Applicability of GMPLS for B100G Optical Transport Network
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-otn-b100g-applicability-02

Internet Engineering Task Force                             Q. Wang, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                           ZTE Corporation
Intended status: Informational                          R. Valiveti, Ed.
Expires: September 7, 2020                                 Infinera Corp
                                                           H. Zheng, Ed.
                                                                  Huawei
                                                             H. Helvoort
                                                         Hai Gaoming B.V
                                                              S. Belotti
                                                                   Nokia
                                                           March 6, 2020

       Applicability of GMPLS for B100G Optical Transport Network
           draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-otn-b100g-applicability-02

Abstract

   This document examines the applicability of using current existing
   GMPLS routing and signaling to set up ODUk/ODUflex over ODUCn link,
   as a result of the introduction of OTU/ODU links with rates larger
   than 100G in the 2016 version of G.709.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  OTN terminology used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Overview of B100G in G.709  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  OTUCn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  ODUCn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  OTUCn-M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.4.  Time Slot Granularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.5.  Structure of OPUCn MSI with Payload type 0x22 . . . . . .   8
     3.6.  Client Signal Mappings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   4.  Applicability and GMPLS Implications  . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.1.  Applicability and Challenges  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.2.  GMPLS Implications and Applicability  . . . . . . . . . .  12
       4.2.1.  TE-Link Representation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       4.2.2.  Implications and Applicability for GMPLS Signalling .  13
       4.2.3.  Implications and Applicability for GMPLS Routing  . .  14
   5.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   6.  Authors (Full List) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   7.  Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   10. Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18

1.  Introduction

   The current GMPLS routing [RFC7138] and signaling extensions
   [RFC7139] only supports the control of OTN signals and capabilities
   that were defined in the 2012 version of G.709 [ITU-T_G709_2012].

   Since the publishment of the latest 2016 version of G.709
   [ITU-T_G709_2016], which introduces support for new higher rate ODU
   signals, termed ODUCn (which have a nominal rate of n x 100 Gbps),
   how to applied GMPLS to ODUCn case should be taken into
   consideration.  As OTUCn and ODUCn only perform section layer role
   only according to the definition in G.709 [ITU-T_G709_2016], which
   means the OTUCn and ODUCn are only used to provide for the transfer
   of information between two adjacent upper layer cross-connects, i.e.,
   ODUk/ODUflex cross connects, it's not appropriate to apply GMPLS to

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   OTUCn and ODUCn.  Therefore, this document mainly focuses on the use
   of GMPLS mechanisms to set up ODUk/ODUflex over an existing ODUCn
   link.

   This document first presents an overview of the changes introduced in
   [ITU-T_G709_2016] to motivate the present topic and then analyzes how
   the current GMPLS routing and signalling mechanisms can be utilized
   to setup ODUk/ODUflex connections over ODUCn links.  In order to make
   the description in this document clear, how to set up ODUCn link is
   also mentioned.

1.1.  Scope

   For the purposes of the B100G control plane discussion, the OTN
   should be considered as a combination of ODU and OTSi layers.  Note
   that [ITU-T_G709_2016] is deprecating the use of the term "OCh" for
   B100G entities, and leaving it intact only for maintaining continuity
   in the description of the signals with bandwidth upto 100G.

   This document only focuses on the control of the ODU layer.  The
   control of the OTSi layer is out of scope of this document.  But in
   order to facilitate the description of the challenges brought by
   [ITU-T_G709_2016] to B100G GMPLS routing and signalling, some general
   description about OTSi is included in section 4 of this document.

2.  OTN terminology used in this document

   a.  OPUCn: Optical Payload Unit -Cn.

   b.  ODUCn: Optical Data Unit - Cn.

   c.  OTUCn: Fully standardized Optical Transport Unit - Cn.

   d.  OTUCn-M: This signal is an extension of the OTUCn signal
       introduced above.  This signal contains the same amount of
       overhead as the OTUCn signal, but contains a reduced amount of
       payload area.  Specifically the payload area consists of M 5G
       tributary slots (where M is strictly less than 20*n).

   e.  PSI: OPU Payload structure Indicator.  This is a multi-frame
       message and describes the composition of the OPU signal.  This
       field is a concatenation of the Payload type (PT) and the
       Multiplex Structrure Indicator (MSI) defined below.

   f.  MSI: Multiplex Structure Indicator.  This structure indicates the
       grouping of the tributary slots in an OPU payload area to realize
       a client signal that is multiplexed into an OPU.  The individual

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       clients multiplexed into the OPU payload area are distinguished
       by the Tributary Port number (TPN).

   g.  GMP: Generic Mapping Procedure.

   h.  OTSiG: The set of OTSi that supports a single digital client.

   i.  OTSiA: The OTSiG together with the non-associated overhead
       (OTSiG-O).

   Detailed description of these terms can be found in [ITU-T_G709_2016]
   and [ITU-T_G807].

3.  Overview of B100G in G.709

   This section provides an overview of new features in
   [ITU-T_G709_2016].

3.1.  OTUCn

   In order to carry client signals with rates greater than 100Gbps,
   [ITU-T_G709_2016] takes a general and scalable approach that
   decouples the rates of OTU signals from the client rate.  The new OTU
   signal is called OTUCn, and this signal is defined to have a rate of
   (approximately) n*100G.  The following are the key characteristics of
   the OTUCn signal:

   a.  The OTUCn signal contains one ODUCn.  The OTUCn and ODUCn signals
       perform digital section roles only (see
       [ITU-T_G709_2016]:Section 6.1.1)

   b.  The OTUCn signals can be viewed as being formed by interleaving n
       OTUC signals (which are labeled 1, 2, ..., n), each of which has
       the format of a standard OTUk signal without the FEC columns (per
       [ITU-T_G709_2016]Figure 7-1).  The ODUCn have a similar
       structure, i.e. they can be seen as being formed by interleaving
       n instances of ODUC signals (respectively).  The OTUC signal
       contains the ODUC signals, just as in the case of fixed rate OTUs
       defined in G.709 [ITU-T_G709_2016].

   c.  Each of the OTUC "slices" have the same overhead as the standard
       OTUk signal in G.709 [ITU-T_G709_2016].  The combined signal
       OTUCn has n instances of OTUC overhead, ODUC overhead.

   d.  The OTUC signal has a slightly higher rate compared to the OTU4
       signal (without FEC); this is to ensure that the OPUC payload
       area can carry an ODU4 signal.

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   As explained above, within G.709 [ITU-T_G709_2016], the OTUCn, ODUCn
   and OPUCn signal structures are presented in a (physical) interface
   independent manner, by means of n OTUC, ODUC and OPUC instances that
   are marked #1 to #n.  Specifically, the definition of the OTUCn
   signal does not cover aspects such as FEC, modulation formats, etc.
   These details are defined as part of the adaptation of the OTUCn
   layer to the optical layer(s).  The specific interleaving of
   OTUC/ODUC/OPUC signals onto the optical signals is interface specific
   and specified for OTN interfaces with standardized application codes
   in the interface specific recommendations (G.709.x).

   OTUCn interfaces can be categorized as follows, based on the type of
   peer network element (see Figure 1):

   a.  inter-domain interfaces: These types of interfaces are used for
       connecting OTN edge nodes to (a) client equipment (e.g. routers)
       or (b) hand-off points from other OTN networks.  ITU-T has
       standardized the Flexible OTN (FlexO) interfaces to support these
       functions.  For example, Recommendation [ITU-T_G709.1] specifies
       a flexible interoperable short-reach OTN interface over which an
       OTUCn (n >=1) is transferred, using bonded FlexO interfaces which
       belong to a FlexO group.

   b.  intra-domain interfaces: In these cases, the OTUCn is transported
       using a proprietary (vendor specific) encapsulation, FEC etc.  It
       may also be possible to transport OTUCn for intra-domain links
       using FlexO.

    ==================================================================

          +--------------------------------------------------------+
          |                 OTUCn signal                           |
          +--------------------------------------------------------+
          |  Inter+Domain    |  Intra+Domain    |  Intra+Domain    |
          |  Interface (IrDI)|  Interface (IaDI)|  Interface       |
          |  FlexO (G.709.1) |  FlexO (G.709.x) |  Proprietary     |
          |                  |  (Future)        |  Encap, FEC etc. |
          +--------------------------------------------------------+

    ==================================================================

                  Figure 1: OTUCn transport possibilities

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3.2.  ODUCn

   The ODUCn signal [ITU-T_G709_2016] can be viewed as being formed by
   the appropriate interleaving of content from n ODUC signal instances.
   The ODUC frames have the same structure as a standard ODU -- in the
   sense that it has the same Overhead area, and the payload area -- but
   has a higher rate since its payload area can embed an ODU4 signal.

   The ODUCn signals have a rate that is captured in Table 1.

   +----------+--------------------------------------------------------+
   | ODU Type |                      ODU Bit Rate                      |
   +----------+--------------------------------------------------------+
   |  ODUCn   | n x 239/226 x 99,532,800 kbit/s = n x 105,258,138.053  |
   |          |                         kbit/s                         |
   +----------+--------------------------------------------------------+

                           Table 1: ODUCn rates

   The ODUCn is a multiplex section ODU signal, and is mapped into an
   OTUCn signal which provides the regenerator section layer.  In some
   scenarios, the ODUCn, and OTUCn signals will be co-terminated, i.e.
   they will have identical source/sink locations.  [ITU-T_G709_2016]
   and [ITU-T_G872] allow for the ODUCn signal to pass through a digital
   regenerator node which will terminate the OTUCn layer, but will pass
   the regenerated (but otherwise untouched) ODUCn towards a different
   OTUCn interface where a fresh OTUCn layer will be initiated (see
   Figure 2).  In this case, the ODUCn is carried by 3 OTUCn segments.

   Specifically, the OPUCn signal flows through these regenerators
   unchanged.  That is, the set of client signals, their TPNs, trib-slot
   allocation remains unchanged.  The ODUCn Overhead might be modified
   if TCM sub-layers are instantiated in order to monitor the
   performance of the regenerator hops.  In this sense, the ODUCn should
   NOT be seen as a general ODU which can be switched via an ODUk cross-
   connect.

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   ==================================================================

    +--------+           +--------+
    |        +-----------+        |
    | OTN    |-----------| OTN    |
    | DXC    +-----------+ DXC    +
    |        |           |        |
    +--------+           +--------+
        <--------ODUCn------->
         <-------OTUCn------>

    +--------+        +--------+        +--------+          +--------+
    |        +--------+        |        |        +----------+        |
    | OTN    |--------| OTN    |        | OTN    |----------| OTN    |
    | DXC    +--------+ WXC    +--------+ WXC    +----------+ DXC    |
    |        |        | 3R     |        | 3R     |          |        |
    +--------+        +--------+        +--------+          +--------+
        <-------------------------ODUCn-------------------------->
         <---------------> <---------------> <------------------>
              OTUCn              OTUCn               OTUCn

   ==================================================================

                          Figure 2: ODUCn signal

3.3.  OTUCn-M

   The standard OTUCn signal has the same rate as that of the ODUCn
   signal as captured in Table 1.  This implies that the OTUCn signal
   can only be transported over wavelength groups which have a total
   capacity of multiples of (approximately) 100G.  Modern DSPs support a
   variety of bit rates per wavelength, depending on the reach
   requirements for the optical link.  In other words, it is possible to
   extend the reach of an optical link (i.e. increase the physical
   distance covered) by lowering the bitrate of the client signal that
   is modulated onto the optical signals.  By the very nature of the
   OTUCn signal, it is constrained to rates which are multiples of
   (approximately) 100G.  If it happens that the total rate of the LO-
   ODUs carried over the ODUCn is smaller than n X 100G, it is possible
   to "crunch" the OTUCn to remove the unused capacity.  With this in
   mind, ITU-T supports the notion of a reduced rate OTUCn signal,
   termed the OTUCn-M.  The OTUCn-M signal is derived from the OTUCn
   signal by retaining all the n instances of overhead (one per OTUC
   slice) but only M tributary slots of capacity.

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3.4.  Time Slot Granularity

   [ITU-T_G709_2012] introduced the support for 1.25G granular tributary
   slots in OPU2, OPU3, and OPU4 signals.  With the introduction of
   higher rate signals, it is not practical for the optical networks
   (and the data plane hardware) to support a very large number of
   connections at such a fine granularity.  ITU-T has defined the OPUC
   with a tributary slot granularity of 5G.  This means that the ODUCn
   signal has 20*n tributary slots (of 5Gbps capacity).  It is
   worthwhile considering that the range of tributary port number (TPN)
   is 10*n instead of 20*n, which restricts the maximum client signals
   that could be carried over one single ODUC1.

3.5.  Structure of OPUCn MSI with Payload type 0x22

   As mentioned above, the OPUCn signal has 20*n 5G tributary slots.
   The OPUCn contains n PSI structures, one per OPUC instance.  The PSI
   structure consists of the Payload Type (of 0x22), followed by a
   Reserved Field (1 byte) and the MSI.  The OPUCn MSI field has a fixed
   length of 40*n bytes and indicates the availability of each TS.  Two
   bytes are used for each of the 20*n tributary slots, and each such
   information structure has the following format ([ITU-T_G709_2016]
   G.709:Section 20.4.1):

   a.  The TS availability bit indicates if the tributary slot is
       available or unavailable

   b.  The TS occupation bit indicates if the tributary slot is
       allocated or unallocated

   c.  The tributary port bits indicates the port number of the client
       signal that is being carried in this specific TS.  A flexible
       assignment of tributary port to tributary slots is possible.
       Numbering of tributary ports is from 1 to 10n.

3.6.  Client Signal Mappings

   The approach taken by the ITU-T to map non-OTN client signals to the
   appropriate ODU containers is as follows:

   a.  All client signals with rates less than 100G are mapped into ODU
       container as specified in clause 17 of [ITU-T_G709_2016].  These
       mappings are identical to those specified in the earlier revision
       of G.709 [ITU-T_G709_2012].  For example, the 1000BASE-
       X/10GBASE-R signals are mapped to ODU0/ODU2e respectively (see
       Table 2 -- based on Table 7-2 in [ITU-T_G709_2016])

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   b.  New emerging client signals are usually mapped into ODUflex
       signals of the appropriate rates (see Table 2 according to the
       Table 7-2 in [ITU-T_G709_2016])

   c.  ODU Virtual Concatenation is not supported any more.  This
       simplifies the network, and the supporting hardware since
       multiple different mappings for the same client are no longer
       necessary.  Note that legacy implementations that transported
       sub-100G clients using ODU VCAT shall continue to be supported.

   d.  ODUflex signals are low-order signals only.  If the ODUflex
       entities have rates of 100G or less, they can be transported over
       either an ODUk (k=1..4) or an ODUCn.  For ODUflex connections
       with rates greater than 100G, ODUCn is required.

   +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
   |    ODU Type    |                   ODU Bit Rate                   |
   +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
   |      ODU0      |                  1,244,160 Kbps                  |
   |      ODU1      |             239/238 x 2,488,320 Kbps             |
   |      ODU2      |             239/237 x 9,953,280 Kbps             |
   |     ODU2e      |            239/237 x 10,312,500 Kbps             |
   |      ODU3      |            239/236 x 39,813,120 Kbps             |
   |      ODU4      |            239/227 x 99,532,800 Kbps             |
   |  ODUflex for   |         239/238 x Client signal Bit rate         |
   |   CBR client   |                                                  |
   |    signals     |                                                  |
   |  ODUflex for   |               Configured bit rate                |
   |  GFP-F mapped  |                                                  |
   | packet traffic |                                                  |
   |  ODUflex for   | s x 239/238 x 5 156 250 kbit/s: s=2,8,5*n, n >=  |
   |   IMP mapped   |                        1                         |
   | packet traffic |                                                  |
   |  ODUflex for   | 103 125 000 x 240/238 x n/20 kbit/s, where n is  |
   |  FlexE aware   | total number of available tributary slots among  |
   |   transport    | all PHYs which have been crunched and combined.  |
   +----------------+--------------------------------------------------+

     Note that this table doesn't include ODUCn -- since it cannot be
   generated by mapping a non-OTN signal.  An ODUCn is always formed by
                      multiplexing multiple LO-ODUs.

        Table 2: Types and rates of ODUs usable for client mappings

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    ==================================================================

                     Clients (e.g. SONET/SDH, Ethernet)
                          +       +      +
                          |       |      |
       +------------------+-------+------+------------------------+
       |                     OPUk                                 |
       +----------------------------------------------------------+
       |                     ODUk                                 |
       +-----------------------+---------------------------+------+
       | OTUk, OTUk.V, OTUkV   |          OPUk             |      |
       +----------+----------------------------------------+      |
       | OTLk.n   |            |          ODUk             |      |
       +----------+            +---------------------+-----+      |
                               | OTUk, OTUk.V, OTUkV |   OPUCn    |
                               +----------+-----------------------+
                               | OTLk.n   |          |   ODUCn    |
                               +----------+          +------------+
                                                     |   OTUCn    |
                                                     +------------+

    ==================================================================

   Figure 3: Digital Structure of OTN interfaces (from G.709:Figure 6-1)

4.  Applicability and GMPLS Implications

4.1.  Applicability and Challenges

   This section analyzes the OTUCn deployment scenarios to identify
   potential extensions to GMPLS that would be needed.  When OTUCn links
   are established between line ports of two different network elements,
   two scenarios are possible.  These scenarios are modeled according to
   those illustrated in Appendix XIII of [ITU-T_G709_2016].  Note that
   while this Appendix illustrates OTUCn subrating possibilities, the
   scenarios serve a more general purpose also.  Two possible
   realization of OTUCn realizations between nodes are:

   a.  The first scenario (see Figure 4) deploys OTUCn/OTUCn-M between
       two line ports connecting two L1/L0 ODU cross connects (XC)
       within one optical transport network.  As defined in
       [ITU-T_G807], the OTUCn/OTUCn-M signal is transported using by
       one OTSiG, which could be comprised of one or more OTSi.  The
       OTSiG may have non-associated overhead (denoted as OTSiG-O); the
       combination of the OTSiG and OTSiG-O is represented by the OTSiA
       management/control abstraction.  There is a 1:1 mapping

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       relationship between OTUCn and OTSiG or OTSiA.  For example, a
       400G OTUC4 signal can be carried over a single OTSi signal with a
       400G capcity, or perhaps split into 4 100G digital information
       streams each of which is carried over a OTSi signal with a 100G
       capacity.  In this scenario, it is clear that the OTUCn and ODUCn
       link can be automatically established, after/together with the
       setup of OTSiG or OTSiA, as both OTUCn and ODUCn perform section
       layer only.  Once the ODUCn link is automatically established, it
       can be advertized as a TE-link and used for setting up ODUk/
       ODUflex connections.

   b.  The second scenario (see depicted in Figure 5) deploys OTUCn/
       OTUCn-M between transponders which are in a different domain B,
       and are separated from the L1 ODU XCs in domain A and/or C.  In
       this scenario, the end-to-end ODUCn is actually supported by
       three different OTUCn or OTUCn-M segments, which are in turn
       carried by their respective OTSi(G) or OTSiA.  In this example,
       the OTUCn links will be established automatically after/together
       with the setup of OTSi(G) or OTSiA.  Note that until both
       transponder nodes in domain B have been configured, the ODUCn
       signal transmitted by node A doesn't reach node C.  Until all the
       required configuration operations are completed, the ODUCn.STAT
       field will reflect the AIS (i.e. error) status.  Once all the
       provisioning has been performed in domain B, and the links
       connecting the edge nodes to transponders in domain B are error
       free, the end to end ODUCn flows will be established.  In this
       case, the receipt of a normal value for the ODUCn.STAT field can
       trigger the creation of the ODUCn link.

   ==================================================================

                 +--------+                     +--------+
                 |        +---------------------+        |
                 | OTN    |---------------------| OTN    |
                 |  XC    +---------------------+  XC    |
                 |        |                     |        |
                 +--------+                     +--------+
                   <---------- ODUk/ODUflex ----------->
                    <------------ ODUCn -------------->
                     <------- OTUCn/OTUCn-M --------->
                      <--------OTSi(G)/OTSiA--------->

   ==================================================================

                           Figure 4: Scenario A

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   ==================================================================

                       +----------------------------+
        A              |             B              |          A or C
        |              |                            |             |
   +--------+          | +--------+      +--------+ |        +--------+
   |        +----------|-+        |      |        +-|--------+        |
   | OTN    |----------|-| Transp |      | Transp |-|--------| OTN    |
   |  XC    +----------|-+ onder  +------+ onder  +-|--------+  XC    |
   |        |          | |        |      |        | |        |        |
   +--------+          | +--------+      +--------+ |        +--------+
                       |                            |
                       +----------------------------+

        <------------------------ODUk/ODUflex----------------------->
         <------------------------ ODUCn -------------------------->
          <------OTUCn------><---OTUCn/OTUCn-M---><------OTUCn------>
           <-OTSi(G)/OTSiA->  <--OTSi(G)/OTSiA-->  <-OTSi(G)/OTSiA->

   ==================================================================

                           Figure 5: Scenario B

4.2.  GMPLS Implications and Applicability

4.2.1.  TE-Link Representation

   Section 3 of RFC7138 describes how to represent G.709 OTUk/ODUk with
   TE-Links in GMPLS.  Similar to that, ODUCn links can also be
   represented as TE-Links, which can be seen in the figure below.

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   ==================================================================

  +-----+              +-----+
  |     |              |     |
  |  A  |<-OTUCn Link->|  B  |
  |     |              |     |
  +-----+              +-----+
     |<--- ODUCn Link -->|
     |<---- TE-Link ---->|

                         3R                    3R
  +-----+              +-----+              +-----+              +-----+
  |     |              |     |              |     |              |     |
  |  A  |<-OTUCn Link->|  B  |<-OTUCn Link->|  C  |<-OTUCn Link->|  D  |
  |     |              |     |              |     |              |     |
  +-----+              +-----+              +-----+              +-----+
      |<----------------------- ODUCn Link ------------------------>|
      |<------------------------ TE-Link -------------------------->|

   ==================================================================

                         Figure 6: ODUCn TE-Links

   Two endpoints of a TE-Link are configured with the supported resource
   information, which may include whether the TE-Link is supported by an
   ODUCn or an ODUk or an OTUk, as well as the link attribute
   information (e.g., slot granularity, number of tributary slot
   available).

4.2.2.  Implications and Applicability for GMPLS Signalling

   Once the ODUCn link is configured, the GMPLS mechanisms defined in
   RFC7139 can be reused to set up ODUk/ODUflex LSP with no/few changes.
   As the resource on the ODUCn link which can be seen by the client
   ODUk/ODUflex is a set of 5G slots, the label defined in RFC7139 is
   able to accommodate the requirement of the setup of ODUk/ODUflex over
   ODUCn link.  In [RFC7139], the OTN-TDM GENERALIZED_LABEL object is
   used to indicate how the LO ODUj signal is multiplexed into the HO
   ODUk link.  In a similar manner, the OTN-TDM GENERALIZED_LABEL object
   is used to indicate how the ODUk signal is multiplexed into the ODUCn
   link.  The ODUk Signal Type is indicated by Traffic Parameters.  The
   IF_ID RSVP_HOP object provides a pointer to the interface associated
   with TE-Link and therefore the two nodes terminating the TE-link know
   (by internal/local configuration) the attributes of the ODUCn TE
   Link.

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   One thing should be note is the TPN used in RFC7139 and defined in
   G.709-2016 for ODUCn link.  Since the TPN currently defined in G.709
   for ODUCn link has 14 bits, while this field in RFC7139 only has 12
   bits, some extension work is needed, but this is not so urgent since
   for today networks scenarios 12 bits are enough, as it can support a
   single ODUCn link up to n=400, namely 40Tbit.

   An example is given below to illustrate the label format defined in
   RFC7139 for multiplexing ODU4 onto ODUC10.  One ODUC10 has 200 5G
   slots, and twenty of them are allocated to the ODU4.  Along with the
   increase of "n", the label may become lengthy, an optimized label
   format may be needed.

   ==================================================================

      0                   1                   2                   3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |       TPN = 3         |   Reserved    |     Length = 200      |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0|
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|               Padding Bits(0)                 |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   ==================================================================

                          Figure 7: Label format

4.2.3.  Implications and Applicability for GMPLS Routing

   For routing, it is deemed that no extension to current mechanisms
   defined in RFC7138 are needed.  Because, once an ODUCn link is up,
   the resources that need to be advertised are the resources that
   exposed by this ODUCn link and the multiplexing hierarchy on this
   link.  Since the ODUCn link is the ultimate hierarchy of the ODU

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   multiplexing, there is no need to explicitly define a new value to
   represent the ODUCn signal type in the OSPF-TE routing protocol.

   The OSPF-TE extension defined in section 4 of RFC7138 can be reused
   to advertise the resource information on the ODUCn link to help
   finish the setup of ODUk/ODUflex.

5.  Acknowledgements

6.  Authors (Full List)

      Qilei Wang (editor)

      ZTE

      Nanjing, China

      Email: wang.qilei@zte.com.cn

      Radha Valiveti (editor)

      Infinera Corp

      Sunnyvale, CA, USA

      Email: rvaliveti@infinera.com

      Haomian Zheng (editor)

      Huawei

      CN

      EMail: zhenghaomian@huawei.com

      Huub van Helvoort

      Hai Gaoming B.V

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      EMail: huubatwork@gmail.com

      Sergio Belotti

      Nokia

      EMail: sergio.belotti@nokia.com

      Iftekhar Hussain

      Infinera Corp

      Sunnyvale, CA, USA

      Email: IHussain@infinera.com

      Daniele Ceccarelli

      Ericsson

      Email: daniele.ceccarelli@ericsson.com

7.  Contributors

      Rajan Rao, Infinera Corp, Sunnyvale, USA, rrao@infinera.com

      Fatai Zhang, Huawei,zhangfatai@huawei.com

      Italo Busi, Huawei,italo.busi@huawei.com

      Zheyu Fan, Individual, zheyu2008@gmail.com

      Dieter Beller, Nokia, Dieter.Beller@nokia.com

      Yuanbin Zhang, ZTE, Beiing, zhang.yuanbin@zte.com.cn

      Zafar Ali, Cisco Systems, zali@cisco.com

      Daniel King, d.king@lancaster.ac.uk

      Manoj Kumar, Cisco Systems, manojk2@cisco.com

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      Antonello Bonfanti, Cisco Systems, abonfant@cisco.com

      Akshaya Nadahalli, Individual, nadahalli@gmail.com

8.  IANA Considerations

   This memo includes no request to IANA.

9.  Security Considerations

   None.

10.  Normative References

   [ITU-T_G709.1]
              ITU-T, "ITU-T G.709.1: Flexible OTN short-reach interface;
              2016",  , 2016.

   [ITU-T_G709_2012]
              ITU-T, "ITU-T G.709: Optical Transport Network Interfaces;
              02/2012",  http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-
              G..709-201202-S/en, February 2012.

   [ITU-T_G709_2016]
              ITU-T, "ITU-T G.709: Optical Transport Network Interfaces;
              07/2016",  http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-
              G..709-201606-P/en, July 2016.

   [ITU-T_G807]
              ITU-T, "ITU-T G.807: Generic functional architecture of
              the optical media network;
              2020",  http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.872/en, February
              2020.

   [ITU-T_G872]
              ITU-T, "ITU-T G.872: The Architecture of Optical Transport
              Networks; 2017",  http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.872/en,
              January 2017.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

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   [RFC7138]  Ceccarelli, D., Ed., Zhang, F., Belotti, S., Rao, R., and
              J. Drake, "Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF for
              GMPLS Control of Evolving G.709 Optical Transport
              Networks", RFC 7138, DOI 10.17487/RFC7138, March 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7138>.

   [RFC7139]  Zhang, F., Ed., Zhang, G., Belotti, S., Ceccarelli, D.,
              and K. Pithewan, "GMPLS Signaling Extensions for Control
              of Evolving G.709 Optical Transport Networks", RFC 7139,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7139, March 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7139>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

Authors' Addresses

   Qilei Wang (editor)
   ZTE Corporation
   Nanjing
   CN

   Email: wang.qilei@zte.com.cn

   Radha Valiveti (editor)
   Infinera Corp
   Sunnyvale
   USA

   Email: rvaliveti@infinera.com

   Haomian Zheng (editor)
   Huawei
   CN

   Email: zhenghaomian@huawei.com

   Huub van Helvoort
   Hai Gaoming B.V

   Email: huubatwork@gmail.com

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   Sergio Belotti
   Nokia

   Email: sergio.belotti@nokia.com

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