Skip to main content

RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Feedback for Congestion Control
draft-ietf-avtcore-cc-feedback-message-03

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8888.
Expired & archived
Authors Zaheduzzaman Sarker , Colin Perkins , Varun Singh , Michael A. Ramalho
Last updated 2019-06-26 (Latest revision 2018-12-23)
Replaces draft-dt-rmcat-feedback-message
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Formats
Reviews
Additional resources Mailing list discussion
Stream WG state WG Document
Associated WG milestone
Jun 2019
Submit Feedback Mechanism for RTP Congestion Control for Proposed Standard
Document shepherd (None)
IESG IESG state Became RFC 8888 (Proposed Standard)
Consensus boilerplate Unknown
Telechat date (None)
Responsible AD (None)
Send notices to (None)
draft-ietf-avtcore-cc-feedback-message-03
IETF RMCAT Working Group                                       Z. Sarker
Internet-Draft                                               Ericsson AB
Intended status: Standards Track                              C. Perkins
Expires: June 26, 2019                             University of Glasgow
                                                                V. Singh
                                                            callstats.io
                                                              M. Ramalho
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                       December 23, 2018

      RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Feedback for Congestion Control
               draft-ietf-avtcore-cc-feedback-message-03

Abstract

   This document describes an RTCP feedback message intended to enable
   congestion control for interactive real-time traffic using RTP.  The
   feedback message is designed for use with a sender-based congestion
   control algorithm, in which the receiver of an RTP flow sends RTCP
   feedback packets to the sender containing the information the sender
   needs to perform congestion control.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on June 26, 2019.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  RTCP Feedback for Congestion Control  . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  RTCP Congestion Control Feedback Report . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Feedback Frequency and Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   5.  SDP Signalling  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  Relation to RFC 6679  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   7.  Design Rationale  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   8.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   9.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   11. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     11.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     11.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12

1.  Introduction

   For interactive real-time traffic, such as video conferencing flows,
   the typical protocol choice is the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)
   running over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).  RTP does not provide
   any guarantee of Quality of Service (QoS), reliability, or timely
   delivery, and expects the underlying transport protocol to do so.
   UDP alone certainly does not meet that expectation.  However, the RTP
   Control Protocol (RTCP) provides a mechanism by which the receiver of
   an RTP flow can periodically send transport and media quality metrics
   to the sender of that RTP flow.  This information can be used by the
   sender to perform congestion control.  In the absence of standardized
   messages for this purpose, designers of congestion control algorithms
   have developed proprietary RTCP messages that convey only those
   parameters needed for their respective designs.  As a direct result,
   the different congestion control (i.e., rate adaptation) designs are
   not interoperable.  To enable algorithm evolution as well as
   interoperability across designs (e.g., different rate adaptation
   algorithms), it is highly desirable to have generic congestion
   control feedback format.

   To help achieve interoperability for unicast RTP congestion control,
   this memo proposes a common RTCP feedback packet format that can be

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   used by NADA [I-D.ietf-rmcat-nada], SCReAM [RFC8298], Google
   Congestion Control [I-D.ietf-rmcat-gcc] and Shared Bottleneck
   Detection [RFC8382], and hopefully also by future RTP congestion
   control algorithms.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   In addition the terminology defined in [RFC3550], [RFC3551],
   [RFC3611], [RFC4585], and [RFC5506] applies.

3.  RTCP Feedback for Congestion Control

   Based on an analysis of NADA [I-D.ietf-rmcat-nada], SCReAM [RFC8298],
   Google Congestion Control [I-D.ietf-rmcat-gcc] and Shared Bottleneck
   Detection [RFC8382], the following per-RTP packet congestion control
   feedback information has been determined to be necessary:

   o  RTP sequence number: The receiver of an RTP flow needs to feedback
      the sequence numbers of the received RTP packets to the sender, so
      the sender can determine which packets were received and which
      were lost.  Packet loss is used as an indication of congestion by
      many congestion control algorithms.

   o  Packet Arrival Time: The receiver of an RTP flow needs to feedback
      the arrival time of each RTP packet to the sender.  Packet delay
      and/or delay variation (jitter) is used as a congestion signal by
      some congestion control algorithms.

   o  Packet Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Marking: If ECN
      [RFC3168], [RFC6679] is used, it is necessary to feedback the
      2-bit ECN mark in received RTP packets, indicating for each RTP
      packet whether it is marked not-ECT, ECT(0), ECT(1), or ECN-CE.
      If the path used by the RTP traffic is ECN capable the sender can
      use Congestion Experienced (ECN-CE) marking information as a
      congestion control signal.

   Every RTP flow is identified by its Synchronization Source (SSRC)
   identifier.  Accordingly, the RTCP feedback format needs to group its
   reports by SSRC, sending one report block per received SSRC.

   As a practical matter, we note that host operating system (OS)
   process interruptions can occur at inopportune times.  Accordingly,
   recording RTP packet send times at the sender, and the corresponding
   RTP packet arrival times at the receiver, needs to be done with

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   deliberate care.  This is because the time duration of host OS
   interruptions can be significant relative to the precision desired in
   the one-way delay estimates.  Specifically, the send time needs to be
   recorded at the last opportunity prior to transmitting the RTP packet
   at the sender, and the arrival time at the receiver needs to be
   recorded at the earliest available opportunity.

3.1.  RTCP Congestion Control Feedback Report

   Congestion control feedback can be sent as part of a regular
   scheduled RTCP report, or in an RTP/AVPF early feedback packet.  If
   sent as early feedback, congestion control feedback MAY be sent in a
   non-compound RTCP packet [RFC5506] if the RTP/AVPF profile [RFC4585]
   or the RTP/SAVPF profile [RFC5124] is used.

   Irrespective of how it is transported, the congestion control
   feedback is sent as a Transport Layer Feedback Message (RTCP packet
   type 205).  The format of this RTCP packet is shown in Figure 1:

        0                   1                   2                   3
        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |V=2|P| FMT=CCFB |   PT = 205   |          length               |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                 SSRC of RTCP packet sender                    |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                   SSRC of 1st RTP Stream                      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |          begin_seq            |          num_reports          |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |L|ECN|  Arrival time offset    | ...                           .
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       .                                                               .
       .                                                               .
       .                                                               .
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                   SSRC of nth RTP Stream                      |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |          begin_seq            |          num_reports          |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |L|ECN|  Arrival time offset    | ...                           |
       .                                                               .
       .                                                               .
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |                 Report Timestamp (32bits)                     |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

         Figure 1: RTCP Congestion Control Feedback Packet Format

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   The first eight octets comprise a standard RTCP header, with PT=205
   and FMT=CCFB indicating that this is a congestion control feedback
   packet, and with the SSRC set to that of the sender of the RTCP
   packet.  (NOTE TO RFC EDITOR: please replace CCFB here and in the
   above diagram with the IANA assigned RTCP feedback packet type, and
   remove this note)

   Section 6.1 of [RFC4585] requires the RTCP header to be followed by
   the SSRC of the RTP flow being reported upon.  Accordingly, the RTCP
   header is followed by a report block for each SSRC from which RTP
   packets have been received, followed by a Report Timestamp.

   Each report block begins with the SSRC of the received RTP Stream on
   which it is reporting.  Following this, the report block contains a
   16-bit packet metric block for each RTP packet with sequence number
   in the range begin_seq to begin_seq+num_reports inclusive (calculated
   using arithmetic modulo 65536 to account for possible sequence number
   wrap-around).  If the number of 16-bit packet metric blocks included
   in the report block is not a multiple of two, then 16 bits of zero
   padding MUST be added after the last packet metric block, to align
   the end of the packet metric blocks with the next 32 bit boundary.
   The value of num_reports MAY be zero, indicating that there are no
   packet metric blocks included for that SSRC.  Each report block MUST
   NOT include more than 16384 packet metric blocks (i.e., it MUST NOT
   report on more than one quarter of the sequence number space in a
   single report).

   The contents of each 16-bit packet metric block comprises the L, ECN,
   and ATO fields are as follows:

   o  L (1 bit): is a boolean to indicate if the packet was received. 0
      represents that the packet was not yet received and all the
      subsequent bits (ECN and ATO) are also set to 0.  1 represent the
      packet was received and the subsequent bits in the block need to
      be parsed.

   o  ECN (2 bits): is the echoed ECN mark of the packet.  These are set
      to 00 if not received, or if ECN is not used.

   o  Arrival time offset (ATO, 13 bits): is the arrival time of the RTP
      packet at the receiver, as an offset before the time represented
      by the RTS field of this RTCP congestion control feedback report.
      The ATO field is in units of 1/1024 seconds (this unit is chosen
      to give exact offsets from the RTS field) so, for example, an ATO
      value of 512 indicates that the corresponding RTP packet arrived
      exactly half a second before the time instant represented by the
      RTS field.  If the measured value is greater than 8189/1024
      seconds (the value that would be coded as 0x1FFD), the value

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

      0x1FFE MUST be reported to indicate an over-range measurement.  If
      the measurement is unavailable, or if the arrival time of the RTP
      packet is after the time represented by the RTS field, then an ATO
      value of 0x1FFF MUST be reported for the packet.

   The RTCP congestion control feedback report packet concludes with the
   Report Timestamp field (RTS, 32 bits).  This denotes the time instant
   on which this packet is reporting, and is the instant from which the
   arrival time offset values are calculated.  The value of RTS field is
   derived from the same clock used to generate the NTP timestamp field
   in RTCP Sender Report (SR) packets.  It is formatted as the middle 32
   bits of an NTP format timestamp, as described in Section 4 of
   [RFC3550].

   RTCP congestion control feedback packets SHOULD include a report
   block for every active SSRC.  The sequence number ranges reported on
   in consecutive reports for a given SSRC will generally be contiguous,
   but overlapping reports MAY be sent (and need to be sent in cases
   where RTP packet reordering occurs across the boundary between
   consecutive reports).  If reports covering overlapping sequence
   number ranges are sent, information in later reports updates that in
   sent previous reports for RTP packets included in both reports.  If
   an RTP packet was reported as received in one report, that packet
   MUST also be reported as received in any overlapping reports sent
   later that cover its sequence number range.

   If duplicate copies of a particular RTP packet are received, then the
   arrival time of the first copy to arrive MUST be reported.  If any of
   the copies of the duplicated packet are ECN-CE marked, then an ECN-CE
   mark MUST be reported that for packet; otherwise the ECN mark of the
   first copy to arrive is reported.

   If no packets are received from an SSRC in a reporting interval, a
   report block MAY be sent with begin_seq set to the highest sequence
   number previously received from that SSRC and num_reports set to zero
   (or, the report can simply to omitted).  The corresponding SR/RR
   packet will have a non-increased extended highest sequence number
   received field that will inform the sender that no packets have been
   received, but it can ease processing to have that information
   available in the congestion control feedback reports too.

4.  Feedback Frequency and Overhead

   There is a trade-off between speed and accuracy of reporting, and the
   overhead of the reports.  [I-D.ietf-rmcat-rtp-cc-feedback] discusses
   this trade-off, suggests desirable RTCP feedback rates, and provides
   guidance on how to configure the RTCP bandwidth fraction, etc., to
   make appropriate use of the reporting block described in this memo.

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   Specifications for RTP congestion control algorithms can also provide
   guidance.

   It is a general understanding that the congestion control algorithms
   will work better with more frequent feedback - per packet feedback.
   However, RTCP bandwidth and transmission rules put some upper limits
   on how frequently the RTCP feedback messages can be send from the RTP
   receiver to the RTP sender.  It has been shown
   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-rtp-cc-feedback] that in most cases a per frame
   feedback is a reasonable assumption on how frequent the RTCP feedback
   messages can be transmitted.  It has also been noted that even if a
   higher frequency of feedback is desired it is not viable if the
   feedback messages starts to compete against the RTP traffic on the
   feedback path during congestion period.  Analyzing the feedback
   interval requirement [feedback-requirements] it can be seen that the
   candidate algorithms can perform with a feedback interval range of
   50-200ms.  A value within this range need to be negotiated at session
   setup.

5.  SDP Signalling

   A new "ack" feedback parameter, "ccfb", is defined for use with the
   "a=rtcp-fb:" SDP extension to indicate the use of the RTP Congestion
   Control feedback packet format defined in Section 3.  The ABNF
   definition of this SDP parameter extension is:

           rtcp-fb-ack-param = <See Section 4.2 of [RFC4585]>
           rtcp-fb-ack-param =/ ccfb-par
           ccfb-par          = SP "ccfb"

   The offer/answer rules for these SDP feedback parameters are
   specified in Section 4.2 of the RTP/AVPF profile [RFC4585].  When
   used with "ccfb" feedback, the wildcard payload type ("*") MUST be
   used.

6.  Relation to RFC 6679

   Use of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) with RTP is described
   in [RFC6679].  That specifies how to negotiate the use of ECN with
   RTP, and defines an RTCP ECN Feedback Packet to carry ECN feedback
   reports.  It uses an SDP "a=ecn-capaable-rtp:" attribute to negotiate
   use of ECN, and the "a=rtcp-fb:" attributes with the "nack" parameter
   "ecn" to negotiate the use of RTCP ECN Feedback Packets.

   The RTCP ECN Feedback Packet is not useful when ECN is used with the
   RTP Congestion Control Feedback Packet defined in this memo since it
   provides duplicate information.  Accordingly, when congestion control
   feedback is to be used with RTP and ECN, the SDP offer generated MUST

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   include an "a=ecn-capable-rtp:" attribute to negotiate ECN support,
   along with an "a=rtcp-fb:" attribute with the "ack" parameter "ccfb"
   to indicate that the RTP Congestion Control Feedback Packet is to be
   used for feedback.  The "a=rtcp-fb:" attribute MUST NOT include the
   "nack" parameter "ecn", so the RTCP ECN Feedback Packet will not be
   used.

7.  Design Rationale

   The primary function of RTCP SR/RR packets is to report statistics on
   the reception of RTP packets.  The reception report blocks sent in
   these packets contain information about observed jitter, fractional
   packet loss, and cumulative packet loss.  It was intended that this
   information could be used to support congestion control algorithms,
   but experience has shown that it is not sufficient for that purpose.
   An efficient congestion control algorithm requires more fine grained
   information on per packet reception quality than is provided by SR/RR
   packets to react effectively.

   The Codec Control Messages for the RTP/AVPF profile [RFC5104] include
   a Temporary Maximum Media Bit Rate (TMMBR) message.  This is used to
   convey a temporary maximum bit rate limitation from a receiver of RTP
   packets to their sender.  Even though it was not designed to replace
   congestion control, TMMBR has been used as a means to do receiver
   based congestion control where the session bandwidth is high enough
   to send frequent TMMBR messages, especially when used with non-
   compound RTCP packets [RFC5506].  This approach requires the receiver
   of the RTP packets to monitor their reception, determine the level of
   congestion, and recommend a maximum bit rate suitable for current
   available bandwidth on the path; it also assumes that the RTP sender
   can/will respect that bit rate.  This is the opposite of the sender
   based congestion control approach suggested in this memo, so TMMBR
   cannot be used to convey the information needed for a sender based
   congestion control.  TMMBR could, however, be viewed a complementary
   mechanism that can inform the sender of the receiver's current view
   of acceptable maximum bit rate.

   A number of RTCP eXtended Report (XR) blocks have previously been
   defined to report details of packet loss, arrival times [RFC3611],
   delay [RFC6843], and ECN marking [RFC6679].  It is possible to
   combine several such XR blocks to report the detailed loss, arrival
   time, and ECN marking marking information needed for effective
   sender-based congestion control.  However, the result has high
   overhead both in terms of bandwidth and complexity, due to the need
   to stack multiple reports.

   Considering these issues, we believe it appropriate to design a new
   RTCP feedback mechanism to convey information for sender based

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   congestion control algorithms.  The new congestion control feedback
   RTCP packet described in Section 3 provides such a mechanism.

8.  Acknowledgements

   This document is based on the outcome of a design team discussion in
   the RTP Media Congestion Avoidance Techniques (RMCAT) working group.
   The authors would like to thank David Hayes, Stefan Holmer, Randell
   Jesup, Ingemar Johansson, Jonathan Lennox, Sergio Mena, Nils
   Ohlmeier, Magnus Westerlund, and Xiaoqing Zhu for their valuable
   feedback.

9.  IANA Considerations

   The IANA is requested to register one new RTP/AVPF Transport-Layer
   Feedback Message in the table for FMT values for RTPFB Payload Types
   [RFC4585] as defined in Section 3.1:

         Name:      CCFB
         Long name: RTP Congestion Control Feedback
         Value:     (to be assigned by IANA)
         Reference: (RFC number of this document, when published)

   The IANA is also requested to register one new SDP "rtcp-fb"
   attribute "ack" parameter, "ccfb", in the SDP ("ack" and "nack"
   Attribute Values) registry:

         Value name:  ccfb
         Long name:   Congestion Control Feedback
         Usable with: ack
         Reference:   (RFC number of this document, when published)

10.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations of the RTP specification [RFC3550], the
   applicable RTP profile (e.g., [RFC3551], [RFC3711], or [RFC4585]),
   and the RTP congestion control algorithm that is in use (e.g.,
   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-nada], [RFC8298], [I-D.ietf-rmcat-gcc], or [RFC8382])
   apply.

   A receiver that intentionally generates inaccurate RTCP congestion
   control feedback reports might be able trick the sender into sending
   at a greater rate than the path can support, thereby congesting the
   path.  This will negatively impact the quality of experience of that
   receiver.  Since RTP is an unreliable transport, a sender can
   intentionally leave a gap in the RTP sequence number space without
   causing harm, to check that the receiver is correctly reporting
   losses.

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   An on-path attacker that can modify RTCP congestion control feedback
   packets can change the reports to trick the sender into sending at
   either an excessively high or excessively low rate, leading to denial
   of service.  The secure RTCP profile [RFC3711] can be used to
   authenticate RTCP packets to protect against this attack.

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-rtp-cc-feedback]
              Perkins, C., "RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Feedback for
              Congestion Control in Interactive Multimedia Conferences",
              draft-ietf-rmcat-rtp-cc-feedback-04 (work in progress),
              July 2018.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-
              editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3168]  Ramakrishnan, K., Floyd, S., and D. Black, "The Addition
              of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP",
              RFC 3168, DOI 10.17487/RFC3168, September 2001,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3168>.

   [RFC3550]  Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
              Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
              Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, DOI 10.17487/RFC3550,
              July 2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3550>.

   [RFC3551]  Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and
              Video Conferences with Minimal Control", STD 65, RFC 3551,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3551, July 2003, <https://www.rfc-
              editor.org/info/rfc3551>.

   [RFC3611]  Friedman, T., Ed., Caceres, R., Ed., and A. Clark, Ed.,
              "RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)",
              RFC 3611, DOI 10.17487/RFC3611, November 2003,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3611>.

   [RFC3711]  Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
              Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
              RFC 3711, DOI 10.17487/RFC3711, March 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3711>.

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                [Page 10]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   [RFC4585]  Ott, J., Wenger, S., Sato, N., Burmeister, C., and J. Rey,
              "Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control
              Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF)", RFC 4585,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4585, July 2006, <https://www.rfc-
              editor.org/info/rfc4585>.

   [RFC5124]  Ott, J. and E. Carrara, "Extended Secure RTP Profile for
              Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback
              (RTP/SAVPF)", RFC 5124, DOI 10.17487/RFC5124, February
              2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5124>.

   [RFC5506]  Johansson, I. and M. Westerlund, "Support for Reduced-Size
              Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP): Opportunities
              and Consequences", RFC 5506, DOI 10.17487/RFC5506, April
              2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5506>.

   [RFC6679]  Westerlund, M., Johansson, I., Perkins, C., O'Hanlon, P.,
              and K. Carlberg, "Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)
              for RTP over UDP", RFC 6679, DOI 10.17487/RFC6679, August
              2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6679>.

11.2.  Informative References

   [feedback-requirements]
              "RMCAT Feedback Requirements",
              <://www.ietf.org/proceedings/95/slides/slides-95-rmcat-
              1.pdf>.

   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-gcc]
              Holmer, S., Lundin, H., Carlucci, G., Cicco, L., and S.
              Mascolo, "A Google Congestion Control Algorithm for Real-
              Time Communication", draft-ietf-rmcat-gcc-02 (work in
              progress), July 2016.

   [I-D.ietf-rmcat-nada]
              Zhu, X., *, R., Ramalho, M., Cruz, S., Jones, P., Fu, J.,
              and S. D'Aronco, "NADA: A Unified Congestion Control
              Scheme for Real-Time Media", draft-ietf-rmcat-nada-09
              (work in progress), August 2018.

   [RFC5104]  Wenger, S., Chandra, U., Westerlund, M., and B. Burman,
              "Codec Control Messages in the RTP Audio-Visual Profile
              with Feedback (AVPF)", RFC 5104, DOI 10.17487/RFC5104,
              February 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5104>.

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                [Page 11]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   [RFC6843]  Clark, A., Gross, K., and Q. Wu, "RTP Control Protocol
              (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for Delay Metric
              Reporting", RFC 6843, DOI 10.17487/RFC6843, January 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6843>.

   [RFC8298]  Johansson, I. and Z. Sarker, "Self-Clocked Rate Adaptation
              for Multimedia", RFC 8298, DOI 10.17487/RFC8298, December
              2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8298>.

   [RFC8382]  Hayes, D., Ed., Ferlin, S., Welzl, M., and K. Hiorth,
              "Shared Bottleneck Detection for Coupled Congestion
              Control for RTP Media", RFC 8382, DOI 10.17487/RFC8382,
              June 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8382>.

Authors' Addresses

   Zaheduzzaman Sarker
   Ericsson AB
   Luleae
   Sweden

   Phone: +46107173743
   Email: zaheduzzaman.sarker@ericsson.com

   Colin Perkins
   University of Glasgow
   School of Computing Science
   Glasgow  G12 8QQ
   United Kingdom

   Email: csp@csperkins.org

   Varun Singh
   CALLSTATS I/O Oy
   Annankatu 31-33 C 42
   Helsinki  00100
   Finland

   Email: varun.singh@iki.fi
   URI:   http://www.callstats.io/

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                [Page 12]
Internet-Draft     Congestion Control Feedback in RTCP     December 2018

   Michael A. Ramalho
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   6310 Watercrest Way Unit 203
   Lakewood Ranch, FL  34202
   USA

   Phone: +1 919 476 2038
   Email: mramalho@cisco.com

Sarker, et al.            Expires June 26, 2019                [Page 13]