CBOR/JSON binding of IODEF
draft-ietf-mile-jsoniodef-09
The information below is for an old version of the document.
| Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8727.
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Takeshi Takahashi , Roman Danyliw , Mio Suzuki | ||
| Last updated | 2019-07-11 (Latest revision 2019-07-08) | ||
| Replaces | draft-takahashi-mile-jsoniodef | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Formats | |||
| Reviews |
GENART Last Call review
by Robert Sparks
Almost ready
|
||
| Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
| Stream | WG state | Submitted to IESG for Publication | |
| Document shepherd | Nancy Cam-Winget | ||
| Shepherd write-up | Show Last changed 2019-04-08 | ||
| IESG | IESG state | Became RFC 8727 (Proposed Standard) | |
| Consensus boilerplate | Yes | ||
| Telechat date | (None) | ||
| Responsible AD | Alexey Melnikov | ||
| Send notices to | Nancy Cam-Winget <ncamwing@cisco.com> | ||
| IANA | IANA review state | IANA - Review Needed |
draft-ietf-mile-jsoniodef-09
MILE T. Takahashi
Internet-Draft NICT
Intended status: Standards Track R. Danyliw
Expires: January 9, 2020 CERT
M. Suzuki
NICT
July 8, 2019
CBOR/JSON binding of IODEF
draft-ietf-mile-jsoniodef-09
Abstract
The Incident Object Description Exchange Format defined in RFC 7970
provides an information model and a corresponding XML data model for
exchanging incident and indicator information. This draft gives
implementers and operators an alternative format to exchange the same
information by defining an alternative data model implementation in
CBOR/JSON.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on January 9, 2020.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
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to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. IODEF Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Abstract Data Type to JSON Data Type Mapping . . . . . . 3
2.2. Complex JSON Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.1. Integer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.2. Multilingual Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.3. Enum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.4. Software and Software Reference . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.5. Structured Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.6. EXTENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. IODEF JSON Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1. Classes and Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2. Mapping between CBOR/JSON and XML IODEF . . . . . . . . . 17
4. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.1. Minimal Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.2. Indicators from a Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5. The IODEF Data Model (CDDL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
8. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Appendix A. Data Types used in this document . . . . . . . . . . 42
Appendix B. The IODEF Data Model (JSON Schema) . . . . . . . . . 42
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
1. Introduction
The Incident Object Description Exchange Format (IODEF) [RFC7970]
defines a data representation for security incident reports and
indicators commonly exchanged by operational security teams. It
facilitates the automated exchange of this information to enable
mitigation and watch-and-warning. Section 3 of [RFC7970] defined an
information model using Unified Modeling Language (UML) and a
corresponding Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema data model in
Section 8. This UML-based information model and XML-based data model
are referred to as IODEF UML and IODEF XML, respectively in this
document.
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IODEF documents are structured and thus suitable for machine
processing. They will streamline incident response operations.
Another well-used and structured format that is suitable for machine
processing is JSON. To facilitate the automation of incident
response operations, IODEF documents should support JSON
representation.
This document defines an alternate implementation of the IODEF UML
information model by specifying a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
data model using CDDL [RFC8610] and JSON Schema [jsonschema]. This
JSON data model is referred to as IODEF JSON in this document. IODEF
JSON provides all of the expressivity of IODEF XML. It gives
implementers and operators an alternative format to exchange the same
information.
The normative IODEF JSON data model is found in Section 5. Section 2
and Section 3 describe the data types and elements of this data
model. Section 4 provides examples.
1.1. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
2. IODEF Data Types
The abstract IODEF JSON implements the abstract data types specified
in Section 2 of [RFC7970].
2.1. Abstract Data Type to JSON Data Type Mapping
IODEF JSON uses native and derived JSON data types. Figure 1
describes the mapping between the abstract data types in Section 2 of
[RFC7970] and their corresponding implementations in IODEF JSON.
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+-----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+
| IODEF Data Type | [RFC7970] | JSON Data Type |
| | Reference | |
+-----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+
| INTEGER | Section 2.1 | integer, see Section 2.2.1 |
| REAL | Section 2.2 | "number" per [RFC8259] |
| CHARACTER | Section 2.3 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| STRING | Section 2.3 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| ML_STRING | Section 2.4 | see Section 2.2.2 |
| BYTE | Section 2.5.1 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| BYTE[] | Section 2.5.1 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| HEXBIN | Section 2.5.2 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| HEXBIN[] | Section 2.5.2 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| ENUM | Section 2.6 | see Section 2.2.3 |
| DATETIME | Section 2.7 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| TIMEZONE | Section 2.8 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| PORTLIST | Section 2.9 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| POSTAL | Section 2.10 | ML_STRING, Section 2.2.2 |
| PHONE | Section 2.11 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| EMAIL | Section 2.12 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| URL | Section 2.13 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| ID | Section 2.14 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| IDREF | Section 2.14 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| SOFTWARE | Section 2.15 | see Section 2.2.4 |
| STRUCTUREDINFO | [RFC 7203] | see Section 2.2.5 |
| EXTENSION | Section 2.16 | see Section 2.2.6 |
+-----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+
Figure 1: JSON Data Types
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+-----------------+------------------+---------------------------------+
| IODEF Data Type | CBOR Data Type | CDDL prelude |
| | | [RFC8610] |
+-----------------+------------------+---------------------------------+
| INTEGER | 0, 1, 6 tag 2, | integer |
| | 6 tag 3 | |
| REAL | 7 bits 26 | float32 |
| CHARACTER | 3 | text |
| STRING | 3 | text |
| ML_STRING | 5 | Maps/Structs (Section 3.5.1) |
| BYTE | 6 tag 22 | eb64legacy |
| BYTE[] | 6 tag 22 | eb64legacy |
| HEXBIN | 2 | bytes |
| HEXBIN[] | 2 | bytes |
| ENUM | - | Choices (Section 2.2.2) |
| DATETIME | 6 tag 0 | tdate |
| TIMEZONE | 3 | text |
| PORTLIST | 3 | text |
| POSTAL | 3 | ML_STRING (Section 2.2.1) |
| PHONE | 3 | text |
| EMAIL | 3 | text |
| URL | 6 tag 32 | uri |
| ID | 3 | text |
| IDREF | 3 | text |
| SOFTWARE | 5 | Maps/Structs (Section 3.5.1) |
| STRUCTUREDINFO | 5 | Maps/Structs (Section 3.5.1) |
| EXTENSION | 5 | Maps/Structs (Section 3.5.1) |
+-----------------+------------------+---------------------------------+
Figure 2: CBOR Data Types
2.2. Complex JSON Types
2.2.1. Integer
An integer is a subset of "number" type of JSON, which represents
signed digits encoded in Base 10. The definition of this integer is
"[ minus ] int" in [RFC7159] Section 6 manner.
2.2.2. Multilingual Strings
A string that needs to be represented in a human-readable language
different from the default encoding of the document is represented in
the information model by the ML_STRING data type. This data type is
implemented as either an object with "value", "lang", and
"translation-id" elements or a text string as defined in Section 5.
Examples are shown below.
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"MLStringType": {
"value": "free-form text", //STRING
"lang": "en", //ENUM
"translation-id": "jp2en0023" //STRING
}
2.2.3. Enum
Enum is an ordered list of acceptable string values. Each value has
a representative keyword. Within the data model, the enumerated type
keywords are used as attribute values.
2.2.4. Software and Software Reference
A particular version of software is represented in the information
model by the SOFTWARE data type. This software can be described by
using a reference, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) [RFC3986], or
with free-form text. The SOFTWARE data type is implemented as an
object with "SoftwareReference", "URL", and "Description" elements as
defined in Section 5. Examples are shown below.
"SoftwareType": {
"SoftwareReference": {...}, //SoftwareReference
"Description": ["MS Windows"] //STRING
}
SoftwareReference class is a reference to a particular version of
software. Examples are shown below.
"SoftwareReference": {
"value": "cpe:/a:google:chrome:59.0.3071.115", //STRING
"spec-name": "cpe", //ENUM
"dtype": "string" //ENUM
}
2.2.5. Structured Information
Information provided in a form of structured string, such as ID, or
structured information, such as XML documents, is represented in the
information model by the STRUCTUREDINFO data type. Note that this
type was originally specified in [RFC7203]. The STRUCTUREDINFO data
type is implemented as an object with "SpecID", "ext-SpecID",
"ContentID", "RawData", "Reference" elements. An example for
embedding a structured ID is shown below.
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"StructuredInfo": {
"SpecID": "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:mile:cwe:3.3", //ENUM
"ContentID": "CWE-89" //STRING
}
When embedding the raw data, base64 encoding defined in Section 4 of
[RFC4648] should be used for encoding the data, as shown below.
"StructuredInfo": {
"SpecID": "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:mile:mmdef:1.2", //ENUM
"RawData": "<<<strings encoded with base64>>>" //BYTE
}
2.2.6. EXTENSION
Information not otherwise represented in the IODEF can be added using
the EXTENSION data type. This data type is a generic extension
mechanism. The EXTENSION data type is implemented as an
ExtensionType object with "value", "name", "dtype", "ext-dtype",
"meaning", "formatid", "restriction", "ext-restriction", and
"observable-id" elements. An example for embedding a structured ID
is shown below.
"ExtensionType": {
"value": "xxxxxxx", //STRING
"name": "Syslog", //STRING
"dtype": "string", //ENUM
"meaning": "Syslog from the security appliance X" //STRING
}
3. IODEF JSON Data Model
3.1. Classes and Elements
The following table shows the list of IODEF Classes, their elements,
and the corresponding section in [RFC7970]. Note that the complete
JSON schema is defined in Section 5 using CDDL.
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IODEF Class | Class | Corresponding |
| | Elements and | Section |
| | Attribute | in [RFC7970] |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IODEF-Document | version | 3.1 |
| | lang? | |
| | format-id? | |
| | private-enum-name? | |
| | private-enum-id? | |
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| | Incident+ | |
| | AdditionalData* | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Incident | purpose | 3.2 |
| | ext-purpose? | |
| | status? | |
| | ext-status? | |
| | lang? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | IncidentID | |
| | AlternativeID? | |
| | RelatedActivity* | |
| | DetectTime? | |
| | StartTime? | |
| | EndTime? | |
| | RecoveryTime? | |
| | ReportTime? | |
| | GenerationTime | |
| | Description* | |
| | Discovery* | |
| | Assessment* | |
| | Method* | |
| | Contact+ | |
| | EventData* | |
| | Indicator* | |
| | History? | |
| | AdditionalData* | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IncidentID | id | 3.4 |
| | name | |
| | instance? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| AlternativeID | restriction? | 3.5 |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | IncidentID+ | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| RelatedActivity | restriction? | 3.6 |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | IncidentID* | |
| | URL* | |
| | ThreatActor* | |
| | Campaign* | |
| | IndicatorID* | |
| | Confidence? | |
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| | Description* | |
| | AdditionalData* | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| ThreatActor | restriction? | 3.7 |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | ThreatActorID* | |
| | URL* | |
| | Description* | |
| | AdditionalData* | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Campaign | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | CampaignID* | |
| | URL* | |
| | Description* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.8 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Contact | role | |
| | ext-role? | |
| | type | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | ContactName*, | |
| | ContactTitle* | |
| | Description* | |
| | RegistryHandle* | |
| | PostalAddress* | |
| | Email* | |
| | Telephone* | |
| | Timezone? | |
| | Contact* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.9 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| RegistryHandle | handle | |
| | registry | |
| | ext-registry? | 3.9.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| PostalAddress | type? | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | PAddress | |
| | Description* | 3.9.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Email | type? | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | EmailTo | |
| | Description* | 3.9.3 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
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| Telephone | type? | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | TelephoneNumber | |
| | Description* | 3.9.4 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Discovery | source? | |
| | ext-source? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | Description* | |
| | Contact* | |
| | DetectionPattern* | 3.10 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| DetectionPattern | restriction? | 3.10.1 |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | Application | |
| | Description* | |
| | DetectionConfiguration* | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Method | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | Reference* | |
| | Description* | |
| | AttackPattern* | |
| | Vulnerability* | |
| | Weakness* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.11 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Reference | observable-id? | |
| | ReferenceName? | |
| | URL* | |
| | Description* | 3.11.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Assessment | occurence? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | IncidentCategory* | |
| | SystemImpact* | |
| | BusinessImpact* | |
| | TimeImpact* | |
| | MonetaryImpact* | |
| | IntendedImpact* | |
| | Counter* | |
| | MitigatingFactor* | |
| | Cause* | |
| | Confidence? | |
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| | AdditionalData* | 3.12 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| SystemImpact | severity? | |
| | completion? | |
| | type | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | Description* | 3.12.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| BusinessImpact | severity? | |
| | ext-severity? | |
| | type | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | Description* | 3.12.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| TimeImpact | value | |
| | severity? | |
| | metric | |
| | ext-metric? | |
| | duration? | |
| | ext-duration? | 3.12.3 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| MonetaryImpact | value | |
| | severity? | |
| | currency? | 3.12.4 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Confidence | value | |
| | rating | |
| | ext-rating? | 3.12.5 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| History | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | HistoryItem+ | 3.13 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| HistoryItem | action | |
| | ext-action? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | DateTime | |
| | IncidentID? | |
| | Contact? | |
| | Description* | |
| | DefinedCOA* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.13.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| EventData | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
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| | Description* | |
| | DetectTime? | |
| | StartTime? | |
| | EndTime? | |
| | RecoveryTime? | |
| | ReportTime? | |
| | Contact* | |
| | Discovery* | |
| | Assessment? | |
| | Method* | |
| | System* | |
| | Expectation* | |
| | RecordData* | |
| | EventData* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.14 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Expectation | action? | |
| | ext-action? | |
| | severity? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | Description* | |
| | DefinedCOA* | |
| | StartTime? | |
| | EndTime? | |
| | Contact? | 3.15 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| System | category? | |
| | ext-category? | |
| | interface? | |
| | spoofed? | |
| | virtual? | |
| | ownership? | |
| | ext-ownership? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | Node | |
| | NodeRole* | |
| | Service* | |
| | OperatingSystem* | |
| | Counter* | |
| | AssetID* | |
| | Description* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.17 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Node | DomainData* | |
| | Address* | |
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| | PostalAddress? | |
| | Location* | |
| | Counter* | 3.18 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Address | value | |
| | category | |
| | ext-category? | |
| | vlan-name? | |
| | vlan-num? | |
| | observable-id? | 3.18.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| NodeRole | category | |
| | ext-category? | |
| | Description* | 3.18.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Counter | value | |
| | type | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | unit | |
| | ext-unit? | |
| | meaning? | |
| | duration? | |
| | ext-duration? | 3.18.3 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| DomainData | system-status | |
| | ext-system-status? | |
| | domain-status | |
| | ext-domain-status? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | Name | |
| | DateDomainWasChecked?| |
| | RegistrationDate? | |
| | ExpirationDate? | |
| | RelatedDNS* | |
| | Nameservers* | |
| | DomainContacts? | 3.19 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Nameserver | Server | |
| | Address* | 3.19.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| DomainContacts | SameDomainContact? | |
| | Contact+ | 3.19.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Service | ip-protocol? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | ServiceName? | |
| | Port? | |
| | Portlist? | |
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| | ProtoCode? | |
| | ProtoType? | |
| | ProtoField? | |
| | ApplicationHeaderField*| |
| | EmailData? | |
| | Application? | 3.20 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| ServiceName | IANAService? | |
| | URL* | |
| | Description* | 3.20.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| EmailData | observable-id? | |
| | EmailTo* | |
| | EmailFrom? | |
| | EmailSubject? | |
| | EmailX-Mailer? | |
| | EmailHeaderField* | |
| | EmailHeaders? | |
| | EmailBody? | |
| | EmailMessage? | |
| | HashData* | |
| | Signature* | 3.21 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| RecordData | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | DateTime? | |
| | Description* | |
| | Application? | |
| | RecordPattern* | |
| | RecordItem* | |
| | URL* | |
| | FileData* | |
| | WindowsRegistryKeysModified*| |
| | CertificateData* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.22.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| RecordPattern | type | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | offset? | |
| | offsetunit? | |
| | ext-offsetunit? | |
| | instance? | |
| | value | 3.22.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| WindowsRegistryKeysModified | observable-id? | 3.23 |
| | Key+ | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
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| Key | registryaction? | |
| | ext-registryaction?| |
| | observable-id? | |
| | KeyName | |
| | KeyValue? | 3.23.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| CertificateData | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | Certificate+ | 3.24 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Certificate | observable-id? | |
| | X509Data | |
| | Description* | 3.24.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| FileData | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | File+ | 3.25 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| File | observable-id? | |
| | FileName? | |
| | FileSize? | |
| | FileType? | |
| | URL* | |
| | HashData? | |
| | Signature* | |
| | AssociatedSoftware?| |
| | FileProperties* | 3.25.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| HashData | scope | |
| | HashTargetID? | |
| | Hash* | |
| | FuzzyHash* | 3.26 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Hash | DigestMethod | |
| | DigestValue | |
| | CanonicalizationMethod?| |
| | Application? | 3.26.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| FuzzyHash | FuzzyHashValue+ | |
| | Application? | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.26.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Indicator | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | IndicatorID | |
| | AlternativeIndicatorID*| |
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| | Description* | |
| | StartTime? | |
| | EndTime? | |
| | Confidence? | |
| | Contact* | |
| | Observable? | |
| | uid-ref? | |
| | IndicatorExpression?| |
| | IndicatorReference?| |
| | NodeRole* | |
| | AttackPhase* | |
| | Reference* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IndicatorID | id | |
| | name | |
| | version | 3.29.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| AlternativeIndicatorID | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | IndicatorID+ | 3.29.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Observable | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | System? | |
| | Address? | |
| | DomainData? | |
| | Service? | |
| | EmailData? | |
| | WindowsRegistryKeysModified?| |
| | FileData? | |
| | CertificateData? | |
| | RegistryHandle? | |
| | RecordData? | |
| | EventData? | |
| | Incident? | |
| | Expectation? | |
| | Reference? | |
| | Assessment? | |
| | DetectionPattern? | |
| | HistoryItem? | |
| | BulkObservable? | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29.3 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| BulkObservable | type? | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | BulkObservableFormat?| |
| | BulkObservableList | |
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| | AdditionalData* | 3.29.4 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| BulkObservableFormat | Hash? | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29.5 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IndicatorExpression | operator? | |
| | ext-operator? | |
| | IndicatorExpression*| |
| | Observable* | |
| | uid-ref* | |
| | IndicatorReference*| |
| | Confidence? | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29.6 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IndicatorReference | uid-ref? | |
| | euid-ref? | |
| | version? | 3.29.7 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| AttackPhase | AttackPhaseID* | |
| | URL* | |
| | Description* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29.8 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
Figure 3: IODEF Classes
3.2. Mapping between CBOR/JSON and XML IODEF
o This document treats attributes and elements of each class defined
in [RFC7970] with no distinction and is agnostic on the order of
their appearances.
o Flow class is deleted, and classes with its instances now directly
have instances of EventData class that used to belong to the Flow
class.
o ApplicationHeader class is deleted, and classes with its instances
now directly have instances of ApplicationHeaderField class that
used to belong to the ApplicationHeader class.
o SignatureData class is deleted, and classes with its instances now
directly have instance of Signature class that used to belong to
the SignatureData class.
o IndicatorData class is deleted, and classes with its instances now
directly have the instances of Indicator class that used to belong
to the IndicatorData class.
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o ObservableReference class is deleted, and classes with its
instances now directly have uid-ref as an element.
o Record class is replaced by RecordData class, and RecordData class
is renamed to Record class.
o Record class is deleted, and classes with its instances now
directly have the instances of RecordData class that used to
belong to the Record class.
o The MLStringType were modified to support simple string by
allowing the type to have not only a predefined object type but
also text type, in order to allow simple descriptions of elements
of the type.
o The elements of ML_STRING type in XML IODEF document are presented
as either STRING type or ML_STRING type in CBOR/JSON IODEF
document.
o Data models of the extension classes defined by [RFC7203] and
referenced by [RFC7970] are represented by StructuredInfo class
defined in this document.
o Signature, X509Data, and RawData are encoded with base64 and are
represented as string (BYTE type) in CBOR/JSON IODEF documents.
o EmailBody represents an whole message body including MIME
structure in the same manner defined in [RFC7970]. In case of an
email composed of MIME multipart, the EmailBody contains multiple
body parts separated by boundary strings.
4. Examples
This section provides examples of IODEF documents. These examples do
not represent the full capabilities of the data model or the only way
to encode particular information.
4.1. Minimal Example
A document containing only the mandatory elements and attributes is
shown below in JSON and CBOR, respectively.
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{
"version": "2.0",
"lang": "en",
"Incident": [{
"purpose": "reporting",
"restriction": "private",
"IncidentID": {
"id": "492382",
"name": "csirt.example.com"
},
"GenerationTime": "2015-07-18T09:00:00-05:00",
"Contact": [{
"type": "organization",
"role": "creator",
"Email": [{"EmailTo": "contact@csirt.example.com"}]
}]
}]
}
Figure 4: A Minimal Example in JSON
A3 # map(3)
67 # text(7)
76657273696F6E # "version"
63 # text(3)
322E30 # "2.0"
64 # text(4)
6C616E67 # "lang"
62 # text(2)
656E # "en"
68 # text(8)
496E636964656E74 # "Incident"
81 # array(1)
A5 # map(5)
67 # text(7)
707572706F7365 # "purpose"
69 # text(9)
7265706F7274696E67 # "reporting"
6B # text(11)
7265737472696374696F6E # "restriction"
67 # text(7)
70726976617465 # "private"
6A # text(10)
496E636964656E744944 # "IncidentID"
A2 # map(2)
62 # text(2)
6964 # "id"
66 # text(6)
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343932333832 # "492382"
64 # text(4)
6E616D65 # "name"
71 # text(17)
63736972742E6578616D706C652E636F6D # "csirt.example.com"
6E # text(14)
47656E65726174696F6E54696D65 # "GenerationTime"
C0 # tag(0)
78 19 # text(25)
323031352D30372D31385430393A30303A30302D30353A3030
# "2015-07-18T09:00:00-05:00"
67 # text(7)
436F6E74616374 # "Contact"
81 # array(1)
A3 # map(3)
64 # text(4)
74797065 # "type"
6C # text(12)
6F7267616E697A6174696F6E # "organization"
64 # text(4)
726F6C65 # "role"
67 # text(7)
63726561746F72 # "creator"
65 # text(5)
456D61696C # "Email"
81 # array(1)
A1 # map(1)
67 # text(7)
456D61696C546F # "EmailTo"
78 19 # text(25)
636F6E746163744063736972742E6578616D706C652E636F6D
# "contact@csirt.example.com"
Figure 5: A Minimal Example in CBOR
4.2. Indicators from a Campaign
An example of C2 domains from a given campaign is shown below in JSON
and CBOR, respectively.
{
"version": "2.0",
"lang": "en",
"Incident": [{
"purpose": "watch",
"restriction": "green",
"IncidentID": {
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"id": "897923",
"name": "csirt.example.com"
},
"RelatedActivity": [{
"ThreatActor": [{
"ThreatActorID": ["TA-12-AGGRESSIVE-BUTTERFLY"],
"Description": ["Aggressive Butterfly"]}],
"Campaign": [{
"CampaignID": ["C-2015-59405"],
"Description": ["Orange Giraffe"]
}]
}],
"GenerationTime": "2015-10-02T11:18:00-05:00",
"Description": ["Summarizes the Indicators of Compromise for the
Orange Giraffe campaign of the Aggressive Butterfly crime gang."],
"Assessment": [{
"Impact": [{"BusinessImpact": {"type": "breach-proprietary"}}]
}],
"Contact": [{
"type": "organization",
"role": "creator",
"ContactName": ["CSIRT for example.com"],
"Email": [{
"EmailTo": "contact@csirt.example.com"
}]
}],
"Indicator": [{
"IndicatorID": {
"id": "G90823490",
"name": "csirt.example.com",
"version": "1"
},
"Description": ["C2 domains"],
"StartTime": "2014-12-02T11:18:00-05:00",
"Observable": {
"BulkObservable": {
"type": "ipv6-addr",
"BulkObservableList": "kj290023j09r34.example.com"}
}
}]
}]
}
Figure 6: Indicators from a Campaign in JSON
A3 # map(3)
67 # text(7)
76657273696F6E # "version"
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63 # text(3)
322E30 # "2.0"
64 # text(4)
6C616E67 # "lang"
62 # text(2)
656E # "en"
68 # text(8)
496E636964656E74 # "Incident"
81 # array(1)
A9 # map(9)
67 # text(7)
707572706F7365 # "purpose"
65 # text(5)
7761746368 # "watch"
6B # text(11)
7265737472696374696F6E # "restriction"
65 # text(5)
677265656E # "green"
6A # text(10)
496E636964656E744944 # "IncidentID"
A2 # map(2)
62 # text(2)
6964 # "id"
66 # text(6)
383937393233 # "897923"
64 # text(4)
6E616D65 # "name"
71 # text(17)
63736972742E6578616D706C652E636F6D # "csirt.example.com"
6F # text(15)
52656C617465644163746976697479 # "RelatedActivity"
81 # array(1)
A2 # map(2)
6B # text(11)
5468726561744163746F72 # "ThreatActor"
81 # array(1)
A2 # map(2)
6D # text(13)
5468726561744163746F724944 # "ThreatActorID"
81 # array(1)
78 1A # text(26)
54412D31322D414747524553534956452D425554544552464
C59 # "TA-12-AGGRESSIVE-BUTTERFLY"
6B # text(11)
4465736372697074696F6E # "Description"
81 # array(1)
74 # text(20)
4167677265737369766520427574746572666C79
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# "Aggressive Butterfly"
68 # text(8)
43616D706169676E # "Campaign"
81 # array(1)
A2 # map(2)
6A # text(10)
43616D706169676E4944 # "CampaignID"
81 # array(1)
6C # text(12)
432D323031352D3539343035 # "C-2015-59405"
6B # text(11)
4465736372697074696F6E # "Description"
81 # array(1)
6E # text(14)
4F72616E67652047697261666665 # "Orange Giraffe"
6E # text(14)
47656E65726174696F6E54696D65 # "GenerationTime"
C0 # tag(0)
78 19 # text(25)
323031352D31302D30325431313A31383A30302D30353A3030
# "2015-10-02T11:18:00-05:00"
6B # text(11)
4465736372697074696F6E # "Description"
81 # array(1)
78 6F # text(111)
53756D6D6172697A65732074686520496E64696361746F7273206F6620436
F6D70726F6D69736520666F7220746865204F72616E676520476972616666
652063616D706169676E206F6620746865204167677265737369766520427
574746572666C79206372696D652067616E672E
# "Summarizes the Indicators of Compromise for the Orange
Giraffe campaign of the Aggressive Butterfly crime gang."
6A # text(10)
4173736573736D656E74 # "Assessment"
81 # array(1)
A1 # map(1)
66 # text(6)
496D70616374 # "Impact"
81 # array(1)
A1 # map(1)
6E # text(14)
427573696E657373496D70616374 # "BusinessImpact"
A1 # map(1)
64 # text(4)
74797065 # "type"
72 # text(18)
6272656163682D70726F7072696574617279
# "breach-proprietary"
67 # text(7)
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436F6E74616374 # "Contact"
81 # array(1)
A4 # map(4)
64 # text(4)
74797065 # "type"
6C # text(12)
6F7267616E697A6174696F6E # "organization"
64 # text(4)
726F6C65 # "role"
67 # text(7)
63726561746F72 # "creator"
6B # text(11)
436F6E746163744E616D65 # "ContactName"
81 # array(1)
75 # text(21)
435349525420666F72206578616D706C652E636F6D
# "CSIRT for example.com"
65 # text(5)
456D61696C # "Email"
81 # array(1)
A1 # map(1)
67 # text(7)
456D61696C546F # "EmailTo"
78 19 # text(25)
636F6E746163744063736972742E6578616D706C652E636F6D
# "contact@csirt.example.com"
69 # text(9)
496E64696361746F72 # "Indicator"
81 # array(1)
A4 # map(4)
6B # text(11)
496E64696361746F724944 # "IndicatorID"
A3 # map(3)
62 # text(2)
6964 # "id"
69 # text(9)
473930383233343930 # "G90823490"
64 # text(4)
6E616D65 # "name"
71 # text(17)
63736972742E6578616D706C652E636F6D
# "csirt.example.com"
67 # text(7)
76657273696F6E # "version"
61 # text(1)
31 # "1"
6B # text(11)
4465736372697074696F6E # "Description"
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81 # array(1)
6A # text(10)
433220646F6D61696E73 # "C2 domains"
69 # text(9)
537461727454696D65 # "StartTime"
C0 # tag(0)
78 19 # text(25)
323031342D31322D30325431313A31383A30302D30353A3030
# "2014-12-02T11:18:00-05:00"
6A # text(10)
4F627365727661626C65 # "Observable"
A1 # map(1)
6E # text(14)
42756C6B4F627365727661626C65 # "BulkObservable"
A2 # map(2)
64 # text(4)
74797065 # "type"
69 # text(9)
697076362D61646472 # "ipv6-addr"
72 # text(18)
42756C6B4F627365727661626C654C697374
# "BulkObservableList"
78 1A # text(26)
6B6A3239303032336A30397233342E6578616D706C652E636F6D
# "kj290023j09r34.example.com"
Figure 7: Indicators from a Campaign in CBOR
5. The IODEF Data Model (CDDL)
start = iodef
;;; iodef.json: IODEF-Document
iodef = {
version: text
? lang: lang
? format-id: text
? private-enum-name: text
? private-enum-id: text
Incident: [+ Incident]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
duration = "second" / "minute" / "hour" / "day" / "month" / "quarter" /
"year" / "ext-value"
lang = "" / text .regexp "[a-zA-Z]{1,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*"
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restriction = "public" / "partner" / "need-to-know" / "private" /
"default" / "white" / "green" / "amber" / "red" /
"ext-value"
SpecID = "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:mile:mmdef:1.2" / "private"
IDtype = text .regexp "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_.-]*"
IDREFType = IDtype
URLtype = uri
TimeZonetype = text .regexp "Z|[\+\-](0[0-9]|1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9]"
PortlistType = text .regexp "\\d+(\\-\\d+)?(,\\d+(\\-\\d+)?)*"
action = "nothing" / "contact-source-site" / "contact-target-site" /
"contact-sender" / "investigate" / "block-host" /
"block-network" / "block-port" / "rate-limit-host" /
"rate-limit-network" / "rate-limit-port" / "redirect-traffic" /
"honeypot" / "upgrade-software" / "rebuild-asset" /
"harden-asset" / "remediate-other" / "status-triage" /
"status-new-info" / "watch-and-report" / "training" /
"defined-coa" / "other" / "ext-value"
DATETIME = tdate
BYTE = eb64legacy
MLStringType = {
value: text
? lang: lang
? translation-id: text
} / text
PositiveFloatType = float32 .gt 0
PAddressType = MLStringType
ExtensionType = {
value: text
? name: text
dtype: "boolean" / "byte" / "bytes" / "character" / "date-time" /
"ntpstamp" / "integer" / "portlist" / "real" / "string" /
"file" / "path" / "frame" / "packet" / "ipv4-packet" / "json"/
"ipv6-packet" / "url" / "csv" / "winreg" / "xml" / "ext-value"
.default "string"
? ext-dtype: text
? meaning: text
? formatid: text
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
}
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SoftwareType = {
? SoftwareReference: SoftwareReference
? URL: [+ URLtype]
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
}
SoftwareReference = {
? value: text
spec-name: "custom" / "cpe" / "swid" / "ext-value"
? ext-spec-name: text
? dtype: "bytes" / "integer" / "real" / "string" / "xml" / "ext-value"
.default "string"
? ext-dtype: text
}
Incident = {
purpose: "traceback" / "mitigation" / "reporting" / "watch" / "other" /
"ext-value"
? ext-purpose: text
? status: "new" / "in-progress"/ "forwarded" / "resolved" / "future" /
"ext-value"
? ext-status: text
? lang: lang
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
IncidentID: IncidentID
? AlternativeID: AlternativeID
? RelatedActivity: [+ RelatedActivity]
? DetectTime: DATETIME
? StartTime: DATETIME
? EndTime: DATETIME
? RecoveryTime: DATETIME
? ReportTime: DATETIME
GenerationTime: DATETIME
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? Discovery: [+ Discovery]
? Assessment: [+ Assessment]
? Method: [+ Method]
Contact: [+ Contact]
? EventData: [+ EventData]
? Indicator: [+ Indicator]
? History: History
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
IncidentID = {
id: text
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name: text
? instance: text
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
}
AlternativeID = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
IncidentID: [+ IncidentID]
}
RelatedActivity = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? IncidentID: [+ IncidentID]
? URL: [+ URLtype]
? ThreatActor: [+ ThreatActor]
? Campaign: [+ Campaign]
? IndicatorID: [+ IndicatorID]
? Confidence: Confidence
? Description: [+ text]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
ThreatActor = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? ThreatActorID: [+ text]
? URL: [+ URLtype]
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
Campaign = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? CampaignID: [+ text]
? URL: [+ URLtype]
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
Contact = {
role: "creator" / "reporter" / "admin" / "tech" / "provider" / "user" /
"billing" / "legal" / "irt" / "abuse" / "cc" / "cc-irt" / "leo" /
"vendor" / "vendor-support" / "victim" / "victim-notified" /
"ext-value"
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? ext-role: text
type: "person" / "organization" / "ext-value"
? ext-type: text
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? ContactName: [+ MLStringType]
? ContactTitle: [+ MLStringType]
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? RegistryHandle: [+ RegistryHandle]
? PostalAddress: [+ PostalAddress]
? Email: [+ Email]
? Telephone: [+ Telephone]
? Timezone: TimeZonetype
? Contact: [+ Contact]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
RegistryHandle = {
handle: text
registry: "internic" / "apnic" / "arin" / "lacnic" / "ripe" /
"afrinic" / "local" / "ext-value"
? ext-registry: text
}
PostalAddress = {
? type: "street" / "mailing" / "ext-value"
? ext-type: text
PAddress: PAddressType
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
}
Email = {
? type: "direct" / "hotline" / "ext-value"
? ext-type: text
EmailTo: text
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
}
Telephone = {
? type: "wired" / "mobile" / "fax" / "hotline" / "ext-value"
? ext-type: text
TelephoneNumber: text
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
}
Discovery = {
? source: "nidps" / "hips" / "siem" / "av" / "third-party-monitoring" /
"incident" / "os-log" / "application-log" / "device-log" /
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"network-flow" / "passive-dns" / "investigation" / "audit" /
"internal-notification" / "external-notification" /
"leo" / "partner" / "actor" / "unknown" / "ext-value"
? ext-source: text
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? Contact: [+ Contact]
? DetectionPattern: [+ DetectionPattern]
}
DetectionPattern = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
(Description: [+ MLStringType] // DetectionConfiguration: [+ text])
Application: SoftwareType
}
Method = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? Reference: [+ Reference]
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? AttackPattern: [+ StructuredInfo]
? Vulnerability: [+ StructuredInfo]
? Weakness: [+ StructuredInfo]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
StructuredInfo = {
SpecID: SpecID
? ext-SpecID: text
? ContentID: text
? (RawData: [+ BYTE] // Reference:[+ Reference])
? Platform:[+ Platform]
? Scoring:[+ Scoring]
}
Platform = {
SpecID: SpecID
? ext-SpecID: text
? ContentID: text
? RawData: [+ BYTE]
? Reference: [+ Reference]
}
Scoring = {
SpecID: SpecID
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? ext-SpecID: text
? ContentID: text
? RawData: [+ BYTE]
? Reference: [+ Reference]
}
Reference = {
? observable-id: IDtype
? ReferenceName: ReferenceName
? URL: [+ URLtype]
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
}
ReferenceName = {
specIndex: integer
ID: IDtype
}
Assessment = {
? occurrence: "actual" / "potential"
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
? IncidentCategory: [+ MLStringType]
Impact: [+ {SystemImpact: SystemImpact} /
{BusinessImpact: BusinessImpact} / {TimeImpact: TimeImpact} /
{MonetaryImpact: MonetaryImpact} /
{IntendedImpact: BusinessImpact}]
? Counter: [+ Counter]
? MitigatingFactor: [+ MLStringType]
? Cause: [+ MLStringType]
? Confidence: Confidence
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
SystemImpact = {
? severity: "low" / "medium" / "high"
? completion: "failed" / "succeeded"
type: "takeover-account" / "takeover-service" / "takeover-system" /
"cps-manipulation" / "cps-damage" / "availability-data" /
"availability-account" / "availability-service" /
"availability-system" / "damaged-system" / "damaged-data" /
"breach-proprietary" / "breach-privacy" / "breach-credential" /
"breach-configuration" / "integrity-data" /
"integrity-configuration" / "integrity-hardware" /
"traffic-redirection" / "monitoring-traffic" / "monitoring-host"/
"policy" / "unknown" / "ext-value" .default "unknown"
? ext-type: text
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
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}
BusinessImpact = {
? severity:"none" / "low" / "medium" / "high" / "unknown" / "ext-value"
.default "unknown"
? ext-severity: text
type: "breach-proprietary" / "breach-privacy" / "breach-credential" /
"loss-of-integrity" / "loss-of-service" / "theft-financial" /
"theft-service" / "degraded-reputation" / "asset-damage" /
"asset-manipulation" / "legal" / "extortion" / "unknown" /
"ext-value" .default "unknown"
? ext-type: text
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
}
TimeImpact = {
value: PositiveFloatType
? severity: "low" / "medium" / "high"
metric: "labor" / "elapsed" / "downtime" / "ext-value"
? ext-metric: text
? duration: duration .default "hour"
? ext-duration: text
}
MonetaryImpact = {
value: PositiveFloatType
? severity: "low" / "medium" / "high"
? currency: text
}
Confidence = {
value: float32
rating: "low" / "medium" / "high" / "numeric" / "unknown" / "ext-value"
? ext-rating: text
}
History = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
HistoryItem: [+ HistoryItem]
}
HistoryItem = {
action: action .default "other"
? ext-action: text
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
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DateTime: DATETIME
? IncidentID: IncidentID
? Contact: Contact
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? DefinedCOA: [+ text]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
EventData = {
? restriction: restriction .default "default"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? DetectTime: DATETIME
? StartTime: DATETIME
? EndTime: DATETIME
? RecoveryTime: DATETIME
? ReportTime: DATETIME
? Contact: [+ Contact]
? Discovery: [+ Discovery]
? Assessment: Assessment
? Method: [+ Method]
? System: [+ System]
? Expectation: [+ Expectation]
? RecordData: [+ RecordData]
? EventData: [+ EventData]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
Expectation = {
? action: action .default "other"
? ext-action: text
? severity: "low" / "medium" / "high"
? restriction: restriction .default "default"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? DefinedCOA: [+ text]
? StartTime: DATETIME
? EndTime: DATETIME
? Contact: Contact
}
System = {
? category: "source" / "target" / "intermediate" / "sensor" /
"infrastructure" / "ext-value"
? ext-category: text
? interface: text
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? spoofed: "unknown" / "yes" / "no" .default "unknown"
? virtual: "yes" / "no" / "unknown" .default "unknown"
? ownership: "organization" / "personal" / "partner" / "customer" /
"no-relationship" / "unknown" / "ext-value"
? ext-ownership: text
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
Node: Node
? NodeRole: [+ NodeRole]
? Service: [+ Service]
? OperatingSystem: [+ SoftwareType]
? Counter: [+ Counter]
? AssetID: [+ text]
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
Node = {
(DomainData:[+ DomainData]
? Address:[+ Address] //
? DomainData:[+ DomainData]
Address:[+ Address])
? PostalAddress: PostalAddress
? Location: [+ MLStringType]
? Counter: [+ Counter]
}
Address = {
value: text
category: "asn" / "atm" / "e-mail" / "ipv4-addr" / "ipv4-net" /
"ipv4-net-masked" / "ipv4-net-mask" / "ipv6-addr" /
"ipv6-net" / "ipv6-net-masked" / "mac" / "site-uri" /
"ext-value" .default "ipv6-addr"
? ext-category: text
? vlan-name: text
? vlan-num: integer
? observable-id: IDtype
}
NodeRole = {
category: "client" / "client-enterprise" / "client-partner" /
"client-remote" / "client-kiosk" / "client-mobile" /
"server-internal" / "server-public" / "www" / "mail" /
"webmail" / "messaging" / "streaming" / "voice" / "file" /
"ftp" / "p2p" / "name" / "directory" / "credential" /
"print" / "application" / "database" / "backup" / "dhcp" /
"assessment" / "source-control" / "config-management" /
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"monitoring" / "infra" / "infra-firewall" / "infra-router" /
"infra-switch" / "camera" / "proxy" / "remote-access" /
"log" / "virtualization" / "pos" / "scada" /
"scada-supervisory" / "sinkhole" / "honeypot" /
"anomyzation" / "c2-server" / "malware-distribution" /
"drop-server" / "hop-point" / "reflector" /
"phishing-site" / "spear-phishing-site" / "recruiting-site" /
"fraudulent-site" / "ext-value"
? ext-category: text
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
}
Counter = {
value: float32
type: "count" / "peak" / "average" / "ext-value"
? ext-type: text
unit: "byte" / "mbit" / "packet" / "flow" / "session" / "alert" /
"message" / "event" / "host" / "site" / "organization" /
"ext-value"
? ext-unit: text
? meaning: text
? duration: duration .default "hour"
? ext-duration: text
}
DomainData = {
system-status: "spoofed" / "fraudulent" / "innocent-hacked" /
"innocent-hijacked" / "unknown" / "ext-value"
? ext-system-status: text
domain-status: "reservedDelegation" / "assignedAndActive" /
"assignedAndInactive" / "assignedAndOnHold" /
"revoked" / "transferPending" / "registryLock" /
"registrarLock" / "other" / "unknown" / "ext-value"
? ext-domain-status: text
? observable-id: IDtype
Name: text
? DateDomainWasChecked: DATETIME
? RegistrationDate: DATETIME
? ExpirationDate: DATETIME
? RelatedDNS: [+ ExtensionType]
? NameServers: [+ NameServers]
? DomainContacts: DomainContacts
}
NameServers = {
Server: text
Address: [+ Address]
}
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DomainContacts = {
(SameDomainContact: text // Contact: [+ Contact])
}
Service = {
? ip-protocol: integer
? observable-id: IDtype
? ServiceName: ServiceName
? Port: integer
? Portlist: PortlistType
? ProtoCode: integer
? ProtoType: integer
? ProtoField: integer
? ApplicationHeaderField: [+ ExtensionType]
? EmailData: EmailData
? Application: SoftwareType
}
ServiceName = {
? IANAService: text
? URL: [+ URLtype]
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
}
EmailData = {
? observable-id: IDtype
? EmailTo: [+ text]
? EmailFrom: text
? EmailSubject: text
? EmailX-Mailer: text
? EmailHeaderField: [+ ExtensionType]
? EmailHeaders: text
? EmailBody: text
? EmailMessage: text
? HashData: [+ HashData]
? Signature: [+ BYTE]
}
RecordData = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
? DateTime: DATETIME
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? Application: SoftwareType
? RecordPattern: [+ RecordPattern]
? RecordItem: [+ ExtensionType]
? URL: [+ URLtype]
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? FileData: [+ FileData]
? WindowsRegistryKeysModified: [+ WindowsRegistryKeysModified]
? CertificateData: [+ CertificateData]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
RecordPattern = {
value: text
type: "regex" / "binary" / "xpath" / "ext-value" .default "regex"
? ext-type: text
? offset: integer
? offsetunit: "line" / "byte" / "ext-value" .default "line"
? ext-offsetunit: text
? instance: integer
}
WindowsRegistryKeysModified = {
? observable-id: IDtype
Key: [+ Key]
}
Key = {
? registryaction: "add-key" / "add-value" / "delete-key" /
"delete-value" / "modify-key" / "modify-value" /
"ext-value"
? ext-registryaction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
KeyName: text
? KeyValue: text
}
CertificateData = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
Certificate: [+ Certificate]
}
Certificate = {
? observable-id: IDtype
X509Data: BYTE
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
}
FileData = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? observable-id: IDtype
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File: [+ File]
}
File = {
? observable-id: IDtype
? FileName: text
? FileSize: integer
? FileType: text
? URL: [+ URLtype]
? HashData: HashData
? Signature: [+ BYTE]
? AssociatedSoftware: SoftwareType
? FileProperties: [+ ExtensionType]
}
HashData = {
scope: "file-contents" / "file-pe-section" / "file-pe-iat" /
"file-pe-resource" / "file-pdf-object" / "email-hash" /
"email-headers-hash" / "email-body-hash" / "ext-value"
? HashTargetID: text
? Hash: [+ Hash]
? FuzzyHash: [+ FuzzyHash]
}
Hash = {
DigestMethod: BYTE
DigestValue: BYTE
? CanonicalizationMethod: BYTE
? Application: SoftwareType
}
FuzzyHash = {
FuzzyHashValue: [+ ExtensionType]
? Application: SoftwareType
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
Indicator = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
IndicatorID: IndicatorID
? AlternativeIndicatorID: [+ AlternativeIndicatorID]
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? StartTime: DATETIME
? EndTime: DATETIME
? Confidence: Confidence
? Contact: [+ Contact]
(Observable: Observable // uid-ref: IDREFType //
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IndicatorExpression: IndicatorExpression //
IndicatorReference: IndicatorReference)
? NodeRole: [+ NodeRole]
? AttackPhase: [+ AttackPhase]
? Reference: [+ Reference]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
IndicatorID = {
id: IDtype
name: text
version: text
}
AlternativeIndicatorID = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
IndicatorID: [+ IndicatorID]
}
Observable = {
? restriction: restriction .default "private"
? ext-restriction: text
? (System: System // Address: Address // DomainData: DomainData //
EmailData: EmailData // Service: Service //
WindowsRegistryKeysModified: WindowsRegistryKeysModified //
FileData: FileData // CertificateData: CertificateData //
RegistryHandle: RegistryHandle // RecordData: RecordData //
EventData: EventData // Incident: Incident //
Expectation: Expectation // Reference: Reference //
Assessment: Assessment // DetectionPattern: DetectionPattern //
HistoryItem: HistoryItem // BulkObservable: BulkObservable //
AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType])
}
BulkObservable = {
? type: "asn" / "atm" / "e-mail" / "ipv4-addr" / "ipv4-net" /
"ipv4-net-mask" / "ipv6-addr" / "ipv6-net" / "ipv6-net-mask" /
"mac" / "site-uri" / "domain-name" / "domain-to-ipv4" /
"domain-to-ipv6" / "domain-to-ipv4-timestamp" /
"domain-to-ipv6-timestamp" / "ipv4-port" / "ipv6-port" /
"windows-reg-key" / "file-hash" / "email-x-mailer" /
"email-subject" / "http-user-agent" / "http-request-uri" /
"mutex" / "file-path" / "user-name" / "ext-value"
? ext-type: text
? BulkObservableFormat: BulkObservableFormat
BulkObservableList: text
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
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}
BulkObservableFormat = {
(Hash: Hash // AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType])
}
IndicatorExpression = {
? operator: "not" / "and" / "or" / "xor" .default "and"
? ext-operator: text
? IndicatorExpression: [+ IndicatorExpression]
? Observable: [+ Observable]
? uid-ref: [+ IDREFType]
? IndicatorReference: [+ IndicatorReference]
? Confidence: Confidence
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
IndicatorReference = {
(uid-ref: IDREFType // euid-ref: text)
? version: text
}
AttackPhase = {
? AttackPhaseID: [+ text]
? URL: [+ URLtype]
? Description: [+ MLStringType]
? AdditionalData: [+ ExtensionType]
}
Figure 8: Data Model in CDDL
6. IANA Considerations
This document does not require any IANA actions.
7. Security Considerations
This document does not provide any further security considerations
than the one described in [RFC7970].
8. Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Henk Birkholz, Carsten Bormann, Yasuaki
Morita, and Takahiko Nagata for their insightful comments on CDDL.
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9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>.
[RFC4648] Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
Encodings", RFC 4648, DOI 10.17487/RFC4648, October 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4648>.
[RFC7203] Takahashi, T., Landfield, K., and Y. Kadobayashi, "An
Incident Object Description Exchange Format (IODEF)
Extension for Structured Cybersecurity Information",
RFC 7203, DOI 10.17487/RFC7203, April 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7203>.
[RFC7970] Danyliw, R., "The Incident Object Description Exchange
Format Version 2", RFC 7970, DOI 10.17487/RFC7970,
November 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7970>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8610] Birkholz, H., Vigano, C., and C. Bormann, "Concise Data
Definition Language (CDDL): A Notational Convention to
Express Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and
JSON Data Structures", RFC 8610, DOI 10.17487/RFC8610,
June 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8610>.
9.2. Informative References
[jsonschema]
Francis Galiegue, Kris Zyp, and Gary Court, "JSON Schema:
core definitions and terminology", 2013.
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Appendix A. Data Types used in this document
The CDDL prelude used in this document is mapped to JSON as shown in
the table below.
+-----------------+-------------------+----------------------------+
| CDDL Prelude | Use of JSON | Instance | Validation |
+-----------------+-------------------+----------------------------+
| bytes | n/a | string | tool available |
| text | string | string | unnecessary |
| tdate | n/a | string | 7.3.1 date-time |
| integer | n/a | number | integer |
| eb64legacy | n/a | string | tool available |
| uri | n/a | string | 7.3.6 uri |
| float32 | float32 | number | unnecessary |
+-----------------+-------------------+----------------------------+
Figure 9: CDDL Prelude mapping in JSON
Appendix B. The IODEF Data Model (JSON Schema)
This section provides a JSON schema that defines the IODEF Data Model
defined in this draft. Note that this section is Informative.
{ "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
"definitions": {
"action": {"enum": ["nothing","contact-source-site",
"contact-target-site","contact-sender","investigate",
"block-host","block-network","block-port","rate-limit-host",
"rate-limit-network","rate-limit-port","redirect-traffic",
"honeypot","upgrade-software","rebuild-asset","harden-asset",
"remediate-other","status-triage","status-new-info",
"watch-and-report","training","defined-coa","other",
"ext-value"]},
"duration":{"enum":["second","minute","hour","day","month",
"quarter","year","ext-value"]},
"SpecID":{
"enum":["urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:mile:mmdef:1.2","private"]},
"lang": {
"type":"string","pattern":"^$|[a-zA-Z]{1,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*"},
"purpose": {"enum": ["traceback","mitigation","reporting","watch",
"other","ext-value"]},
"restriction":{"enum":["public","partner","need-to-know","private",
"default","white","green","amber","red","ext-value"]},
"status": {"enum": ["new","in-progress","forwarded","resolved",
"future","ext-value"]},
"DATETIME": {"type": "string","format": "date-time"},
"BYTE": {"type": "string"},
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"PortlistType": {
"type": "string","pattern": "\\d+(\\-\\d+)?(,\\d+(\\-\\d+)?)*"},
"TimeZonetype": {
"type":"string","pattern":"Z|[\\+\\-](0[0-9]|1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9]"},
"URLtype": {
"type": "string",
"pattern":
"^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?"},
"IDtype": {"type": "string","pattern": "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_.-]*"},
"IDREFType": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"MLStringType": {
"oneOf": [{"type": "string"},
{"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "string"},
"lang": {"$ref": "#/definitions/lang"},
"translation-id": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["value"],
"additionalProperties":false}]},
"PositiveFloatType": {"type": "number","minimum": 0},
"PAddressType": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"ExtensionType": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "string"},
"name": {"type": "string"},
"dtype":{"enum":["boolean","byte","bytes","character", "json",
"date-time","ntpstamp","integer","portlist","real","string",
"file","path","frame","packet","ipv4-packet","ipv6-packet",
"url", "csv","winreg","xml","ext-value"],"default": "string"},
"ext-dtype": {"type": "string"},
"meaning": {"type": "string"},
"formatid": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {
"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction","default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}},
"required": ["value","dtype"],
"additionalProperties":false},
"ExtensionTypeList": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1},
"SoftwareType": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"SoftwareReference":{"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareReference"},
"URL": {
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"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype",
"minItems": 1}},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1 }},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"SoftwareReference": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "string"},
"spec-name": {"enum": ["custom","cpe","swid","ext-value"]},
"ext-spec-name": {"type": "string"},
"dtype": {"enum": ["bytes","integer","real","string","xml",
"ext-value"] , "default": "string"},
"ext-dtype": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["spec-name"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"StructuredInfo": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"SpecID": {"$ref":"#/definitions/SpecID"},
"ext-SpecID": {"type": "string"},
"ContentID": {"type": "string"},
"RawData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref":"#/definitions/BYTE"},
"minItems": 1
},
"Reference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"minItems": 1
},
"Platform": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Platform"},
"minItems": 1
},
"Scoring": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Scoring"},
"minItems": 1}},
"allOf": [
{"required": ["SpecID"]},
{"anyOf": [
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{"oneOf": [
{"required":["Reference"]},
{"required":["RawData"]}]},
{ "not" : {"required":["Reference", "RawData"]}}]}],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Platform": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"SpecID": {"$ref":"#/definitions/SpecID"},
"ext-SpecID": {"type": "string"},
"ContentID": {"type": "string"},
"RawData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref":"#/definitions/BYTE"},
"minItems": 1
},
"Reference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["SpecID"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Scoring": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"SpecID": {"$ref":"#/definitions/SpecID"},
"ext-SpecID": {"type": "string"},
"ContentID": {"type": "string"},
"RawData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref":"#/definitions/BYTE"},
"minItems": 1
},
"Reference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["SpecID"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Incident": {
"title": "Incident",
"description": "JSON schema for Incident class",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"purpose": {"$ref": "#/definitions/purpose"},
"ext-purpose": {"type": "string"},
"status": {"$ref": "#/definitions/status"},
"ext-status": {"type": "string"},
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"lang": {"$ref": "#/definitions/lang"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"IncidentID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"},
"AlternativeID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/AlternativeID"},
"RelatedActivity": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RelatedActivity"},
"minItems": 1},
"DetectTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"StartTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"EndTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"RecoveryTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"ReportTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"GenerationTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Discovery": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Discovery"},
"minItems": 1},
"Assessment": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Assessment"},
"minItems": 1},
"Method": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Method"},
"minItems": 1},
"Contact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1},
"EventData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"},
"minItems": 1},
"Indicator": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Indicator"},
"minItems": 1},
"History": {"$ref": "#/definitions/History"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["IncidentID","GenerationTime","Contact","purpose"],
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"additionalProperties": false},
"IncidentID": {
"title": "IncidentID",
"description": "JSON schema for IncidentID class",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"id": {"type": "string"},
"name": {"type": "string"},
"instance": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["id","name"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"AlternativeID": {
"title": "AlternativeID",
"description": "JSON schema for AlternativeID class",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"IncidentID": {
"type": "array",
"items":{"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"},
"minItems": 1},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["IncidentID"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"RelatedActivity": {
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"IncidentID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"},
"minItems": 1},
"URL": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"ThreatActor": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ThreatActor"},
"minItems": 1},
"Campaign": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Campaign"},
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"minItems": 1},
"IndicatorID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorID"},
"minItems": 1},
"Confidence": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"additionalProperties": false},
"ThreatActor": {
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"ThreatActorID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"URL": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"additionalProperties": false},
"Campaign": {
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"CampaignID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"URL": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
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"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}},
"Contact": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"role": {
"enum":["creator","reporter","admin","tech","provider","user",
"billing","legal","irt","abuse","cc","cc-irt","leo",
"vendor","vendor-support","victim","victim-notified",
"ext-value"]},
"ext-role": {"type": "string"},
"type": {"enum": ["person","organization","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"ContactName": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"ContactTitle": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"RegistryHandle": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/RegistryHandle"},
"minItems": 1},
"PostalAddress": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/PostalAddress"},
"minItems": 1},
"Email": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Email"},
"minItems": 1},
"Telephone": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Telephone"},
"minItems": 1},
"Timezone": {"$ref": "#/definitions/TimeZonetype"},
"Contact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1},
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"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["role","type"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"RegistryHandle": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"handle": {"type": "string"},
"registry": {
"enum": ["internic","apnic","arin","lacnic","ripe","afrinic",
"local","ext-value"]},
"ext-registry": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["handle","registry"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"PostalAddress": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"type": {
"enum": ["street","mailing","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"PAddress": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PAddressType"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["PAddress"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Email": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"type": {
"enum":["direct","hotline","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"EmailTo": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["EmailTo"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Telephone": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"type": {
"enum":["wired","mobile","fax","hotline","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"TelephoneNumber": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
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"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["TelephoneNumber"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Discovery": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"source": {
"enum":["nidps","hips","siem","av","third-party-monitoring",
"incident","os-log","application-log","device-log",
"network-flow","passive-dns","investigation","audit",
"internal-notification","external-notification","leo",
"partner","actor","unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-source": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Contact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1},
"DetectionPattern": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/DetectionPattern"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"DetectionPattern": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"DetectionConfiguration": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1}},
"allOf": [
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{"required": ["Application"]},
{"oneOf": [
{"required":["Description"]},
{"required":["DetectionConfiguration"]}]}],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Method": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"Reference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"AttackPattern": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/StructuredInfo"},
"minItems": 1},
"Vulnerability": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/StructuredInfo"},
"minItems": 1},
"Weakness": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/StructuredInfo"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Reference": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"ReferenceName": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ReferenceName"},
"URL":{
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": [],
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"additionalProperties": false},
"ReferenceName" : {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"specIndex": {"type": "number"},
"ID": {"$ref":"#/definitions/IDtype"}},
"required": ["specIndex","ID"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Assessment": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"occurrence": {"enum":["actual","potential"]},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"IncidentCategory": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Impact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"properties": {
"SystemImpact":{"$ref":"#/definitions/SystemImpact"},
"BusinessImpact":{"$ref":"#/definitions/BusinessImpact"},
"TimeImpact":{"$ref":"#/definitions/TimeImpact"},
"MonetaryImpact":{"$ref":"#/definitions/MonetaryImpact"},
"IntendedImpact":{"$ref":"#/definitions/BusinessImpact"}},
"additionalProperties":false},
"minItems" : 1
},
"Counter": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Counter"},
"minItems": 1},
"MitigatingFactor": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Cause": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Confidence": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["Impact"],
"additionalProperties": false},
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"SystemImpact": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"severity": {"enum":["low","medium","high"]},
"completion": {"enum":["failed","succeeded"]},
"type": {
"enum":["takeover-account","takeover-service",
"takeover-system","cps-manipulation","cps-damage",
"availability-data","availability-account",
"availability-service","availability-system",
"damaged-system","damaged-data","breach-proprietary",
"breach-privacy","breach-credential",
"breach-configuration","integrity-data",
"integrity-configuration","integrity-hardware",
"traffic-redirection","monitoring-traffic",
"monitoring-host","policy","unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["type"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"BusinessImpact": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"severity": {"enum":["none","low","medium","high","unknown",
"ext-value"],"default": "unknown"},
"ext-severity": {"type":"string"},
"type": {"enum":["breach-proprietary","breach-privacy",
"breach-credential","loss-of-integrity","loss-of-service",
"theft-financial","theft-service","degraded-reputation",
"asset-damage","asset-manipulation","legal","extortion",
"unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["type"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"TimeImpact": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PositiveFloatType"},
"severity": {"enum": ["low","medium","high"]},
"metric": {"enum": ["labor","elapsed","downtime","ext-value"]},
"ext-metric": {"type": "string"},
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"duration": {"$ref":"#/definitions/duration","default": "hour"},
"ext-duration": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["value","metric"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"MonetaryImpact": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PositiveFloatType"},
"severity": {"enum":["low","medium","high"]},
"currency": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["value"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Confidence": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "number"},
"rating": {"enum": ["low","medium","high","numeric","unknown",
"ext-value"]},
"ext-rating": {"type":"string"}},
"required": ["value","rating"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"History": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"HistoryItem": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HistoryItem"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["HistoryItem"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"HistoryItem": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"action": {"$ref": "#/definitions/action","default": "other"},
"ext-action": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"DateTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"IncidentID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"},
"Contact": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
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"minItems": 1},
"DefinedCOA": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["DateTime","action"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"EventData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Description": {"type": "array",
"items": { "$ref":"#/definitions/MLStringType"}},
"DetectTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"StartTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"EndTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"RecoveryTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"ReportTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"Contact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1},
"Discovery": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Discovery"},
"minItems": 1},
"Assessment": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Assessment"},
"Method": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Method"},
"minItems": 1},
"System": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/System"},
"minItems": 1},
"Expectation": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Expectation"},
"minItems": 1},
"RecordData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RecordData"},
"minItems": 1},
"EventData": {
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"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Expectation": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"action": {"$ref":"#/definitions/action","default": "other"},
"ext-action": {"type": "string"},
"severity": {"enum": ["low","medium","high"]},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "default"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"DefinedCOA": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"StartTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"EndTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"Contact": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"System": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"category": {
"enum": ["source","target","intermediate","sensor",
"infrastructure","ext-value"]},
"ext-category": {"type": "string"},
"interface": {"type": "string"},
"spoofed": {"enum": ["unknown","yes","no"],"default":"unknown"},
"virtual": {"enum": ["yes","no","unknown"],"default":"unknown"},
"ownership": {
"enum":["organization","personal","partner","customer",
"no-relationship","unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-ownership": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Node": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Node"},
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"NodeRole": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/NodeRole"},
"minItems": 1},
"Service": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Service"},
"minItems": 1},
"OperatingSystem": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Counter": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Counter"},
"minItems": 1},
"AssetID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["Node"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Node": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"DomainData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DomainData"},
"minItems": 1},
"Address": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Address"},
"minItems": 1},
"PostalAddress": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PostalAddress"},
"Location": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Counter": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/Counter"},
"minItems": 1}},
"anyOf": [
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{"required": ["DomainData"]},
{"required": ["Address"]}
],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Address": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "string"},
"category": {
"enum":["asn","atm","e-mail","ipv4-addr","ipv4-net",
"ipv4-net-masked","ipv4-net-mask","ipv6-addr","ipv6-net",
"ipv6-net-masked","mac","site-uri","ext-value"],
"default": "ipv6-addr"},
"ext-category": {"type": "string"},
"vlan-name": {"type": "string"},
"vlan-num": {"type": "number"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}},
"required": ["value","category"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"NodeRole": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"category": {
"enum":["client","client-enterprise","client-partner",
"client-remote","client-kiosk","client-mobile",
"server-internal","server-public","www","mail","webmail",
"messaging","streaming","voice","file","ftp","p2p","name",
"directory","credential","print","application","database",
"backup","dhcp","assessment","source-control",
"config-management","monitoring","infra","infra-firewall",
"infra-router","infra-switch","camera","proxy",
"remote-access","log","virtualization","pos", "scada",
"scada-supervisory","sinkhole","honeypot","anomyzation",
"c2-server","malware-distribution","drop-server",
"hop-point","reflector","phishing-site",
"spear-phishing-site","recruiting-site","fraudulent-site",
"ext-value"]},
"ext-category": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["category"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Counter": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "number"},
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"type": {"enum": ["count","peak","average","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"unit":{"enum":["byte","mbit","packet","flow","session","alert",
"message","event","host","site","organization","ext-value"]},
"ext-unit": {"type": "string"},
"meaning": {"type": "string"},
"duration": {"$ref":"#/definitions/duration","default": "hour"},
"ext-duration": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["value","type","unit"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"DomainData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"system-status": {
"enum": ["spoofed","fraudulent","innocent-hacked",
"innocent-hijacked","unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-system-status": {"type": "string"},
"domain-status": {
"enum": [ "reservedDelegation","assignedAndActive",
"assignedAndInactive","assignedAndOnHold","revoked",
"transferPending","registryLock","registrarLock",
"other","unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-domain-status": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Name": {"type": "string"},
"DateDomainWasChecked": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"RegistrationDate": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"ExpirationDate": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"RelatedDNS": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1},
"NameServers": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/NameServers"},
"minItems": 1},
"DomainContacts": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DomainContacts"}},
"required": ["Name","system-status","domain-status"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"NameServers": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"Server": {"type": "string"},
"Address": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/Address"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["Server","Address"],
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"additionalProperties": false},
"DomainContacts": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"SameDomainContact": {"type": "string"},
"Contact": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1}},
"oneOf": [
{"required": ["SameDomainContact"]},
{"required": ["Contact"]}],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Service": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"ip-protocol": {"type": "number"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"ServiceName": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ServiceName"},
"Port": {"type": "number"},
"Portlist": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PortlistType"},
"ProtoCode": {"type": "number"},
"ProtoType": {"type": "number"},
"ProtoField": {"type": "number"},
"ApplicationHeaderField":{
"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"},
"EmailData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EmailData"},
"Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"ServiceName": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"IANAService": {"type": "string"},
"URL": {
"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"EmailData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"EmailTo": {
"type": "array",
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"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"EmailFrom": {"type": "string"},
"EmailSubject": {"type": "string"},
"EmailX-Mailer": {"type": "string"},
"EmailHeaderField": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1},
"EmailHeaders": {"type": "string"},
"EmailBody": {"type": "string"},
"EmailMessage": {"type": "string"},
"HashData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HashData"},
"minItems": 1},
"Signature": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"RecordData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"DateTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"},
"RecordPattern": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RecordPattern"},
"minItems": 1},
"RecordItem": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1},
"URL": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"FileData": {
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"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/FileData"},
"minItems": 1},
"WindowsRegistryKeysModified": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref":"#/definitions/WindowsRegistryKeysModified"},
"minItems": 1},
"CertificateData": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/CertificateData"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"RecordPattern": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "string"},
"type": {"enum": ["regex","binary","xpath","ext-value"],
"default": "regex"},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"offset": {"type": "number"},
"offsetunit": {"enum":["line","byte","ext-value"] ,
"default": "line"},
"ext-offsetunit": {"type": "string"},
"instance": {"type": "number"}},
"required": ["value","type"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"WindowsRegistryKeysModified": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Key": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Key"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["Key"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Key": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"registryaction": {"enum": ["add-key","add-value","delete-key",
"delete-value","modify-key","modify-value",
"ext-value"]},
"ext-registryaction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"KeyName": {"type":"string"},
"KeyValue": {"type": "string"}},
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"required": ["KeyName"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"CertificateData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Certificate": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Certificate"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["Certificate"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Certificate": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"X509Data": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["X509Data"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"FileData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"File": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/File"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["File"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"File": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"FileName": {"type": "string"},
"FileSize": {"type": "number"},
"FileType": {"type": "string"},
"URL": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"},
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"minItems": 1},
"HashData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HashData"},
"Signature": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"minItems": 1},
"AssociatedSoftware": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"},
"FileProperties": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"HashData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"scope": {"enum": ["file-contents","file-pe-section",
"file-pe-iat","file-pe-resource","file-pdf-object",
"email-hash","email-headers-hash","email-body-hash",
"ext-value"]},
"HashTargetID": {"type": "string"},
"Hash": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Hash"},
"minItems": 1},
"FuzzyHash": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/FuzzyHash"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["scope"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Hash": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"DigestMethod": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"DigestValue": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"CanonicalizationMethod": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}},
"required": ["DigestMethod","DigestValue"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"FuzzyHash": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"FuzzyHashValue": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"},
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"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["FuzzyHashValue"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Indicator": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"IndicatorID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorID"},
"AlternativeIndicatorID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/AlternativeIndicatorID"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"StartTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"EndTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"Confidence": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"},
"Contact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1},
"Observable": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Observable"},
"uid-ref": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDREFType"},
"IndicatorExpression":{
"$ref":"#/definitions/IndicatorExpression"},
"IndicatorReference":{
"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorReference"},
"NodeRole": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/NodeRole"},
"minItems": 1},
"AttackPhase": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/AttackPhase"},
"minItems": 1},
"Reference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"allOf": [
{"required": ["IndicatorID"]},
{"oneOf": [
{"required":["Observable"]},
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{"required":["uid-ref"]},
{"required":["IndicatorExpression"]},
{"required":["IndicatorReference"]}]}],
"additionalProperties": false},
"IndicatorID": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"id": {"type": "string"},
"name": {"type": "string"},
"version": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["id","name","version"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"AlternativeIndicatorID": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"IndicatorID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorID"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["IndicatorID"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Observable": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"System": {"$ref": "#/definitions/System"},
"Address": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Address"},
"DomainData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DomainData"},
"EmailData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EmailData"},
"Service": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Service"},
"WindowsRegistryKeysModified": {
"$ref": "#/definitions/WindowsRegistryKeysModified"},
"FileData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/FileData"},
"CertificateData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/CertificateData"},
"RegistryHandle": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RegistryHandle"},
"RecordData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RecordData"},
"EventData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"},
"Incident": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Incident"},
"Expectation": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Expectation"},
"Reference": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"Assessment": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Assessment"},
"DetectionPattern": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DetectionPattern"},
"HistoryItem": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HistoryItem"},
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"BulkObservable": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BulkObservable"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"oneOf": [
{"required":["System"]},
{"required":["Address"]},
{"required":["DomainData"]},
{"required":["EmailData"]},
{"required":["Service"]},
{"required":["WindowsRegistryKeysModified"]},
{"required":["FileData"]},
{"required":["CertificateData"]},
{"required":["RegistryHandle"]},
{"required":["RecordData"]},
{"required":["EventData"]},
{"required":["Incident"]},
{"required":["Expectation"]},
{"required":["Reference"]},
{"required":["Assessment"]},
{"required":["DetectionPattern"]},
{"required":["HistoryItem"]},
{"required":["BulkObservable"]},
{"required":["AdditionalData"]}],
"additionalProperties": false},
"BulkObservable": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"type": {"enum": ["asn","atm","e-mail","ipv4-addr","ipv4-net",
"ipv4-net-mask","ipv6-addr","ipv6-net","ipv6-net-mask",
"mac","site-uri","domain-name","domain-to-ipv4",
"domain-to-ipv6","domain-to-ipv4-timestamp",
"domain-to-ipv6-timestamp","ipv4-port","ipv6-port",
"windows-reg-key","file-hash","email-x-mailer",
"email-subject","http-user-agent","http-request-url",
"mutex","file-path","user-name","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"BulkObservableFormat":{
"$ref": "#/definitions/BulkObservableFormat"},
"BulkObservableList": {"type": "string"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["BulkObservableList"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"BulkObservableFormat": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"Hash": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Hash"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"oneOf": [
{"required": ["Hash"]},
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{"required": ["AdditionalData"]}
],
"additionalProperties": false},
"IndicatorExpression": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"operator": {"enum": ["not","and","or","xor"],"default": "and"},
"ext-operator": {"type": "string"},
"IndicatorExpression": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorExpression"},
"minItems": 1},
"Observable": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Observable"},
"minItems": 1},
"uid-ref": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDREFType"},
"minItems": 1},
"IndicatorReference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorReference"},
"minItems": 1},
"Confidence": {"$ref":"#/definitions/Confidence"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"IndicatorReference": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"uid-ref": {"$ref":"#/definitions/IDREFType"},
"euid-ref": {"type": "string"},
"version": {"type": "string"}},
"oneOf": [
{"required": ["uid-ref"]},
{"required": ["euid-ref"]}
],
"additionalProperties": false},
"AttackPhase": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"AttackPhaseID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"URL": {
"type": "array",
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"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false}},
"title": "IODEF-Document",
"description": "JSON schema for IODEF-Document class",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"version": {"type": "string"},
"lang": {"$ref": "#/definitions/lang"},
"format-id": {"type": "string"},
"private-enum-name": {"type": "string"},
"private-enum-id": {"type": "string"},
"Incident": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Incident"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["version","Incident"],
"additionalProperties": false}
Figure 10: JSON schema
Authors' Addresses
Takeshi Takahashi
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi
Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795
Japan
Phone: +81 42 327 5862
Email: takeshi_takahashi@nict.go.jp
Roman Danyliw
CERT, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University
4500 Fifth Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA
USA
Email: rdd@cert.org
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Mio Suzuki
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi
Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795
Japan
Email: mio@nict.go.jp
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