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Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Data Channel Specification
draft-ietf-dots-data-channel-18

The information below is for an old version of the document.
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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8783.
Authors Mohamed Boucadair , Tirumaleswar Reddy.K , Kaname Nishizuka , Liang Xia , Prashanth Patil , Andrew Mortensen , Nik Teague
Last updated 2018-07-27
Replaces draft-reddy-dots-data-channel
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draft-ietf-dots-data-channel-18
DOTS                                                   M. Boucadair, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                                    Orange
Intended status: Standards Track                           T. Reddy, Ed.
Expires: January 28, 2019                                         McAfee
                                                            K. Nishizuka
                                                      NTT Communications
                                                                  L. Xia
                                                                  Huawei
                                                                P. Patil
                                                                   Cisco
                                                            A. Mortensen
                                                    Arbor Networks, Inc.
                                                               N. Teague
                                                          Verisign, Inc.
                                                           July 27, 2018

Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Data Channel
                             Specification
                    draft-ietf-dots-data-channel-18

Abstract

   The document specifies a Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
   Signaling (DOTS) data channel used for bulk exchange of data that
   cannot easily or appropriately communicated through the DOTS signal
   channel under attack conditions.

   This is a companion document to the DOTS signal channel
   specification.

Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor)

   Please update these statements within the document with the RFC
   number to be assigned to this document:

   o  "This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX;"

   o  "RFC XXXX: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling
      (DOTS) Data Channel Specification";

   o  reference: RFC XXXX

   Please update these statements with the RFC number to be assigned to
   the following documents:

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   o  "RFC YYYY: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling
      (DOTS) Signal Channel Specification" (used to be
      [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel])

   o  "RFC ZZZZ: Network Access Control List (ACL) YANG Data Model"
      (used to be [I-D.ietf-netmod-acl-model])

   Please update the "revision" date of the YANG module.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 28, 2019.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   3.  DOTS Data Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.1.  Design Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.2.  DOTS Server(s) Discovery  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.3.  NAT Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.4.  DOTS Gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.5.  Detect and Prevent Infinite Loops . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     3.6.  Stale Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   4.  DOTS Data Channel YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.1.  Tree Structure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.2.  Filtering Fields  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     4.3.  YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
   5.  Managing DOTS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
     5.1.  Registering DOTS Clients  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
     5.2.  Uregistering DOTS Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
   6.  Managing DOTS Aliases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
     6.1.  Create Aliases  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
     6.2.  Retrieve Installed Aliases  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
     6.3.  Delete Aliases  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
   7.  Managing DOTS Filtering Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
     7.1.  Retrieve DOTS Filtering Capabilities  . . . . . . . . . .  45
     7.2.  Install Filtering Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
     7.3.  Retrieve Installed Filtering Rules  . . . . . . . . . . .  50
     7.4.  Remove Filtering Rules  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  56
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  57
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  57
   10. Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59
   11. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59
   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  60
   Appendix A.  Sample Examples: Filtering Fragments . . . . . . . .  62
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  65

1.  Introduction

   A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is an attempt to make
   machines or network resources unavailable to their intended users.
   In most cases, sufficient scale can be achieved by compromising
   enough end-hosts and using those infected hosts to perpetrate and
   amplify the attack.  The victim of such attack can be an application
   server, a router, a firewall, an entire network, etc.

   As discussed in [I-D.ietf-dots-requirements], the lack of a common
   method to coordinate a real-time response among involved actors and

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   network domains inhibits the speed and effectiveness of DDoS attack
   mitigation.  From that standpoint, DDoS Open Threat Signaling (DOTS)
   defines an architecture that allows a DOTS client to send requests to
   a DOTS server for DDoS attack mitigation
   [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture].  The DOTS approach is thus meant to
   minimize the impact of DDoS attacks, thereby contributing to the
   enforcement of more efficient defensive if not proactive security
   strategies.  To that aim, DOTS defines two channels: the signal and
   the data channels (Figure 1).

   +---------------+                                 +---------------+
   |               | <------- Signal Channel ------> |               |
   |  DOTS Client  |                                 |  DOTS Server  |
   |               | <=======  Data Channel  ======> |               |
   +---------------+                                 +---------------+

                          Figure 1: DOTS Channels

   The DOTS signal channel is used to carry information about a device
   or a network (or a part thereof) that is under a DDoS attack.  Such
   information is sent by a DOTS client to an upstream DOTS server so
   that appropriate mitigation actions are undertaken on traffic deemed
   suspicious.  The DOTS signal channel is further elaborated in
   [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel].

   As for the DOTS data channel, it is used for infrequent bulk data
   exchange between DOTS agents to significantly improve the
   coordination of all the parties involved in the response to the
   attack.  Section 2 of [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture] mentions that the
   DOTS data channel is used to perform the following tasks:

   o  Creating aliases for resources for which mitigation may be
      requested.

      A DOTS client may submit to its DOTS server a collection of
      prefixes which it would like to refer to by an alias when
      requesting mitigation.  The DOTS server can respond to this
      request with either a success or failure response (see Section 2
      in [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture]).

      Refer to Section 6 for more details.

   o  Filter management, which enables a DOTS client to request the
      installation or withdrawal of traffic filters, dropping or rate-
      limiting unwanted traffic, and permitting white-listed traffic.  A
      DOTS client is entitled to instruct filtering rules only on IP
      resources that belong to its domain.

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      Sample use cases for populating black- or white-list filtering
      rules are detailed hereafter:

      *  If a network resource (DOTS client) detects a potential DDoS
         attack from a set of IP addresses, the DOTS client informs its
         servicing DOTS gateway of all suspect IP addresses that need to
         be blocked or black-listed for further investigation.  The DOTS
         client could also specify a list of protocols and port numbers
         in the black-list rule.

         The DOTS gateway then propagates the black-listed IP addresses
         to a DOTS server which will undertake appropriate actions so
         that traffic originated by these IP addresses to the target
         network (specified by the DOTS client) is blocked.

      *  A network, that has partner sites from which only legitimate
         traffic arrives, may want to ensure that the traffic from these
         sites is not subjected to DDoS attack mitigation.  The DOTS
         client uses the DOTS data channel to convey the white-listed IP
         prefixes of the partner sites to its DOTS server.

         The DOTS server uses this information to white-list flows
         originated by such IP prefixes and which reach the network.

      Refer to Section 7 for more details.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   The reader should be familiar with the terms defined in
   [I-D.ietf-dots-requirements].

   The terminology for describing YANG data modules is defined in
   [RFC7950].  The meaning of the symbols in tree diagrams is defined in
   [RFC8340].

   This document generalizes the notion of Access Control List (ACL) so
   that it is not device-specific [I-D.ietf-netmod-acl-model].  As such,
   this document defines an ACL as an ordered set of rules that is used
   to filter traffic.  Each rule is represented by an Access Control
   Entry (ACE).  ACLs communicated via the DOTS data channel are not
   bound to a device interface.

   For the sake of simplicity, all of the examples in this document use
   "/restconf" as the discovered RESTCONF API root path.  Many protocol

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   header lines and message-body text within examples throughout the
   document are split into multiple lines for display purposes only.
   When a line ends with backslash ('\') as the last character, the line
   is wrapped for display purposes.  It is to be considered to be joined
   to the next line by deleting the backslash, the following line break,
   and the leading whitespace of the next line.

3.  DOTS Data Channel

3.1.  Design Overview

   Unlike the DOTS signal channel, which must remain operational even
   when confronted with signal degradation due to packets loss, the DOTS
   data channel is not expected to be fully operational at all times,
   especially when a DDoS attack is underway.  The requirements for a
   DOTS data channel protocol are documented in
   [I-D.ietf-dots-requirements].

   This specification does not require an order of DOTS signal and data
   channel creations nor mandates a time interval between them.  These
   considerations are implementation- and deployment-specific.

   As the primary function of the data channel is data exchange, a
   reliable transport mode is required in order for DOTS agents to
   detect data delivery success or failure.  This document uses RESTCONF
   [RFC8040] over TLS [RFC5246] over TCP as the DOTS data channel
   protocol.  The abstract layering of DOTS data channel is shown in
   Figure 2.

                           +-------------------+
                           | DOTS Data Channel |
                           +-------------------+
                           |      RESTCONF     |
                           +-------------------+
                           |        TLS        |
                           +-------------------+
                           |        TCP        |
                           +-------------------+
                           |        IP         |
                           +-------------------+

             Figure 2: Abstract Layering of DOTS Data Channel

   The HTTP POST, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE methods are used to edit data
   resources represented by DOTS data channel YANG data modules.  These
   basic edit operations allow the DOTS data channel running
   configuration to be altered by a DOTS client.

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   DOTS data channel configuration information as well as state
   information can be retrieved with the GET method.  An HTTP status-
   line header field is returned for each request to report success or
   failure for RESTCONF operations (Section 5.4 of [RFC8040]).  The
   "error-tag" provides more information about encountered errors
   (Section 7 of [RFC8040]).

   DOTS clients perform the root resource discovery procedure discussed
   in Section 3.1 of [RFC8040] to determine the root of the RESTCONF
   API.  After discovering the RESTCONF API root, a DOTS client uses
   this value as the initial part of the path in the request URI, in any
   subsequent request to the DOTS server.  The DOTS server may support
   the retrieval of the YANG modules it supports (Section 3.7 in
   [RFC8040]).  For example, a DOTS client may use RESTCONF to retrieve
   the vendor-specific YANG modules supported by its DOTS server.

   JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) [RFC8259] payload is used to
   propagate the DOTS data channel specific payload messages that carry
   request parameters and response information, such as errors.  This
   specification uses the encoding rules defined in [RFC7951] for
   representing DOTS data channel configuration data using YANG
   (Section 4) as JSON text.

   A DOTS client registers itself to its DOTS server(s) in order to set
   up DOTS data channel-related configuration data and receive state
   data (i.e., non-configuration data) from the DOTS server(s)
   (Section 5).  Mutual authentication and coupling of signal and data
   channels are specified in [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel].

   A single DOTS data channel between DOTS agents can be used to
   exchange multiple requests and multiple responses.  To reduce DOTS
   client and DOTS server workload, DOTS clients SHOULD re-use the same
   TLS session.  While the communication to the DOTS server is
   quiescent, the DOTS client MAY probe the server to ensure it has
   maintained cryptographic state.  Such probes can also keep alive
   firewall and/or NAT bindings.  A TLS heartbeat [RFC6520] verifies
   that the DOTS server still has TLS state by returning a TLS message.

   A DOTS server may detect conflicting filtering requests from distinct
   DOTS clients which belong to the same domain.  For example, a DOTS
   client could request to blacklist a prefix by specifying the source
   prefix, while another DOTS client could request to whitelist that
   same source prefix, but both having the same destination prefix.  It
   is out of scope of this specification to recommend the behavior to
   follow for handling conflicting requests (e.g., reject all, reject
   the new request, notify an administrator for validation).  DOTS
   servers SHOULD support a configuration parameter to indicate the
   behavior to follow when a conflict is detected.  Section 7.2

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   specifies the behavior when no instruction is supplied to a DOTS
   server.

   How filtering rules instantiated on a DOTS server are translated into
   network configurations actions is out of scope.

3.2.  DOTS Server(s) Discovery

   This document assumes that DOTS clients are provisioned with the
   reachability information of their DOTS server(s) using a variety of
   means (e.g., local configuration, or dynamic means such as DHCP).
   The specification of such means are out of scope of this document.

   Likewise, it is out of scope of this document to specify the behavior
   to be followed by a DOTS client to send DOTS requests when multiple
   DOTS servers are provisioned (e.g., contact all DOTS servers, select
   one DOTS server among the list).

3.3.  NAT Considerations

   In deployments where one or more translators (e.g., NAT44, NAT64,
   NPTv6) are enabled between the client's network and the DOTS server,
   DOTS data channel messages forwarded to a DOTS server MUST NOT
   include internal IP addresses/prefixes and/or port numbers; external
   addresses/prefixes and/or port numbers as assigned by the translator
   MUST be used instead.  This document does not make any recommendation
   about possible translator discovery mechanisms.  The following are
   some (non-exhaustive) deployment examples that may be considered:

   o  Port Control Protocol (PCP) [RFC6887] or Session Traversal
      Utilities for NAT (STUN) [RFC5389] may be used to retrieve the
      external addresses/prefixes and/or port numbers.  Information
      retrieved by means of PCP or STUN will be used to feed the DOTS
      data channel messages that will be sent to a DOTS server.

   o  A DOTS gateway may be co-located with the translator.  The DOTS
      gateway will need to update the DOTS messages, based upon the
      local translator's binding table.

3.4.  DOTS Gateways

   When a server-domain DOTS gateway is involved in DOTS data channel
   exchanges, the same considerations for manipulating the 'cdid'
   (client domain identifier) parameter specified in
   [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel] MUST be followed by DOTS agents.  As a
   reminder, 'cdid' is meant to assist the DOTS server to enforce some
   policies (e.g., limit the number of filtering rules per DOTS client

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   or per DOTS client domain).  A loop detect mechanism for DOTS
   gateways is specified in Section 3.5.

   If a DOTS gateway is involved, the DOTS gateway verifies that the
   DOTS client is authorized to undertake a data channel action (e.g.,
   instantiate filtering rules).  If the DOTS client is authorized, it
   propagates the rules to the upstream DOTS server.  Likewise, the DOTS
   server verifies that the DOTS gateway is authorized to relay data
   channel actions.  For example, to create or purge filters, a DOTS
   client sends its request to its DOTS gateway.  The DOTS gateway
   validates the rules in the request and proxies the requests
   containing the filtering rules to its DOTS server.  When the DOTS
   gateway receives the associated response from the DOTS server, it
   propagates the response back to the DOTS client.

3.5.  Detect and Prevent Infinite Loops

   In order to detect and prevent infinite loops, DOTS gateways MUST
   support the procedure defined in Section 5.7.1 of [RFC7230].  In
   particular, each intermediate DOTS gateway MUST check that none of
   its own information (e.g., server names, literal IP addresses) is
   present in the "Via" header of a DOTS message it receives:

   o  If it detects that its own information is present in the "Via"
      header, the DOTS gateway MUST NOT forward the DOTS message.
      Messages that cannot be forwarded because of a loop SHOULD be
      logged with a "508 Loop Detected" status-line returned sent back
      to the DOTS peer.  The structure of the reported error is depicted
      in Figure 3.

      error-tag:      loop-detected
      error-type:     transport, application
      error-severity: error
      error-info:     <via-header> : A copy of the Via header when
                      the loop was detected.
      Description:    An infinite loop has been detected when forwarding
                      a requests via a proxy.

                       Figure 3: Loop Detected Error

      It is RECOMMENDED that DOTS clients and gateways support means to
      alert administrators about loop errors so that appropriate actions
      are undertaken.

   o  Otherwise, the DOTS agent MUST update or insert the "Via" header
      by appending its own information.

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   Unless configured otherwise, DOTS gateways at the boundaries of a
   DOTS client domain SHOULD remove the previous "Via" header
   information after checking for a loop before forwarding.  This
   behavior is required for topology hiding purposes but also to
   minimizing potential conflicts that may arise if overlapping
   information is used in distinct DOTS domains (e.g., private IPv4
   addresses, non globally unique aliases).

3.6.  Stale Entries

   In order to avoid stale entries, a lifetime is associated with alias
   and filtering entries created by DOTS clients.  Also, DOTS servers
   may track the inactivity timeout of DOTS clients to detect stale
   entries.

4.  DOTS Data Channel YANG Module

4.1.  Tree Structure

   The DOTS data channel YANG module (ietf-dots-data-channel) allows a
   DOTS client to manage aliases for resources for which mitigation may
   be requested.  Such aliases may be used in subsequent DOTS signal
   channel exchanges to refer more efficiently to the resources under
   attack.

   The tree structure for the DOTS alias is depicted in Figure 4.

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   module: ietf-dots-data-channel
       +--rw dots-data
          +--rw dots-client* [cuid]
          |  +--rw cuid            string
          |  +--rw cdid?           string
          |  +--rw aliases
          |  |  +--rw alias* [name]
          |  |     +--rw name                 string
          |  |     +--rw target-prefix*       inet:ip-prefix
          |  |     +--rw target-port-range* [lower-port upper-port]
          |  |     |  +--rw lower-port    inet:port-number
          |  |     |  +--rw upper-port    inet:port-number
          |  |     +--rw target-protocol*     uint8
          |  |     +--rw target-fqdn*         inet:domain-name
          |  |     +--rw target-uri*          inet:uri
          |  |     +--ro pending-lifetime?    int32
          |  +--rw acls
          |     ...
          +--ro capabilities
             ...

                       Figure 4: DOTS Alias Subtree

   Also, the 'ietf-dots-data-channel' module allows DOTS clients to
   manage filtering rules.  Examples of filtering management in a DOTS
   context include, but not limited to:

   o  Black-list management, which enables a DOTS client to inform a
      DOTS server about sources from which traffic should be discarded.

   o  White-list management, which enables a DOTS client to inform a
      DOTS server about sources from which traffic should always be
      accepted.

   o  Filter management, which enables a DOTS client to request the
      installation or withdrawal of traffic filters, dropping or rate-
      limiting unwanted traffic and permitting white-listed traffic.

   The tree structure for the DOTS filtering entries is depicted in
   Figure 5.

   Early versions of this document investigated to what extent
   augmenting 'ietf-access-control-list' meet DOTS requirements, but
   that design approach was abandoned because it does not support
   meeting many of DOTS requirements, e.g.,

   o  Retrieve a filtering entry (or all entries) created by a DOTS
      client.

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   o  Delete a filtering entry that was instantiated by a DOTS client.

   DOTS filtering entries (i.e., Access Control List (ACL)) mimic the
   structure specified in [I-D.ietf-netmod-acl-model].  Concretely, DOTS
   agents are assumed to manipulate an ordered list of ACLs; each ACL
   contains a separately ordered list of Access Control Entries (ACEs).
   Each ACE has a group of match and a group of action criteria.

   Once all the ACE entries have been iterated though with no match,
   then all the following ACL's ACE entries are iterated through until
   the first match at which point the specified action is applied.  If
   there is no match, then there is no action to be taken against the
   packet.

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   module: ietf-dots-data-channel
       +--rw dots-data
          +--rw dots-client* [cuid]
          |  +--rw cuid            string
          |  +--rw cdid?           string
          |  +--rw aliases
          |  |  ...
          |  +--rw acls
          |     +--rw acl* [name]
          |        +--rw name                string
          |        +--rw type?               ietf-acl:acl-type
          |        +--rw activation-type?    enumeration
          |        +--ro pending-lifetime?   int32
          |        +--rw aces
          |           +--rw ace* [name]
          |              +--rw name          string
          |              +--rw matches
          |              |  +--rw (l3)?
          |              |  |  +--:(ipv4)
          |              |  |  |  ...
          |              |  |  +--:(ipv6)
          |              |  |     ...
          |              |  +--rw (l4)?
          |              |     +--:(tcp)
          |              |     |  ...
          |              |     +--:(udp)
          |              |     |  ...
          |              |     +--:(icmp)
          |              |        ...
          |              +--rw actions
          |              |  +--rw forwarding    identityref
          |              |  +--rw rate-limit?   decimal64
          |              +--ro statistics
          |                 +--ro matched-packets?   yang:counter64
          |                 +--ro matched-octets?    yang:counter64
          +--ro capabilities
             ...

                        Figure 5: DOTS ACLs Subtree

   Filtering rules instructed by a DOTS client assumes a default
   direction: the destination is the DOTS client domain.

   DOTS forwarding actions can be 'accept' (i.e., accept matching
   traffic) or 'drop' (i.e., drop matching traffic without sending any
   ICMP error message).  Accepted traffic can be subject to rate
   limiting 'rate-limit'.  Note that 'reject' action (i.e., drop
   matching traffic and send an ICMP error message to the source) is not

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   supported in 'ietf-dots-data-channel' because it is not appropriate
   in the context of DDoS mitigation.  Generating ICMP messages to
   notify drops when mitigating a DDoS attack will exacerbate the DDoS
   attack.  Furthermore, these ICMP messages will be used by an attacker
   as an explicit signal that the traffic is being blocked.

4.2.  Filtering Fields

   The 'ietf-dots-data-channel' module reuses the packet fields module
   'ietf-packet-fields' [I-D.ietf-netmod-acl-model] which defines
   matching on fields in the packet including IPv4, IPv6, and transport
   layer fields.

   This specification defines a new IPv4/IPv6 matching field called
   'fragment' to efficiently handle fragment-related filtering rules.
   Indeed, [I-D.ietf-netmod-acl-model] does not support such capability
   for IPv6 but offers a partial support for IPv4 by means of 'flags'.
   Nevertheless, the use of 'flags' is problematic since it does not
   allow to define a bitmask.  For example, setting other bits not
   covered by the 'flags' filtering clause in a packet will allow that
   packet to get through (because it won't match the ACE).  Sample
   examples to illustrate how 'fragment' can be used are provided in
   Appendix A.

   Figure 6 shows the IPv4 match subtree.

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module: ietf-dots-data-channel
    +--rw dots-data
       +--rw dots-client* [cuid]
       |  ...
       |  +--rw acls
       |     +--rw acl* [name]
       |        ...
       |        +--rw aces
       |           +--rw ace* [name]
       |              +--rw name          string
       |              +--rw matches
       |              |  +--rw (l3)?
       |              |  |  +--:(ipv4)
       |              |  |  |  +--rw ipv4
       |              |  |  |     +--rw dscp?                  inet:dscp
       |              |  |  |     +--rw ecn?                   uint8
       |              |  |  |     +--rw length?                uint16
       |              |  |  |     +--rw ttl?                   uint8
       |              |  |  |     +--rw protocol?              uint8
       |              |  |  |     +--rw ihl?                   uint8
       |              |  |  |     +--rw flags?                 bits
       |              |  |  |     +--rw offset?                uint16
       |              |  |  |     +--rw identification?        uint16
       |              |  |  |     +--rw (destination-network)?
       |              |  |  |     |  +--:(destination-ipv4-network)
       |              |  |  |     |     +--rw destination-ipv4-network?
       |              |  |  |     |             inet:ipv4-prefix
       |              |  |  |     +--rw (source-network)?
       |              |  |  |     |  +--:(source-ipv4-network)
       |              |  |  |     |     +--rw source-ipv4-network?
       |              |  |  |     |             inet:ipv4-prefix
       |              |  |  |     +--rw fragment
       |              |  |  |        +--rw operator?        operator
       |              |  |  |        +--rw type        fragment-type
       |              |  |  +--:(ipv6)
       |              |  |     ...
       |              |  +--rw (l4)?
       |              |     ...
       |              +--rw actions
       |              |  ...
       |              +--ro statistics
       |                 ...
       +--ro capabilities
          ...

                 Figure 6: DOTS ACLs Subtree (IPv4 Match)

   Figure 7 shows the IPv6 match subtree.

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module: ietf-dots-data-channel
    +--rw dots-data
       +--rw dots-client* [cuid]
       |  ...
       |  +--rw acls
       |     +--rw acl* [name]
       |        ...
       |        +--rw aces
       |           +--rw ace* [name]
       |              +--rw name          string
       |              +--rw matches
       |              |  +--rw (l3)?
       |              |  |  +--:(ipv4)
       |              |  |  |  ...
       |              |  |  +--:(ipv6)
       |              |  |     +--rw ipv6
       |              |  |        +--rw dscp?                  inet:dscp
       |              |  |        +--rw ecn?                   uint8
       |              |  |        +--rw length?                uint16
       |              |  |        +--rw ttl?                   uint8
       |              |  |        +--rw protocol?              uint8
       |              |  |        +--rw (destination-network)?
       |              |  |        |  +--:(destination-ipv6-network)
       |              |  |        |     +--rw destination-ipv6-network?
       |              |  |        |             inet:ipv6-prefix
       |              |  |        +--rw (source-network)?
       |              |  |        |  +--:(source-ipv6-network)
       |              |  |        |     +--rw source-ipv6-network?
       |              |  |        |             inet:ipv6-prefix
       |              |  |        +--rw flow-label?
       |              |  |        |       inet:ipv6-flow-label
       |              |  |        +--rw fragment
       |              |  |           +--rw operator?       operator
       |              |  |           +--rw type       fragment-type
       |              |  +--rw (l4)?
       |              |     ...
       |              +--rw actions
       |              |  ...
       |              +--ro statistics
       |                 ...
       +--ro capabilities
          ...

                 Figure 7: DOTS ACLs Subtree (IPv6 Match)

   Figure 8 shows the TCP match subtree.  In addition to the fields
   defined in [I-D.ietf-netmod-acl-model], this specification defines a

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   new TCP matching field, called 'flags-bitmask', to efficiently handle
   TCP flags filtering rules.

module: ietf-dots-data-channel
    +--rw dots-data
       +--rw dots-client* [cuid]
       |  ...
       |  +--rw acls
       |     +--rw acl* [name]
       |        ...
       |        +--rw aces
       |           +--rw ace* [name]
       |              +--rw name          string
       |              +--rw matches
       |              |  +--rw (l3)?
       |              |  |  ...
       |              |  +--rw (l4)?
       |              |     +--:(tcp)
       |              |     |  +--rw tcp
       |              |     |     +--rw sequence-number?          uint32
       |              |     |     +--rw acknowledgement-number?   uint32
       |              |     |     +--rw data-offset?              uint8
       |              |     |     +--rw reserved?                 uint8
       |              |     |     +--rw flags?                    bits
       |              |     |     +--rw window-size?              uint16
       |              |     |     +--rw urgent-pointer?           uint16
       |              |     |     +--rw options?                  uint32
       |              |     |     +--rw flags-bitmask
       |              |     |     |  +--rw operator?            operator
       |              |     |     |  +--rw bitmask                uint16
       |              |     |     +--rw (source-port)?
       |              |     |     |  +--:(source-port-range-or-operator)
       |              |     |     |     +--rw source-port-range-or-operator
       |              |     |     |        +--rw (port-range-or-operator)?
       |              |     |     |           +--:(range)
       |              |     |     |           |  +--rw lower-port
       |              |     |     |           |  |       inet:port-number
       |              |     |     |           |  +--rw upper-port
       |              |     |     |           |          inet:port-number
       |              |     |     |           +--:(operator)
       |              |     |     |              +--rw operator?
       |              |     |     |              |       operator
       |              |     |     |              +--rw port
       |              |     |     |                      inet:port-number
       |              |     |     +--rw (destination-port)?
       |              |     |        +--:(destination-port-range-or-operator)
       |              |     |           +--rw destination-port-range-or-operator
       |              |     |              +--rw (port-range-or-operator)?

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       |              |     |                 +--:(range)
       |              |     |                 |  +--rw lower-port
       |              |     |                 |  |       inet:port-number
       |              |     |                 |  +--rw upper-port
       |              |     |                 |          inet:port-number
       |              |     |                 +--:(operator)
       |              |     |                    +--rw operator?
       |              |     |                    |       operator
       |              |     |                    +--rw port
       |              |     |                            inet:port-number
       |              |     +--:(udp)
       |              |     |  ...
       |              |     +--:(icmp)
       |              |        ...
       |              +--rw actions
       |              |  ...
       |              +--ro statistics
       |                 ...
       +--ro capabilities
          ...

                  Figure 8: DOTS ACLs Subtree (TCP Match)

   Figure 9 shows the UDP and ICMP match subtree.

module: ietf-dots-data-channel
    +--rw dots-data
       +--rw dots-client* [cuid]
       |  ...
       |  +--rw acls
       |     +--rw acl* [name]
       |        ...
       |        +--rw aces
       |           +--rw ace* [name]
       |              +--rw name          string
       |              +--rw matches
       |              |  +--rw (l3)?
       |              |  |  ...
       |              |  +--rw (l4)?
       |              |     +--:(tcp)
       |              |     |  ...
       |              |     +--:(udp)
       |              |     |  +--rw udp
       |              |     |     +--rw length?          uint16
       |              |     |     +--rw (source-port)?
       |              |     |     |  +--:(source-port-range-or-operator)
       |              |     |     |     +--rw source-port-range-or-operator
       |              |     |     |        +--rw (port-range-or-operator)?

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       |              |     |     |           +--:(range)
       |              |     |     |           |  +--rw lower-port
       |              |     |     |           |  |       inet:port-number
       |              |     |     |           |  +--rw upper-port
       |              |     |     |           |          inet:port-number
       |              |     |     |           +--:(operator)
       |              |     |     |              +--rw operator?
       |              |     |     |              |       operator
       |              |     |     |              +--rw port
       |              |     |     |                      inet:port-number
       |              |     |     +--rw (destination-port)?
       |              |     |        +--:(destination-port-range-or-operator)
       |              |     |           +--rw destination-port-range-or-operator
       |              |     |              +--rw (port-range-or-operator)?
       |              |     |                 +--:(range)
       |              |     |                 |  +--rw lower-port
       |              |     |                 |  |       inet:port-number
       |              |     |                 |  +--rw upper-port
       |              |     |                 |          inet:port-number
       |              |     |                 +--:(operator)
       |              |     |                    +--rw operator?
       |              |     |                    |       operator
       |              |     |                    +--rw port
       |              |     |                            inet:port-number
       |              |     +--:(icmp)
       |              |        +--rw icmp
       |              |           +--rw type?             uint8
       |              |           +--rw code?             uint8
       |              |           +--rw rest-of-header?   uint32
       |              +--rw actions
       |              |  ...
       |              +--ro statistics
       |                 ...
       +--ro capabilities
          ...

             Figure 9: DOTS ACLs Subtree (UDP and ICMP Match)

   DOTS implementations MUST support the following matching criteria:

      match based on the IP header (IPv4 and IPv6), match based on the
      transport header (TCP, UDP, and ICMP), and any combination
      thereof.  The same matching fields are used for both ICMP and
      ICMPv6.

   The following match fields MUST be supported by DOTS implementations
   (Table 1):

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   ACL     Mandatory Fields
   Match
   ------- -------------------------------------------------------------
   ipv4    length, protocol, destination-ipv4-network, source-
           ipv4-network, and fragment
   ipv6    length, protocol, destination-ipv6-network, source-
           ipv6-network, and fragment
   tcp     flags-bitmask, source-port-range-or-operator, and
           destination-port-range-or-operator
   udp     length, source-port-range-or-operator, and destination-port-
           range-or-operator
   icmp    type and code

               Table 1: Mandatory DOTS Channel Match Fields

   Implementations MAY support other filtering match fields and actions.
   The 'ietf-dots-data-channel' allows an implementation to expose its
   filtering capabilities.  The tree structure of the 'capabilities' is
   shown in Figure 10.

   module: ietf-dots-data-channel
       +--rw dots-data
          ...
          +--ro capabilities
             +--ro address-family*        enumeration
             +--ro forwarding-actions*    identityref
             +--ro rate-limit?            boolean
             +--ro transport-protocols*   uint8
             +--ro ipv4
             |  +--ro dscp?                 boolean
             |  +--ro ecn?                  boolean
             |  +--ro length?               boolean
             |  +--ro ttl?                  boolean
             |  +--ro protocol?             boolean
             |  +--ro ihl?                  boolean
             |  +--ro flags?                boolean
             |  +--ro offset?               boolean
             |  +--ro identification?       boolean
             |  +--ro source-prefix?        boolean
             |  +--ro destination-prefix?   boolean
             |  +--ro fragment?             boolean
             +--ro ipv6
             |  +--ro dscp?                 boolean
             |  +--ro ecn?                  boolean
             |  +--ro flow-label?           boolean
             |  +--ro length?               boolean
             |  +--ro protocol?             boolean
             |  +--ro hoplimit?             boolean

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             |  +--ro source-prefix?        boolean
             |  +--ro destination-prefix?   boolean
             |  +--ro fragment?             boolean
             +--ro tcp
             |  +--ro sequence-number?          boolean
             |  +--ro acknowledgement-number?   boolean
             |  +--ro data-offset?              boolean
             |  +--ro reserved?                 boolean
             |  +--ro flags?                    boolean
             |  +--ro flags-bitmask?            boolean
             |  +--ro window-size?              boolean
             |  +--ro urgent-pointer?           boolean
             |  +--ro options?                  boolean
             |  +--ro source-port?              boolean
             |  +--ro destination-port?         boolean
             |  +--ro port-range?               boolean
             +--ro udp
             |  +--ro length?             boolean
             |  +--ro source-port?        boolean
             |  +--ro destination-port?   boolean
             |  +--ro port-range?         boolean
             +--ro icmp
                +--ro type?             boolean
                +--ro code?             boolean
                +--ro rest-of-header?   boolean

                Figure 10: Filtering Capabilities Sub-Tree

4.3.  YANG Module

  <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-dots-data-channel@2018-07-25.yang"

  module ietf-dots-data-channel {
    yang-version 1.1;
    namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-data-channel";
    prefix data-channel;

    import ietf-access-control-list {
      prefix ietf-acl;
    }
    import ietf-packet-fields {
      prefix packet-fields;
    }
    import ietf-dots-signal-channel {
      prefix dots-signal;
    }

    organization

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      "IETF DDoS Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Working Group";
    contact
      "WG Web:   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/dots/>
       WG List:  <mailto:dots@ietf.org>

       Editor:  Mohamed Boucadair
                <mailto:mohamed.boucadair@orange.com>

       Editor:  Konda, Tirumaleswar Reddy
                <mailto:TirumaleswarReddy_Konda@McAfee.com>

       Author:  Jon Shallow
                <mailto:jon.shallow@nccgroup.trust>

       Author:  Kaname Nishizuka
                <mailto:kaname@nttv6.jp>

       Author:  Liang Xia
                <mailto:frank.xialiang@huawei.com>

       Author:  Prashanth Patil
                <mailto:praspati@cisco.com>

       Author:  Andrew Mortensen
                <mailto:amortensen@arbor.net>

       Author:  Nik Teague
                <mailto:nteague@verisign.com>";
    description
      "This module contains YANG definition for configuring
       aliases for resources and filtering rules using DOTS
       data channel.

       Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
       authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

       Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
       without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject
       to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License
       set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
       Relating to IETF Documents
       (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

       This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see
       the RFC itself for full legal notices.";

    revision 2018-07-25 {
      description

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        "Initial revision.";
      reference
        "RFC XXXX: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
                   Signaling (DOTS) Data Channel Specification";
    }

    typedef operator {
      type bits {
        bit not {
          position 0;
          description
            "If set, logical negation of operation.";
        }
        bit match {
          position 1;
          description
            "Match bit.  If set, this is a bitwise match operation
             defined as '(data & value) == value'; if unset, (data &
             value) evaluates to TRUE if any of the bits in the value
             mask are set in the data.";
        }
      }
      description
        "How to apply the defined bitmask.";
    }

    grouping tcp-flags {
      leaf operator {
        type operator;
        default match;
        description
          "How to interpret the TCP flags.";
      }
      leaf bitmask {
        type uint16;
        mandatory true;
        description
          "Bitmask values can be encoded as a 1- or 2-byte bitmask.
           When a single byte is specified, it matches byte 13
           of the TCP header, which contains bits 8 though 15
           of the 4th 32-bit word.  When a 2-byte encoding is used,
           it matches bytes 12 and 13 of the TCP header with
           the data offset field having a 'don't care' value.";
      }
      description
        "Operations on TCP flags.";
    }

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    typedef fragment-type {
      type bits {
        bit df {
          position 0;
          description
            "Don't fragment bit for IPv4.
             This bit must be set to 0 for IPv6.";
        }
        bit isf {
          position 1;
          description
            "Is a fragment.";
        }
        bit ff {
          position 2;
          description
            "First fragment.";
        }
        bit lf {
          position 3;
          description
            "Last fragment.";
        }
      }
      description
        "Different fragment types to match against.";
    }

    grouping fragment-fields {
      leaf operator {
        type operator;
        default match;
        description
          "How to interpret the fragment type.";
      }
      leaf type {
        type fragment-type;
        mandatory true;
        description
          "What fragment type to look for.";
      }
      description
        "Operations on fragment types.";
    }

    grouping aliases {
      description
        "Top level container for aliases";

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      list alias {
        key "name";
        description
          "List of aliases";
        leaf name {
          type string;
          description
            "The name of the alias";
        }
        uses dots-signal:target;
        leaf pending-lifetime {
          type int32;
          units "minutes";
          config false;
          description
            "Indicates the pending validity lifetime of the alias
             entry.";
        }
      }
    }

    grouping ports {
      choice source-port {
        container source-port-range-or-operator {
          uses packet-fields:port-range-or-operator;
          description
            "Source port definition.";
        }
        description
          "Choice of specifying the source port or referring to
           a group of source ports.";
      }
      choice destination-port {
        container destination-port-range-or-operator {
          uses packet-fields:port-range-or-operator;
          description
            "Destination port definition.";
        }
        description
          "Choice of specifying a destination port or referring
           to a group of destination ports.";
      }
      description
        "Choice of specifying a source or destination ports.";
    }

    grouping access-lists {
      description

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        "Specifies the ordered set of Access Control Lists.";
      list acl {
        key "name";
        ordered-by user;
        description
          "An Access Control List (ACL) is an ordered list of
           Access Control Entries (ACE). Each Access Control Entry
           has a list of match criteria and a list of actions.";
        leaf name {
          type string {
            length "1..64";
          }
          description
            "The name of the access list.";
          reference
             "RFC ZZZZ: Network Access Control List (ACL)
                        YANG Data Model";
        }
        leaf type {
          type ietf-acl:acl-type;
          description
            "Type of access control list. Indicates the primary intended
             type of match criteria (e.g., IPv4, IPv6) used in the list
             instance.";
          reference
             "RFC ZZZZ: Network Access Control List (ACL)
                        YANG Data Model";
        }
        leaf activation-type {
          type enumeration {
            enum "activate-when-mitigating" {
              value 1;
              description
                "The ACL is installed only when a mitigation is active.
                 The ACL is specific to this DOTS client.";
            }
            enum "immediate" {
              value 2;
              description
                "The ACL is immediately activated.";
            }
          }
          description
            "Indicates whether an ACL is to be installed immediately
             or when a mitigation is active.";
        }
        leaf pending-lifetime {
          type int32;

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          units "minutes";
          config false;
          description
            "Indicates the pending validity lifetime of the alias
             entry.";
        }
        container aces {
          description
            "The Access Control Entries container contains
             a list of ACEs.";
          list ace {
            key "name";
            ordered-by user;
            description
              "List of access list entries.";
            leaf name {
              type string {
                length "1..64";
              }
              description
                "A unique name identifying this Access List
                 Entry (ACE).";
              reference
                "RFC ZZZZ: Network Access Control List (ACL)
                           YANG Data Model";
            }
            container matches {
              description
                "The rules in this set determine what fields will be
                 matched upon before any action is taken on them.

                 If no matches are defined in a particular container,
                 then any packet will match that container.

                 If no matches are specified at all in an ACE, then any
                 packet will match the ACE.";
              reference
                 "RFC ZZZZ: Network Access Control List (ACL)
                            YANG Data Model";

              choice l3 {
                container ipv4 {
                  when "derived-from(../../../../type," +
                       "'ietf-acl:ipv4-acl-type')";
                  uses packet-fields:acl-ip-header-fields;
                  uses packet-fields:acl-ipv4-header-fields;
                  container fragment {
                    description

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                      "Indicates how to handle IPv4 fragments.";
                    uses fragment-fields;
                  }
                  description
                    "Rule set that matches IPv4 header.";
                }
                container ipv6 {
                  when "derived-from(../../../../type," +
                       "'ietf-acl:ipv6-acl-type')";
                  uses packet-fields:acl-ip-header-fields;
                  uses packet-fields:acl-ipv6-header-fields;
                  container fragment {
                    description
                      "Indicates how to handle IPv6 fragments.";
                    uses fragment-fields;
                  }
                  description
                    "Rule set that matches IPv6 header.";
                }
                description
                  "Either IPv4 or IPv6.";
              }
              choice l4 {
                container tcp {
                  uses packet-fields:acl-tcp-header-fields;
                  container flags-bitmask {
                    description
                      "Indicates how to handle TCP flags.";
                    uses tcp-flags;
                  }
                  uses ports;
                  description
                    "Rule set that matches TCP header.";
                }
                container udp {
                  uses packet-fields:acl-udp-header-fields;
                  uses ports;
                  description
                    "Rule set that matches UDP header.";
                }
                container icmp {
                  uses packet-fields:acl-icmp-header-fields;
                  description
                    "Rule set that matches ICMP/ICMPv6 header.";
                }
                description
                  "Can be TCP, UDP, or ICMP/ICMPv6";
              }

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            }
            container actions {
              description
                "Definitions of action for this ACE.";
              leaf forwarding {
                type identityref {
                  base ietf-acl:forwarding-action;
                }
                mandatory true;
                description
                  "Specifies the forwarding action per ACE.";
                reference
                   "RFC ZZZZ: Network Access Control List (ACL)
                              YANG Data Model";
              }
              leaf rate-limit {
                when "../forwarding = 'ietf-acl:accept'" {
                  description
                    "rate-limit valid only when accept action is used";
                }
                type decimal64 {
                  fraction-digits 2;
                }
                description
                  "rate-limit traffic";
              }
            }
            container statistics {
              config false;
              description
                "Aggregate statistics.";
              uses ietf-acl:acl-counters;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

    container dots-data {
      description
        "Main container for DOTS data channel.";
      list dots-client {
        key "cuid";
        description
          "List of DOTS clients.";
        leaf cuid {
          type string;
          description

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            "A unique identifier that is randomly generated by
             a DOTS client to prevent request collisions.";
          reference
            "RFC YYYY: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
                    Signaling (DOTS) Signal Channel Specification";
        }
        leaf cdid {
          type string;
          description
            "A client domain identifier conveyed by a
             server-domain DOTS gateway to a remote DOTS server.";
          reference
            "RFC YYYY: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
                    Signaling (DOTS) Signal Channel Specification";
        }
        container aliases {
          description
            "Set of aliases that are bound to a DOTS client.";
          uses aliases;
        }
        container acls {
          description
            "Access lists that are bound to a DOTS client.";
           uses access-lists;
        }
      }
      container capabilities {
        config false;
        description
          "Match capabilities";
        leaf-list address-family {
          type enumeration {
            enum "ipv4"  {
              description
                "IPv4 is supported.";
            }
            enum "ipv6"  {
              description
                "IPv6 is supported.";
            }
          }
          description
            "Indicates the IP address families supported by
             the DOTS server.";
        }
        leaf-list forwarding-actions {
          type identityref {
              base ietf-acl:forwarding-action;

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          }
          description
            "Supported forwarding action(s).";
        }
        leaf rate-limit {
          type boolean;
          description
            "Support of rate-limit action.";
        }
        leaf-list transport-protocols {
          type uint8;
          description
            "Upper-layer protocol associated with this mapping.

             Values are taken from the IANA protocol registry:
             https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/
             protocol-numbers.xhtml

             For example, this field contains 6 (TCP) for a TCP
             mapping or 17 (UDP) for a UDP mapping.";
        }
        container ipv4 {
          description
            "Indicates IPv4 header fields that are supported to enforce
             ACLs.";
          leaf dscp {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on DSCP.";
          }
          leaf ecn {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on ECN.";
          }
          leaf length {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the Total Length.";
          }
          leaf ttl {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the TTL.";
          }
          leaf protocol {
            type boolean;
            description

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              "Support of filtering based on protocol field.";
          }
          leaf ihl {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the Internet Header
               Length (IHL).";
          }
          leaf flags {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the 'flags'";
          }
          leaf offset {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the 'offset'.";
          }
          leaf identification {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the 'identification'.";
          }
          leaf source-prefix {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the source prefix.";
          }
          leaf destination-prefix {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the destination prefix.";
          }
          leaf fragment {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Indicates the capability of a DOTS server to
               enforce filters on IPv4 fragments. That is 'fragment'
               clause is supported.";
          }
        }
        container ipv6 {
          description
            "Indicates IPv6 header fields that are supported to enforce
             ACLs.";
          leaf dscp {
            type boolean;
            description

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              "Support of filtering based on DSCP.";
          }
          leaf ecn {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on ECN.";
          }
          leaf flow-label {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the Flow label.";
          }
          leaf length {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the Payload Length.";
          }
          leaf protocol {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the Next Header field.";
          }
          leaf hoplimit {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the Hop Limit.";
          }
          leaf source-prefix {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the source prefix.";
          }
          leaf destination-prefix {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the destination prefix.";
          }
          leaf fragment {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Indicates the capability of a DOTS server to
               enforce filters on IPv6 fragments.";
          }
        }
        container tcp {
          description
            "Set of TCP fields that are supported by the DOTS server
             to enfoce filters.";

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          leaf sequence-number {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the TCP sequence number.";
          }
          leaf acknowledgement-number {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the TCP acknowledgement
               number.";
          }
          leaf data-offset {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the TCP data-offset.";
          }
          leaf reserved {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the TCP reserved field.";
          }
          leaf flags {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering, as defined in RFC ZZZZ, based
               on the TCP flags.";
          }
          leaf flags-bitmask {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the TCP flags bitmask.";
          }
          leaf window-size {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the TCP window size.";
          }
          leaf urgent-pointer {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the TCP urgent pointer.";
          }
          leaf options {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the TCP options.";
          }
          leaf source-port {

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            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the source port number.";
          }
          leaf destination-port {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the destination port
               number.";
          }
          leaf port-range {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on a port range.";
          }
        }
        container udp {
          description
            "Set of UDP fields that are supported by the DOTS server
             to enforce filters.";
          leaf length {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the UDP length.";
          }
          leaf source-port {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the source port number.";
          }
          leaf destination-port {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the destination port
               number.";
          }
          leaf port-range {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on a port range.";
          }
        }
        container icmp {
          description
            "Set of ICMP/ICMPv6 fields that are supported by the DOTS
             server to enforce filters.";
          leaf type {
            type boolean;

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            description
              "Support of filtering based on the ICMP/ICMPv6 type.";
          }
          leaf code {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the ICMP/ICMPv6 code.";
          }
          leaf rest-of-header {
            type boolean;
            description
              "Support of filtering based on the ICMP four-bytes
               field.";
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
   <CODE ENDS>

5.  Managing DOTS Clients

5.1.  Registering DOTS Clients

   In order to make use of DOTS data channel, a DOTS client MUST
   register to its DOTS server(s) by creating a DOTS client ('dots-
   client') resource.  To that aim, DOTS clients SHOULD send a POST
   request (shown in Figure 11).

    POST /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data HTTP/1.1
    Host: {host}:{port}
    Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
    {
      "ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-client": [
        {
          "cuid": "string"
        }
      ]
    }

                        Figure 11: POST to Register

   The 'cuid' (client unique identifier) parameter is described below:

   cuid:  A globally unique identifier that is meant to prevent
      collisions among DOTS clients.  This attribute has the same
      meaning, syntax, and processing rules as the 'cuid' attribute
      defined in [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel].

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      DOTS clients MUST use the same 'cuid' for both signal and data
      channels.

      This is a mandatory attribute.

   In deployments where server-domain DOTS gateways are enabled,
   identity information about the origin source client domain SHOULD be
   supplied to the DOTS server.  That information is meant to assist the
   DOTS server to enforce some policies.  These policies can be enforced
   per-client, per-client domain, or both.  Figure 12 shows an example
   of a request relayed by a server-domain DOTS gateway.

    POST /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data HTTP/1.1
    Host: {host}:{port}
    Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
    {
      "ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-client": [
        {
          "cuid": "string",
          "cdid": "string"
        }
      ]
    }

                Figure 12: POST to Register (DOTS Gateway)

   A server-domain DOTS gateway SHOULD add the following attribute:

   cdid:  This attribute has the same meaning, syntax, and processing
      rules as the 'cdid' attribute defined in
      [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel].

      In deployments where server-domain DOTS gateways are enabled,
      'cdid' does not need to be inserted when relaying DOTS methods to
      manage aliases (Section 6) or filtering rules (Section 7).  DOTS
      servers are responsible for maintaining the association between
      'cdid' and 'cuid' for policy enforcement purposes.

      This is an optional attribute.

   A request example to create a 'dots-client' resource is depicted in
   Figure 13.  This request is relayed by a server-domain DOTS gateway
   as hinted by the presence of the 'cdid' attribute.

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    POST /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data HTTP/1.1
    Host: {host}:{port}
    Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
    {
      "ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-client": [
        {
          "cuid": "dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw",
          "cdid": "7eeaf349529eb55ed50113"
        }
      ]
    }

                Figure 13: POST to Register (DOTS gateway)

   DOTS servers MUST limit the number of 'dots-client' resources to be
   created by the same DOTS client to 1 per request.  Requests with
   multiple 'dots-client' resources MUST be rejected by DOTS servers.
   To that aim, the DOTS server MUST rely on the same procedure to
   unambiguously identify a DOTS client as discussed in Section 4.4.1 of
   [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel].

   The DOTS server indicates the result of processing the POST request
   using status-line codes.  Status codes in the range "2xx" codes are
   success, "4xx" codes are some sort of invalid requests and "5xx"
   codes are returned if the DOTS server has erred or is incapable of
   accepting the creation of the 'dots-client' resource.  In particular,

   o  "201 Created" status-line is returned in the response, if the DOTS
      server has accepted the request.

   o  "400 Bad Request" status-line is returned by the DOTS server, if
      the request does not include a 'cuid' parameter.  The error-tag
      "missing-attribute" is used in this case.

   o  "409 Conflict" status-line is returned to the requesting DOTS
      client, if the data resource already exists.  The error-tag
      "resource-denied" is used in this case.

   Once a DOTS client registers itself to a DOTS server, it can
   create/delete/retrieve aliases (Section 6) and filtering rules
   (Section 7).

   A DOTS client MAY use the PUT request (Section 4.5 in [RFC8040]) to
   register a DOTS client within the DOTS server.  An example is shown
   in Figure 14.

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            PUT /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
                /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw HTTP/1.1
            Host: {host}:{port}
            Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
            {
              "ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-client": [
                {
                  "cuid": "dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
                }
              ]
            }

                        Figure 14: PUT to Register

   The DOTS gateway that inserted a 'cdid' in a PUT request, MUST strip
   the 'cdid' parameter in the corresponding response before forwarding
   the response to the DOTS client.

5.2.  Uregistering DOTS Clients

   A DOTS client de-registers from its DOTS server by deleting the
   'cuid' resource.  Resources bound to this DOTS client will be deleted
   by the DOTS server.  An example of de-register request is shown in
   Figure 15.

    DELETE /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
           /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw HTTP/1.1
    Host: {host}:{port}

                   Figure 15: De-register a DOTS Client

6.  Managing DOTS Aliases

   The following sub-sections define means for a DOTS client to create
   aliases (Section 6.1), retrieve one or a list of aliases
   (Section 6.2), and delete an alias (Section 6.3).

6.1.  Create Aliases

   A POST or PUT request is used by a DOTS client to create aliases, for
   resources for which a mitigation may be requested.  Such aliases may
   be used in subsequent DOTS signal channel exchanges to refer more
   efficiently to the resources under attack.

   DOTS clients within the same domain can create different aliases for
   the same resource.

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   The structure of POST requests used to create aliases is shown in
   Figure 16.

    POST /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
         /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw HTTP/1.1
    Host: {host}:{port}
    Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
    {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:aliases": {
       "alias": [
         {
           "name": "string",
           "target-prefix": [
             "string"
           ],
           "target-port-range": [
             {
               "lower-port": integer,
               "upper-port": integer
             }
           ],
           "target-protocol": [
             integer
           ],
           "target-fqdn": [
             "string"
           ],
           "target-uri": [
             "string"
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   }

                     Figure 16: POST to Create Aliases

   The parameters are described below:

   name:  Name of the alias.

      This is a mandatory attribute.

   target-prefix:   Prefixes are separated by commas.  Prefixes are
      represented using Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR) notation
      [RFC4632].  As a reminder, the prefix length must be less than or
      equal to 32 (resp. 128) for IPv4 (resp.  IPv6).

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      The prefix list MUST NOT include broadcast, loopback, or multicast
      addresses.  These addresses are considered as invalid values.  In
      addition, the DOTS server MUST validate that these prefixes are
      within the scope of the DOTS client's domain.  Other validation
      checks may be supported by DOTS servers.

      This is an optional attribute.

   target-port-range:   A range of port numbers.

      The port range is defined by two bounds, a lower port number
      (lower-port) and an upper port number (upper-port).

      When only 'lower-port' is present, it represents a single port
      number.

      For TCP, UDP, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
      [RFC4960], or Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP)
      [RFC4340], the range of port numbers can be, for example,
      1024-65535.

      This is an optional attribute.

   target-protocol:   A list of protocols.  Values are taken from the
      IANA protocol registry [proto_numbers].

      The value '0' has a special meaning for 'all protocols'.

      This is an optional attribute.

   target-fqdn:   A list of Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs).  An
      FQDN is the full name of a resource, rather than just its
      hostname.  For example, "venera" is a hostname, and
      "venera.isi.edu" is an FQDN [RFC1983].

      How a name is passed to an underlying name resolution library is
      implementation- and deployment-specific.  Nevertheless, once the
      name is resolved into one or multiple IP addresses, DOTS servers
      MUST apply the same validation checks as those for 'target-
      prefix'.

      This is an optional attribute.

   target-uri:   A list of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs)
      [RFC3986].

      The same validation checks used for 'target-fqdn' MUST be followed
      by DOTS servers to validate a target URI.

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      This is an optional attribute.

   In POST or PUT requests, at least one of the 'target-prefix',
   'target-fqdn', or 'target-uri' attributes MUST be present.  DOTS
   agents can safely ignore Vendor-Specific parameters they don't
   understand.

   Figure 17 shows a POST request to create an alias called "https1" for
   HTTPS servers with IP addresses 2001:db8:6401::1 and 2001:db8:6401::2
   listening on port number 443.

   POST /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
        /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw HTTP/1.1
   Host: www.example.com
   Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
   {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:aliases": {
       "alias": [
         {
           "name": "https1",
           "target-protocol": [
             6
           ],
           "target-prefix": [
             "2001:db8:6401::1/128",
             "2001:db8:6401::2/128"
           ],
           "target-port-range": [
             {
               "lower-port": 443
             }
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   }

              Figure 17: Example of a POST to Create an Alias

   "201 Created" status-line MUST be returned in the response if the
   DOTS server has accepted the alias.

   "409 Conflict" status-line MUST be returned to the requesting DOTS
   client, if the request is conflicting with an existing alias name.
   The error-tag "resource-denied" is used in this case.

   If the request is missing a mandatory attribute or its contains an
   invalid or unknown parameter, "400 Bad Request" status-line MUST be

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   returned by the DOTS server.  The error-tag is set to "missing-
   attribute", "invalid-value", or "unknown-element" as a function of
   the encountered error.

   If the request is received via a server-domain DOTS gateway, but the
   DOTS server does not maintain a 'cdid' for this 'cuid' while a 'cdid'
   is expected to be supplied, the DOTS server MUST reply with "403
   Forbidden" status-line and the error-tag "access-denied".  Upon
   receipt of this message, the DOTS client MUST register (Section 5).

   A DOTS client uses the PUT request to modify the aliases in the DOTS
   server.  In particular, a DOTS client MUST update its alias entries
   upon change of the prefix indicated in the 'target-prefix'.

   A DOTS server MUST maintain an alias for at least 10080 minutes (1
   week).  If no refresh request is seen from the DOTS client, the DOTS
   server removes expired entries.

6.2.  Retrieve Installed Aliases

   GET request is used to retrieve one or all installed aliases by a
   DOTS client from a DOTS server (Section 3.3.1 in [RFC8040]).  If no
   'name' is included in the request, this is an indication that the
   request is about retrieving all aliases instantiated by the DOTS
   client.

   Figure 18 shows an example to retrieve all the aliases that were
   instantiated by the requesting DOTS client.  The 'content' parameter
   and its permitted values are defined in Section 4.8.1 of [RFC8040].

     GET /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
         /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw\
         /aliases?content=all HTTP/1.1
     Host: {host}:{port}
     Accept: application/yang-data+json

             Figure 18: GET to Retrieve All Installed Aliases

   Figure 19 shows an example of the response message body that includes
   all the aliases that are maintained by the DOTS server for the DOTS
   client identified by the 'cuid' parameter.

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   {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:aliases": {
       "alias": [
         {
           "name": "Server1",
           "target-protocol": [
             6
           ],
           "target-prefix": [
             "2001:db8:6401::1/128",
             "2001:db8:6401::2/128"
           ],
           "target-port-range": [
             {
               "lower-port": 443
             }
           ],
           "pending-lifetime": 3596
         },
         {
           "name": "Server2",
           "target-protocol": [
             6
           ],
           "target-prefix": [
             "2001:db8:6401::10/128",
             "2001:db8:6401::20/128"
           ],
           "target-port-range": [
             {
               "lower-port": 80
             }
           ],
           "pending-lifetime": 9869
         }
       ]
     }
   }

                  Figure 19: An Example of Response Body

   Figure 20 shows an example of a GET request to retrieve the alias
   "Server2" that was instantiated by the DOTS client.

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     GET /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
         /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw\
         /aliases/alias=Server2?content=all HTTP/1.1
     Host: {host}:{port}
     Accept: application/yang-data+json

                    Figure 20: GET to Retrieve an Alias

   If an alias name ('name') is included in the request, but the DOTS
   server does not find that alias name for this DOTS client in its
   configuration data, it MUST respond with a "404 Not Found" status-
   line.

6.3.  Delete Aliases

   DELETE request is used to delete an alias maintained by a DOTS
   server.

   If the DOTS server does not find the alias name, conveyed in the
   DELETE request, in its configuration data for this DOTS client, it
   MUST respond with a "404 Not Found" status-line.

   The DOTS server successfully acknowledges a DOTS client's request to
   remove the alias using "204 No Content" status-line in the response.

   Figure 21 shows an example of a request to delete an alias.

     DELETE /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
            /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw\
            /aliases/alias=Server1 HTTP/1.1
     Host: {host}:{port}

                        Figure 21: Delete an Alias

7.  Managing DOTS Filtering Rules

   The following sub-sections define means for a DOTS client to retrieve
   DOTS filtering capabilities (Section 7.1), create filtering rules
   (Section 7.2), retrieve active filtering rules (Section 7.3), and
   delete a filtering rule (Section 7.4).

7.1.  Retrieve DOTS Filtering Capabilities

   A DOTS client MAY send a GET request to retrieve the filtering
   capabilities supported by a DOTS server.  Figure 22 shows an example
   of such request.

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     GET /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
         /capabilities HTTP/1.1
     Host: {host}:{port}
     Accept: application/yang-data+json

       Figure 22: GET to Retrieve the Capabilities of a DOTS Server

   A DOTS client which issued a GET request to retrieve the filtering
   capabilities supported by its DOTS server, SHOULD NOT request for
   filtering actions that are not supported by that DOTS server.

   Figure 23 shows an example of a response received from a DOTS server
   which only supports the mandatory filtering criteria listed in
   Section 4.1.

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    Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
    {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:capabilities": {
       "address-family": ["ipv4", "ipv6"],
       "forwarding-actions": ["drop", "accept"],
       "rate-limit": true,
       "transport-protocols": [1, 6, 17, 58],
       "ipv4": {
         "length": true,
         "protocol": true,
         "destination-prefix": true,
         "source-prefix": true,
         "fragment": true
       },
       "ipv6": {
         "length": true,
         "protocol": true,
         "destination-prefix": true,
         "source-prefix": true,
         "fragment": true
       },
       "tcp": {
         "flags-bitmask": true,
         "source-port": true,
         "destination-port": true,
         "port-range": true
       },
       "udp": {
         "length": true,
         "source-port": true,
         "destination-port": true,
         "port-range": true
       },
       "icmp": {
         "type": true,
         "code": true
       }
     }
   }

      Figure 23: Reply to a GET Response with Filtering Capabilities

7.2.  Install Filtering Rules

   A POST or PUT request is used by a DOTS client to communicate
   filtering rules to a DOTS server.

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   Figure 24 shows a POST request example to block traffic from
   192.0.2.0/24 and destined to 198.51.100.0/24.  Other examples are
   discussed in Appendix A.

    POST /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
         /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw HTTP/1.1
    Host: {host}:{port}
    Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
    {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:acls": {
       "acl": [
         {
           "name": "sample-ipv4-acl",
           "type": "ipv4-acl-type",
           "activation-type": "activate-when-mitigating",
           "aces": {
             "ace": [
               {
                 "name": "rule1",
                 "matches": {
                   "ipv4": {
                     "destination-ipv4-network": "198.51.100.0/24",
                     "source-ipv4-network": "192.0.2.0/24"
                   }
                 },
                 "actions": {
                   "forwarding": "drop"
                 }
               }
             ]
           }
         }
       ]
     }
    }

                Figure 24: POST to Install Filtering Rules

   The meaning of these parameters is as follows:

   name:  The name of the access list.

      This is a mandatory attribute.

   type:  Indicates the primary intended type of match criteria (e.g.,
      IPv4, IPv6).  It is set to 'ipv4-acl-type' in this example.

      This is an optional attribute.

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   activation-type:  Indicates whether an ACL has to be installed
      immediately or during mitigation time.  If this attribute is not
      provided, the DOTS server MUST use 'activate-when-mitigating' as
      default value.  Filters that are activated only when a mitigation
      is in progress MUST be bound to the DOTS client which created the
      filtering rule.

      This is an optional attribute.

   matches:  Define criteria used to identify a flow on which to apply
      the rule.  It can be "l3" (IPv4, IPv6) or "l4" (TCP, UDP, ..).
      The detailed match parameters are specified in Section 4.

      In this example, an IPv4 matching criteria is used.

      This is an optional attribute.

   destination-ipv4-network:  The destination IPv4 prefix.  DOTS servers
      MUST validate that these prefixes are within the scope of the DOTS
      client's domain.  Other validation checks may be supported by DOTS
      servers.  If this attribute is not provided, the DOTS server
      enforces the ACL on any destination IP address that belong to the
      DOTS client's domain.

      This is a mandatory attribute in requests with an 'activation-
      type' set to 'immediate'.

   source-ipv4-network:  The source IPv4 prefix.

      This is an optional attribute.

   actions:   Actions in the forwarding ACL category can be "drop" or
      "accept".  The "accept" action is used to white-list traffic.  The
      "drop" action is used to black-list traffic.

      Accepted traffic may be subject to "rate-limit"; the allowed
      traffic rate is represented in bytes per second indicated in IEEE
      floating point format [IEEE.754.1985].

      This is a mandatory attribute.

   The DOTS server indicates the result of processing the POST request
   using the status-line header.  Concretely, "201 Created" status-line
   MUST be returned in the response if the DOTS server has accepted the
   filtering rules.  If the request is missing a mandatory attribute or
   contains an invalid or unknown parameter (e.g., a match field not
   supported by the DOTS server), "400 Bad Request" status-line MUST be
   returned by the DOTS server in the response.  The error-tag is set to

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   "missing-attribute", "invalid-value", or "unknown-element" as a
   function of the encountered error.

   If the request is received via a server-domain DOTS gateway, but the
   DOTS server does not maintain a 'cdid' for this 'cuid' while a 'cdid'
   is expected to be supplied, the DOTS server MUST reply with "403
   Forbidden" status-line and the error-tag "access-denied".  Upon
   receipt of this message, the DOTS client MUST register (Figure 11).

   If the request is conflicting with an existing filtering installed by
   another DOTS client of the domain, the DOTS server returns "409
   Conflict" status-line to the requesting DOTS client.  The error-tag
   "resource-denied" is used in this case.

   The "insert" query parameter (Section 4.8.5 of [RFC8040]) MAY be used
   to specify how an access control entry is inserted within an ACL and
   how an ACL is inserted within an ACL set.

   The DOTS client uses the PUT request to modify its filtering rules
   maintained by the DOTS server.  In particular, a DOTS client MUST
   update its filtering entries upon change of the destination-prefix.
   How such change is detected is out of scope.

   A DOTS server MUST maintain a filtering rule for at least 10080
   minutes (1 week).  If no refresh request is seen from the DOTS
   client, the DOTS server removes expired entries.  Typically, a
   refresh request is a PUT request which echoes the content of a
   response to a GET request with all of the read-only parameters
   stripped out (e.g.  pending-lifetime).

7.3.  Retrieve Installed Filtering Rules

   The DOTS client periodically queries the DOTS server to check the
   counters for installed filtering rules.  GET request is used to
   retrieve filtering rules from a DOTS server.  In order to indicate
   which type of data is requested in a GET request, the DOTS client
   sets adequately the 'content' parameter.

   If the DOTS server does not find the access list name conveyed in the
   GET request in its configuration data for this DOTS client, it
   responds with a "404 Not Found" status-line.

   In order to illustrate the intended behavior, consider the example
   depicted in Figure 25.  In reference to this example, the DOTS client
   requests the creation of an immediate ACL called "test-acl-ipv6-udp".

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   PUT /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
       /dots-client=paL8p4Zqo4SLv64TLPXrxA/acls\
       /acl=test-acl-ipv6-udp HTTP/1.1
   Host: {host}:{port}
   Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
   {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:acls": {
       "acl": [
         {
           "name": "test-acl-ipv6-udp",
           "type": "ipv6-acl-type",
           "activation-type": "immediate",
           "aces": {
             "ace": [
               {
                 "name": "test-ace-ipv6-udp",
                 "matches": {
                   "ipv6": {
                     "destination-ipv6-network": "2001:db8:6401::2/127",
                     "source-ipv6-network": "2001:db8:1234::/96",
                     "protocol": 17,
                     "flow-label": 10000
                   },
                   "udp": {
                     "source-port": {
                       "operator": "lte",
                       "port": 80
                     },
                     "destination-port": {
                       "operator": "neq",
                       "port": 1010
                     }
                   }
                 },
                 "actions": {
                   "forwarding": "accept"
                 }
               }
             ]
           }
         }
       ]
     }
   }

         Figure 25: Example of a PUT Request to Create a Filtering

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   The peer DOTS server follows the procedure specified in Section 7.2
   to process the request.  We consider in the following that a positive
   response is sent back to the requesting DOTS client to confirm that
   the "test-acl-ipv6-udp" ACL is successfully installed by the DOTS
   server.

   The DOTS client can issue a GET request to retrieve all its filtering
   rules and the number of matches for the installed filtering rules as
   illustrated in Figure 26. 'content' parameter is set to 'all'.  The
   message body of the response to this GET request is shown in
   Figure 27.

     GET /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
         /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw\
         /acls?content=all HTTP/1.1
     Host: {host}:{port}
     Accept: application/yang-data+json

     Figure 26: Retrieve the Configuration Data and State Data for the
                       Filtering Rules: GET Request

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   {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:acls": {
       "acl": [
         {
           "name": "test-acl-ipv6-udp",
           "type": "ipv6-acl-type",
           "activation-type": "immediate",
           "pending-lifetime":9080,
           "aces": {
             "ace": [
               {
                 "name": "test-ace-ipv6-udp",
                 "matches": {
                   "ipv6": {
                     "destination-ipv6-network": "2001:db8:6401::2/127",
                     "source-ipv6-network": "2001:db8:1234::/96",
                     "protocol": 17,
                     "flow-label": 10000
                   },
                   "udp": {
                     "source-port": {
                       "operator": "lte",
                       "port": 80
                     },
                     "destination-port": {
                       "operator": "neq",
                       "port": 1010
                     }
                   }
                 },
                 "actions": {
                   "forwarding": "accept"
                 }
               }
             ]
           }
         }
       ]
     }
   }

     Figure 27: Retrieve the Configuration Data and State Data for the
                         Filtering Rules: Response

   Also, a DOTS client can issue a GET request to retrieve only
   configuration data related to an ACL as shown in Figure 28.  It does
   so by setting 'content' parameter to 'config'.

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     GET /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
         /dots-client=paL8p4Zqo4SLv64TLPXrxA/acls\
         /acl=test-acl-ipv6-udp?content=config HTTP/1.1
     Host: {host}:{port}
     Accept: application/yang-data+json

   Figure 28: Retrieve the Configuration Data for a Filtering Rule: GET
                                  Request

   A response to this GET request is shown in Figure 29.

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   {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:acls": {
       "acl": [
         {
           "name": "test-acl-ipv6-udp",
           "type": "ipv6-acl-type",
           "activation-type": "immediate",
           "aces": {
             "ace": [
               {
                 "name": "test-ace-ipv6-udp",
                 "matches": {
                   "ipv6": {
                     "destination-ipv6-network": "2001:db8:6401::2/127",
                     "source-ipv6-network": "2001:db8:1234::/96",
                     "protocol": 17,
                     "flow-label": 10000
                   },
                   "udp": {
                     "source-port": {
                       "operator": "lte",
                       "port": 80
                     },
                     "destination-port": {
                       "operator": "neq",
                       "port": 1010
                     }
                   }
                 },
                 "actions": {
                   "forwarding": "accept"
                 }
               }
             ]
           }
         }
       ]
     }
   }

     Figure 29: Retrieve the Configuration Data for a Filtering Rule:
                                 Response

   A DOTS client can also issue a GET request with 'content' parameter
   to 'non-config' to exclusively retrieve non-configuration data bound
   to a given ACL as shown in Figure 28.  A response to this GET request
   is shown in Figure 31.

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     GET /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
         /dots-client=paL8p4Zqo4SLv64TLPXrxA/acls\
         /acl=test-acl-ipv6-udp?content=non-config HTTP/1.1
     Host: {host}:{port}
     Accept: application/yang-data+json

   Figure 30: Retrieve the Non-Configuration Data for a Filtering Rule:
                                GET Request

   {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:acls":  {
       "acl": [
         {
           "name": "test-acl-ipv6-udp",
           "pending-lifetime": 8000,
           "aces": {
             "ace": [
               {
                 "name": "test-ace-ipv6-udp"
               }
             ]
           }
         }
       ]
     }
   }

   Figure 31: Retrieve the Non-Configuration Data for a Filtering Rule:
                                GET Request

7.4.  Remove Filtering Rules

   DELETE request is used by a DOTS client to delete filtering rules
   from a DOTS server.

   If the DOTS server does not find the access list name carried in the
   DELETE request in its configuration data for this DOTS client, it
   MUST respond with a "404 Not Found" status-line.  The DOTS server
   successfully acknowledges a DOTS client's request to withdraw the
   filtering rules using "204 No Content" status-line, and removes the
   filtering rules accordingly.

   Figure 32 shows an example of a request to remove the IPv4 ACL
   "sample-ipv4-acl" created in Section 7.2.

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     DELETE  /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
             /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw/acls\
             /acl=sample-ipv4-acl HTTP/1.1
     Host: {host}:{port}

            Figure 32: Remove a Filtering Rule: DELETE Request

   Figure 33 shows an example of a response received from the server to
   confirm the deletion of "sample-ipv4-acl".

    HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
    Server: Apache
    Date: Fri, 27 Jul 2018 10:05:15 GMT
    Cache-Control: no-cache
    Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
    Content-Length: 0
    Connection: Keep-Alive

               Figure 33: Remove a Filtering Rule: Response

8.  IANA Considerations

   This document requests IANA to register the following URI in the
   "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688]:

            URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-data-channel
            Registrant Contact: The IESG.
            XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   This document requests IANA to register the following YANG module in
   the "YANG Module Names" registry [RFC7950].

           name: ietf-dots-data-channel
           namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-data-channel
           prefix: data-channel
           reference: RFC XXXX

9.  Security Considerations

   RESTCONF security considerations are discussed in [RFC8040].  In
   particular, DOTS agents MUST follow the security recommendations in
   Sections 2 and 12 of [RFC8040].  Also, DOTS agents MUST support the
   mutual authentication TLS profile discussed in Sections 7.1 and 8 of
   [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel].  YANG ACL-specific security
   considerations are discussed in [I-D.ietf-netmod-acl-model].

   Authenticated encryption MUST be used for data confidentiality and
   message integrity.  The interaction between the DOTS agents requires

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   Transport Layer Security (TLS) with a cipher suite offering
   confidentiality protection and the guidance given in [RFC7525] MUST
   be followed to avoid attacks on TLS.

   An attacker may be able to inject RST packets, bogus application
   segments, etc., regardless of whether TLS authentication is used.
   Because the application data is TLS protected, this will not result
   in the application receiving bogus data, but it will constitute a DoS
   on the connection.  This attack can be countered by using TCP-AO
   [RFC5925].  If TCP-AO is used, then any bogus packets injected by an
   attacker will be rejected by the TCP-AO integrity check and therefore
   will never reach the TLS layer.

   In order to prevent leaking internal information outside a client-
   domain, client-side DOTS gateways SHOULD NOT reveal the identity of
   internal DOTS clients (e.g., source IP address, client's hostname)
   unless explicitly configured to do so.

   DOTS servers MUST verify that requesting DOTS clients are entitled to
   enforce filtering rules on a given IP prefix.  That is, only
   filtering rules on IP resources that belong to the DOTS client's
   domain MUST be authorized by a DOTS server.  The exact mechanism for
   the DOTS servers to validate that the target prefixes are within the
   scope of the DOTS client's domain is deployment-specific.

   Rate-limiting DOTS requests, including those with new 'cuid' values,
   from the same DOTS client defends against DoS attacks that would
   result in varying the 'cuid' to exhaust DOTS server resources.  Rate-
   limit policies SHOULD be enforced on DOTS gateways (if deployed) and
   DOTS servers.

   Applying resources quota per DOTS client and/or per DOTS client
   domain (e.g., limit the number of aliases and filters to be install
   by DOTS clients) prevents DOTS server resources to be aggressively
   used by some DOTS clients and ensures, therefore, DDoS mitigation
   usage fairness.  Additionally, DOTS servers may limit the number of
   DOTS clients that can be enabled per domain.

   The presence of DOTS gateways may lead to infinite forwarding loops,
   which is undesirable.  To prevent and detect such loops, a mechanism
   is defined in Section 3.5.

   All data nodes defined in the YANG module which can be created,
   modified, and deleted (i.e., config true, which is the default) are
   considered sensitive.  Write operations applied to these data nodes
   without proper protection can negatively affect network operations.
   Appropriate security measures are recommended to prevent illegitimate
   users from invoking DOTS data channel primitives.  Nevertheless, an

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   attacker who can access a DOTS client is technically capable of
   launching various attacks, such as:

   o  Set an arbitrarily low rate-limit, which may prevent legitimate
      traffic from being forwarded (rate-limit).

   o  Set an arbitrarily high rate-limit, which may lead to the
      forwarding of illegitimate DDoS traffic (rate-limit).

   o  Communicate invalid aliases to the server (alias), which will
      cause the failure of associating both data and signal channels.

   o  Set invalid ACL entries, which may prevent legitimate traffic from
      being forwarded.  Likewise, invalid ACL entries may lead to
      forward DDoS traffic.

10.  Contributors

   The following individuals have contributed to this document:

   o  Dan Wing, Email: dwing-ietf@fuggles.com

   o  Jon Shallow, NCC Group, Email: jon.shallow@nccgroup.trust

11.  Acknowledgements

   Thanks to Christian Jacquenet, Roland Dobbins, Roman Danyliw, Ehud
   Doron, Russ White, Gilbert Clark, and Nesredien Suleiman for the
   discussion and comments.

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel]
              Reddy, T., Boucadair, M., Patil, P., Mortensen, A., and N.
              Teague, "Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
              Signaling (DOTS) Signal Channel Specification", draft-
              ietf-dots-signal-channel-20 (work in progress), May 2018.

   [I-D.ietf-netmod-acl-model]
              Jethanandani, M., Huang, L., Agarwal, S., and D. Blair,
              "Network Access Control List (ACL) YANG Data Model",
              draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-19 (work in progress), April
              2018.

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   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC4632]  Fuller, V. and T. Li, "Classless Inter-domain Routing
              (CIDR): The Internet Address Assignment and Aggregation
              Plan", BCP 122, RFC 4632, DOI 10.17487/RFC4632, August
              2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4632>.

   [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5246>.

   [RFC7230]  Fielding, R., Ed. and J. Reschke, Ed., "Hypertext Transfer
              Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Message Syntax and Routing",
              RFC 7230, DOI 10.17487/RFC7230, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7230>.

   [RFC7525]  Sheffer, Y., Holz, R., and P. Saint-Andre,
              "Recommendations for Secure Use of Transport Layer
              Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security
              (DTLS)", BCP 195, RFC 7525, DOI 10.17487/RFC7525, May
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7525>.

   [RFC7951]  Lhotka, L., "JSON Encoding of Data Modeled with YANG",
              RFC 7951, DOI 10.17487/RFC7951, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7951>.

   [RFC8040]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
              Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.

12.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture]
              Mortensen, A., Andreasen, F., Reddy, T.,
              christopher_gray3@cable.comcast.com, c., Compton, R., and
              N. Teague, "Distributed-Denial-of-Service Open Threat
              Signaling (DOTS) Architecture", draft-ietf-dots-
              architecture-06 (work in progress), March 2018.

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   [I-D.ietf-dots-requirements]
              Mortensen, A., Moskowitz, R., and T. Reddy, "Distributed
              Denial of Service (DDoS) Open Threat Signaling
              Requirements", draft-ietf-dots-requirements-14 (work in
              progress), February 2018.

   [IEEE.754.1985]
              Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
              "Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic", August
              1985.

   [proto_numbers]
              "IANA, "Protocol Numbers"", 2011,
              <http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers>.

   [RFC1983]  Malkin, G., Ed., "Internet Users' Glossary", FYI 18,
              RFC 1983, DOI 10.17487/RFC1983, August 1996,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1983>.

   [RFC3986]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
              Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
              RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>.

   [RFC4340]  Kohler, E., Handley, M., and S. Floyd, "Datagram
              Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP)", RFC 4340,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4340, March 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4340>.

   [RFC4960]  Stewart, R., Ed., "Stream Control Transmission Protocol",
              RFC 4960, DOI 10.17487/RFC4960, September 2007,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4960>.

   [RFC5389]  Rosenberg, J., Mahy, R., Matthews, P., and D. Wing,
              "Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 5389,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5389, October 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5389>.

   [RFC5925]  Touch, J., Mankin, A., and R. Bonica, "The TCP
              Authentication Option", RFC 5925, DOI 10.17487/RFC5925,
              June 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5925>.

   [RFC6520]  Seggelmann, R., Tuexen, M., and M. Williams, "Transport
              Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security
              (DTLS) Heartbeat Extension", RFC 6520,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6520, February 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6520>.

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   [RFC6887]  Wing, D., Ed., Cheshire, S., Boucadair, M., Penno, R., and
              P. Selkirk, "Port Control Protocol (PCP)", RFC 6887,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6887, April 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6887>.

   [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
              RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.

   [RFC8259]  Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.

   [RFC8340]  Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams",
              BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>.

Appendix A.  Sample Examples: Filtering Fragments

   This specification strongly recommends the use of "fragment" for
   handling fragments.

   Figure 34 shows the content of the POST request to be issued by a
   DOTS client to its DOTS server to allow the traffic destined to
   198.51.100.0/24 and UDP port number 53, but to drop all fragmented
   packets.  The following ACEs are defined (in this order):

   o  "drop-all-fragments" ACE: discards all fragments.

   o  "allow-dns-packets" ACE: accepts DNS packets destined to
      198.51.100.0/24.

    POST /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
         /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw HTTP/1.1
    Host: {host}:{port}
    Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
    {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:acls": {
       "acl": [
         {
           "name": "dns-fragments",
           "type": "ipv4-acl-type",
           "aces": {
             "ace": [
               {
                 "name": "drop-all-fragments",
                 "matches": {

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                   "ipv4": {
                     "fragment": {
                       "operator": "match",
                       "type": "isf"
                     }
                   }
                 },
                 "actions": {
                   "forwarding": "drop"
                 }
               }
             ]
             "ace": [
               {
                 "name": "allow-dns-packets",
                 "matches": {
                   "ipv4": {
                     "destination-ipv4-network": "198.51.100.0/24"
                   }
                   "udp": {
                     "destination-port": {
                       "operator": "eq",
                       "port": 53
                   }
                 },
                 "actions": {
                   "forwarding": "accept"
                 }
               }
             ]
           }
         }
       ]
     }
    }

        Figure 34: Filtering IPv4 Fragmented Packets (Recommended)

   Figure 35 shows a POST request example issued by a DOTS client to its
   DOTS server to allow the traffic destined to 2001:db8::/32 and UDP
   port number 53, but to drop all fragmented packets.  The following
   ACEs are defined (in this order):

   o  "drop-all-fragments" ACE: discards all fragments (including atomic
      fragments).  That is, IPv6 packets which include a Fragment header
      (44) are dropped.

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   o  "allow-dns-packets" ACE: accepts DNS packets destined to
      2001:db8::/32.

    POST /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
         /dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw HTTP/1.1
    Host: {host}:{port}
    Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
    {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:acls": {
       "acl": [
         {
           "name": "dns-fragments",
           "type": "ipv6-acl-type",
           "aces": {
             "ace": [
               {
                 "name": "drop-all-fragments",
                 "matches": {
                   "ipv6": {
                     "fragment": {
                       "operator": "match",
                       "type": "isf"
                     }
                   }
                 },
                 "actions": {
                   "forwarding": "drop"
                 }
               }
             ]
             "ace": [
               {
                 "name": "allow-dns-packets",
                 "matches": {
                   "ipv6": {
                     "destination-ipv6-network": "2001:db8::/32"
                   }
                   "udp": {
                     "destination-port": {
                       "operator": "eq",
                       "port": 53
                     }
                   }
                 },
                 "actions": {
                   "forwarding": "accept"
                 }
               }

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             ]
           }
         }
       ]
     }
    }

               Figure 35: Filtering IPv6 Fragmented Packets

Authors' Addresses

   Mohamed Boucadair (editor)
   Orange
   Rennes  35000
   France

   Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com

   Tirumaleswar Reddy (editor)
   McAfee, Inc.
   Embassy Golf Link Business Park
   Bangalore, Karnataka  560071
   India

   Email: kondtir@gmail.com

   Kaname Nishizuka
   NTT Communications
   GranPark 16F 3-4-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku
   Tokyo  108-8118
   Japan

   Email: kaname@nttv6.jp

   Liang Xia
   Huawei
   101 Software Avenue, Yuhuatai District
   Nanjing, Jiangsu  210012
   China

   Email: frank.xialiang@huawei.com

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   Prashanth Patil
   Cisco Systems, Inc.

   Email: praspati@cisco.com

   Andrew Mortensen
   Arbor Networks, Inc.
   2727 S. State St
   Ann Arbor, MI  48104
   United States

   Email: amortensen@arbor.net

   Nik Teague
   Verisign, Inc.
   United States

   Email: nteague@verisign.com

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