IS-IS Topology-Transparent Zone
draft-ietf-lsr-isis-ttz-03
Internet Engineering Task Force H. Chen
Internet-Draft R. Li
Intended status: Experimental Futurewei
Expires: September 30, 2021 Y. Yang
IBM
A. Kumar S N
RtBrick
Y. Fan
Casa Systems
N. So
V. Liu
M. Toy
Verizon
L. Liu
Fujitsu
K. Makhijani
Futurewei
March 29, 2021
IS-IS Topology-Transparent Zone
draft-ietf-lsr-isis-ttz-03
Abstract
This document specifies a topology-transparent zone in an IS-IS area.
A zone is a subset (block/piece) of an area, which comprises a group
of routers and a number of circuits connecting them. It is
abstracted as a virtual entity such as a single virtual node or zone
edges mesh. Any router outside of the zone is not aware of the zone.
The information about the circuits and routers inside the zone is not
distributed to any router outside of the zone.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
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time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 30, 2021.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Zone Abstraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. Node Abstraction Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Mesh Abstraction Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Topology-Transparent Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. Zone as a Single Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1.1. An Example of Zone as a Single Node . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1.2. Zone Leader Election . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1.3. LS Generation for Zone as a Single Node . . . . . . . 10
4.1.4. Adjacency Establishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.1.5. Computation of Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2. Extensions to Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2.1. Zone ID TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3. Zone as Edges Full Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3.1. An Example of Zone as Edges Full Mesh . . . . . . . . 14
4.3.2. Updating LSPs for Zone as Edges Full Mesh . . . . . . 15
4.3.3. Computation of Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.4. Advertisement of LSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.4.1. Advertisement of LSPs within Zone . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.4.2. Advertisement of LSPs through Zone . . . . . . . . . 17
5. Seamless Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.1. Transfer Zone to a Single Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2. Roll Back from Zone as a Single Node . . . . . . . . . . 18
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6. Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.1. Configuring Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.2. Transferring Zone to Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.3. Rolling back Node to Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7. Experiment Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
11. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1. Introduction
[ISO10589] and [RFC1195] describe two levels of areas in IS-IS, level
1 and level 2 areas. There are scalability issues in using areas as
the number of routers in a network becomes larger and larger. When
an IS-IS area becomes larger, its convergence on a network event such
as a link down will take a longer time. During the period of network
converging, more traffic that is transported through the network area
will get lost.
Through splitting the network into multiple level 1 areas connected
by level 2, we may extend the network further. However, dividing a
network from one area into multiple areas or from a number of
existing areas to even more areas can be a challenging and time
consuming task since it involves significant network architecture
changes. It needs a careful planning and many configurations on the
network.
These issues can be resolved by using topology-transparent zone
(TTZ), which abstracts a zone (i.e., a subset of an area) as a single
virtual node or zone edges' mesh with minimum efforts and minimum
service interruption. Note that a zone can be an entire area.
This document presents topology-transparent zone and specifies
extensions to IS-IS that support topology-transparent zone.
1.1. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119] [RFC8174]
when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
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1.2. Terminology
Zone: A subset (block or piece) of an area. In a special case, a
zone is an entire area.
TTZ: Topology-Transparent Zone (TTZ) is a mechanism that abstracts a
zone as a single virtual node or zone edges' full mesh. The
virtual node appears connected to all the zone neighbors.
TTZ Virtual Entity: A single virtual node or zone edges' full mesh
to which a zone is transformed using TTZ.
A TTZ: A zone that is (to be) abstracted using TTZ.
Zone External Node: A node outside of a zone.
Zone Internal Node: A node within a zone without any connection to a
node outside of the zone.
Zone Edge/Border Node: A node that is part of a zone connecting to a
node outside of the zone.
Zone Node: A zone internal node or a zone edge/border node (i.e., a
node that is part of a zone).
Zone Link: A link connecting zone nodes (i.e., a link that is part
of a zone).
Zone Neighbor Node: A node outside of a zone that is a neighbor of
a zone edge/border node.
Zone Neighbor: A Zone Neighbor Node.
CLI: Command Line Interface.
LSP: A Link State Protocol Data Unit (PDU) in IS-IS. An LSP
contains link state information. In general, a router/node
originates multiple LSPs, distinguished by LSP fragment number,
to carry the link state information about it and the links
attached to it.
LS: Link State. In general, the LS for a node is all the LSPs that
the node originates. The LS for a zone is the set of LSPs that
all the nodes in the zone originate to carry the information
about them and the links attached to them inside the zone.
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2. Requirements
Topology-Transparent Zone (TTZ) may be deployed to resolve some
critical issue of scalability in existing networks and future
networks. The requirements for TTZ are as follows:
o TTZ MUST be backward compatible. When a TTZ is deployed on a set
of routers in a network, the routers outside of the TTZ in the
network do not need to know or support TTZ.
o TTZ MUST support at least one more levels of network hierarchy, in
addition to the hierarchies supported by existing IS-IS.
o Transforming a zone (i.e., a block of network area) to a TTZ
virtual entity SHOULD be smooth with minimum service interruption.
A TTZ virtual entity is either a single virtual node or zone
edges' full mesh.
o Transforming (or say rolling back) a TTZ virtual entity back to
its zone (i.e., its original block of network area not using TTZ)
(refer to Section 5.2) SHOULD be smooth with minimum service
interruption.
o The configuration for a TTZ in a network SHOULD be minimal.
o The changes on the existing protocols to support TTZ SHOULD be
minimal.
3. Zone Abstraction
When abstracting a zone, a user may select one of two models: node
abstraction model and mesh abstraction model.
3.1. Node Abstraction Model
In node abstraction model (or node model for short), a zone is
abstracted as a single virtual node. The virtual node represents the
entire zone. It appears connected to all the zone neighbors and is
in the same area as those neighbors.
Deploying node model may cause changes on some routes since the block
of an area (zone) becomes a single virtual node. Some of the routes
that are optimal before the abstraction may be changed to be
suboptimal after the abstraction (refer to Section 4.1.5). This may
attract traffic to the TTZ and change the balance of traffic in the
network.
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The advantage of node model is that it provides a higher degree of
abstraction rate than the mesh model. It is more scalable.
3.2. Mesh Abstraction Model
In mesh abstraction model (or mesh model for short), a zone is
abstracted as its edges' full mesh, there is a full mesh of
connections among the edges and each edge is also connected to its
neighbors outside of the zone.
The advantage of mesh model is that it keeps the routes unchanged.
After a zone is abstracted as the full mesh of the edges of the zone,
every route is still optimal (refer to Section 4.3.3).
The disadvantage of mesh model is that it does not scale when the
number of edge nodes of a zone is large.
4. Topology-Transparent Zone
A Topology-Transparent Zone (TTZ) comprises an Identifier (ID) and a
subset (piece/block) of an area such as a Level 2 area in IS-IS. It
is abstracted as a single virtual node or its edges' full mesh. TTZ
and zone as well as node and router will be used interchangeably
below.
A zone MUST be within a single area. In addition, all the nodes in a
zone MUST reside within a common level. There are three cases. All
the nodes in a zone are L1 nodes except for some of edge nodes of the
zone may be L1/L2 nodes. All the nodes in a zone are L2 nodes except
for some of edge nodes of the zone may be L1/L2 nodes. All the nodes
in a zone are L1/L2 nodes.
4.1. Zone as a Single Node
After a zone is abstracted as a single virtual node having a virtual
node ID, every node outside of the zone sees a number of links
connected to this single node. Each of these links connects to a
zone neighbor. The link states inside the zone are not advertised to
any node outside of the zone. The virtual node ID may be derived
from the zone ID. The value of the zone ID is transferred to four
bytes of an IPv4 address, and then to 12 digitals of the IPv4 address
in dotted form. The node ID of 6 bytes is from these 12 digitals, 2
digitals for 1 byte.
The sections below describe the behaviors of zone nodes when/after a
zone is abstracted to a single virtual node. They are summarized as
follows.
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o Zone leader originates the LS (i.e., a set of LSPs) for the
virtual node (refer to Section 4.1.3).
o Zone nodes re-advertise the LS originated by the zone leader
(refer to Section 4.1.3 and Section 4.1.4).
o Zone edge/border node forms adjacencies with zone neighbor nodes
using the identity of the virtual node not its own identity (refer
to Section 4.1.4).
o Zone edge/border node re-advertises the LS for the virtual node as
it originates the LS (refer to Section 4.1.4).
o Zone edge/border node purges its existing LSP and originates a new
LSP containing its zone links after receiving the LS for the
virtual node (refer to Section 4.1.4).
o Zone edge/border nodes do not advertise the LSPs originated by
zone nodes to its zone neighbors (refer to Section 4.1.4 and
Section 4.4.1).
o Zone edge/border nodes continue to operate IS-IS as normal to
advertise the LSPs received from its zone neighbors (refer to
Section 4.1.4 and Section 4.4.2).
o Zone internal nodes continue to operate IS-IS as normal to
advertise the LSPs received from its neighbors (refer to
Section 4.4.1).
o Zone nodes compute routes from the topology without the virtual
node (refer to Section 4.1.5).
4.1.1. An Example of Zone as a Single Node
The figure below shows an example of an area containing a TTZ: TTZ
600.
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TTZ 600
\
\ ^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~
( )
===[R15]========(==[R61]------------[R63]==)======[R29]===
||\ ( | \ / | ) ||
|| \ ( | \ / | ) ||
|| \___ ( | \ / | ) ||
|| \ ( | ___\ / | ) ||
|| \ ( | / [R71] | ) ||
|| \( | [R73] / \ | ) ||
|| (\ | / \ | ) ||
|| ( \ | / \ | ) ||
|| ( \| / \ | ) ||
===[R17]========(==[R65]------------[R67]==)======[R31]===
\\ (// \\) //
|| //v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v~\\ ||
|| // \\ ||
|| // \\ ||
\\ // \\ //
======[R23]==============================[R25]=====
// \\
// \\
Figure 1: An Example of TTZ 600
The area comprises routers R15, R17, R23, R25, R29 and R31. It also
contains TTZ 600, which comprises routers R61, R63, R65, R67, R71 and
R73, and the circuits connecting them.
There are two types of routers in a TTZ: TTZ internal routers and TTZ
edge/border routers. A TTZ internal router is a router inside the
TTZ and its adjacent routers are inside the TTZ. A TTZ edge/border
router is a router inside the TTZ and has at least one adjacent
router that is outside of the TTZ.
The TTZ in the figure above comprises four TTZ edge/border routers
R61, R63, R65 and R67. Each TTZ edge/border router is connected to
at least one router outside of the TTZ. For instance, router R61 is
a TTZ edge/border router since it is connected to router R15, which
is outside of the TTZ.
In addition, the TTZ comprises two TTZ internal routers R71 and R73.
A TTZ internal router is not connected to any router outside of the
TTZ. For instance, router R71 is a TTZ internal router since it is
not connected to any router outside of the TTZ. It is just connected
to routers R61, R63, R65, R67 and R73 inside the TTZ.
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A TTZ MUST hide the information inside the TTZ from the outside. It
MUST NOT directly distribute any internal information about the TTZ
to a router outside of the TTZ.
From a router outside of the TTZ, a TTZ is seen as a single node
(refer to the Figure below). For instance, router R15, which is
outside of TTZ 600, sees TTZ 600 as a single node Rz, which has
normal connections to R15, R29, R17 and R23, R25 and R31.
TTZ 600
\
\ ^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~
( )
===[R15]========( )======[R29]===
||\ ( ) ||
|| \ ( ) ||
|| \ ( ) ||
|| \ ( ) ||
|| \ ( Rz ) ||
|| \ ( ) ||
|| \ ( ) ||
|| \ ( ) ||
|| \( ) ||
===[R17]========( )======[R31]===
\\ ( ) //
|| //v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v~\\ ||
|| // \\ ||
|| // \\ ||
\\ // \\ //
======[R23]==============================[R25]=====
// \\
// \\
Figure 2: TTZ 600 as Single Node Rz
4.1.2. Zone Leader Election
A node in a zone is elected as a leader for the zone, which is the
node with the highest priority (and the highest node ID when there
are more than one nodes having the same highest priority) in the
zone. The leader election mechanism described in
[I-D.ietf-lsr-dynamic-flooding] is used to elect the leader for the
zone.
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4.1.3. LS Generation for Zone as a Single Node
The leader for the zone originates the LS (i.e., set of LSPs) for the
zone as a single virtual node and sends it to its neighbors. Each of
the nodes in the zone re-advertises the LS to all its neighbors
except for the one from which the LS is received.
This LS comprises all the adjacencies between the virtual node and
the zone neighbors. The System ID of each LSP ID is the ID of the
virtual node for the zone. The Source ID or Advertising Node/Router
ID is the ID of the virtual node.
In addition, this LS may contain the IP prefixes such as the loopback
IP addresses inside the zone to be accessed by zone external nodes
(i.e., nodes outside of the zone). These IP prefixes are included in
the IP internal reachability TLV.
When the existing zone leader fails, a new zone leader is elected.
The new leader originates the LSPs for the virtual node based on the
LSPs received from the failed leader. It retains the System ID of
each LSP ID and the live adjacencies between the virtual node and the
zone neighbors.
4.1.4. Adjacency Establishment
A zone edge node X, acting as a proxy for the single virtual node for
the zone, forms a new adjacency between the virtual node and a node Y
that is outside of the zone and in node X's area. There are two
cases. One case is that there is an existing adjacency between X and
Y; the other is that no adjacency exists between X and Y.
4.1.4.1. New Adjacency with Existing One
At first, zone edge node X acting as a proxy for the virtual node
creates a new adjacency between the virtual node for the zone and
node Y in a normal way. It sends Hellos and other packets containing
the virtual node ID as Source ID to node Y. Node Y establishes an
adjacency with the virtual node in the normal way.
Then, after receiving the LS for the virtual node originated by the
zone leader, node X does a number of things as follows.
It terminates the existing adjacency between node X and node Y. It
stops sending Hellos for the adjacency to node Y. Without receiving
Hellos from node X for a given time such as hold-timer interval, node
Y removes the adjacency to node X. Even though this adjacency
terminates, node X keeps the link to node Y in its LSP.
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It stops advertising or readvertising the LSPs that are originated by
the zone nodes to node Y (also refer to Section 4.4.1).
It purges its current LSP and originates a new LSP containing its
zone links. The new LSP does not contain the information about the
adjacencies to the zone neighbors. It advertises the new LSP to its
neighbors in the zone (also refer to Section 4.4.1). It does not
advertise the new LSP to its zone neighbors.
It re-advertises the LS to all its neighbors except for the one from
which the LS is received. It re-advertises the LS to node Y as it
originates the LS.
It re-advertises the LSP received from zone neighbor Y to its other
neighbors, including the nodes in the zone, which re-advertise the
LSP (received from Y outside of the zone) as normal IS-IS protocol
operations (also refer to Section 4.4.2).
In the case where node Y is not in node X's area, is in the backbone
and connected to node X, node X, acting as a proxy for the virtual
node, creates a new adjacency between the virtual node and node Y in
a normal way and sends the LS for the virtual node to node Y if the
zone includes all the nodes in its area.
4.1.4.2. New Adjacency without Existing One
Every IS-IS protocol packet, such as Hello, that zone edge node X
originates and sends node Y, uses the virtual node ID as Source ID.
When node X synchronizes its link state database (LSDB) with node Y,
it sends Y all the link state information except for the link state
belonging to the zone that is hidden from the nodes outside of the
zone.
At the end of the LSDB synchronization, the LS for the zone as a
single virtual node is originated by the zone leader and distributed
to node Y. This LS contains the adjacencies between the virtual node
and all the zone neighbors, including this newly formed zone neighbor
Y.
Then node X has the same behaviors as those described above except
for terminating the existing adjacency and purging its existing LSP.
4.1.5. Computation of Routes
After a zone is transferred/migrated to a single virtual node, every
zone node computes the routes (i.e., shortest paths to the
destinations) using the graph consisting of the zone topology, the
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connections between each zone edge and its zone neighbor, and the
topology outside of the zone without the virtual node. The metric of
a link outside of the zone is one order of magnitude larger than the
metric of a link inside the zone.
Every node outside the zone computes the routes using the topology
outside of the zone with the virtual node. The node does not have
the topology inside the zone. The metric of every link outside of
the zone is not changed.
4.2. Extensions to Protocols
This document defines a new TLV for use in IS-IS as follows.
o Zone ID TLV: containing a zone ID, a flags field and optional sub-
TLVs.
4.2.1. Zone ID TLV
The format of IS-IS Zone ID TLV is illustrated below. It MUST be
added into an LSP for a zone node.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type (TBD1) | Length | Zone ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Zone ID (Continue) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RESV |E| OP | Sub TLVs |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +
~ ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 3: IS-IS Zone ID TLV
Type (1 byte): TBD1.
Length (1 byte): Its value is variable with a minimum of 8. A value
larger than 8 means that sub-TLVs are present. If length is less
than 8, the TLV MUST be ignored.
Zone ID (6 bytes): It is the identifier (ID) of a zone.
Flags field (16 bits): one flag bit E, OP of 3 bits, and a reserved
subfield are as follows:
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RESV: Reserved. MUST be send as zero and ignored on receipt.
E = 1: Indicating a node is a zone edge node
E = 0: Indicating a node is a zone internal node
When a Zone ID is configured on a zone node (refer to Section 6.1),
the node updates its LSP by adding an IS-IS Zone ID TLV with the Zone
ID. If it is a zone internal node, the TLV has its flag E = 0;
otherwise (i.e., it is a zone edge node) the TLV has its flag E = 1
and includes a Zone ISN Sub TLV containing the zone links configured.
Every link of a zone internal node is a zone link.
OP Value Meaning (Operation)
0x001 (T): Advertising Zone Topology Information for Migration
0x010 (M): Migrating Zone to a Virtual Entity such as Virtual Node
0x011 (N): Advertising Normal Topology Information for Rollback
0x100 (R): Rolling Back from the Virtual Entity
The value of OP indicates one of the four operations above. When any
of the other values is received, the TLV MUST be ignored.
The first two values of OP (i.e., OP = 0x001 and OP = 0x010) are used
for transforming a zone to a TTZ virtual entity (refer to
Section 5.1). The last two values (i.e., OP = 0x011 and OP = 0x100)
are used for transforming (or say rolling back) the TTZ virtual
entity back to the zone (refer to Section 5.2).
Two new sub-TLVs are defined, which may be added to an IS-IS Zone ID
TLV. One is the Zone IS Neighbor sub-TLV, or Zone ISN sub-TLV for
short. The other is the Zone ES Neighbor sub-TLV, or Zone ESN sub-
TLV for short. A Zone ISN sub-TLV contains the information about a
number of IS neighbors in the zone connected to a zone edge node. It
has the format below.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type (1) | Length | Neighbor ID(i) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +
| |
+ +-----------------------------------------------+
| | Metric (i) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 4: Zone ISN Sub TLV
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A Zone ISN Sub TLV has 1 byte of Type, 1 byte of Length of
n*(IDLength + 3), which is followed by n tuples of Neighbor ID and
Metric.
A Zone ESN sub-TLV contains the information about a number of ES
neighbors in the zone connected to a zone edge node. It has the
format below.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type (2) | Length | Neighbor ID(i) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +
| |
+ +-----------------------------------------------+
| | Metric (i) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
~ ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 5: Zone ESN Sub TLV
After a zone ID is configured on a zone internal node (refer to
Section 6.1), the zone internal node includes a Zone ID TLV with the
zone ID and E = 0 in its LSP. The TLV indicates that the node
originates the TLV is a zone internal node and all its links are zone
links.
After a zone ID is configured on every zone link of a zone edge/
border node (refer to Section 6.1), the zone edge/border node
includes a Zone ID TLV with the zone ID, E = 1, Zone ISN Sub TLV and
Zone ESN Sub TLV in its LSP. The TLV indicates that the node
originates the TLV is a zone edge/border node and all the links in
the Sub TLVs are zone links.
After all the zone nodes in a zone include their Zone ID TLVs in
their LSPs, the zone is determined from the point of view of LSDB.
4.3. Zone as Edges Full Mesh
4.3.1. An Example of Zone as Edges Full Mesh
The figure below illustrates an area from the point of view on a
router outside of TTZ 600 after TTZ 600 is created and abstracted as
its edges full mesh from Figure 1.
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TTZ 600
\
\ ^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^
( )
===[R15]========(==[R61]=========[R63]==)======[R29]===
||\ ( || \\ // || ) ||
|| \ ( || \\ // || ) ||
|| \ ( || \\ // || ) ||
|| \____ ( || \\// || ) ||
|| \( || //\ || ) ||
|| \ || // \\ || ) ||
|| (\ || // \\ || ) ||
|| ( \ || // \\ || ) ||
|| ( \|| // \\ || ) ||
===[R17]========(==[R65]=========[R67]==)=======[R31]===
\\ (// \\) //
|| //v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v~v\\ ||
|| // \\ ||
|| // \\ ||
\\ // \\ //
======[R23]============================[R25]=====
// \\
// \\
Figure 6: TTZ 600 as Edges Full Mesh
From a router outside of the TTZ, a TTZ is seen as the TTZ edge
routers connected each other. For instance, router R15 sees that
R61, R63, R65 and R67 are connected each other. The cost from one
edge router to another edge router is the cost of the shortest path
between these two routers.
The adjacencies between each of the TTZ's edge routers and its
neighbors outside the TTZ are not changed. A router outside of the
TTZ sees TTZ edge routers having their normal original connections to
the routers outside of the TTZ. For example, router R15 sees that
R61, R63, R65 and R67 have their normal original connections to R15,
R29, R17 and R23, R25 and R31 respectively.
4.3.2. Updating LSPs for Zone as Edges Full Mesh
For every zone edge node, it updates its LSP in three steps and
floods the LSP to all its neighbors.
At first, it adds each of the other zone edge nodes as an IS neighbor
into the Intermediate System Neighbors TLV in its LSP after it
receives an LSP containing an IS-IS Zone ID TLV with OP = M or a
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command activating migration zone to a TTZ virtual entity. The
metric to the neighbor is the metric of the shortest path to the edge
node within the zone.
In addition, it adds an IP internal reachability TLV into its LSP.
The TLV contains a number of IP prefixes in the zone to be reachable
from outside of the zone.
And then it removes the IS neighbors corresponding to the IS
neighbors in the Zone ID TLV (i.e., in the Zone ISN sub TLV) from
Intermediate System Neighbors TLV in its LSP, and the ES neighbors
corresponding to the ES neighbors in the Zone ID TLV (i.e., in the
Zone ESN sub TLV) from End System Neighbors TLV in the LSP. This
SHOULD be done after it receives the LSPs for virtualizing zone from
the other zone edges for a given time.
4.3.3. Computation of Routes
After a zone is transferred/migrated to the zone edges' full mesh,
every zone node computes the routes (i.e., shortest paths to the
destinations) using the graph consisting of the zone topology and the
topology outside of the zone without the full mesh. Every node
outside the zone computes the routes using the topology outside of
the zone with the full mesh. The metric of every link inside and
outside of the zone is not changed.
4.4. Advertisement of LSPs
LSPs can be divided into a couple of classes according to their
Advertisements. The first class of LSPs is advertised within a zone.
The second is advertised through a zone.
4.4.1. Advertisement of LSPs within Zone
Any LSP about a link state in a zone is advertised only within the
zone. It is not advertised to any router outside of the zone. For
example, a LSP generated for a zone internal node is advertised only
within the zone.
Any LSP generated for a broadcast network in a zone is advertised
only within the zone. It is not advertised outside of the zone.
After migrating to a zone as a single virtual node or edges' full
mesh, every zone edge MUST NOT advertise any LSP belonging to the
zone or any information in a LSP belonging to the zone to any node
outside of the zone. The zone edge determines whether an LSP is
about a zone internal link state by checking if the originating node
of the LSP is a zone internal node.
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For any LSP originated by a node within the zone, every zone edge
node MUST NOT advertise it to any node outside of the zone.
4.4.2. Advertisement of LSPs through Zone
Any LSP about a link state outside of a zone received by a zone edge
is advertised using the zone as transit. For example, when a zone
edge node receives an LSP from a node outside of the zone, it floods
the LSP to its neighbors both inside and outside of the zone.
The nodes in the zone continue to flood the LSP. When another zone
edge receives the LSP, it floods the LSP to its neighbors both inside
and outside of the zone.
5. Seamless Migration
This section presents the seamless migration between a zone and its
single virtual node.
5.1. Transfer Zone to a Single Node
Transferring a zone to a single virtual node smoothly takes a few
steps or stages.
At first, a user configures the zone on every node of the zone (refer
to Section 6.1). Every zone node updates its LSP by including a Zone
ID TLV. For a zone edge node, the TLV has the Zone ID configured,
its flag E = 1 and a Zone ISN Sub TLV containing the zone links
configured. For a zone internal node, the TLV has the Zone ID
configured and its flag E = 0.
Second, after finishing the configuration of the zone, a user may
issue a command, such as a CLI command, on a zone node, such as the
zone leader, to trigger transferring the zone to the single virtual
node. When the node receives the command, it updates its LSP by
setting OP = T in its Zone ID TLV, which is distributed to every zone
node. After receiving the Zone ID TLV with OP = T, every zone edge
node, acting as a proxy of the virtual node, establishes a new
adjacency between the virtual node and each of its zone neighbor
nodes.
The command may be replaced by the determination made by a zone node,
such as the zone leader. After determining that the configuration of
the zone is finished for a given time such as 10 seconds, it updates
its LSP by setting OP = T in its Zone ID TLV. The configuration is
complete if every zone link configured is bidirectional. For every
zone internal node configured with the Zone ID, there is an LSP
containing its Zone ID TLV with E = 0 in the LSDB, which indicates
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that each link from the node (one direction) is a zone link. For
every zone edge node, each of its zone links configured from the edge
node (one direction) is included in its LSP containing its Zone ID
TLV with E = 1 and Zone ISN Sub TLV in the LSDB.
Third, after receiving the updated LSPs from all the zone neighbor
nodes, the zone leader checks if all the new adjacencies between the
virtual node and the zone neighbor nodes have been established. If
so, it originates an LS for the virtual node and updates its LSP
(i.e., the LSP for itself zone leader) by setting OP = M in its Zone
ID TLV, which is distributed to every zone node.
After receiving the LS for the virtual node or the Zone ID TLV with
OP = M, every zone node migrates to zone as virtual node. Every zone
edge node does not send any LS inside the zone to any zone neighbors.
It advertises its LSP without any zone links to the nodes outside of
the zone or purges its LSP outside of the zone, terminates its
adjacency to each of its zone neighbors, but contains the adjacency
in its LSP that is distributed within the zone. Every zone node
computes the routes according to Section 4.1.5.
5.2. Roll Back from Zone as a Single Node
After abstracting a zone to a single virtual node, we may want to
roll back the node to the zone smoothly in some cases. The process
of rolling back has a few steps or stages.
At first, a user issues a command, such as a CLI command, on a zone
node, such as the zone leader, to start (or prepare) for roll back.
When receiving the command, the node triggers the preparation for
roll back through updating its LSP by setting OP = N in its Zone ID
TLV, which will be distributed to every node in the zone. After
receiving the Zone ID TLV with OP = N, every zone edge node
establishes a normal adjacency between the edge node and each of its
zone neighbor nodes, and advertises the link state of the zone over
the adjacency if it crosses the adjacency, but holds off its LSP
containing the normal adjacency.
Second, a user may issue a command, such as a CLI command, on a zone
node, such as the zone leader, to roll back from the virtual node to
the zone if the following conditions are met.
Condition 1: All the normal adjacencies between every zone edge node
and each of its zone neighbor nodes have been established.
Condition 2: All the link state about the zone that is supposed to
be advertised outside of the zone has been advertised.
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After receiving the command, the node updates its LSP by setting OP =
R in its Zone ID TLV, which is distributed to every zone node. After
receiving the Zone ID TLV with OP = R,
o every zone edge node, acting as a proxy of the virtual node,
terminates the adjacency between the virtual node and each of its
zone neighbor nodes and advertises its LSP containing the normal
adjacencies between it and each of its zone neighbor nodes;
o The zone leader purges the LS for the virtual node abstracted from
the zone; and
o Every zone node rolls back to normal.
The command may be replaced by the determination made by a zone node,
such as the zone leader. After determining that all the conditions
are met, it updates its LSP by setting OP = R in its Zone ID TLV,
which is distributed to every zone node.
Condition 1 is met if it has its LSDB containing the link from each
zone neighbor node to its zone edge node. That is that for every
link from a zone neighbor node to the virtual node in the LSDB, there
is a corresponding link from the zone neighbor to a zone edge node.
Condition 2 is met after Condition 1 has been met for a given time,
such as maximum LSP advertisement time (MaxLSPAdvTime) crossing a
network. We may assume that MaxLSPAdvTime is 5 seconds.
6. Operations
6.1. Configuring Zone
In general, a zone is a subset of an area and has a zone ID. It
consists of some zone internal nodes and zone edge nodes. To
configure it, a user configures this zone ID on every zone internal
node and on every zone link of each zone edge node. A zone ID MUST
be unique in an AS. It MUST NOT be any IP address in the AS from
which a system ID is transformed to and used.
When the configuration of the zone ID is not consistent across the
zone, some unexpected results will be generated. For example, when
two different zone IDs are configured for the zone, two virtual nodes
for two zones may be seen in the network. These are not expected.
Once the unexpected results are seen, the inconsistent configurations
MUST be fixed.
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A node configured with the zone ID has all its links to be the zone
links. The zone internal nodes and all their links plus the zone
edge nodes and their zone links constitute the zone.
In a special case, a zone is an entire area and has a zone ID. All
the links in the area are the zone links of the zone. To configure
this zone, a user configures the zone ID on every zone node.
6.2. Transferring Zone to Node
Transferring a zone to a single virtual node smoothly may take a few
steps or stages.
At first, a user configures the zone on every node of the zone.
After finishing the configuration of the zone, the user may issue a
command, such as a CLI command, on a zone node, such as the zone
leader, to trigger transferring the zone to the node (refer to
Section 5.1).
If automatic transferring zone to node is enabled, the user does not
need to issue the command. A zone node, such as the zone leader,
will trigger transferring the zone to the node after determining that
the configuration of the zone has been finished.
Then, all the zone nodes, including the zone leader, zone edge nodes
and zone internal nodes, work together to make the zone to appear as
a single virtual node smoothly in a couple of steps.
6.3. Rolling back Node to Zone
After abstracting a zone to a single virtual node, we may want to
roll back the node to the zone smoothly in some cases. The process
of rolling back has a few steps or stages.
At first, a user issues a command, such as a CLI command, on a zone
node, such as the zone leader, to start (or prepare) for roll back.
When receiving the command, the node triggers the preparation for
roll back (refer to Section 5.2).
Second, a user may issue a command, such as a CLI command, on a zone
node, such as the zone leader, to roll back from the virtual node to
the zone if it is ready for roll back (refer to Section 5.2).
If automatic roll back Node to Zone is enabled, the user does not
need to issue the command. A zone node, such as the zone leader,
will trigger the roll back after determining that it is ready for
roll back.
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7. Experiment Scope
The experiment on TTZ should focus on node model. The experiment on
TTZ mesh model in OSPF has been done. The experiment includes the
aspects as follows.
o Abstraction. A zone (i.e., a block of an area not using TTZ) is
abstracted as a single virtual node. The size of the LSDB for the
area is reduced. Every node outside of the zone will see the
virtual node and the other nodes outside of the zone after the
abstraction. It will not see any node in the zone including the
edge nodes of the zone.
o Separation. Any node that is not participating in a zone does not
need to know or support TTZ.
o Safety. When a zone is configured correctly, neither zone edge
node or zone internal node breaches after the zone is abstracted
as a single virtual node.
o Alarm on Misconfiguration. Some critical misconfigurations should
be detected and alarmed.
8. Security Considerations
The mechanism described in this document does not raise any new
security issues for the IS-IS protocols. It is possible that an
attacker may become or act as a zone leader and inject bad LSPs for
the zone into the network, which disturbs the operations on the
network, especially the IS-IS protocols. Authentication methods
described in [RFC5304] and [RFC5310] SHOULD be used to prevent such
attack.
9. IANA Considerations
IANA is requested to make a new allocation in the "IS-IS TLV
Codepoint Registry" under the registry name "IS-IS TLV Codepoints" as
follows:
+==============+===================+=====================+
| TLV Type | TLV Name | reference |
+==============+===================+=====================+
| TBD1 | Zone ID | This document |
+--------------+-------------------+---------------------+
Note that TBD1 is less than 255.
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IANA is requested to create a new sub-registry "Sub-TLVs for TLV type
TBD1 (Zone ID TLV)" on the IANA IS-IS TLV Codepoints web page as
follows:
+==============+===================+=====================+
| Type | Name | reference |
+==============+===================+=====================+
| 0 | Reserved |
+--------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | Zone ISN | This document |
+--------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 2 | Zone ESN | This document |
+--------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| 3 - 255 | Unassigned |
+--------------+-------------------+---------------------+
10. Contributors
Alvaro Retana
Futurewei
Raleigh, NC
USA
Email: alvaro.retana@futurewei.com
11. Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Acee Lindem, Adrian Farrel, Abhay
Roy, Christian Hopps, Dean Cheng, Russ White, Tony Przygienda, Wenhu
Lu, Lin Han, Donald Eastlake, Tony Li, Robert Raszuk, Padmadevi
Pillay Esnault, and Yang Yu for their valuable comments on TTZ.
12. References
12.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-lsr-dynamic-flooding]
Li, T., Psenak, P., Ginsberg, L., Chen, H., Przygienda,
T., Cooper, D., Jalil, L., Dontula, S., and G. Mishra,
"Dynamic Flooding on Dense Graphs", draft-ietf-lsr-
dynamic-flooding-08 (work in progress), December 2020.
[I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing]
Filsfils, C., Previdi, S., Ginsberg, L., Decraene, B.,
Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment Routing
Architecture", draft-ietf-spring-segment-routing-15 (work
in progress), January 2018.
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[ISO10589]
International Organization for Standardization,
"Intermediate System to Intermediate System Intra-Domain
Routing Exchange Protocol for use in Conjunction with the
Protocol for Providing the Connectionless-mode Network
Service (ISO 8473)", ISO/IEC 10589:2002, Nov. 2002.
[RFC1195] Callon, R., "Use of OSI IS-IS for routing in TCP/IP and
dual environments", RFC 1195, DOI 10.17487/RFC1195,
December 1990, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1195>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC5029] Vasseur, JP. and S. Previdi, "Definition of an IS-IS Link
Attribute Sub-TLV", RFC 5029, DOI 10.17487/RFC5029,
September 2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5029>.
[RFC5304] Li, T. and R. Atkinson, "IS-IS Cryptographic
Authentication", RFC 5304, DOI 10.17487/RFC5304, October
2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5304>.
[RFC5305] Li, T. and H. Smit, "IS-IS Extensions for Traffic
Engineering", RFC 5305, DOI 10.17487/RFC5305, October
2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5305>.
[RFC5310] Bhatia, M., Manral, V., Li, T., Atkinson, R., White, R.,
and M. Fanto, "IS-IS Generic Cryptographic
Authentication", RFC 5310, DOI 10.17487/RFC5310, February
2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5310>.
[RFC7142] Shand, M. and L. Ginsberg, "Reclassification of RFC 1142
to Historic", RFC 7142, DOI 10.17487/RFC7142, February
2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7142>.
[RFC8099] Chen, H., Li, R., Retana, A., Yang, Y., and Z. Liu, "OSPF
Topology-Transparent Zone", RFC 8099,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8099, February 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8099>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
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12.2. Informative References
[Clos] Clos, C., "A Study of Non-Blocking Switching Networks",
The Bell System Technical Journal Vol. 32(2), DOI
10.1002/j.1538-7305.1953.tb01433.x, March 1953,
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1953.tb01433.x>.
[RFC5307] Kompella, K., Ed. and Y. Rekhter, Ed., "IS-IS Extensions
in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
(GMPLS)", RFC 5307, DOI 10.17487/RFC5307, October 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5307>.
Authors' Addresses
Huaimo Chen
Futurewei
Boston, MA
USA
Email: huaimo.chen@futurewei.com
Richard Li
Futurewei
2330 Central expressway
Santa Clara, CA
USA
Email: richard.li@futurewei.com
Yi Yang
IBM
Cary, NC
United States of America
Email: yyietf@gmail.com
Anil Kumar S N
RtBrick
, Bangalore
India
Email: anil.ietf@gmail.com
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Yanhe Fan
Casa Systems
USA
Email: yfan@casa-systems.com
Ning So
Plano, TX 75082
USA
Email: ningso01@gmail.com
Vic Liu
USA
Email: liu.cmri@gmail.com
Mehmet Toy
Verizon
USA
Email: mehmet.toy@verizon.com
Lei Liu
Fujitsu
USA
Email: liulei.kddi@gmail.com
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Kiran Makhijani
Futurewei
USA
Email: kiranm@futurewei.com
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