Routing and Wavelength Assignment Information Encoding for Wavelength Switched Optical Networks
draft-ietf-ccamp-rwa-wson-encode-16
The information below is for an old version of the document.
| Document | Type |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Greg M. Bernstein , Young Lee , Dan Li , Wataru Imajuku | ||
| Last updated | 2012-08-16 | ||
| Replaces | draft-bernstein-ccamp-wson-encode | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
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draft-ietf-ccamp-rwa-wson-encode-16
Network Working Group G. Bernstein
Internet Draft Grotto Networking
Intended status: Standards Track Y. Lee
Expires: February 2013 D. Li
Huawei
W. Imajuku
NTT
August 16, 2012
Routing and Wavelength Assignment Information Encoding for
Wavelength Switched Optical Networks
draft-ietf-ccamp-rwa-wson-encode-16.txt
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with
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This Internet-Draft will expire on February 16, 2013.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
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Abstract
A wavelength switched optical network (WSON) requires that certain
key information elements are made available to facilitate path
computation and the establishment of label switching paths (LSPs).
The information model described in "Routing and Wavelength
Assignment Information for Wavelength Switched Optical Networks"
shows what information is required at specific points in the WSON.
Part of the WSON information model contains aspects that may be of
general applicability to other technologies, while other parts are
fairly specific to WSONs.
This document provides efficient, protocol-agnostic encodings for
the WSON specific information elements. It is intended that
protocol-specific documents will reference this memo to describe how
information is carried for specific uses. Such encodings can be used
to extend GMPLS signaling and routing protocols. In addition these
encodings could be used by other mechanisms to convey this same
information to a path computation element (PCE).
Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [RFC2119].
Table of Contents
1. Introduction...................................................4
1.1. Revision History..........................................4
1.1.1. Changes from 00 draft................................4
1.1.2. Changes from 01 draft................................5
1.1.3. Changes from 02 draft................................5
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1.1.4. Changes from 03 draft................................5
1.1.5. Changes from 04 draft................................5
1.1.6. Changes from 05 draft................................5
1.1.7. Changes from 06 draft................................5
1.1.8. Changes from 07 draft................................6
1.1.9. Changes from 08 draft................................6
1.1.10. Changes from 09 draft...............................6
1.1.11. Changes from 10 draft...............................6
1.1.12. Changes from 11 draft...............................6
1.1.13. Changes from 12 draft...............................6
1.1.14. Changes from 13 draft...............................6
1.1.15. Changes from 14 draft...............................7
1.1.16. Changes from 15 draft...............................7
2. Terminology....................................................7
3. Resources, Blocks, Sets, and the Resource Pool.................8
3.1. Resource Block Set Field..................................8
4. Resource Pool Accessibility/Availability......................10
4.1. Resource Pool Accessibility Sub-TLV......................10
4.2. Resource Block Wavelength Constraints Sub-TLV............12
4.3. Resource Pool State Sub-TLV..............................14
4.4. Block Shared Access Wavelength Availability sub-TLV......15
5. Resource Properties Encoding..................................16
5.1. Resource Block Information Sub-TLV.......................17
5.2. Optical Interface Class List(s) Sub-Sub-TLV..............17
5.2.1. Optical Interface Class Format......................18
5.3. Input Client Signal List Sub-Sub-TLV.....................19
5.4. Processing Capability List Sub-Sub-TLV...................20
5.4.1. Processing Capabilities Field.......................20
6. Security Considerations.......................................22
7. IANA Considerations...........................................22
8. Acknowledgments...............................................22
APPENDIX A: Encoding Examples....................................23
A.1. Wavelength Converter Accessibility Sub-TLV...............23
A.2. Wavelength Conversion Range Sub-TLV......................25
A.3. An OEO Switch with DWDM Optics...........................25
9. References....................................................28
9.1. Normative References.....................................28
9.2. Informative References...................................28
10. Contributors.................................................30
Authors' Addresses...............................................31
Intellectual Property Statement..................................32
Disclaimer of Validity...........................................32
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1. Introduction
A Wavelength Switched Optical Network (WSON) is a Wavelength
Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical network in which switching is
performed selectively based on the center wavelength of an optical
signal.
[RFC6163] describes a framework for Generalized Multiprotocol Label
Switching (GMPLS) and Path Computation Element (PCE) control of a
WSON. Based on this framework, [WSON-Info] describes an information
model that specifies what information is needed at various points in
a WSON in order to compute paths and establish Label Switched Paths
(LSPs).
This document provides efficient encodings of information needed by
the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) process in a WSON. Such
encodings can be used to extend GMPLS signaling and routing
protocols. In addition these encodings could be used by other
mechanisms to convey this same information to a path computation
element (PCE). Note that since these encodings are relatively
efficient they can provide more accurate analysis of the control
plane communications/processing load for WSONs looking to utilize a
GMPLS control plane.
Note that encodings of information needed by the routing and label
assignment process applicable to general networks beyond WSON are
addressed in a separate document [Gen-Encode]. This document makes
use of the Label Set Field encoding of [Gen-Encode] and refers to it
as a Wavelength Set Field.
1.1. Revision History
1.1.1. Changes from 00 draft
Edits to make consistent with update to [RFC6205], i.e., removal of
sign bit.
Clarification of TBD on connection matrix type and possibly
numbering.
New sections for wavelength converter pool encoding: Wavelength
Converter Set Sub-TLV, Wavelength Converter Accessibility Sub-TLV,
Wavelength Conversion Range Sub-TLV, WC Usage State Sub-TLV.
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Added optional wavelength converter pool TLVs to the composite node
TLV.
1.1.2. Changes from 01 draft
The encoding examples have been moved to an appendix. Classified and
corrected information elements as either reusable fields or sub-
TLVs. Updated Port Wavelength Restriction sub-TLV. Added available
wavelength and shared backup wavelength sub-TLVs. Changed the title
and scope of section 6 to recommendations since the higher level
TLVs that this encoding will be used in is somewhat protocol
specific.
1.1.3. Changes from 02 draft
Removed inconsistent text concerning link local identifiers and the
link set field.
Added E bit to the Wavelength Converter Set Field.
Added bidirectional connectivity matrix example. Added simple link
set example. Edited examples for consistency.
1.1.4. Changes from 03 draft
Removed encodings for general concepts to [Gen-Encode].
Added in WSON signal compatibility and processing capability
information encoding.
1.1.5. Changes from 04 draft
Added encodings to deal with access to resource blocks via shared
fiber.
1.1.6. Changes from 05 draft
Revised the encoding for the "shared access" indicators to only use
one bit each for input and output.
1.1.7. Changes from 06 draft
Removed section on "WSON Encoding Usage Recommendations"
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1.1.8. Changes from 07 draft
Section 3: Enhanced text to clarify relationship between pools,
blocks and resources. Section 3.1, 3.2: Change title to clarify
Pool-Block relationship. Section 3.3: clarify block-resource state.
Section 4: Deleted reference to previously removed RBNF element.
Fixed TLV figures and descriptions for consistent sub-sub-TLV
nomenclature.
1.1.9. Changes from 08 draft
Fixed ordering of fields in second half of sub-TLV example in
Appendix A.1.
Clarifying edits in section 3 on pools, blocks, and resources.
1.1.10. Changes from 09 draft
Fixed the "Block Shared Access Wavelength Availability sub-TLV" of
section 3.4 to use an "RB set field" rather than a single RB ID.
Removed all 1st person idioms.
1.1.11. Changes from 10 draft
Removed remaining 1st person idioms. Updated IANA section. Update
references for newly issued RFCs.
1.1.12. Changes from 11 draft
Fixed length fields in section 4 to be 16 bits, correcting errors in
TLV and field figures. Added a separate section on resources,
blocks, sets and the resource pool. Moved definition of the resource
block set field to this new section.
1.1.13. Changes from 12 draft
Replaced all instances of "ingress" with "input" and all instances
of "egress" with "output".
1.1.14. Changes from 13 draft
C bit of Resource Block Set Field is redundant and was removed,
i.e., has been returned to "Reserved" block and appendix examples
were updated to reflect the change.
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Enhanced section 4.2 encoding to allow for optionality of input or
output wavelength set fields.
Clarified that wavelength set fields use the Label Set field
encoding from [Gen-Encode].
Enhanced section 5.1 encoding to simplify the Modulation and FEC
input and output cases.
1.1.15. Changes from 14 draft
OIC changes per workgroup request. Removed FEC type and modulation
type. Fixed versioning error and return RB identifiers to 32 bits.
1.1.16. Changes from 15 draft
Edits of OIC related text per CCAMP list email.
2. Terminology
CWDM: Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing.
DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing.
FOADM: Fixed Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer.
ROADM: Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer. A reduced port
count wavelength selective switching element featuring input and
output line side ports as well as add/drop side ports.
RWA: Routing and Wavelength Assignment.
Wavelength Conversion. The process of converting an information
bearing optical signal centered at a given wavelength to one with
"equivalent" content centered at a different wavelength. Wavelength
conversion can be implemented via an optical-electronic-optical
(OEO) process or via a strictly optical process.
WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing.
Wavelength Switched Optical Network (WSON): A WDM based optical
network in which switching is performed selectively based on the
center wavelength of an optical signal.
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3. Resources, Blocks, Sets, and the Resource Pool
The optical system to be encoded may contain a pool of resources of
different types and properties for processing optical signals. For
the purposes here a "resource" is an individual entity such as a
wavelength converter or regenerator within the optical node that
acts on an individual wavelength signal.
Since resources tend to be packaged together in blocks of similar
devices, e.g., on line cards or other types of modules, the
fundamental unit of identifiable resource in this document is the
"resource block". A resource block may contain one or more
resources. As resource blocks are the smallest identifiable unit of
processing resource, one should group together resources into blocks
if they have similar characteristics relevant to the optical system
being modeled, e.g., processing properties, accessibility, etc.
This document defines the following sub-TLVs pertaining to resources
within an optical node:
. Resource Pool Accessibility Sub-TLV
. Resource Block Wavelength Constraints Sub-TLV
. Resource Pool State Sub-TLV
. Block Shared Access Wavelength Availability Sub-TLV
. Resource Block Information Sub-TLV
Each of these sub-TLVs works with one or more sets of resources
rather than just a single resource block. This motivates the
following field definition.
3.1. Resource Block Set Field
In a WSON node that includes resource blocks (RB), denoting subsets
of these blocks allows one to efficiently describe common properties
of the blocks and to describe the structure and characteristics, if
non-trivial, of the resource pool. The RB Set field is defined in a
similar manner to the label set concept of [RFC3471].
The information carried in a RB set field is defined by:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action |C| Reserved | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Identifier 1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
: : :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Identifier n |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Action: 8 bits
0 - Inclusive List
Indicates that the TLV contains one or more RB elements that are
included in the list.
2 - Inclusive Range(s)
Indicates that the TLV contains one or more ranges of RBs. Each
individual range is denoted by two 16 bit RB identifiers in a 32 bit
word. The first 16 bits is the RB identifier for the start of the
range and the next 16 bits is the RB identifier for the end of the
range. Note that the Length field is used to determine the number of
ranges.
C (Connectivity bit): Set to 0 to denote fixed (possibly multi-
cast) connectivity; Set to 1 to denote potential (switched)
connectivity. Used in resource pool accessibility sub-TLV. Ignored
elsewhere.
Reserved: 7 bits
This field is reserved. It MUST be set to zero on transmission and
MUST be ignored on receipt.
Length: 16 bits
The total length of this field in bytes.
RB Identifier:
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The RB identifier represents the ID of the resource block which is a
16 bit integer.
Usage Note: the inclusive range "Action" can result in very compact
encoding of resource sets and it can be advantages to number
resource blocks in such a way so that status updates (dynamic
information) can take advantage of this efficiency.
4. Resource Pool Accessibility/Availability
This section defines the sub-TLVs for dealing with accessibility and
availability of resource blocks within a pool of resources. These
include the ResourceBlockAccessibility, ResourceWaveConstraints, and
RBPoolState sub-TLVs.
4.1. Resource Pool Accessibility Sub-TLV
This sub-TLV describes the structure of the resource pool in
relation to the switching device. In particular it indicates the
ability of an input port to reach sets of resources and of a sets of
resources to reach a particular output port. This is the
PoolInputMatrix and PoolOutputMatrix of [WSON-Info].
The resource pool accessibility sub-TLV is defined by:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Connectivity | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Input Link Set Field A #1 |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Set Field A #1 |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Additional Link set and RB set pairs as needed to |
: specify PoolInputMatrix :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Output Link Set Field B #1 |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Set B Field #1 (for output connectivity) |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Additional Link Set and RB set pairs as needed to |
: specify PoolOutputMatrix :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Where
Connectivity indicates how the input/output ports connect to the
resource blocks.
0 -- the device is fixed (e.g., a connected port must go
through the resource block)
1 -- the device is switched (e.g., a port can be configured to
go through a resource but isn't required)
The For the Input and Output Link Set Fields, the Link Set Field
encoding defined in [Gen-Encode] is to be used.
Note that the direction parameter within the Link Set Field is used
to indicate whether the link set is an input or output link set, and
the bidirectional value for this parameter is not permitted in this
sub-TLV.
See Appendix A.1 for an illustration of this encoding.
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4.2. Resource Block Wavelength Constraints Sub-TLV
Resources, such as wavelength converters, etc., may have a limited
input or output wavelength ranges. Additionally, due to the
structure of the optical system not all wavelengths can necessarily
reach or leave all the resources. These properties are described by
using one or more resource wavelength restrictions sub-TLVs as
defined below:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|I|O|B| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Set Field |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Input Wavelength Set Field |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Output Wavelength Set Field |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
I = 1 or 0 indicates the presence or absence of the Input Wavelength
Set Field.
O = 1 or 0 indicates the presence or absence of the Output
Wavelength Set Field.
B = 1 indicates that a single wavelength set field represents both
input and output wavelength constraints.
Currently the only valid combinations of (I,O,B) are (1,0,0),
(0,1,0), (1,1,0), (0,0,1).
RB Set Field:
A set of resource blocks (RBs) which have the same wavelength
restrictions.
Input Wavelength Set Field:
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Indicates the wavelength input restrictions of the RBs in the
corresponding RB set. This field is encoded via the Label Set field
of [Gen-Encode].
Output Wavelength Set Field:
Indicates the wavelength output restrictions of RBs in the
corresponding RB set. This field is encoded via the Label Set field
of [Gen-Encode].
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4.3. Resource Pool State Sub-TLV
The state of the pool is given by the number of resources available
with particular characteristics. A resource block set is used to
encode all or a subset of the resources of interest. The usage state
of resources within a resource block set is encoded as either a list
of 16 bit integer values or a bit map indicating whether a single
resource is available or in use. The bit map encoding is appropriate
when resource blocks consist of a single resource. This information
can be relatively dynamic, i.e., can change when a connection (LSP
is established or torn down.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Set Field |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Usage state |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Where Action = 0 denotes a list of 16 bit integers and Action = 1
denotes a bit map. In both cases the elements of the RB Set field
are in a one-to-one correspondence with the values in the usage RB
usage state area.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action = 0 | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Set Field |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB#1 state | RB#2 state |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB#n-1 state | RB#n state or Padding |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Whether the last 16 bits is a wavelength converter (RB) state or
padding is determined by the number of elements in the RB set field.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action = 1 | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Set Field |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Usage state bitmap |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ...... | Padding bits |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
RB Usage state: Variable Length but must be a multiple of 4 byes.
Each bit indicates the usage status of one RB with 0 indicating the
RB is available and 1 indicating the RB is in used. The sequence of
the bit map is ordered according to the RB Set field with this sub-
TLV.
Padding bits: Variable Length
4.4. Block Shared Access Wavelength Availability sub-TLV
Resources blocks may be accessed via a shared fiber. If this is the
case, then wavelength availability on these shared fibers is needed
to understand resource availability.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|I|E| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Set Field |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Input Available Wavelength Set Field |
: (Optional) :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Output Available Wavelength Set Field |
: (Optional) :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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I bit:
Indicates whether the input available wavelength set field is
included (1) or not (0).
E bit:
Indicates whether the output available wavelength set field is
included (1) or not (0).
RB Set Field:
A Resource Block set in which all the members share the same input
or output fiber or both.
Input Available Wavelength Set Field:
Indicates the wavelengths currently available (not being used) on
the input fiber to this resource block. This field is encoded via
the Label Set field of [Gen-Encode].
Output Available Wavelength Set Field:
Indicates the wavelengths currently available (not being used) on
the output fiber from this resource block. This field is encoded via
the Label Set field of [Gen-Encode].
5. Resource Properties Encoding
Within a WSON network element (NE) there may be resources with
signal compatibility constraints. These resources be regenerators,
wavelength converters, etc... Such resources may also constitute the
network element as a whole as in the case of an electro optical
switch. This section primarily focuses on the signal compatibility
and processing properties of such a resource block.
The fundamental properties of a resource block, such as a
regenerator or wavelength converter, are:
(a) Input constraints (shared input, modulation, FEC, bit rate,
GPID)
(b) Processing capabilities (number of resources in a block,
regeneration, performance monitoring, vendor specific)
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(c) Output Constraints (shared output, modulation, FEC)
5.1. Resource Block Information Sub-TLV
Resource Block descriptor sub-TLVs are used to convey relatively
static information about individual resource blocks including the
resource block compatibility properties, processing properties, and
the number of resources in a block.
This sub-TLV has the following format:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Set Field |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|I|E| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Optical Interface Class List(s) Sub-Sub-TLV (opt) |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Input Client Signal Type Sub-Sub-TLV (opt) |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Input Bit Rate Range List Sub-Sub-TLV (opt) |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Processing Capabilities List Sub-Sub-TLV (opt) |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Where I and E, the shared input/output indicator, is set to 1 if the
resource blocks identified in the RB set field utilized a shared
fiber for input/output access and set to 0 otherwise.
5.2. Optical Interface Class List(s) Sub-Sub-TLV
The list of Optical Interface Class sub-sub-TLV has the following
format:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Reserved |I|E|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Optical Interface Classes |
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The following I and E combination are defined:
I E
0 0 Invalid
1 0 Optical Interface Class List acceptable in input
0 1 Optical Interface Class List available in output
1 1 Optical Interface Class List available on both input and
output.
The Resource Block MAY contain one or more lists according to
input/output flags.
5.2.1. Optical Interface Class Format
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|S| Reserved | OI Code Points |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Optical Interface Class |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Optical Interface Class (Cont.) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Where the first 32 bits of the encoding shall be used to identify
the semantic of the Optical Interface Class in the following way:
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S Standard bit.
S=0, identify not ITU code points
S=1, identify ITU application codes
With S=0, the OI Code Points field can take the following
values:
0: reserved
1: Vendor Specific Optical Interface Class.
With S=1, the OI Code Points field can take the following
values:
0: reserved
1: [ITU-G.698.1] application code.
2: [ITU-G.698.2] application code.
3: [ITU-G.959.1] application code.
In case of ITU Application Code, there should be a mapping between
the string defining the application code and the 64 bits number
implementing the optical interface class.
5.3. Input Client Signal List Sub-Sub-TLV
This sub-sub-TLV contains a list of acceptable input client signal
types.
Type := Input Client Signal List
Value := A list of GPIDs
The acceptable client signal list sub-TLV is a list of Generalized
Protocol Identifiers (GPIDs). GPIDs are assigned by IANA and many
are defined in [RFC3471] and [RFC4328].
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number of GPIDs | GPID #1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
: | :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| GPID #N | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Where the number of GPIDs is an integer greater than or equal to
one.
5.4. Processing Capability List Sub-Sub-TLV
This sub-sub-TLV contains a list of resource processing
capabilities.
Type := Processing Capabilities List
Value := A list of Processing Capabilities Fields
The processing capability list sub-sub-TLV is a list of capabilities
that can be achieved through the referred resources::
1. Regeneration capability
2. Fault and performance monitoring
3. Vendor Specific capability
Note that the code points for Fault and performance monitoring and
vendor specific capability are subject to further study.
5.4.1. Processing Capabilities Field
The processing capability field is then given by:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Processing Cap ID | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Possible additional capability parameters depending upon |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
: the processing ID :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
When the processing Cap ID is "regeneration capability", the
following additional capability parameters are provided in the sub-
TLV:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| T | C | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Where T bit indicates the type of regenerator:
T=0: Reserved
T=1: 1R Regenerator
T=2: 2R Regenerator
T=3: 3R Regenerator
Where C bit indicates the capability of regenerator:
C=0: Reserved
C=1: Fixed Regeneration Point
C=2: Selective Regeneration Point
Note that when the capability of regenerator is indicated to be
Selective Regeneration Pools, regeneration pool properties such as
input and output restrictions and availability need to be specified.
This encoding is to be determined in the later revision.
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6. Security Considerations
This document defines protocol-independent encodings for WSON
information and does not introduce any security issues.
However, other documents that make use of these encodings within
protocol extensions need to consider the issues and risks associated
with, inspection, interception, modification, or spoofing of any of
this information. It is expected that any such documents will
describe the necessary security measures to provide adequate
protection.
7. IANA Considerations
This document provides general protocol independent information
encodings. There is no IANA allocation request for the TLVs defined
in this document. IANA allocation requests will be addressed in
protocol specific documents based on the encodings defined here.
8. Acknowledgments
This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot.
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APPENDIX A: Encoding Examples
A.1. Wavelength Converter Accessibility Sub-TLV
Example:
Figure 1 shows a wavelength converter pool architecture know as
"shared per fiber". In this case the input and output pool matrices
are simply:
+-----+ +-----+
| 1 1 | | 1 0 |
WI =| |, WE =| |
| 1 1 | | 0 1 |
+-----+ +-----+
+-----------+ +------+
| |--------------------->| |
| |--------------------->| C |
/| | |--------------------->| o |
/D+--->| |--------------------->| m |
+ e+--->| | | b
|========>
========>| M| | Optical | +-----------+ | i | Port E1
Port I1 + u+--->| Switch | | WC Pool | | n |
\x+--->| | | +-----+ | | e |
\| | +----+->|WC #1|--+---->| r |
| | | +-----+ | +------+
| | | | +------+
/| | | | +-----+ | | |
/D+--->| +----+->|WC #2|--+---->| C |
+ e+--->| | | +-----+ | | o |
========>| M| | | +-----------+ | m
|========>
Port I2 + u+--->| | | b | Port E2
\x+--->| |--------------------->| i |
\| | |--------------------->| n |
| |--------------------->| e |
| |--------------------->| r |
+-----------+ +------+
Figure 1 An optical switch featuring a shared per fiber wavelength
converter pool architecture.
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This wavelength converter pool can be encoded as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Connectivity=1| Reserved |
Note: I1,I2 can connect to either WC1 or WC2
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action=0 |0| Reserved | Length = 12 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Link Local Identifier = #1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Link Local Identifier = #2 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action=0 |1| Reserved | Length = 8 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB ID = #1 | RB ID = #2 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Note: WC1 can only connect to E1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action=0 |1| Reserved | Length = 8 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Link Local Identifier = #1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action=0 |0| Reserved | Length = 8 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB ID = #1 | zero padding |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Note: WC2 can only connect to E2
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action=0 |1| Reserved | Length = 8 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Link Local Identifier = #2 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action=0 |0| | Length = 8 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB ID = #2 | zero padding |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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A.2. Wavelength Conversion Range Sub-TLV
Example:
This example, based on figure 1, shows how to represent the
wavelength conversion range of wavelength converters. Suppose the
wavelength range of input and output of WC1 and WC2 are {L1, L2, L3,
L4}:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
Note: WC Set
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Action=0 |1| Reserved | Length = 8 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| WC ID = #1 | WC ID = #2 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Note: wavelength input range
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 2 | Num Wavelengths = 4 | Length = 8 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Grid | C.S. | Reserved | n for lowest frequency = 1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Note: wavelength output range
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 2 | Num Wavelengths = 4 | Length = 8 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Grid | C.S. | Reserved | n for lowest frequency = 1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
A.3. An OEO Switch with DWDM Optics
Figure 2 shows an electronic switch fabric surrounded by DWDM
optics. In this example the electronic fabric can handle either
G.709 or SDH signals only (2.5 or 10 Gbps). To describe this node,
the following information is needed:
<Node_Info> ::= <Node_ID>[Other GMPLS sub-
TLVs][<ConnectivityMatrix>...] [<ResourcePool>][<RBPoolState>]
In this case there is complete port to port connectivity so the
<ConnectivityMatrix> is not required. In addition since there are
sufficient ports to handle all wavelength signals the <RBPoolState>
element is not needed.
Hence the attention will be focused on the <ResourcePool> sub-TLV:
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<ResourcePool> ::=
<ResourceBlockInfo>[<ResourceBlockAccessibility>...][<ResourceWaveCo
nstraints>...]
/| +-----------+ +-------------+ +------+
/D+--->| +--->|Tunable Laser|-->| |
+ e+--->| | +-------------+ | C |
========>| M| | | ... | o
|========>
Port I1 + u+--->| | +-------------+ | m | Port E1
\x+--->| |--->|Tunable Laser|-->| b |
\| | Electric | +-------------+ +------+
| Switch |
/| | | +-------------+ +------+
/D+--->| +--->|Tunable Laser|-->| |
+ e+--->| | +-------------+ | C |
========>| M| | | ... | o
|========>
Port I2 + u+--->| | +-------------+ | m | Port E2
\x+--->| +--->|Tunable Laser|-->| b |
\| | | +-------------+ +------+
| |
/| | | +-------------+ +------+
/D+--->| |--->|Tunable Laser|-->| |
+ e+--->| | +-------------+ | C |
========>| M| | | ... | o
|========>
Port I3 + u+--->| | +-------------+ | m | Port E3
\x+--->| |--->|Tunable Laser|-->| b |
\| +-----------+ +-------------+ +------+
Figure 2 An optical switch built around an electronic switching
fabric.
The resource block information will tell us about the processing
constraints of the receivers, transmitters and the electronic
switch. The resource availability information, although very simple,
tells us that all signals must traverse the electronic fabric (fixed
connectivity). The resource wavelength constraints are not needed
since there are no special wavelength constraints for the resources
that would not appear as port/wavelength constraints.
<ResourceBlockInfo>:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Set Field |
: (only one resource block in this example with shared |
| input/output case) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0|1|1| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Modulation Type List Sub-Sub-TLV |
: NRZ :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| FEC Type List Sub-Sub-TLV |
: Standard SDH, G.709 FEC :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Input Client Signal Type Sub-TLV |
: (GPIDs for SDH and G.709) :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Input Bit Rate Range List Sub-Sub-TLV |
: (2.5Gbps, 10Gbps) :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Processing Capabilities List Sub-Sub-TLV |
: Fixed (non optional) 3R regeneration :
: :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Since there is fixed connectivity to resource blocks (the electronic
switch) the <ResourceBlockAccessibility> is:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Connectivity=0|Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Input Link Set Field A #1 |
: (All input links connect to resource) :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RB Set Field A #1 |
: (trivial set only one resource block) :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Output Link Set Field B #1 |
: (All output links connect to resource) :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2578] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., and J. Schoenwaelder,
"Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)",
STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999.
[RFC3471] Berger, L., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
(GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description", RFC 3471,
January 2003.
[RFC4328] Papadimitriou, D., Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Extensions for G.709 Optical
Transport Networks Control", RFC 4328, January 2006.
[G.694.1] ITU-T Recommendation G.694.1, "Spectral grids for WDM
applications: DWDM frequency grid", June, 2002.
9.2. Informative References
[G.694.1] ITU-T Recommendation G.694.1, Spectral grids for WDM
applications: DWDM frequency grid, June 2002.
[G.694.2] ITU-T Recommendation G.694.2, Spectral grids for WDM
applications: CWDM wavelength grid, December 2003.
[Gen-Encode] G. Bernstein, Y. Lee, D. Li, W. Imajuku, "General
Network Element Constraint Encoding for GMPLS Controlled
Networks", work in progress: draft-ietf-ccamp-general-
constraint-encode.
[RFC6205] T. Otani, H. Guo, K. Miyazaki, D. Caviglia, "Generalized
Labels for G.694 Lambda-Switching Capable Label Switching
Routers", RFC 6205, March 2011.
[RFC6163] Y. Lee, G. Bernstein, W. Imajuku, "Framework for GMPLS
and PCE Control of Wavelength Switched Optical Networks",
RFC 6163, April 2011.
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[WSON-Info] G. Bernstein, Y. Lee, D. Li, W. Imajuku, "Routing and
Wavelength Assignment Information Model for Wavelength
Switched Optical Networks", work in progress: draft-ietf-
ccamp-rwa-info, March 2009.
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10. Contributors
Diego Caviglia
Ericsson
Via A. Negrone 1/A 16153
Genoa Italy
Phone: +39 010 600 3736
Email: diego.caviglia@(marconi.com, ericsson.com)
Anders Gavler
Acreo AB
Electrum 236
SE - 164 40 Kista Sweden
Email: Anders.Gavler@acreo.se
Jonas Martensson
Acreo AB
Electrum 236
SE - 164 40 Kista, Sweden
Email: Jonas.Martensson@acreo.se
Itaru Nishioka
NEC Corp.
1753 Simonumabe, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8666
Japan
Phone: +81 44 396 3287
Email: i-nishioka@cb.jp.nec.com
Pierre Peloso
ALU
Email: pierre.peloso@alcatel-lucent.com
Cyril Margaria
NSN
Email: cyril.margaria@nsn.com
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Authors' Addresses
Greg M. Bernstein (ed.)
Grotto Networking
Fremont California, USA
Phone: (510) 573-2237
Email: gregb@grotto-networking.com
Young Lee (ed.)
Huawei Technologies
1700 Alma Drive, Suite 100
Plano, TX 75075
USA
Phone: (972) 509-5599 (x2240)
Email: ylee@huawei.com
Dan Li
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
F3-5-B R&D Center, Huawei Base,
Bantian, Longgang District
Shenzhen 518129 P.R.China
Phone: +86-755-28973237
Email: danli@huawei.com
Wataru Imajuku
NTT Network Innovation Labs
1-1 Hikari-no-oka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa
Japan
Phone: +81-(46) 859-4315
Email: imajuku.wataru@lab.ntt.co.jp
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Jianrui Han
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
F3-5-B R&D Center, Huawei Base,
Bantian, Longgang District
Shenzhen 518129 P.R.China
Phone: +86-755-28972916
Email: hanjianrui@huawei.com
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Acknowledgment
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
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