chinamobile.com
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