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JMAP for Calendars
draft-ietf-jmap-calendars-02

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Active".
Authors Neil Jenkins , Michael Douglass
Last updated 2020-03-09 (Latest revision 2019-10-28)
Replaces draft-jenkins-jmapcalendars
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Stream WG state WG Document
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Apr 2024
Submit JMAP Calendars document to the IESG
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draft-ietf-jmap-calendars-02

   o  *description*: "String|null" An optional longer-form description
      of the calendar, to provide context in shared environments where
      users need more than just the name.

   o  *color*: "String" The color to be used when displaying events
      associated with the calendar.  The value MUST be a case-
      insensitive color name taken from the CSS3 set of names, defined
      in Section 4.3 of W3C.REC-css3-color-20110607, or a CSS3 RGB color
      hex value.  The color SHOULD have sufficient contrast to be used
      as text on a white background.

   o  *sortOrder*: "UnsignedInt" (default: 0) Defines the sort order of
      calendars when presented in the client's UI, so it is consistent
      between devices.  The number MUST be an integer in the range 0 <=
      sortOrder < 2^31.  A calendar with a lower order should be
      displayed before a calendar with a higher order in any list of
      calendars in the client's UI.  Calendars with equal order SHOULD
      be sorted in alphabetical order by name.  The sorting should take
      into account locale-specific character order convention.

   o  *isSubscribed*: "Boolean" Has the user indicated they wish to see
      this Calendar in their client?  This SHOULD default to false for
      Calendars in shared accounts the user has access to and true for
      any new Calendars created by the user themself.  If false, the
      calendar should only be displayed when the user explicitly
      requests it or to offer it for the user to subscribe to.

   o  *isVisible*: "Boolean" (default: true) Should the calendar's
      events be displayed to the user at the moment?  Clients MUST
      ignore this property if isSubscribed is false.

   o  *includeInAvailability*: "String" (default: all) Should the
      calendar's events be used as part of availability calculation?
      This MUST be one of:

      *  "all": all events are considered.

      *  "attending": events the user is a confirmed or tentative
         participant of are considered.

      *  "none": all events are ignored.

   o  *defaultAlertsWithTime*: "Alert[]" The alerts to apply for events
      where showWithoutTime is false that have "useDefaultAlerts" set.
      See [I-D.ietf-calext-jscalendar], Section 4.5.2 for the definition
      of an Alert object.

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   o  *defaultAlertsWithoutTime*: "Alert[]" The alerts to apply for
      events where showWithoutTime is true that have "useDefaultAlerts"
      set.  See [I-D.ietf-calext-jscalendar], Section 4.5.2 for the
      definition of an Alert object.

   o  *timeZone*: "String|null" The time zone to use for events without
      a time zone when the server needs to resolve them into absolute
      time, e.g., for reminders, queries, or availability calculation.
      The value MUST be a time zone id from the IANA Time Zone Database.
      If "null", the timeZone of the account's associated
      CalendarPrincipal will be used.  Clients SHOULD use this as the
      default for new events in this calendar if set.

   o  *participantIdentities*: "ParticipantIdentity[]|null" (server-set)
      The identities that represent the user in this calendar.  The
      first item in the array is the default.  A *ParticipantIdentity*
      object has the following properties:

      *  *name*: "String" The display name of the participant to use
         when adding this participant to an event, e.g.  "Joe Bloggs".

      *  *type*: "String" The method for sending scheduling messages to
         this identity, e.g. "imip"

      *  *uri*: "String" The URI for sending scheduling messages to this
         identity, e.g. "mailto:foo@example.com"

      The user is an *owner* for an event if the CalendarEvent object
      has a "participants" property, and one of the Participant objects
      has both: a) The "owner" role. b) A "sendTo" property that has
      "type" and "uri" equal to one of the ParticipantIdentity objects
      returned with the calendar.

   o  *shareWith*: "Id[CalendarRights]|null" A map of CalendarPrincipal
      id to rights for principals this calendar is shared with.  The
      pricincipal to which this calendar belongs MUST NOT be in this
      set.  This is null if the user requesting the object does not have
      the mayAdmin right, or if the calendar is not shared with anyone.
      May be modified only if the user has the mayAdmin right.

   o  *shareesActAs*: "String" (immutable; default server-dependent)
      This MUST be one of:

      *  "secretary"

      *  "self"

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      If "self", sharees act as themselves when using this calendar.  If
      "secretary", they act as the pricincipal to which this calendar
      belongs (secretary mode).  If omitted, the default is server
      dependent.  For example, it may be "self" if creating a calendar
      in a CalendarPrincipal representing a group, and "secretary" if
      creating a calendar for an individual.  Users may attempt to set
      this on creation, but the server may reject with an
      "invalidProperties" error if the value is not permissible.

   o  *myRights*: "CalendarRights" (server-set) The set of access rights
      the user has in relation to this Calendar.

   A *CalendarRights* object has the following properties:

   o  *mayReadFreeBusy*: "Boolean" The user may read the free-busy
      information for this calendar as part of a call to
      CalendarPrincipal/getAvailability (see Section XXX).

   o  *mayReadItems*: "Boolean" The user may fetch the events in this
      calendar.

   o  *mayAddItems*: "Boolean" The user may create new events on this
      calendar or move events to this calendar.  For recurring events,
      they may add an override to add an occurrence, or remove an
      existing override that is excluding an occurrence.

   o  *mayUpdatePrivate*: "Boolean" The user may modify the following
      properties on all events in the calendar.  If shareesActAs is
      "self", these properties MUST all be stored per-user, and changes
      do not affect any other user of the calendar.  If shareesActAs is
      "secretary", the values are shared between all users.

      *  keywords

      *  color

      *  freeBusyStatus

      *  useDefaultAlerts

      *  alerts

      The user may also modify the above on a per-occurrence basis for
      recurring events.

   o  *mayRSVP*: "Boolean" The user may modify the
      "participationStatus", "participationComment", "expectReply" and
      "scheduleAgent" properties of any Participant object that is

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      represented in the "participantIdentities" property of the
      calendar.  The user may also modify the above on a per-occurrence
      basis for recurring events.

   o  *mayUpdateOwn*: "Boolean" The user may modify an existing event on
      this calendar if either they are the owner of the event or the
      event has no owner.

   o  *mayUpdateAll*: "Boolean" The user may modify all existing events
      on this calendar.

   o  *mayRemoveOwn*: "Boolean" The user may delete an event or move it
      to a different calendar if either they are the owner of the event
      or the event has no owner.  For recurring events, they may add an
      override to remove an occurrence.

   o  *mayRemoveAll*: "Boolean" The user may delete any event or move it
      to a different calendar.  For recurring events, they may add an
      override to remove an occurrence.

   o  *mayAdmin*: "Boolean" The user may modify sharing for this
      calendar.

   o  *mayDelete*: "Boolean" (server-set) The user may delete the
      calendar itself.  This property MUST be false if the account to
      which this calendar belongs has the _isReadOnly_ property set to
      true.

3.1.  Per-user properties

   The following properties MUST be stored per-user:

   o  name

   o  color

   o  sortOrder

   o  isVisible

3.2.  Calendar/get

   This is a standard "/get" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.1.  The _ids_ argument may be "null" to fetch all at once.

   If mayReadFreeBusy is the only permission the user has, the calendar
   MUST NOT be returned in Calendar/get and Calendar/query; it must

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   behave as though it did not exist.  The data is just used as part of
   CalendarPrincipal/getAvailability.

3.3.  Calendar/changes

   This is a standard "/changes" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.2.

3.4.  Calendar/set

   This is a standard "/set" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.3 but with the following additional request argument:

   o  *onDestroyRemoveEvents*: "Boolean" (default: false)

   If false, any attempt to destroy a Calendar that still has
   CalendarEvents in it will be rejected with a "calendarHasEvents"
   SetError.  If true, any CalendarEvents that were in the Calendar will
   be destroyed.  This SHOULD NOT send scheduling messages to
   participants or create CalendarEventNotification objects.

   The "role" and "shareWith" properties may only be set by users that
   have the mayAdmin right.  The value is shared across all users,
   although users without the mayAdmin right cannot see the value.

   Users can subscribe or unsubscribe to a calendar by setting the
   "isSubscribed" property.  The server MAY forbid users from
   subscribing to certain calendars even though they have permission to
   see them, rejecting the update with a "forbidden" SetError.

   The "timeZone", "includeInAvailability", "defaultAlertsWithoutTime"
   and "defaultAlertsWithTime" properties are stored per-user if the
   calendar "shareesActAs" value is "self", and may be set by any user
   who is subscribed to the calendar.  Otherwise, these properties are
   shared, and may only be set by users that have the mayAdmin right.

   The following properties may be set by anyone who is subscribed to
   the calendar and are all stored per-user:

   o  name

   o  color

   o  sortOrder

   o  isVisible

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   These properties are initially inherited from the owner's copy of the
   calendar, but if set by a sharee that user gets their own copy of the
   property; it does not change for any other principals.  If the value
   of the property in the owner's calendar changes after this, it does
   not overwrite the sharee's value.

   The following extra SetError types are defined:

   For "destroy":

   o  *calendarHasEvent*: The Calendar has at least one CalendarEvent
      assigned to it, and the "onDestroyRemoveEvents" argument was
      false.

4.  Calendar Share Notifications

   The CalendarShareNotification data type records when the user's
   permissions to access a shared calendar changes.
   CalendarShareNotification are only created by the server; users
   cannot create them explicitly.  Notifications are stored in the same
   Account as the CalendarPrincipals.

   Clients SHOULD present the list of notifications to the user and
   allow them to dismiss them.  To dismiss a notification you use a
   standard "/set" call to destroy it.

   The server SHOULD create a CalendarShareNotification whenever the
   user's permissions change on a calendar.  It SHOULD NOT create a
   notification for permission changes to a group principal, even if the
   user is in the group.

4.1.  Auto-deletion of Notifications

   The server MAY limit the maximum number of notifications it will
   store for a user.  When the limit is reached, any new notification
   will cause the previously oldest notification to be automatically
   deleted.

   The server MAY coalesce events if appropriate, or remove events that
   it deems are no longer relevant or after a certain period of time.
   The server SHOULD automatically destroy a notification about a
   calendar if the user subscribes to that calendar.

4.2.  Object Properties

   The *CalendarShareNotification* object has the following properties:

   o  *id*: "String" The id of the CalendarShareNotification.

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   o  *created*: "UTCDate" The time this notification was created.

   o  *changedBy*: "Person" Who made the change.

      *  *name*: "String" The name of the person who made the change.

      *  *email*: "String|null" The email of the person who made the
         change, or null if no email is available.

      *  *calendarPrincipalId*: "String|null" The id of the
         CalendarPrincipal corresponding to the person who made the
         change, or null if no associated princiapal.

   o  *calendarAccountId*: "String" The id of the account where this
      Calendar exists.

   o  *calendarId*: "String" The id of the Calendar that this
      notification is about.

   o  *calendarName*: "String" The name of the Calendar at the time the
      notification was made.

   o  *oldRights*: "CalendarRights|null" The rights the user had before
      the change.

   o  *newRights*: "CalendarRights|null" The rights the user has after
      the change.

4.3.  CalendarShareNotification/get

   This is a standard "/get" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.1.

4.4.  CalendarShareNotification/changes

   This is a standard "/changes" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.2.

4.5.  CalendarShareNotification/set

   This is a standard "/changes" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.3.

   Only destroy is supported; any attempt to create/update MUST be
   rejected with a "forbidden" SetError.

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4.6.  CalendarShareNotification/query

   This is a standard "/query" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.5.

4.6.1.  Filtering

   A *FilterCondition* object has the following properties:

   o  *after*: "UTCDate|null" The creation date must be on or after this
      date to match the condition.

   o  *before*: "UTCDate|null" The creation date must be before this
      date to match the condition.

4.6.2.  Sorting

   The "created" property MUST be supported for sorting.

4.7.  CalendarShareNotification/queryChanges

   This is a standard "/queryChanges" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.6.

5.  Calendar Events

   A *CalendarEvent* object contains information about an event, or
   recurring series of events, that takes place at a particular time.
   It is a JSEvent object, as defined in [I-D.ietf-calext-jscalendar],
   with the following additional properties:

   o  *id*: "Id" The id of the CalendarEvent.  This property is
      immutable.  The id uniquely identifies a JSEvent with a particular
      "uid" and "recurrenceId" within a particular account.

   o  *calendarId*: "Id" The id of the Calendar this event belongs to.

   o  *isDraft*: "Boolean" If true, this event is to be considered a
      draft.  The server will not send any scheduling messages to
      participants or send push notifications for alerts.  This may only
      be set to true upon creation.  Once set to false, the value cannot
      be updated to true.  This property MUST NOT appear in
      "recurrenceOverrides".

   o  *utcStart*: "UTCDate" For simple clients that do not or cannot
      implement time zone support.  Clients should only use this if also
      asking the server to expand recurrences, as you cannot accurately
      expand a recurrence without the original time zone.  This property

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      is calculated at fetch time by the server.  Time zones are
      political and they can and do change at any time.  Fetching
      exactly the same property again may return a different results if
      the time zone data has been updated on the server.  Time zone data
      changes are not considered "updates" to the event.  If set, server
      will convert to the event's current time zone using its current
      time zone data and store the local time.  This is not included by
      default and must be requested explicitly.  Floating events will be
      interpreted as per calendar's time zone property; or if not set,
      the the principal's time zone property.  Note that it is not
      possible to accurately calculate the expansion of recurrence rules
      or recurrence overrides with the utcStart property rather than the
      local start time.  Even simple recurrences such as "repeat weekly"
      may cross a daylight-savings boundary and end up at a different
      UTC time.  Clients that wish to use "utcStart" are RECOMMENDED to
      request the server expand recurrences (see Section XXX).

   o  *utcEnd*: "UTCDate" The server calculates the end time in UTC from
      the start/timeZone/duration properties of the event.  This is not
      included by default and must be requested explicitly.  Like
      utcStart, this is calculated at fetch time if requested and may
      change due to time zone data changes.

   CalendarEvent objects MUST NOT have a "method" property as this is
   only used when representing iTIP [RFC5546] scheduling messages, not
   events in a data store.

5.1.  Attachments

   The Link object, as defined in [I-D.ietf-calext-jscalendar]
   Section 4.2.7, with a "rel" property equal to "enclosure" is used to
   represent attachments.  Instead of mandating an "href" property,
   clients may set a "blobId" property instead to reference a blob of
   binary data in the account, as per [RFC8620] Section 6.

   The server MUST translate this to an embedded "data:" URL [RFC2397]
   when sending the event to a system that cannot access the blob.
   Servers that support CalDAV access to the same data are recommended
   to expose these files as managed attachments [?@RFC8607].

5.2.  Per-user properties

   In shared calendars where "shareesActAs" is "self", the following
   properties MUST be stored per-user:

   o  keywords

   o  color

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   o  freeBusyStatus

   o  useDefaultAlerts

   o  alerts

   The user may also modify these properties on a per-occurrence basis
   for recurring events; again, these MUST be stored per-user.

   When writing per-user properties, the "updated" property MUST also be
   stored just for that user.  When fetching the "updated" property, the
   value to return is whichever is later of the per-user updated time or
   the updated time of the master event.

5.3.  Recurring events

   Events may recur, in which case they represent multiple occurrences
   or instances.  The data store will either contain a single master
   event, containing a recurrence rule and/or recurrence overrides; or,
   a set of individual instances (when invited to specific occurrences
   only).

   The client may ask the server to expand recurrences within a specific
   time range in "CalendarEvent/query".  This will generate synthetic
   ids representing individual instances in the requested time range.
   The client can fetch and update the objects using these ids and the
   server will make the appropriate changes to the master event.
   Synthetic ids do not appear in "CalendarEvent/changes" responses;
   only the ids of events as actually stored on the server.

   If the user is invited to specific instances then later added to the
   master event, "CalendarEvent/changes" will show the ids of all the
   individual instances being destroyed and the id for the master event
   being created.

5.4.  Updating for "this-and-future"

   When editing a recurring event, you can either update the master
   event (affecting all instances unless overriden) or update an
   override for a specific occurrence.  To update all occurrences from a
   specific point onwards, there are therefore two options: split the
   event, or update the master and override all occurrences before the
   split point back to their original values.

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5.4.1.  Splitting an event

   If the event is not scheduled (has no participants), the simplest
   thing to do is to duplicate the event, modifying the recurrence rules
   of the original so it finishes before the split point, and the
   duplicate so it starts at the split point.  As per JSCalendar
   {TODO:ref} Section 4.1.3, a "next" and "first" relation MUST be set
   on the new objects respectively.

   Splitting an event however is problematic in the case of a scheduled
   event, because the iTIP messages generated make it appear like two
   unrelated changes, which can be confusing.

5.4.2.  Updating the master and overriding previous

   For scheduled events, a better approach is to avoid splitting and
   instead update the master event with the new property value for "this
   and future", then create overrides for all occurrences before the
   split point to restore the property to its previous value.  Indeed,
   this may be the only option the user has permission to do if not an
   owner of the event.

   Clients may choose to skip creating the overrides if the old data is
   not important, for example if the "alerts" property is being updated,
   it is probably not important to create overrides for events in the
   past with the alerts that have already fired.

5.5.  CalendarEvent/get

   This is a standard "/get" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.1, with three extra arguments:

   o  *recurrenceOverridesBefore*: "UTCDate|null" If given, only
      recurrence overrides with a recurrence id on or after this date
      (when translated into UTC) will be returned.

   o  *recurrenceOverridesAfter*: "UTCDate|null" If given, only
      recurrence overrides with a recurrence id before this date (when
      translated into UTC) will be returned.

   o  *reduceParticipants*: "Boolean" (default: false) If true, only
      participants with the "owner" role or corresponding to the user's
      participant identities will be returned in the "participants"
      property of the master event and any recurrence overrides.  If
      false, all participants will be returned.

   A CalendarEvent object is a JSEvent object so may have arbitrary
   properties.  If the client makes a "CalendarEvent/get" call with a

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   null or omitted "properties" argument, all properties defined on the
   JSEvent object in the store are returned, along with the "id",
   "calendarId", and "isDraft" properties.  The "utcStart" and "utcEnd"
   computed properties are only returned if explicitly requested.  If
   either are requested, the "recurrenceOverrides" property MUST NOT be
   requested (recurrence overrides cannot be interpreted accurately with
   just the UTC times).

   If specific properties are requested from the JSEvent and the
   property is not present on the object in the server's store, the
   server SHOULD return the default value if known for that property.

   A requested id may represent a single instance of a recurring event
   if the client asked the server to expand recurrences in
   "CalendarEvent/query".  In such a case, the server will resolve any
   overrides and set the appropriate "start" and "recurrenceId"
   properties on the CalendarEvent object returned to the client.  The
   "recurrenceRule" and "recurrenceOverrides" properties MUST be
   returned as null if requested for such an event.

   An event with the same uid/recurrenceId may appear in different
   accounts.  Clients may coalesce the view of such events, but must be
   aware that the data may be different in the different accounts due to
   per-user properties, difference in permissions etc.

   The "privacy" property of a JSEvent object allows the owner to
   override how sharees of the calendar see the event.  If this is set
   to "private", when a sharee fetches the event the server MUST only
   return the basic time and metadata properties of the JSEvent object
   as specified in [I-D.ietf-calext-jscalendar], Section 4.4.3.  If set
   to "secret", the server MUST behave as though the event does not
   exist for all users other than the owner.

5.6.  CalendarEvent/changes

   This is a standard "/changes" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.2.

5.7.  CalendarEvent/set

   This is a standard "/set" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.3, with the following extra argument:

   o  *sendSchedulingMessages*: "Boolean" (default: true) If true then
      any changes to scheduled events will be sent to all the
      participants (if the user is an owner of the event) or back to the
      owners (otherwise).  If false, the changes only affect this
      calendar and no scheduling messages will be sent.

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   For recurring events, an id may represent the master event or a
   specific instance.  When the id for a specific instance is given, the
   server MUST process an update as an update to the recurrence override
   for that instance on the master event, and a destroy as removing just
   that instance.

   Clients MUST NOT send an update/destroy to both the master event and
   a specific instance in a single "/set" request; the result of this is
   undefined.

   Servers MUST enforce the user's permissions as returned in the
   "myRights" property of the Calendar object and reject changes with a
   "forbidden" SetError if not allowed.

   The "privacy" property MUST NOT be set to anything other than
   "public" (the default) for events in a calendar that does not belong
   to the user (e.g. a shared team calendar).  The server MUST reject
   this with an "invalidProperties" SetError.

   The server MUST reject attempts to add events with a "participants"
   property where none of the participants correspond to one of the
   calendar's participant identities with a "forbidden" SetError.

   If omitted on create, the server MUST set the following properties to
   an appropriate value:

   o  @type

   o  uid

   o  created

   o  updated

   When modifying the event, the server MUST set the following
   properties if the server is the source of the event and the property
   is not explicitly set in the update:

   o  updated: set to the current time.

   o  sequence: increment by one, unless only per-user properties (see
      Section XXX) were changed.

   The "created" property MUST NOT be updated after creation.  The
   "sequence" property MUST NOT be set to a lower number than its
   current value.  The "method" property MUST NOT be set.  Any attempt
   to do these is rejected with a standard "invalidProperties" SetError.

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   If "utcStart" is set, this is translated into a "start" property
   using the server's current time zone information.  It MUST NOT be set
   in addition to a "start" property and it cannot be set inside
   "recurrenceOverrides"; this MUST be rejected with an
   "invalidProperties" SetError.

   Similarly, the "utcEnd" property is translated into a "duration"
   property if set.  It MUST NOT be set in addition to a "duration"
   property and it cannot be set inside "recurrenceOverrides"; this MUST
   be rejected with an "invalidProperties" SetError.

   The server does not automatically reset the "partipationStatus" or
   "expectReply" properties of a Participant if the event details
   change.  Clients should either be intelligent about whether the
   change necessitates resending RSVP requests, or ask the user whether
   to send them.

   The server MAY enforce that all events have an owner, for example in
   team calendars.  If the user tries to create an event without
   participants in such a calendar, the server MUST automatically add a
   participant with the "owner" role corresponding to one of the user's
   "participantIdentities" for the calendar.

   When creating an event with participants, or adding participants to
   an event that previously did not have participants, the server MUST
   set the "replyTo" property of the event if not present.  Clients
   SHOULD NOT set the replyTo property for events when the user adds
   participants; the server is better positioned to add all the methods
   it supports to receive replies.

5.7.1.  Sending invitations and responses

   Unless "sendSchedulingMessages" is false, the server MUST send
   appropriate iTIP [RFC5546] scheduling messages after successfuly
   creating, updating or destroying a calendar event.

   When determining which scheduling messages to send, the server must
   first establish whether it is the _source_ of the event.  The server
   is the source if it will receive messages sent to any of the methods
   specified in the "replyTo" property of the event.

   Messages are only sent to participants with a "scheduleAgent"
   property set to "server" or omitted.  If the effective
   "scheduleAgent" property is changed:

   o  to "server" from something else: send messages to this participant
      as though the event had just been created.

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   o  from "server" to something else: send messages to this participant
      as though the event had just been destroyed.

   o  any other change: do not send any messages to this participant.

   The server may send the scheduling message via any of the methods
   defined on the sendTo property of a participant (if the server is the
   source) or the replyTo property of the event (otherwise) that it
   supports.  If no supported methods are available, the server MUST
   reject the change with a "noSupportedScheduleMethods" SetError.

   If the server is the source of the event it MUST NOT send messages to
   any participant corresponding to the participantIdentities of the
   calendar it is in.

   If sending via iMIP [RFC6047], the server MAY choose to only send
   updates it deems "essential" to avoid flooding the recipient's email
   with changes they do not care about.  For example, changes to the
   participationStatus of another participant, or changes to events
   solely in the past may be omitted.

5.7.1.1.  REQUEST

   When the server is the source for the event, a REQUEST message
   ([RFC5546], Section 3.2.2) is sent to all current participants if:

   o  The event is being created.

   o  Any non per-user property (see Section XXX) is updated on the
      event (including adding/removing participants), except if just
      modifying the recurrenceOverrides such that CANCEL messages are
      generated (see the next section).

   Note, if the only change is adding an additional instance (not
   generated by the event's recurrence rule) to the recurrenceOverrides,
   this MAY be handled via sending an ADD message ([RFC5546],
   Section 3.2.4) for the single instance rather than a REQUEST message
   for the master.  However, for interoperability reasons this is not
   recommended due to poor support in the wild for this type of message.

   The server MUST ensure participants are only sent information about
   recurrence instances they are added to when sending scheduling
   messages for recurring events.  If the participant is not invited to
   the master recurring event but only individual instances, scheduling
   messages MUST be sent for just those expanded occurrences
   individually.  If a participant is invited to a recurring event, but
   removed via a recurrence override from a particular instance, any
   scheduling messages to this participant MUST return the instance as

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   "excluded" (if it matches a recurrence rule for the event) or omit
   the instance entirely (otherwise).

5.7.1.2.  CANCEL

   When the server is the source for the event, a CANCEL message
   ([RFC5546], Section 3.2.5) is sent if:

   o  A participant is removed from either the master event or a single
      instance (the message is only sent to this participant; remaining
      participants will get a REQUEST, as described above).

   o  The event is destroyed.

   o  An exclusion is added to recurrenceOverrides to remove an instance
      generated by the event's recurrence rule.

   o  An additional instance (not generated by the event's recurrence
      rule) is removed from the recurrenceOverrides.

   In each of the latter 3 cases, the message is sent to all
   participants.

5.7.1.3.  REPLY

   When the server is _not_ the source for the event, a REPLY message
   ([RFC5546], Section 3.2.3) is sent for any participant corresponding
   to the participantIdentities of the calendar it is in if:

   o  The "participationStatus" property of the participant is changed.

   o  The event is destroyed and the participationStatus was not "needs-
      action".

   o  The event is created and the participationStatus is not "needs-
      action".

   o  An exclusion is added to recurrenceOverrides to remove an instance
      generated by the event's recurrence rule.

   o  An exclusion is removed from recurrenceOverrides (this is presumed
      to be the client undoing the deletion of a single instance).

   o  An instance not generated by the event's recurrence rule is
      removed from the recurrenceOverrides.

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   o  An instance not generated by the event's recurrence rule is added
      to the recurrenceOverrides (this is presumed to be the client
      undoing the deletion of a single instance).

   A reply is not sent when deleting an event where the current status
   is "needs-action" as if a junk calendar event gets added by an
   automated system, the user MUST be able to delete the event without
   sending a reply.

5.8.  CalendarEvent/copy

   This is a standard "/copy" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.4.

5.9.  CalendarEvent/query

   This is a standard "/query" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.5, with two extra arguments:

   o  *expandRecurrences*: "Boolean" (default: false) If true, the
      server will expand any recurring event.  If true, the filter MUST
      be just a FilterCondition (not a FilterOperator) and MUST include
      both a before and after property.  This ensures the server is not
      asked to return an infinite number of results.

   o  *timeZone*: "String" The time zone for before/after filter
      conditions (default: "Etc/UTC")

   If expandRecurrences is true, a separate id will be returned for each
   instance of a recurring event that matches the query.  This synthetic
   id is opaque to the client, but allows the server to resolve the id +
   recurrence id for "/get" and "/set" operations.  Otherwise, a single
   id will be returned for matching recurring events that represents the
   entire event.

   There is no necessary correspondence between the ids of different
   instances of the same expanded event.

   The following additional error may be returned instead of the
   "CalendarEvent/query" response:

   "cannotCalculateOccurrences": the server cannot expand a recurrence
   required to return the results for this query.

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5.9.1.  Filtering

   A *FilterCondition* object has the following properties:

   o  *inCalendars*: "Id[]|null" A list of calendar ids.  An event must
      be in ANY of these calendars to match the condition.

   o  *after*: "LocalDate|null" The end of the event, or any recurrence
      of the event, in the time zone given as the timeZone argument,
      must be after this date to match the condition.

   o  *before*: "LocalDate|null" The start of the event, or any
      recurrence of the event, in the time zone given as the timeZone
      argument, must be before this date to match the condition.

   o  *text*: "String|null" Looks for the text in the _title_,
      _description_, _locations_ (matching name/description),
      _participants_ (matching name/email) and any other textual
      properties of the event or any recurrence of the event.

   o  *title*: "String|null" Looks for the text in the _title_ property
      of the event, or the overridden _title_ property of a recurrence.

   o  *description*: "String|null" Looks for the text in the
      _description_ property of the event, or the overridden
      _description_ property of a recurrence.

   o  *location*: "String|null" Looks for the text in the _locations_
      property of the event (matching name/description of a location),
      or the overridden _locations_ property of a recurrence.

   o  *owner*: "String|null" Looks for the text in the name or email
      fields of a participant in the _participants_ property of the
      event, or the overridden _participants_ property of a recurrence,
      where the participant has a role of "owner".

   o  *attendee*: "String|null" Looks for the text in the name or email
      fields of a participant in the _participants_ property of the
      event, or the overridden _participants_ property of a recurrence,
      where the participant has a role of "attendee".

   o  *participationStatus*: Must match.  If owner/attendee condition,
      status must be of that participant.  Otherwise any.

   o  *uid*: "String" The uid of the event is exactly the given string.

   If expandRecurrences is true, all conditions must match against the
   same instance of a recurring event for the instance to match.  If

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   expandRecurrences is false, all conditions must match, but they may
   each match any instance of the event.

   If zero properties are specified on the FilterCondition, the
   condition MUST always evaluate to "true".  If multiple properties are
   specified, ALL must apply for the condition to be "true" (it is
   equivalent to splitting the object into one-property conditions and
   making them all the child of an AND filter operator).

   The exact semantics for matching "String" fields is *deliberately not
   defined* to allow for flexibility in indexing implementation, subject
   to the following:

   o  Text SHOULD be matched in a case-insensitive manner.

   o  Text contained in either (but matched) single or double quotes
      SHOULD be treated as a *phrase search*, that is a match is
      required for that exact sequence of words, excluding the
      surrounding quotation marks.  Use "\"", "\'" and "\\" to match a
      literal """, "'" and "\" respectively in a phrase.

   o  Outside of a phrase, white-space SHOULD be treated as dividing
      separate tokens that may be searched for separately in the event,
      but MUST all be present for the event to match the filter.

   o  Tokens MAY be matched on a whole-word basis using stemming (so for
      example a text search for "bus" would match "buses" but not
      "business").

5.9.2.  Sorting

   The following properties MUST be supported for sorting:

   o  start

   o  uid

   o  recurrenceId

   The following properties SHOULD be supported for sorting:

   o  created

   o  updated

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5.10.  CalendarEvent/queryChanges

   This is a standard "/queryChanges" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.6.

5.11.  Examples

   TODO: Add example of how to get event by uid: query uid=foo and
   backref.  Return multiple with recurrenceId set (user invited to
   specific instances of recurring event).

6.  Alerts

   Alerts may be specified on events as described in
   [I-D.ietf-calext-jscalendar], Section 4.5.  If the "useDefaultAlerts"
   property is true, the alerts are taken from the Calendar
   "defaultAlertsWithTime" or "defaultAlertsWithoutTime" property, as
   described in Section XXX.  Otherwise, the alerts are taken from the
   "alerts" property of the CalendarEvent.

   Alerts MUST only be triggered for events in calendars where the user
   is subscribed and either the user owns the calendar or the calendar's
   "shareesActAs" property is "self".

   When an alert with an "email" action is triggered, the server MUST
   send an email to the user to notify them of the event.  The contents
   of the email is implementation specific.  Clients MUST NOT perform an
   action for these alerts.

   When an alert with a "display" action is triggered, clients SHOULD
   display an alert in a platform-appropriate manner to the user to
   remind them of the event.  Clients with a full offline cache of
   events may choose to calculate when alerts should trigger locally.
   Alternatively, they can subscribe to push events from the server.

6.1.  Push events

   Servers that support the "urn:ietf:params:jmap:calendars" capability
   MUST support registering for the pseudo-type "CalendarAlert" in push
   subscriptions and event source connections, as described in
   [RFC8620], Sections 7.2 and 7.3.

   If requested, a CalendarAlert notification will be pushed whenever an
   alert is triggered for the user.  For Event Source connections, this
   notification is pushed as an event called "calendaralert".

   A *CalendarAlert* object has the following properties:

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   o  *@type*: "String" This MUST be the string "CalendarAlert".

   o  *accountId*: "String" The account id for the calendar in which the
      alert triggered.

   o  *calendarEventId*: "String" The CalendarEvent id for the alert
      that triggered.

   o  *uid*: "String" The uid property of the CalendarEvent for the
      alert that triggered.

   o  *recurrenceId*: "String|null" The recurrenceId for the instance of
      the event for which this alert is being triggered, or "null" if
      the event is not recurring.

   o  *alertId*: "String" The id for the alert that triggered.

6.2.  Acknowledging an alert

   To dismiss an alert, clients set the "acknowledged" property of the
   Alert object to the current date-time.  When other clients fetch the
   CalendarEvent with the updated Alert they SHOULD automatically
   dismiss or suppress duplicate alerts (alerts with the same alert id
   that triggered on or before this date-time).

   Setting the "acknowledged" property MUST NOT create a new recurrence
   override.  For a recurring calendar object, the "acknowledged"
   property of the parent object MUST be updated, unless the alert is
   already overridden in the "recurrenceOverrides" property.

6.3.  Snoozing an alert

   Users may wish to dismiss an alert temporarily and have it come back
   after a specific period of time.  To do this, clients MUST:

   1.  Acknowledge the alert as described in Section XXX.

   2.  Add a new alert with an "AbsoluteTrigger" for the date-time the
       alert has been snoozed until.  Add a "relatedTo" property to the
       new alert, setting the "parent" relation to point to the original
       alert.  This MUST NOT create a new recurrence override; it is
       added to the same "alerts" property that contains the alert being
       snoozed.

   When acknowledging a snoozed alert (i.e. one with a parent relatedTo
   pointing to the original alert), the client SHOULD delete the alert
   rather than setting the "acknowledged" property.

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7.  Calendar Event Notifications

   The CalendarEventNotification data type records changes made by
   external entities to events in calendars the user is subscribed to.
   Notifications are stored in the same Account as the CalendarEvent
   that was changed.

   Notifications are only created by the server; users cannot create
   them directly.  Clients SHOULD present the list of notifications to
   the user and allow them to dismiss them.  To dismiss a notification
   you use a standard "/set" call to destroy it.

   The server SHOULD create a CalendarEventNotification whenever an
   event is added, updated or destroyed by another user or due to
   receiving an iTIP [RFC5546] or other scheduling message in a calendar
   this user is subscribed to.  The server SHOULD NOT create
   notifications for events implicitly deleted due to the containing
   calendar being deleted.

7.1.  Auto-deletion of Notifications

   The server MAY limit the maximum number of notifications it will
   store for a user.  When the limit is reached, any new notification
   will cause the previously oldest notification to be automatically
   deleted.

   The server MAY coalesce events if appropriate, or remove events that
   it deems are no longer relevant or after a certain period of time.
   The server SHOULD automatically destroy a notification about an event
   if the user updates or destroys that event (e.g. if the user sends an
   RSVP for the event).

7.2.  Object Properties

   The *CalendarEventNotification* object has the following properties:

   o  *id*: "String" The id of the CalendarEventNotification.

   o  *created*: "UTCDate" The time this notification was created.

   o  *changedBy*: "Person" Who made the change.

      *  *name*: "String" The name of the person who made the change.

      *  *email*: "String" The email of the person who made the change,
         or null if no email is available.

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      *  *calendarPrincipalId*: "String|null" The id of the calendar
         principal corresponding to the person who made the change, if
         any.  This will be null if the change was due to receving an
         iTIP message.

   o  *comment*: "String|null" Comment sent along with the change by the
      user that made it. (e.g.  COMMENT property in an iTIP message).

   o  *type*: "String" This MUST be one of

      *  created

      *  updated

      *  destroyed

   o  *calendarEventId*: "String" The id of the CalendarEvent that this
      notification is about.

   o  *isDraft*: "Boolean" (created/updated only) Is this event a draft?

   o  *event*: "JSEvent" The data before the change (if updated or
      destroyed), or the data after creation (if created).

   o  *eventPatch*: "PatchObject" (updated only) A patch encoding the
      change between the data in the event property, and the data after
      the update.

   To reduce data, if the change only affects a single instance of a
   recurring event, the server MAY set the event and eventPatch
   properties for the instance; the calendarEventId MUST still be for
   the master event.

7.3.  CalendarEventNotification/get

   This is a standard "/get" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.1.

7.4.  CalendarEventNotification/changes

   This is a standard "/changes" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.2.

7.5.  CalendarEventNotification/set

   This is a standard "/changes" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.3.

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   Only destroy is supported; any attempt to create/update MUST be
   rejected with a "forbidden" SetError.

7.6.  CalendarEventNotification/query

   This is a standard "/query" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.5.

7.6.1.  Filtering

   A *FilterCondition* object has the following properties:

   o  *after*: "UTCDate|null" The creation date must be on or after this
      date to match the condition.

   o  *before*: "UTCDate|null" The creation date must be before this
      date to match the condition.

   o  *type*: "String" The type property must be the same to match the
      condition.

   o  *calendarEventIds*: "Id[]|null" A list of event ids.  The
      calendarEventId property of the notification must be in this list
      to match the condition.

7.6.2.  Sorting

   The "created" property MUST be supported for sorting.

7.7.  CalendarEventNotification/queryChanges

   This is a standard "/queryChanges" method as described in [RFC8620],
   Section 5.6.

8.  Security Considerations

   All security considerations of JMAP [RFC8620] and JSCalendar
   [I-D.ietf-calext-jscalendar] apply to this specification.  Additional
   considerations specific to the data types and functionality
   introduced by this document are described in the following
   subsections.

8.1.  Denial-of-service Expanding Recurrences

   Recurrence rules can be crafted to occur as frequently as every
   second.  Servers MUST be careful to not allow resources to be
   exhausted when expanding.  Equally, rules can be generated that never

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   create any occurrences at all.  Servers MUST be careful to limit the
   work spent iterating in search of the next occurrence.

8.2.  Privacy

   TODO.

9.  IANA Considerations

9.1.  JMAP Capability Registration for "calendars"

   IANA will register the "calendars" JMAP Capability as follows:

   Capability Name: "urn:ietf:params:jmap:calendars"

   Specification document: this document

   Intended use: common

   Change Controller: IETF

   Security and privacy considerations: this document, Section XXX

9.2.  Reservation of JMAP attributes in JSCalendar Property registry

   TODO.

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-calext-jscalendar]
              Jenkins, N. and R. Stepanek, "JSCalendar: A JSON
              representation of calendar data", draft-ietf-calext-
              jscalendar-26 (work in progress), March 2020.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2397]  Masinter, L., "The "data" URL scheme", RFC 2397,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2397, August 1998,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2397>.

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   [RFC5546]  Daboo, C., Ed., "iCalendar Transport-Independent
              Interoperability Protocol (iTIP)", RFC 5546,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5546, December 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5546>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8620]  Jenkins, N. and C. Newman, "The JSON Meta Application
              Protocol (JMAP)", RFC 8620, DOI 10.17487/RFC8620, July
              2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8620>.

10.2.  Informative References

   [RFC4791]  Daboo, C., Desruisseaux, B., and L. Dusseault,
              "Calendaring Extensions to WebDAV (CalDAV)", RFC 4791,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4791, March 2007,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4791>.

   [RFC6047]  Melnikov, A., Ed., "iCalendar Message-Based
              Interoperability Protocol (iMIP)", RFC 6047,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6047, December 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6047>.

Authors' Addresses

   Neil Jenkins
   Fastmail
   PO Box 234, Collins St West
   Melbourne  VIC 8007
   Australia

   Email: neilj@fastmailteam.com
   URI:   https://www.fastmail.com

   Michael Douglass
   Spherical Cow Group
   226 3rd Street
   Troy  NY 12180
   United States of America

   Email: mdouglass@sphericalcowgroup.com
   URI:   http://sphericalcowgroup.com

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