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Applicability of the Access Node Control Mechanism to Broadband Networks Based on Passive Optical Networks (PONs)
draft-ietf-ancp-pon-05

The information below is for an old version of the document that is already published as an RFC.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 6934.
Authors Dr. Nabil N. Bitar , Sanjay Wadhwa , Thomas Haag , Li Hongyu
Last updated 2015-10-14 (Latest revision 2013-02-24)
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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draft-ietf-ancp-pon-05
Network Working Group                            Nabil Bitar(ed.)  
                                                 Verizon  
Internet Draft                                                   
Intended Status: Informational                   Sanjay Wadhwa (ed.)  
                                                 Alcatel-Lucent  
Expires: August 25, 2013               
                                                 Thomas Haag  
                                                 Deutsche Telekom  
                                    
                                                 Hongyu Li     
                                                 Huawei Technologies  
                                    
                                                 February 25, 2013 
    
 
                                    
 
       Applicability of Access Node Control Mechanism to                     
                PON based Broadband Networks   
                                         
                 draft-ietf-ancp-pon-05.txt  
 

Abstract 

The purpose of this document is to provide applicability of the  
Access Node Control mechanism to Passive Optical Network (PON)-based 
broadband access. The need for an Access Node Control mechanism 
between a Network Access Server (NAS) and an Access Node Complex (a 
combination of Optical Line Termination (OLT) and Optical Network 
Termination (ONT) elements) is described in a multi-service reference 
architecture in order to perform QoS-related, service-related and 
Subscriber-related operations. The Access Node Control mechanism is 
also extended for interaction between components of the Access Node 
Complex (OLT and ONT). The Access Node Control mechanism will ensure 
that the transmission of information between the NAS and Access Node 
Complex (ANX) and between the OLT and ONT within an ANX does not need 
to go through distinct element managers but rather uses a direct 
device-to-device communication and stays on net. This allows for 
performing access link related operations within those network 
elements to meet performance objectives. 
 

 
 
 
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Internet-Draft       draft-ietf-ancp-pon-05       February 2013 
 
Status of this Memo 

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the 
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Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering 
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months 
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any 
time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference 
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." 

This Internet-Draft will expire on August 25,2013. 

Copyright Notice 

Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the 
document authors. All rights reserved. 

This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal 
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents 
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of 
publication of this document. Please review these documents 
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with 
respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this 
document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in 
Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without 
warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. 

 

 

    

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Table of Contents 

1. Introduction 
..................................................... 3 
2. Terminology 
...................................................... 5 
3. Motivation for explicit extension of ANCP to FTTx PON ............ 7 
4. Reference Model for PON Based Broadband Access Network 
........... 8 
4.1. Functional Blocks ............................................. 10 
4.1.1. Home Gateway  ............................................... 10 
4.1.2. PON Access  ................................................. 10 
4.1.3. Access Node Complex  ........................................ 11 
4.1.4. Access Node Complex Uplink to the NAS ....................... 11 
4.1.5. Aggregation Network ......................................... 11 
4.1.6. Network Access Server ....................................... 11 
4.1.7. Regional Network ............................................ 11 
4.2. Access Node Complex Control Reference Architecture Options .... 12 
4.2.1. ANCP+OMCI ANX Control ....................................... 12 
4.2.2. All-ANCP ANX Control ........................................ 13 
5. Concept of Access Node Control Mechanism for PON Based Access ... 14 
6. Multicast ....................................................... 17 
6.1. Multicast Conditional Access .................................. 18 
6.2. Multicast Admission Control ................................... 20 
6.3. Multicast Accounting .......................................... 33 
7. Remote Connectivity Check ....................................... 33 
8. Access Topology Discovery ....................................... 34 
9. Access Loop Configuration ....................................... 36 
10. Security Considerations ........................................ 37 
11. Differences in ANCP applicability between DSL and PON .......... 38 
12. ANCP versus OMCI between the OLT and ONT/ONU ................... 39 
13. IANA Considerations 
............................................ 40 
14. Acknowledgements ............................................... 40 
15. References 
..................................................... 41 
15.1. Normative References  ........................................ 41 
15.2. Informative References ....................................... 41 
     

1. Introduction 

Passive Optical Networks (PONs) based on BPON [G.983.1] and GPON 
[G.984.1] are being deployed across carrier networks. There are two 
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models for PON deployment: Fiber to the building/curb (FTTB/FTTC), 
and Fiber to the Premises (FTTP). In the FTTB/C deployment, the last 
mile connectivity to the subscriber premises is provided over the 
local Copper loop, often using Very High Speed Digital Subscriber 
line (VDSL). In the FTTP case, PON extends to the premises of the 
subscriber. In addition, there are four main PON technologies: (1) 
Broadband PON (BPON), (2) Gigabit PON (GPON), (3) 10-Gigabit PON (XG-
PON), and (4) Ethernet PON (EPON). This document describes the 
applicability of Access Node Control Protocol (ANCP) in the context 
of FTTB/C and FTTP deployments, focusing on BPON, GPON and XG-PON. 
Architectural considerations lead to different ANCP compositions. 
Therefore, the composition of ANCP communication between Access Nodes 
and Network Access Server (NAS) is described using different models. 
 
BPON, GPON and XG-PON in FTTP deployments provide large bandwidth in 
the first mile, bandwidth that is an order of magnitude larger than 
that provided by xDSL. In the downstream direction, BPON 
provides 622 Mbps per PON while GPON provides 2.4 Gbps, and XG-PON 
provides 10 Gbps. 
 
In residential deployments, the number of homes sharing the same PON 
is limited by the technology and the network engineering rules. 
Typical deployments have 32-64 homes per PON. 
 
The motive behind BPON, GPON and XG-PON deployment is providing 
triple-play services over IP: voice, video and data. Voice is 
generally low bandwidth but has low-delay, low-jitter, and low 
packet-loss requirements. Data services (e.g., Internet services) 
often require high throughput and can tolerate medium latency. Data 
services may include multimedia content download such as video. 
However, in that case, the video content is not required to be real-
time and/or it is low quality video. Video services, on the other 
hand, are targeted to deliver Standard Definition or High Definition 
video content in real-time or near-real time, depending on the 
service model. Standard Definition content using MPEG2 encoding 
requires on the order of 3.75 Mbps per stream while High definition 
content using MPEG2 encoding requires on the order of 15-19 Mbps 
depending on the level of compression used. Video services require 
low-jitter and low-packet loss with low start-time latency. There are 
two types of video services: on demand and broadcast (known also as 
liner programming content). While linear programming content can be 
provided over Layer1 on the PON, the focus in this document is on 
delivering linear programming content over IP to the subscriber, 
using IP multicast. Video on demand is also considered for delivery 

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to the subscriber over IP using a unicast session model. 
 
Providing simultaneous triple-play services over IP with unicast 
video and multicast video, VoIP and data requires an architecture 
that preserves the quality of service of each service. Fundamental to 
this architecture is ensuring that the video content (unicast and 
multicast) delivered to the subscriber does not exceed the bandwidth 
allocated to the subscriber for video services. Architecture models 
often ensure that data is guaranteed a minimum bandwidth and that 
VoIP is guaranteed its own bandwidth. In addition, QoS control across 
services is often performed at a Network Access Server (NAS), often 
referred to as Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) for subscriber 
management, per subscriber and shared link resources. Efficient 
multicast video services require enabling multicast services in the 
access network between the subscriber and the subscriber management 
platform. In the FTTP/B/C PON environment, this implies enabling IP 
multicast on the Access Node (AN) complex composed of the Optical 
Network Terminal (ONT) or Unit (ONU) and Optical Line Terminal (OLT), 
as applicable. This is as opposed to Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 
deployments where multicast is enabled on the DSL Access Multiplexer 
(DSLAM) only. The focus in this document will be on the ANCP 
requirements needed for coordinated admission control of unicast and 
multicast video in FTTP/B/C PON environments between the AN complex 
(ANX) and the NAS, specifically focusing on bandwidth dedicated for 
multicast and shared bandwidth between multicast and unicast. 
 
[RFC5851] provides the framework and requirements for coordinated 
admission control between a NAS and an AN with special focus on DSL 
deployments. This document extends that framework and the related 
requirements to explicitly address PON deployments. 
 
2.  Terminology 

- PON (Passive Optical Network) [G.983.1][G.984.1]: a point-to-
multipoint fiber to the premises network architecture in which 
unpowered splitters are used to enable the splitting of an optical 
signal from a central office on a single optical fiber to multiple 
premises. Up to 32-128 may be supported on the same PON. A PON 
configuration consists of an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at the 
Service Provider's Central Office (CO) and a number of Optical 
Network Units or Terminals (ONU/ONT) near end users, with an optical 
distribution network (ODN) composed of fibers and splitters between 
them. A PON configuration reduces the amount of fiber and CO 
equipment required compared with point-to-point architectures. 

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- Access Node Complex (ANX): The Access Node Complex is composed of 
two geographically separated functional elements OLT and ONU/ONT. The 
general term Access Node Complex (ANX) will be used when describing a 
functionality which does not depend on the physical location but 
rather on the "black box" behavior of OLT and ONU/ONT. 
 
-Optical Line Terminal (OLT): is located in the Service provider's 
central office (CO). It terminates and aggregates multiple PONs 
(providing fiber access to multiple premises or neighborhoods) on the 
subscriber side, and interfaces with the Network Access server (NAS) 
that provides subscriber management. 
 
- Optical Network Terminal (ONT): terminates PON on the network side 
and provides PON adaptation. The subscriber side interface and the 
location of the ONT are dictated by the type of network deployment. 
For a Fiber-to-the-Premise (FTTP) deployment (with Fiber all the way 
to the apartment or living unit), ONT has Ethernet (FE/GE/MoCA) 
connectivity with the Home Gateway (HGW)/Customer Premise 
Equipment(CPE). In certain cases, one ONT may provide connections to 
more than one Home Gateway at the same time. 
 
-Optical Network Unit (ONU): A generic term denoting a device that 
terminates any one of the distributed (leaf) endpoints of an Optical 
Distribution Node (ODN), implements a PON protocol, and adapts PON 
PDUs to subscriber service interfaces. In case of an MDU multi-
dwelling or multi-tenant unit, a multi-subscriber ONU typically 
resides in the basement or a wiring closet (FTTB case), and has 
FE/GE/Ethernet over native Ethernet link or over xDSL (typically 
VDSL) connectivity with each CPE at the subscriber premises. In the 
case where fiber is terminated outside the premises (neighborhood or 
curb side) on an ONT/ONU, the last-leg-premises connections could be 
via existing or new Copper, with xDSL physical layer (typically 
VDSL). In this case, the ONU effectively is a "PON fed DSLAM". 
 
-Network Access Server (NAS): Network element which aggregates 
subscriber traffic from a number of ANs or ANXs. The NAS is often an 
injection point for policy management and IP QoS in the access 
network. It is also referred to as Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) or 
Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS). 
 
-Home Gateway (HGW): Network element that connects subscriber devices 
to the AN or ANX and the access network. In case of xDSL, the Home 
Gateway is an xDSL network termination that could either operate as a 

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Layer 2 bridge or as a Layer 3 router. In the latter case, such a 
device is also referred to as a Routing Gateway (RG). In the case of 
PON, it is often a Layer3 routing device with the ONT performing PON 
termination. 
 
-PON-Customer-ID: This is an identifier which uniquely identifies the 
ANX and the access loop logical port on the ANX to the subscriber 
(customer) premises, and is used in any interaction between NAS and 
ANX that relates to access-loops. Logically it is composed of 
information containing identification of the OLT (the OLT may be 
physically directly connected to the NAS), the PON port on the OLT, 
the ONT/ONU, and the port on the ONT/ONU connecting to the subscriber 
HGW. When acting as a DHCP relay agent, the OLT can encode PON-
Customer-ID in the "Agent-Circuit-Identifier" Sub-option in Option-82 
of the DHCP messages [RFC3046]. 
 
3. Motivation for explicit extension of ANCP to FTTx PON 

The fundamental difference between PON and DSL is that a PON is an 
optical broadcast network by definition. That is, at the PON level, 
every ONT on the same PON sees the same signal. However, the ONT 
filters only those PON frames addressed to it. Encryption is used on 
the PON to prevent eavesdropping. 
 
The broadcast PON capability is very suitable to delivering multicast 
content to connected premises, maximizing bandwidth usage efficiency 
on the PON. Similar to DSL deployments, enabling multicast on the 
Access Node Complex (ANX) provides for bandwidth use efficiency on 
the path between the Access Node and the NAS as well as improves the 
scalability of the NAS by reducing the amount of multicast traffic 
being replicated at the NAS. However, the broadcast capability on the 
PON enables the AN (OLT) to send one copy on the PON as opposed to 
one copy to each receiver on the PON. The PON multicast capability 
can be leveraged in the case of GPON and BPON as discussed in this 
document. 
 
Fundamental to leveraging the broadcast capability on the PON for 
multicast delivery is the ability to assign a single encryption key 
for all PON frames carrying all multicast channels or a key per set 
of multicast channels that correspond to service packages, or none. 
When supporting encryption for multicast channels, the encryption key 
is generated by the OLT and sent by the OLT to each targeted ONT via 
the ONT Management and Control Interface (OMCI) as described in 
section 15.5.2 of ITU-T G.987.3 [G.987.3] for XG-PON. It should be 
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noted that the ONT can be a multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU) ONT with 
multiple Ethernet ports, each connected to a living unit. Thus, the 
ONT must not only be able to receive a multicast frame, but must also 
be able to forward that frame only to the Ethernet port with 
receivers for the corresponding channel. 

In order to implement triple-play service delivery with necessary 
"quality-of-experience", including end-to-end bandwidth optimized 
multicast video delivery, there needs to be tight coordination 
between the NAS and the ANX. This interaction needs to be near real-
time as services are requested via application or network level 
signaling by broadband subscribers. ANCP as defined in [RFC5851] for 
DSL based networks is very suitable to realize a control protocol 
(with transactional exchange capabilities), between PON enabled ANX 
and the NAS, and also between the components comprising the ANX, 
i.e., between OLT and the ONT. Typical use cases for ANCP in PON 
environment include the following: 
 
       - Access topology discovery        
       - Access Loop Configuration  
       - Multicast    
            - Optimized multicast delivery   
            - Unified video resource control   
            - NAS based provisioning of ANX  
       - Remote connectivity check  
 
4. Reference Model for PON Based Broadband Access Network 

An overall end-to-end reference architecture of a PON access network 
is depicted in Figure 1 and Figure 2 with ONT serving a single HGW, 
and ONT/ONU serving multiples HGWs, respectively. An OLT may provide 
FTTP and FTTB/C access at the same time but most likely not on the 
same PON port. Specifically, the following PON cases are addressed in 
the context of this reference architecture: 
 
        - BPON with Ethernet uplink to the NAS and ATM on the PON   
side. 
        - GPON/XG-PON with Ethernet uplink to the NAS and Ethernet on 
the PON side 
 
In case of an Ethernet aggregation network that supports new QoS-
enabled IP services (including Ethernet multicast replication), the 
architecture builds on the reference architecture specified in the 
Broadband Forum (BBF) [TR-101]. The Ethernet aggregation network 

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between a NAS and an OLT may be degenerated to one or more direct 
physical Ethernet links. 
 
Given the industry move towards Ethernet as the new access and 
aggregation technology for triple play services, the primary focus 
throughout this document is on GPON/XG-PON and BPON with Ethernet 
between the NAS and the OLT. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                       Access           Customer 
                           <---------Aggregation-------><-Prem-> 
                                       Network           Network  
                                            
                                    +------------------+ 
                                    |  Access Node     |   
                                    |  Complex (ANX)   |          
      +---------+   +---+  +-----+  |+---+       +---+ |  +---+ 
      |         | +-|NAS|--|Eth  |--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONT|-|--|HGW| 
NSP---+Regional | | +---+  |Agg  |  |+---+       +---+ |  +---+ 
      |Broadband| | +---+  +-----+  +------------------+ 
      |Network  |-+-|NAS|                  | 
ASP---+         | | +---+                  | 
      |         | | +---+                  | 
      +---------+ +-|NAS|                  |       +---+  +---+ 
                    +---|                  +-<PON>-|ONT|--|HGW| 
                                               |   +---+  +---+ 
                                               |  
                                               |   +---+  +---+ 
                                               +---|ONT|--|HGW| 
                                                   +---+  +---+ 
      HGW      : Home Gateway 
      NAS      : Network Access Server 
      PON      : Passive Optical Network 
      OLT      : Optical Line Terminal 
      ONT      : Optical Network Terminal 
 
                       
                  Figure 1:  Access Network with PON. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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                                                      FE/GE/VDSL   
                                                      +---+ +---+   
                             +----------------+       |   |-|HGW|   
      +---------+   +-----+  | +-----+  +----+|       |   | +---+   
      |         | +-|NAS  |--| |Eth  |--|OLT||-<PON>- |   |    
NSP---+Regional | | +-----+  | |Agg  |  |    ||     | |ONT| +---+ 
      |         | |          | |     |  |    ||     | | or|-|HGW|   
      |Broadband| | +-----+  | +-----+  +----+|     | |ONU| +---+   
      |Network  |-+-|NAS  |  +----------------+     | |   |        
ASP---+         | | +-----+                         | |   | +---+   
      |         | | +-----+                         | |   |-|HGW|   
      +---------+ +-|NAS  |                         | +---+ +---+   
                    +-----+                         |     
                                                    | +---+ +---+   
                                                    +-|ONT|-|HGW|   
                                                      +---+ +---+   
 
Figure 2: FTTP/FTTB/C with multi-subscriber ONT/ONU serving MTUs/MDUs. 
The following sections describe the functional blocks and network 
segments in the PON access reference architecture. 
 
4.1. Functional Blocks 

4.1.1. Home Gateway 

The Home Gateway (HGW) connects the different Customer Premises 
Equipment (CPE) to the ANX and the access network. In case of PON, 
the HGW is a layer 3 router. In this case, the HGW performs IP 
configuration of devices within the home via DHCP, and performs 
Network Address and Port Translation (NAPT) between the LAN and WAN 
side. In case of FTTP/B/C, the HGW connects to the ONT/ONU over an 
Ethernet interface. That Ethernet interface could be over an Ethernet 
physical port or over another medium. In case of FTTP, it is possible 
to have a single box GPON CPE solution, where the ONT encompasses the 
HGW functionality as well as the GPON adaptation function. 
 
4.1.2. PON Access 

PON access is composed of the ONT/ONU and OLT. PON ensures 
physical connectivity between the ONT/ONU at the customer 
premises and the OLT. PON framing can be BPON (in case of BPON) 
or GPON (in case of GPON). The protocol encapsulation on BPON is 

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based on multi-protocol encapsulation over AAL5, defined in 
[RFC2684].  This covers PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE, defined in 
[RFC2516]), or bridged IP (IPoE). The protocol encapsulation on 
GPON is always IPoE. In all cases, the connection between the AN 
(OLT) and the NAS (or BNG) is assumed to be Ethernet in this 
document. 
 
4.1.3. Access Node Complex 

This is composed of OLT and ONT/ONU and is defined in section 2. 

4.1.4. Access Node Complex Uplink to the NAS 

The ANX uplink connects the OLT to the NAS. The fundamental 
requirements for the ANX uplink are to provide traffic aggregation, 
Class of Service distinction and customer separation and 
traceability. This can be achieved using an ATM or an Ethernet based 
technology. The focus in this document is on Ethernet as stated 
earlier. 
 
4.1.5. Aggregation Network 

The aggregation network provides traffic aggregation towards the NAS. 
The Aggregation network is assumed to be Ethernet in this document.    
 
4.1.6. Network Access Server 

The NAS is a network device which aggregates multiplexed Subscriber 
traffic from a number of ANXs. The NAS plays a central role in per-
subscriber policy enforcement and QoS. It is often referred to as a 
Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) or Broadband Remote Access Server 
(BRAS). A detailed definition of the NAS is given in [RFC2881]. The 
NAS interfaces to the aggregation network by means of 802.1Q or 802.1 
Q-in-Q Ethernet interfaces, and towards the Regional Network by means 
of transport interfaces (e.g., GigE, PPP over SONET). The NAS 
functionality corresponds to the BNG functionality described in 
BroadBand Forum (BBF) TR-101 [TR-101]. In addition, the NAS supports 
the Access Node Control functionality defined for the respective use 
cases in this document. 
 
4.1.7. Regional Network 

The Regional Network connects one or more NAS and associated Access 
Networks to Network Service Providers (NSPs) and Application Service 

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Providers (ASPs). The NSP authenticates access and provides and 
manages the IP address to Subscribers. It is responsible for overall 
service assurance and includes Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The 
ASP provides application services to the application Subscriber 
(gaming, video, content on demand, IP telephony, etc.). The NAS can 
be part of the NSP network. Similarly, the NSP can be the ASP. 
 
 4.2. Access Node Complex Control Reference Architecture Options 

Section 3 details the differences between xDSL access and PON access 
and the implication of these differences on DSLAM control vs. OLT and 
ONT/ONU (access node complex (ANX)) control. The following sections 
describe two reference models: (1) ANCP+OMCI ANX control, and (2) 
all-ANCP ANX control. That is, the two models differ in the ONT/ONU 
control within the ANX. Implementations, out of the scope of this 
document, may choose to implement one or the other based on the 
ONT/ONU type and the capabilities of the ONT/ONU and OLT. It is 
possible for an OLT or an OLT PON port to connect to ONTs/ONUs with 
different capabilities and for these two models to co-exist on the 
same OLT and same PON. Section 12 describes the differences between 
OMCI and ANCP in controlling the ONU/ONT. 
 
OMCI is designed as a protocol between the OLT and ONT/ONU. It 
enables the OLT to configure and administer capabilities on the 
ONT/ONU in BPON, GPON and XG-PON. ANCP is designed as a protocol 
between the NAS and access node. It enables the NAS to enforce 
dynamic policies on the access node, and the access node to report 
events to the NAS among other functions. 
 
4.2.1. ANCP+OMCI ANX Control 

Figure 3 depicts the reference model for ANCP+OMCI ANX control. In 
this model, ANCP is enabled between the NAS and a connected OLT, and 
OMCI is enabled between the OLT and an attached ONT/ONU. NAS 
communicates with the ANX via ANCP. The OLT acts as an ANCP/OMCI 
gateway for communicating necessary events and policies between the 
OLT and ONT/ONU within the ANX and for communicating relevant 
policies and events between the ONT/ONU and the NAS. The 
functionality performed by the OLT as ANCP/OMCI gateway will be 
application dependent (e.g., multicast control, topology discovery) 
and should be specified in a related specification. It should be 
noted that some applications are expected to require ANCP and/or OMCI 
extensions to map messages between OMCI and ANCP. OMCI extensions are 
likely to be defined by the ITU-T. It should also be noted that OMCI, 
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in addition to configuration and administration, provides the 
capability to report status changes on an ONT/ONU with AVC (Attribute 
Value Change) notifications. When ONT/ONU's DSL or Ethernet UNI 
attributes change, a related ME (management Entity) will send a 
corresponding notification (AVC) to the OLT. The OLT interworks such 
notification into an ANCP report and sends it to the connected NAS 
via the ANCP session between the OLT and the NAS. As the ANCP report 
contains information of ONT/ONU's UNI and OLT's PON port, NAS can 
obtain accurate information of access topology. 
                                  +----------------------+           
                                  |         ANX          |  
      +---------+   +---+  +---+  |+---+       +-------+ | +---+  
      |         | +-|NAS|--|Eth|--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|-|-|HGW|  
NSP---+Regional | | +---+  |Agg|  |+---+       +-------+ | +---+  
      |Broadband| | +---+  +---+  +----------------------+              
      |Network  |-+-|NAS|               |                              
ASP---+         | | +---+               |                              
      |         | | +---+               |                              
      +---------+ +-|NAS|               |       +-------+ +---+  
                    +---|               +-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|-|HGW|  
                                             |  +-------+ +---+               
                                             |  +---+     +---+  
                                             +--|ONT|-----|HGW|  
                                                +---+     +---+  
                           ANCP                 OMCI  
                  +<--------------->+<----------->+  
    
   HGW: Home Gateway   
   NAS: Network Access Server   
   PON: Passive Optical Network   
   OLT: Optical Line Terminal   
   ONT: Optical Network Terminal  
   ONU: Optical Network Unit  
 
Figure 3: Access Network with single ANCP+OMCI access control 

    

4.2.2. All-ANCP ANX Control 

Figure 4 depicts the All-ANCP ANX control reference model. In this 
model, an ANCP session is enabled between a NAS and a connected OLT, 
and another ANCP session is enabled between the OLT and a connected 
ONT/ONU. ANCP enables communication of policies and events between 
the OLT and the ANX. The OLT acts as a gateway to relay policies and 
events between the NAS and ONT/ONU within the ANX in addition to 

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communicating policies and events between the OLT and ONT/ONU. It 
should be noted that in this model, OMCI(not shown) is expected to be 
simultaneously enabled between the ONT and OLT, supporting existing 
OMCI capabilities and applications on the PON, independent of ANCP or 
applications intended to be supported by ANCP.   
 
 
                                  +----------------------+         
                                  | Access Node Complex  |     
                                  |      (ANX)           |  
      +---------+   +---+  +---+  |+---+       +-------+ |  +---+      
      |         | +-|NAS|--|Eth|--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONU/ONT| |--|HGW|   
NSP---+Regional | | +---+  |Agg|  |+---+       +-------+ |  +---+     
      |Broadband| | +---+  +---+  +----------------------+         
      |Network  |-+-|NAS|                |                               
ASP---+         | | +---+                |                               
      |         | | +---+                |                      
      +---------+ +-|NAS|                |       +-------+  +---+       
                    +---|                +-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|--|HGW|    
                                             |   +-------+  +---+    
                                             |    
                                             |   +-------+  +---+         
                                             +---|ONU/ONT|--|HGW|   
                                                 +-------+  +---+       
                                                                    
                           ANCP               ANCP  
                  +<----------------->+<---------->+  
    
    HGW: Home Gateway   
    NAS: Network Access Server   
    PON: Passive Optical Network   
    OLT: Optical Line Terminal   
    ONT: Optical Network Terminal  
    ONU: Optical Network Unit  
         
              Figure 4:  All-ANCP ANX Reference Model  
 

5. Concept of Access Node Control Mechanism for PON Based Access 

The high-level communication framework for an Access Node Control 
mechanism is shown in Figure 5 for the ALL-ANCP ANX control model. 
The Access Node Control mechanism defines a quasi real-time, general-
purpose method for multiple network scenarios with an extensible 
communication scheme, addressing the different use cases that are 
described in the sections that follow. The access node control 
mechanism is also extended to run between OLT and ONT/ONU. The 
mechanism consists of control function, and reporting and/or 
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enforcement function. Controller function is used to receive status 
information or admission requests from the reporting function. It is 
also used to trigger a certain behavior in the network element where 
the reporting and/or enforcement function resides. 
 
The reporting function is used to convey status information to the 
controller function that requires the information for executing local 
functions. The enforcement function can be contacted by the 
controller function to enforce a specific policy or trigger a local 
action. The messages shown in Figure 5 show the conceptual message 
flow. The actual use of these flows, and the times or frequencies 
when these messages are generated depend on the actual use cases, 
which are described in later sections.     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  +--------+   
  | Policy |                               +----+   
  | Server |                    +--<PON>---|ONT |------- HGW   
  +--------+                   +           +----+  +---+        
       |                      +         +----------|ONT|----HGW   
       |                     +          |          +---+   
       |               +----------------|-------------+   
    +----+             | +----+         |     +-----+ |    +---+   
    |NAS |---------------|    |         |     |     |-|----|HGW|   
    |    |<------------->|    |         |     | ONU | |    +---+   
    +----+     ANCP    | |OLT |------<PON>----|     | |              
       |               | |    |               |     | |    +---+   
       |               | |    |<------------->|     |------|HGW|   
       |               | +----+    ANCP       +-----+ |    +---+    
       |               +------------------------------+                    
       |                    |    Access Node      |                                       
       | Control Request    |                     |             
       | ------------------>| Control Request     |               
       |                    |-------------------->|               
       |                    | Control Response    |   
       | Control Response   |<------------------- |                                       
       |<-------------------|                     |               
       |                    |Admission Request    |   
       | Admission Request  |<--------------------|   
       |<-------------------|                     |               
       |Admission Response  |                     |           
       |------------------->|Admission Response   |              
       |                    |-------------------->|             
       |Information Report  |                     |            
       |<-------------------|                     |   
       Access Node Control     Access Node Control   
           Mechanism                Mechanism        
       <--------------------><-------------------->      
                              PPP, DHCP, IP                              
       <------------------------------------------------------>   
 
Figure 5: Conceptual message flow for Access Node Control mechanism 
in all-ANCP ANX control model. 
    
As discussed previously, in different PON deployment scenarios, ANCP 
may be used in variant ways and may interwork with other protocols, 
e.g., OMCI. In the ANCP+OMCI model described earlier, the NAS 
maintains ANCP adjacency with the OLT while the OLT controls the 
ONT/ONU via OMCI. The messages shown in Figure 6 show the conceptual 
message flow for this model.  The actual use of these flows, and the 
times or frequencies when these messages are generated depend on the 
actual use cases. 

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  +--------+   
  | Policy |   
  | Server |   
  +--------+                                  +---+        +---+  
       |                                +---- |ONT|--------|HGW|  
       |                                |     +---+        +---+  
       |               +--------------- |-------------+   
    +----+             | +----+         |     +-----+ |    +---+  
    |NAS |---------------|    |         |     |     |-|----|HGW|  
    |    |<------------->|    |         |     | ONU | |    +---+  
    +----+     ANCP    | |OLT |------<PON>----|     | |             
       |               | |    |               |     | |    +---+  
       |               | |    |<------------->|     |------|HGW|  
       |               | +----+    OMCI       +-----+ |    +---+  
       |               +-----------------------------+              
       |                    |    Access Node      |                 
       | Control Request    |                     |                 
       | ------------------>| Control Request     |                 
       |                    |-------------------->|                 
       |                    | Control Response    |                 
       | Control Response   |<------------------- |                 
       |<-------------------|                     |                 
       |                    |Admission Request    |                 
       | Admission Request  |<--------------------|                 
       |<-------------------|                     |                 
       |Admission Response  |                     |                 
       |------------------->|Admission Response   |                 
       |                    |-------------------->|                 
       |Information Report  |                     |                 
       |<-------------------|                     |                 
       Access Node Control     Operating Maintenance                
           Mechanism          Control Interface (OMCI)              
       <--------------------><-------------------->                 
                                                                    
                              PPP, DHCP, IP                         
       <------------------------------------------------------->  
    
Figure 6: Conceptual Message Flow for ANCP+OMCI ANX control model. 
  
6. Multicast 

With the rise of supporting IPTV services in a resource-efficient 
way, multicast services are becoming increasingly important. 
 
In order to gain bandwidth optimization with multicast, the 
replication of multicast content per access-loop needs to be 
distributed to the ANX. This can be done by ANX (OLT and ONT/ONU) 
becoming multicast aware by implementing an IGMP [RFC3376]  

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snooping and/or proxy function [RFC4605]. The replication thus needs 
to be distributed between NAS, aggregation nodes, and ANX. In case of 
GPON, and in case of BPON with Ethernet uplink, this is very viable. 
By introducing IGMP processing on the ANX and aggregation nodes, the 
multicast replication process is now divided between the NAS, the 
aggregation node(s) and ANX. This is in contrast to the ATM-based 
model where NAS is the single element responsible for all multicast 
control and replication. In order to ensure backward compatibility 
with the ATM-based model, the NAS, aggregation node and ANX need to 
behave as a single logical device. This logical device must have 
exactly the same functionality as the NAS in the ATM 
access/aggregation network. The Access Node Control Mechanism can be 
used to make sure that this logical/functional equivalence is 
achieved by exchanging the necessary information between the ANX and 
the NAS. 
 
An alternative to multicast awareness in the ANX is for the 
subscriber to communicate the IGMP "join/leave" messages with the 
NAS, while the ANX is being transparent to these messages. In this 
scenario, the NAS can use ANCP to create replication state in the ANX 
for efficient multicast replication. The NAS sends a single copy of 
the multicast stream towards the ANX. The NAS can perform network-
based conditional access and multicast admission control on multicast 
joins, and create replication state in the ANX if the request is 
admitted by the NAS. 
 
The following sections describe various use cases related to 
multicast. 
 
6.1. Multicast Conditional Access 

In a Broadband FTTP/B/C access scenario, Service Providers may want 
to dynamically control, at the network level, access to some 
multicast flows on a per user basis. This may be used in order to 
differentiate among multiple Service Offers or to realize/reinforce 
conditional access based on customer subscription. Note that, in some 
environments, application layer conditional access by means of 
Digital Rights Management (DRM) for instance may provide sufficient 
control so that network-based Multicast conditional access may not be 
needed. However, network level access control may add to the service 
security by preventing the subscriber from receiving a non-subscribed 
channel. In addition, it enhances network security by preventing a 
multicast stream from being sent on a link or a PON based on a non-
subscriber request. 

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Where network-based channel conditional access is desired, there are 
two approaches. It can be done on the NAS along with bandwidth-based 
admission control. The NAS can control the replication state on the 
ANX based on the outcome of access and bandwidth based admission 
control. This is covered in a later section. The other approach is to 
provision the necessary conditional access information on the ANX 
(ONT/ONU and/or OLT) so the ANX can perform the conditional access 
decisions autonomously.  For these cases, the NAS can use ANCP to 
provision black and white lists as defined in [RFC5851] on the ANX so 
that the ANX can decide locally to honor a join or not. It should be 
noted that in the PON case, the ANX is composed of the ONT/ONU and 
OLT. Thus, this information can be programmed on the ONT/ONU and/or 
OLT. Programming this information on the ONT/ONU prevents 
illegitimate joins from propagating further into the network. A third 
approach, outside of the scope, may be to program the HGW with the 
access list. A White list associated with an Access Port identifies 
the multicast channels that are allowed to be replicated to that 
port. A Black list associated with an Access Port identifies the 
multicast channels that are not allowed to be replicated to that 
port. It should be noted that the black list if not explicitly 
programmed is the complement of the white list and vice versa. 
 
If the ONT/ONU performs IGMP snooping and it is programmed with a 
channel access list, the ONT/ONU will first check if the requested 
multicast channel is part of a White list or a Black list associated 
with the access port on which the IGMP join is received. If the 
channel is part of a White list, the ONT/ONU will pass the join 
request upstream towards the NAS. The ONT/ONU must not start 
replicating the associated multicast stream to the access port if 
such a stream is received until it gets confirmation that it can do 
so from the upstream node (NAS or OLT). Passing the channel access 
list is one of the admission control criteria whereas bandwidth-based 
admission control is another. If the channel is part of a Black list, 
the ONT/ONU can autonomously discard the message because the channel 
is not authorized for that subscriber. 
 
The ONT/ONU, in addition to forwarding the IGMP join, sends an ANCP 
admission request to the OLT identifying the channel to be joined and 
the premises. Premises identification to the OLT can be based on a 
Customer-Port-ID that maps to the access port on the ONT/ONU and 
known at the ONT/ONU and OLT. If the ONT/ONU has a white list and/or 
a black list per premises, the OLT need not have such a list. If the 
ONT/ONU does not have such a list, the OLT may be programmed with 

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such a list for each premises. In this latter case, the OLT would 
perform the actions described earlier on the ONT/ONU. Once the 
outcome of admission control (conditional access and bandwidth based 
admission control) is determined by the OLT (either by interacting 
with the NAS or locally), it is informed to the ONT/ONU. OLT 
Bandwidth based admission control scenarios are defined in a later 
section. 
 
The White List and Black List can contain entries allowing: 
     
     -  An exact match for a (*,G) Any Source Multicast (ASM) group 
(e.g., <G=g.h.i.l>);   
     
     -  An exact match for a (S,G) Source Specific Multicast 
(SSM)channel (e.g., <S=s.t.u.v,G=g.h.i.l>);   
     
     -  A mask-based range match for a (*,G) ASM group (e.g.,  
  <G=g.h.i.l/Mask>);   
     
     - A mask-based range match for a (S,G) SSM channel (e.g.,   
       <S=s.t.u.v,G=g.h.i.l/Mask>);   
     
The use of a White list and Black list may be applicable, for 
instance, to regular IPTV services (i.e., Broadcast TV) offered by an 
Access Provider to broadband (e.g., FTTP) subscribers.  For this 
application, the IPTV subscription is typically bound to a specific 
FTTP home, and the multicast channels that are part of the 
subscription are well-known beforehand. Furthermore, changes to the 
conditional access information are infrequent, since they are bound 
to the subscription.  Hence the ANX can be provisioned with the 
conditional access information related to the IPTV service. 
 
Instead of including the channel list(s) at the ONT/ONU, the OLT or 
NAS can be programmed with these access lists. Having these access 
lists on the ONT/ONU prevents forwarding of unauthorized joins to the 
OLT or NAS, reducing unnecessary control load on these network 
elements. Similarly, performing the access control at the OLT instead 
of the NAS, if not performed on the ONT/ONU, will reduce unnecessary 
control load on the NAS. 
 
6.2. Multicast Admission Control 

The successful delivery of Triple Play Broadband services is quickly 
becoming a big capacity planning challenge for most of the Service 

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Providers nowadays. Solely increasing available bandwidth is not 
always practical, cost-economical and/or sufficient to satisfy end-
user experience given not only the strict QoS requirements of unicast 
applications like VoIP and Video on Demand, but also the fast growth 
of multicast interactive applications such as "video conferencing", 
digital TV, and digital audio. These applications typically require 
low delay, low jitter, low packet loss and high bandwidth. These 
applications are also typically "non-elastic", which means that they 
operate at a fixed bandwidth, which cannot be dynamically adjusted to 
the currently available bandwidth.   
    
An Admission Control (AC) mechanism covering admission of multicast 
traffic for the FTTP/B/C access is required in order to avoid over-
subscribing the available bandwidth and negatively impacting the end-
user experience. Before honoring a user request to join a new 
multicast flow, the combination of ANX and NAS must ensure admission 
control is performed to validate that there is enough video bandwidth 
remaining on the PON, and on the uplink between the OLT and NAS to 
carry the new flow (in addition to all other existing multicast and 
unicast video traffic) and that there is enough video bandwidth for 
the subscriber to carry that flow. The solution needs to cope with 
multiple flows per premises and needs to allow bandwidth to be 
dynamically shared across multicast and unicast video traffic per 
subscriber, PON, and uplink (irrespective of whether unicast AC is 
performed by the NAS, or by some off-path Policy Server). It should 
be noted that the shared bandwidth between multicast and unicast 
video is under operator control. That is, in addition to the shared 
bandwidth, some video bandwidth could be dedicated to Video on 
Demand, while other video bandwidth could be dedicated for multicast. 
 
The focus in this document will be on multicast-allocated bandwidth 
including the shared unicast and multicast bandwidth. Thus, 
supporting admission control requires some form of synchronization 
between the entities performing multicast AC (e.g., the ANX and/or 
NAS), the entity performing unicast AC (e.g., the NAS or a Policy 
Server), and the entity actually enforcing the multicast replication 
(i.e., the NAS and the ANX).  This synchronization can be achieved in 
a number of ways: 
 
   - One approach is for the NAS to perform bandwidth based 
     admission control on all multicast video traffic and unicast 
     video traffic that requires using the shared bandwidth with 
     multicast. Based on the outcome of admission control, NAS then 
     controls the replication state on the ANX. The subscriber 

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     generates an IGMP join for the desired stream on its logical 
     connection to the NAS. The NAS terminates the IGMP message, and 
     performs conditional access and bandwidth based admission 
     control on the IGMP request. The bandwidth admission control is 
     performed against the following: 
     
       1. Available video bandwidth on the link to OLT   
    
       2. Available video bandwidth on the PON interface   
    
       3. Available video bandwidth on the last mile (access-port on 
the ONT/ONU).    
 
The NAS can locally maintain and track video bandwidth it manages for 
all the three levels mentioned above. The NAS can maintain 
identifiers corresponding to the PON interface and the last mile 
(customer interface). It also maintains a channel map, associating 
every channel (or a group of channels sharing the same bandwidth 
requirement) with a data rate. For instance, in case of 1:1 VLAN 
representation of the premises, the outer tag (S-VLAN) could be 
inserted by the ANX to correspond to the PON interface on the OLT, 
and the inner-tag could be inserted by the ANX to correspond to the 
access-line towards the customer. Bandwidth tracking and maintenance 
for the PON interface and the last-mile could be done on these VLAN 
identifiers. In case of N:1 representation, the single VLAN inserted 
by ANX could correspond to the PON interface on the OLT. The access 
loop is represented via Customer-Port-ID received in "Agent Circuit 
Identifier" sub-option in DHCP messages. 
 
The NAS can perform bandwidth accounting on received IGMP messages. 
The video bandwidth is also consumed by any unicast video being 
delivered to the CPE. NAS can perform video bandwidth accounting and 
control on both IGMP messages and on requests for unicast video 
streams when either all unicast admission control is done by the NAS 
or an external policy server makes a request to the NAS for using 
shared bandwidth with multicast as described later in the document. 
 
This particular scenario assumes the NAS is aware of the bandwidth on 
the PON, and under all conditions can track the changes in available 
bandwidth on the PON. On receiving an IGMP Join message, NAS will 
perform bandwidth check on the subscriber bandwidth. If this passes, 
and the stream is already being forwarded on the PON by the OLT 
(which also means that it is already forwarded by the NAS to the 
OLT), NAS will admit the JOIN, update the available subscriber 

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bandwidth, and transmit an ANCP message to the OLT and in turn to the 
ONT/ONU to start replication on the customer port. If the stream is 
not already being replicated to the PON by the OLT, the NAS will also 
check the available bandwidth on the PON, and if it is not already 
being replicated to the OLT it will check the bandwidth on the link 
towards the OLT. If this passes, the available PON bandwidth and the 
bandwidth on the link towards the OLT are updated. The NAS adds the 
OLT as a leaf to the multicast tree for that stream. On receiving the 
message to start replication, the OLT will add the PON interface to 
its replication state if the stream is not already being forwarded on 
that PON. Also, the OLT will send an ANCP message to direct the 
ONT/ONU to add or update its replication state with the customer port 
for that channel. The interaction between ANX and NAS is shown in 
Figures 7 and 8. For unicast video streams, application level 
signaling from the CPE typically triggers an application server to 
request bandwidth based admission control from a policy server. The 
policy server can in turn interact with the NAS to request the 
bandwidth for the unicast video flow if it needs to use shared 
bandwidth with multicast. If the bandwidth is available, NAS will 
reserve the bandwidth, update the bandwidth pools for subscriber 
bandwidth, the PON bandwidth, and the bandwidth on the link towards 
the OLT, and send a response to the policy server, which is 
propagated back to the application server to start streaming. 
Otherwise, the request is rejected.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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                                                +----+   
                             +---<PON>---------- |ONT |------ HGW   
                            +                    +----+   
                           +                     +----+   
                          +           +--------- |ONT |------ HGW   
  +----+               +----+        +           +----+    
  |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                             
  |    |<------------->|    |        +           +-----+   
  +----+     ANCP      |OLT |         +--------- |     |----- HGW   
    |                  |    |                    |     |   
    |                  |    |<------------------>| ONU |------HGW   
    |                  +----+    ANCP            |     |     +---+   
    |                     |                      |     |-----|HGW|   
    |                     |                      +-----+     +---+   
    |           1.IGMP JOIN(S/*,G)                |              |   
    |<---------------------------------------------------------- |   
  2.|                     |                       |              |   
  +=======================+                       |              |   
  [Access Control &       ]                       |              |   
  [Subscriber B/W         ]                       |              |   
  [PON B/W & OLT link B/W ]                       |              |   
  [based Admission Control]                       |              |   
  +=======================+                       |              |   
    |                     |                       |              |                                               
    |-------------------> |                       |              |   
  3.ANCP Replication-Start|                       |              |   
    (<S/*,G> or Multicast |                       |              |                                               
    |MAC,Customer-Port-ID>| --------------------> |              |                      
    |                     |4.ANCP Replication-Start              |   
    |                  (<S/*,G> or Multicast MAC,Customer-Port-ID)   
    |-------------------> |                       |              |   
    |5.Multicast Flow(S,G)|                       |              |   
    |On Multicast VLAN    |---------------------> |              |   
    |                     |6.Multicast Flow (S,G) |              |   
    |                     |forwarded on           |              |   
    |                     |Unidirectional         |              |   
    |                     |<Multicast GEM-PORT>   |              |   
    |                     |on the PON by OLT      |------------->|   
                                                 7. Multicast Flow     
                                                  orwarded on    |   
                                                 Customer-Port by|   
                                                  |ONT/OLT.      |                     
                                                  |              |   
 
Figure 7: Interactions for NAS based Multicast Admission Control (no 
IGMP processing on ANX, and NAS maintains available video bandwidth 
for PON) upon channel join. 
 
 
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                                                 +----+   
                             +---<PON>---------- |ONT |----- HGW   
                            +                    +----+   
                           +                     +----+   
                          +           +--------- |ONT |----- HGW   
  +----+               +----+        +           +----+    
  |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                             
  |    |<------------->|    |        +           +-----+   
  +----+     ANCP      |OLT |         +--------- |     |---- HGW   
    |                  |    |                    |     |   
    |                  |    |<------------------>| ONU |-----HGW   
    |                  +----+    ANCP            |     |     +---+   
    |                     |                      |     |-----|HGW|   
    |                     |                      +-----+     +---+   
    |                     |                       |              |   
    |            IGMP LEAVE(S/*,G)                |              |   
    |<-----------------------------------------------------------|   
    |                     |                       |              |                   
  +====================+  |                       |              |   
  [Admission Control   ]  |                       |              |   
  [<Resource Released> ]  |                       |              |   
  +====================+  |                       |              |   
    |                     |                       |              |   
    |                     |                       |              |   
    |                     |                       |              |   
    |-------------------> |                       |              |   
   ANCP Replication-Stop  |                       |              |   
    (<S/*,G> or Multicast MAC,Customer-Port-ID)   |              |                   
    |                     |                       |              |   
    |                     |---------------------> |              |                      
    |                     | ANCP Replication-Stop |              |   
                      (<S/*,G> or Multicast MAC,Customer-Port-ID)                 
                                                            
 
Figure 8: Interactions for NAS based Multicast Admission Control (no 
IGMP processing on ANX, and NAS maintains available video bandwidth 
for PON) upon channel leave.   
    
    - An alternate approach is required if the NAS is not aware of 
the bandwidth on the PON. In this case the OLT does the PON bandwidth 
management, and requests NAS to perform bandwidth admission control 
on subscriber bandwidth and the bandwidth on the link to the OLT. 
Following are operations of various elements:   
    
       ANX operation:   
    
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       - ONT/ONU can snoop IGMP messages. If conditional access is 
configured and the channel is in the Black list (or it is not on the  
White list), ONT will drop the IGMP Join. If the channel passes the 
conditional access check, the ONT will forward the IGMP Join, and 
will send a bandwidth admission control request to the OLT. In case 
the multicast stream is already being received on the PON, the 
ONT/ONU does not forward the stream to the access port where IGMP is 
received till it has received a positive admission control response 
from the OLT. 
    
     - OLT can snoop IGMP messages.  It also receives a bandwidth 
admission control request from the ONT/ONU for the requested channel. 
It can be programmed with a channel bandwidth map. If the multicast 
channel is already being streamed on the PON, or the channel 
bandwidth is less than the multicast available bandwidth on the PON, 
the OLT forwards the IGMP request to the NAS and keeps track of the 
subscriber (identified by customer-Port-ID) as a receiver. If the 
channel is not already being streamed on the PON, but the PON has 
sufficient bandwidth for that channel, the OLT reduces the PON 
multicast video bandwidth by the channel bandwidth and may optionally 
add the PON to the multicast tree without activation for that 
channel. This is biased towards a forward expectation that the 
request will be accepted at the NAS. The OLT forwards the IGMP join 
to the NAS. It also sends a bandwidth admission request to the NAS 
identifying the channel, and the premises for which the request is 
made. It sets a timer for the subscriber multicast entry within which 
it expects to receive a request from the NAS that relates to this 
request.  If the PON available bandwidth is less than the bandwidth 
of the requested channel, the OLT sends an admission response (with a 
reject) to the ONT/ONU, and does not forward the IGMP join to the 
NAS.  
    
NAS operation: 
 
The NAS receives the IGMP join from the subscriber on the subscriber 
connection. When NAS receives the admission control request from ANX 
(also signifying the bandwidth on the PON is available), it performs 
admission control against the subscriber available multicast 
bandwidth. If this check passes, and the NAS is already transmitting 
that channel to the OLT, the request is accepted. If the check passes 
and the NAS is not transmitting the channel to the OLT yet, it 
performs admission control against the multicast video available 
bandwidth (this includes the dedicated multicast bandwidth and the 
shared bandwidth between multicast and video on demand) on the 

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link(s) to the OLT. If the check passes, the request is accepted, the 
available video bandwidth for the subscriber and downlink to the OLT 
are reduced by the channel bandwidth, and the NAS sends an ANCP 
admission control response (indicating accept) to the OLT, requesting 
the addition of the subscriber to the multicast tree for that 
channel. The OLT activates the corresponding multicast entry if not 
active and maintains state of the subscriber in the list of receivers 
for that channel. The OLT also sends an ANCP request to the ONT/ONU 
to enable reception of the multicast channel and forwarding to the 
subscriber access port. Otherwise, if the request is rejected, the 
NAS will send an admission reject to the OLT, which in turn removes 
the subscriber as a receiver for that channel (if it were added), and 
credits back the channel bandwidth to the PON video bandwidth if 
there is no other receiver on the PON for that channel. The 
interactions between ANX and NAS are shown in Figures 9 and 10.  
    
If the OLT does not receive a response from the NAS within a set 
timer, the OLT removes the subscriber from the potential list of 
receivers for the indicated channel. It also returns the allocated 
bandwidth to the PON available bandwidth if there are no other 
receivers. In this case, the NAS may send a response to the OLT with 
no matching entry as the entry has been deleted. The OLT must perform 
admission control against the PON available bandwidth and may accept 
the request and send an ANCP request to the ONT/ONU to activate the 
corresponding multicast entry as described earlier. If it does not 
accept the request, it will respond back to the NAS with a reject. 
The NAS shall credit back the channel bandwidth to the subscriber. It 
shall also stop sending the channel to the OLT if that subscriber was 
the last leaf on the multicast tree towards the OLT. 
 
On processing an IGMP leave, the OLT will send an ANCP request to NAS 
to release resources. NAS will release the subscriber bandwidth. If 
this leave causes the stream to be no longer required by the OLT, the 
NAS will update its replication state and release the bandwidth on 
the NAS to OLT link. 
 
If the subscriber makes a request for a unicast video stream (i.e., 
Video on Demand), the request results in appropriate application 
level signaling, which typically results in an application server 
requesting a policy server for bandwidth-based admission control for 
the VoD stream. The policy server after authorizing the request, can 
send a request to the NAS for the required bandwidth if it needs to 
use bandwidth that is shared with multicast. This request may be 
based on a protocol outside of the scope of this document. The NAS 

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checks if the available video bandwidth (accounting for both 
multicast and unicast) per subscriber and for the link to the OLT is 
sufficient for the request. If it is, it temporarily reserves the 
bandwidth and sends an ANCP admission request to the OLT for the 
subscriber, indicating the desired VoD bandwidth. If the OLT has 
sufficient bandwidth on the corresponding PON, it reserves that 
bandwidth and returns an accept response to the NAS. If not, it 
returns a reject to the NAS. If the NAS receives an accept, it 
returns an accept to the policy server which in turn returns an 
accept to the application server, and the video stream is streamed to 
the subscriber. This interaction is shown in Figure 11. If the NAS 
does not accept the request from the policy server, it returns a 
reject. If the NAS receives a reject from the OLT, it returns the 
allocated bandwidth to the subscriber and the downlink to the OLT.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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                                               +----+   
                                      +-------- |ONT |-------- HGW   
  +----+               +----+         +         +----+    
  |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                             
  |    |<------------->|OLT |         +          +-----+   
  +----+     ANCP      |    | ANCP    +--------- | ONU |------ HGW   
    |                  +----+<------------------>+-----+-------HGW            
    |                     |                        |             |   
    |1.IGMP Join(s/*,G) +=============+         +=============+  |   
    |<------------------[IGMP Snooping]---------[IGMP snooping]--|   
    |                   +=============+         +=============+  |   
    |                     |2.Admission-Request     |             |  
    |                     |(Flow,Customer-Port-ID) |             | 
    |                     |<---------------------- |             |     
    |                3.+===============+           |             |                      
    |                  [ Access Ctrl   ]           |             |   
    |                  [ & PON B/W     ]           |             |   
    |                  [ Admission Ctrl]           |             |   
    |                  +===============+ PASS      |             |   
    |4.Admission-Request  |                        |             |   
    | <Flow,              |                        |             |   
    |  Customer-Port-ID>  |                        |             |   
    |<--------------------|                        |             |   
  5.|                     |                        |             |   
  +=================+     |                        |             |   
  [Subscriber B/W   ]     |                        |             |   
  [& OLT link B/W   ]     |                        |             |   
  [Admission Ctrl   ]     |                        |             |   
  +=================+PASS |                        |             |                        
    |6.Admission-Reply-Pass                        |             |   
    |<Flow,Customer-Port-ID>                       |             |   
    |-------------------->|                        |             |   
    |            7.+========================+      |             |   
    |              [Update Replication State]      |             |   
    |              +========================+      |             |   
    |                     | 8.Admission-Reply-Pass |             |   
    |                     |(<Flow,Cust-Port-ID>    |             |           
    |                     |----------------------> |             |   
    |                     |                 9.+============+     |   
    |                     |                   [Update Repl.]     |   
    |                     |                   [   State    ]     |   
    |                     |                   +============+     |   
 
Figure 9: Interaction between NAS & ANX for Multicast Bandwidth 
Admission Control in the All-ANCP ANX control model upon success. 
Similar functionality will be required when OMCI is enabled between the 
OLT and ONT/ONU in the ANCP+OMCI ANX control model. In this latter case, 
the OLT will act as ANCP-OMCI gateway. 
 
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                                                +----+   
                                      +--------- |ONT |------ HGW   
  +----+               +----+        +           +----+    
  |NAS |---------------|    |------<PON>                             
  |    |<------------->|OLT |        +          +-----+   
  +----+     ANCP      |    | ANCP   +----------| ONU |----- HGW   
    |                  +----+<----------------->+-----+------HGW   
    |                     |                        |             | 
    |1.IGMP Join(s/*,G) +=============+        +=============+   | 
    |<------------------[IGMP Snooping]--------[IGMP snooping]-- | 
    |                   +=============+        +=============+   | 
    |                     |2.Admission-Request     |             | 
    |                     |(Flow,Customer-Port-ID) |             | 
    |                     |<---------------------- |             | 
    |                2.+===============+           |             |                    
    |                  [ Access Ctrl   ]           |             | 
    |                  [ & PON B/W     ]           |             | 
    |                  [ Admission Ctrl]           |             | 
    |                  +===============+ PASS      |             | 
    |3.Admission-Request  |                        |             | 
    | <Flow,Customer-Port-ID>                      |             | 
    |<--------------------|                        |             | 
  4.|                     |                        |             | 
  +==================+    |                        |             | 
  [Subscriber B/W    ]    |                        |             | 
  [& OLT link B/W    ]    |                        |             | 
  [Admission Ctrl    ]    |                        |             | 
  +==================+FAIL                         |             |                    
    |                     |                        |             | 
    |5.Admission-Reply-Fail                        |             | 
    |<Flow,Cust-Port-ID>  |                        |             | 
    |-------------------->|                        |             | 
    |            6.+==================+            |             | 
    |              [Release PON B/W   ]            |             | 
    |              [Remove Repl.State ]            |             | 
    |              +==================+            |             | 
    |                     | 7.Admission-Reply-Fail |             | 
    |                     |<Flow,Cust-Port-ID>     |             |        
    |                     |----------------------> |             | 
    |                     |                 8.+============+     | 
    |                     |                   [Remove Repl.]     | 
    |                     |                   [   State    ]     | 
    |                     |                   +============+     | 
Figure 10: Interaction between NAS and ANX for Multicast Bandwidth 
Admission Control in the All-ANCP ANX control model upon failure. 
Similar functionality will be required when OMCI is enabled between the 
OLT and ONT/ONU in the ANCP+OMCI ANX control model. In this latter case, 
the OLT will act as ANCP-OMCI gateway. 
 
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 +------------+              1. VoD Request   
  | App. Server|<-----------------------------------------------   
  | Server     |   
  +------------+   
    | 2. Admission-Request (VoD-Flow)   
  +-------+   
  |Policy |   
  |Server |     
  +-------+                                                        
   |  +   
   |<-|---3. Admission-Request   
   |  |                                                                                   
   +  | 8. Admission-Reply   
  +----+        +      +----+                  +-----+   
  |NAS |---------------|OLT |------<PON>-------|ONT  |---HGW--CPE                    
  |    |<------------->|    |                  +-----+    |   
  +----+     ANCP      +----+                      |      |   
    |                     |                        |      |   
  4.|                     |                        |      |       
  +=================+     |                        |      |   
  [Subscriber B/W   ]     |                        |      |   
  [& OLT link B/W   ]     |                        |      |   
  [Admission Ctrl   ]     |                        |      |   
  +=================+PASS |                        |      |                            
    |                     |                        |      |   
    | 5.Admission-Request |                        |      |   
    |(Bandwidth,PON-Port-ID)                       |      |   
    |-------------------> |                        |      |   
    |                     |                        |      |   
    |                6.+===============+           |      |                            
    |                  [   PON B/W     ]           |      |   
    |                  [ Admission Ctrl]           |      |   
    |                  +===============+ PASS      |      |   
    |7.Admission-Reply    |                        |      |   
    | <PON-Port-ID>       |                        |      |   
    |<------------------- |                        |      |   
    |                     |                        |      |   
   
Figure 11: Interactions for VoD Bandwidth Admission Control in the 
All-ANCP ANX control model. Similar functionality will be required 
when OMCI is enabled between the OLT and ONT in the ANCP+OMCI ANX 
control model. In this latter case, the OLT will act as ANCP-OMCI 
gateway. 
   
-A third possible approach is where the ANX is assumed to have a full 
knowledge to make an autonomous decision on admitting or rejecting a 
multicast and a unicast join. With respect to the interaction between 

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ONT/ONU and OLT, the procedure is similar to the first approach 
(i.e., NAS controlled replication). However, when the OLT receives an 
IGMP request from a subscriber, it performs admission control against 
that subscriber multicast video bandwidth (dedicated and shared with 
Video on Demand), the PON and uplink to the NAS. It should be noted 
in this case that if there are multiple NAS-OLT links, either the 
link on which the multicast stream must be sent is pre-determined, 
needs to be selected by the OLT based on downstream bandwidth from 
NAS to OLT and the selection is communicated to the NAS, or the OLT 
has to be ready to receive the stream on any link. If the check 
passes, the OLT updates the video available bandwidth per PON and 
subscriber. The OLT adds the subscriber to the list of receivers and 
the PON to the multicast tree, if it is not already on it. It also 
sends an ANCP request to the ONT/ONU to add the subscriber access 
port to that channel multicast tree, and sends an ANCP message to the 
NAS informing it of the subscriber and link available video bandwidth 
and the channel the subscriber joined. The NAS upon receiving the 
ANCP information message, updates the necessary information, 
including the OLT to the multicast tree if it is not already on it. 
It should be noted in this case that the ANCP message from the OLT to 
the NAS is being used to add the OLT to a multicast tree as opposed 
to an IGMP message. The IGMP message can also be sent by the OLT with 
the OLT acting as an IGMP proxy at the expense of added messages. In 
this option, the OLT acts as the network IGMP router for the 
subscriber. 
 
For unicast video streams, the policy server receiving an admission 
request from an application server, as described before, may query 
the OLT for admission control as it has all information. If the OLT 
has sufficient bandwidth for the stream it reserves that bandwidth 
for the subscriber, PON and OLT uplink to the NAS and returns an 
accept to the policy server. It also updates the NAS via an ANCP 
message of the subscriber available video bandwidth. If the OLT 
rejects the policy server request, it will return a reject to the 
policy server. 
 
It should be noted that if the policy server adjacency is with the 
NAS, the policy server may make the admission request to the NAS. The 
NAS then sends an ANCP admission request to the OLT on behalf of the 
policy server. The NAS returns an accept or reject to the policy server 
if it gets a reject or accept, respectively, from the OLT. 
 

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6.3. Multicast Accounting 

It may be desirable to perform accurate per-user or per Access Loop 
time or volume based accounting. In case the ANX is performing the 
traffic replication process, it knows when replication of a multicast 
flow to a particular Access Port or user starts and stops. Multicast 
accounting can be addressed in two ways: 
   
- ANX keeps track of when replication starts or stops, and reports 
this information to the NAS for further processing. In this case, 
ANCP can be used to send the information from the ANX to the NAS. 
This can be done with the Information Report message. The NAS can 
then generate the appropriate time and/or volume accounting 
information per Access Loop and per multicast flow, to be sent to the 
accounting system. The ANCP requirements to support this approach are 
specified in [RFC5851]. If the replication function is distributed 
between the OLT and ONT/ONU, a query from the NAS will result in OLT 
generating a query to the ONT/ONU. 
 
- ANX keeps track of when replication starts or stops, and generates 
the time and/or volume based accounting information per Access Loop 
and per multicast flow, before sending it to a central accounting 
system for logging. Since ANX communicates with this accounting 
system directly, the approach does not require the use of ANCP. It is 
therefore beyond the scope of this document. It may also be desirable 
for the NAS to have the capability to asynchronously query the ANX to 
obtain an instantaneous status report related to multicast flows 
currently replicated by the ANX. Such a reporting functionality could 
be useful for troubleshooting and monitoring purposes. If the 
replication function in the ANX is distributed between the OLT and 
the ONT/ONU, then for some of the information required by the NAS 
(such as the list of access-ports on which a flow is being forwarded 
or list of flows being forwarded on an access-port), a query to the 
OLT from the NAS will result in a query from OLT to ONT/ONU. The OLT 
responds back to the NAS when it receives the response from the 
ONT/ONU. Also, if the list of PONs on which replication is happening 
for a multicast channel or the list of channels being replicated on a 
PON is what is desired, the OLT can return this information. 
 
7. Remote Connectivity Check 

In an end-to-end Ethernet aggregation network, end-to-end Ethernet 
OAM as specified in IEEE 802.1ag and ITU-T Recommendation Y.1730/1731 
can provide Access Loop connectivity testing and fault isolation. 

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However, most HGWs do not yet support these standard Ethernet OAM 
procedures. Also, in a mixed Ethernet and ATM access network (e.g., 
Ethernet based aggregation upstream from the OLT, and BPON 
downstream), interworking functions for end-to-end OAM are not yet 
standardized or widely available. Until such mechanisms become 
standardized and widely available, Access Node Control mechanism 
between NAS and ANX can be used to provide a simple mechanism to test 
connectivity of an access-loop from the NAS. 
 
Triggered by a local management interface, the NAS can use the Access 
Node Control Mechanism (Control Request Message) to initiate an 
Access Loop test between Access Node and HGW or ONT/ONU. On reception 
of the ANCP message, the OLT can trigger native OAM procedures 
defined for BPON in [G.983.1] and for GPON in [G.984.1]. The Access 
Node can send the result of the test to the NAS via a Control 
Response message. 
 
8. Access Topology Discovery 

In order to avoid congestion in the network, manage and utilize the 
network resources better, and ensure subscriber fairness, NAS 
performs hierarchical shaping and scheduling of the traffic by 
modeling different congestion points in the network (such as the 
last-mile, access Node uplink, and the access facing port). 
 
Such mechanisms require that the NAS gains knowledge about the 
topology of the access network, the various links being used and 
their respective rates. Some of the information required is somewhat 
dynamic in nature (e.g., DSL line rate in case the last mile is xDSL 
based, e.g., in case of "PON fed DSLAMs" for FTTC/FTTB scenarios), 
hence cannot come from a provisioning and/or inventory management 
Operations Support System (OSS). Some of the information varies less 
frequently (e.g., capacity of the OLT uplink), but nevertheless needs 
to be kept strictly in sync between the actual capacity of the uplink 
and the image the NAS has of it. 
 
OSS systems are rarely able to enforce in a reliable and scalable 
manner the consistency of such data, notably across organizational 
boundaries under certain deployment scenarios.  The Access Topology 
Discovery function allows the NAS to perform these advanced functions 
without having to depend on an error-prone and possibly complex 
integration with an OSS system. 
 

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The rate of the access-loop can be communicated via ANCP (Information 
Report Message) from the ONT/ONU to the OLT in the All-ANCP ANX 
control model or via OMCI in the ANCP+OMCI ANX control model, and 
then from OLT to the NAS via ANCP. Additionally, during the time the 
DSL NT is active, data rate changes can occur due to environmental 
conditions (the DSL Access Loop can get "out of sync" and can retrain 
to a lower value, or the DSL Access Loop could use Seamless Rate 
Adaptation making the actual data rate fluctuate while the line is 
active). In this case, ANX sends an additional Information Report to 
the NAS each time the Access Loop attributes change above a threshold 
value. Existing DSL procedures are not applicable in this case 
because an adapted message flow and additional TLVs are needed. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 +--------+  
  | Policy |  
  | Server |  
  +--------+                                        +---+   +---+  
       |                                +-----------|ONT|---|HGW|  
       |                                |           +---+   +---+  
       |               +--------------- |-----------------+   
    +----+             | +----+         |         +-----+ | +---+  
    |NAS |------------ | |    |         |         |     |-|-|HGW|  
    |    |<----------> | |    |         |         |ONT/ | | +---+  
    +----+     ANCP    | |OLT |------<PON>--------|ONU  | |             
       |               | |    |                   |     | | +---+  
       |               | |    |<----------------->|     |---|HGW|  
       |               | +----+       OMCI        +-----+ | +---+  
       |               +----------------------------------+  
       |                    |      Access Node       |  
       |                    |                        |  
       |                    |------GPON Ranging------|  
       | Port Status Message|      ONT Port UP       |  
       |<------------------ |<-----------------------|  
       |Port Configuration  GPON Line/Service Profile|  
       |------------------> |<---------------------->|  
       |     ONT/ONI Port UP|                        |  
       |<------------------ |                        |  
       |                    |                        |  
       |      ANCP          |         OMCI           |                             
       <-------------------><----------------------->|  
                              PPP, DHCP, IP              
       <------------------------------------------------------>  
    
Figure 12: Message Flow for the use case of Topology Discovery for 
the ANCP+OMCI access control model.    
    
Figure 12 depicts a message flow for topology discovery when using 
the ANCP+OMCI access control model. Basically, when an ONT/ONU gets 
connected to a PON, the OLT detects a new device and a GPON Ranging 
process starts. During this process the ONT/ONU becomes authorized by 
the OLT and identified by ONT/ONU ID, PON Port ID and max Bandwidth. 
This port status is reported via ANCP to the NAS and then potentially 
the policy server via another mechanism that is out of scope of this 
document. In a second step after GPON Service profile is assigned 
from OLT to ONT/ONU, the OLT reports the final status to NAS with 
information about service profile and other information such as the 
ONT/ONU port rate to the subscriber for instance. 
 
9. Access Loop Configuration 

 

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Topology Discovery reports access port identification to NAS when 
sending an Access Port Discovery message. This informs NAS 
identification of PON port on an Access Node. Based on Access Port 
Identification and on customer identification, service related 
parameters could be configured on an OLT and an ONU/ONT. 
 
Service related parameters could be sent to OLT via ANCP before or 
after an ONU/ONT is up. Sending of ANCP loop Configuration messages 
from NAS can be triggered by a management system or by customer 
identification and authentication after Topology Discovery. It may be 
used for first time configuration (zero touch) or for 
updating/upgrading customer's profile like C-VLAN ID, S-VLAN ID, and 
service bandwidth. 
    
Parameters of the User to Network Interface (UNI), which is the 
subscriber interface to HGW/CPE of ONU/ONT, can also be configured 
via ANCP. When the ONU/ONT supports ANCP, parameters of the UNI on 
ONU/ONT are sent to the ONU/ONT via ANCP. If the ONU/ONT does not 
support ANCP, but only OMCI, parameters have to be sent from the NAS 
to the OLT via ANCP first. Then, the OLT translates such 
configuration into OMCI and sends it to the ONU/ONT. 
 
10. Security Considerations 

[RFC5713] lists the ANCP related security threats that could be 
encountered on the Access Node and the NAS. It develops a threat 
model for ANCP security, and lists the security functions that are 
required at the ANCP level. 
 
With Multicast handling as described in this document, ANCP protocol 
activity between the ANX and the NAS is triggered by join/leave 
requests coming from the end-user equipment. This could potentially 
be used for denial of service attack against the ANX and/or the NAS. 
 
To mitigate this risk, the NAS and ANX may implement control plane 
protection mechanisms such as limiting the number of multicast flows 
a given user can simultaneously join, or limiting the maximum rate of 
join/leave from a given user. 
 
Protection against invalid or unsubscribed flows can be deployed via 
provisioning black lists as close to the subscriber as possible 
(e.g., in the ONT). 
 

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User activity logging for accounting or tracking purposes could raise 
privacy concerns if not appropriately protected. To protect such 
information, logging/accounting information can be exchanged with the 
corresponding server over a secure channel, and the information can 
be stored securely with policy-driven controlled access. 
 
11. Differences in ANCP applicability between DSL and PON 

As it currently stands, both ANCP framework [RFC5851] and protocol 
[RFC6320] are defined in context of DSL access. Due to inherent 
differences between PON and DSL access technologies, ANCP needs a few 
extensions for supporting the use-cases outlined in this document for 
PON based access. These specific differences and extensions are 
outlined below. 
 
- In PON, the access-node functionality is split between OLT and ONT. 
Therefore, ANCP interaction between NAS and AN translates to 
transactions between NAS and OLT and between OLT and ONT. The 
processing of ANCP messages (e.g., for multicast replication control) 
on the OLT can trigger generation of ANCP messages from OLT to ONT. 
Similarly, ANCP messages from ONT to the OLT can trigger ANCP 
exchange between the OLT and the NAS (e.g., admission-request 
messages). This is illustrated in the generic message flows in 
Figures 5 and 6 of section 5. In case of DSL, the ANCP exchange is 
contained between two network elements (NAS and the DSLAM). 
    
- The PON connection to the ONT is a shared medium between multiple 
ONTs on the same PON. The local-loop in case of DSL is point-to-
point. In case of DSL access network, the access facing port on the 
NAS (i.e., port to the network between NAS and the DSLAM), and the 
access-facing ports on the DSLAM (i.e., customer's local-loop) are 
the two bandwidth constraint points that need to be considered for 
performing bandwidth based admission control for multicast video and 
VoD delivered to the customer. In case of PON access, in addition to 
the bandwidth constraint on the NAS to OLT facing ports, and the 
subscriber allocated bandwidth for video services, the bandwidth 
available on the PON for video is an additional constraint that needs 
to be considered for bandwidth based admission control. If the 
bandwidth control is centralized in NAS (as described in option 1 of 
section 6.2), then the NAS needs to support additional logic to 
consider available PON bandwidth before admitting a multicast request 
or a VoD request by the user. Accordingly, ANCP needs to identify the 
customer access port and the PON on which the customer ONT is. If the 
PON bandwidth control is performed on the OLT (as defined in second 

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option in section 6.2), then additional ANCP request and response 
messages are required for NAS to query the OLT to determine available 
PON bandwidth when a request to admit a VOD flow is received on the 
NAS (as shown in Figure 9 in section 6.2) or for the OLT to inform 
the NAS what stream bandwidth is sent to the subscriber for the NAS 
to take appropriate action (e.g., bandwidth adjustment for various 
types of traffic). 
    
- In PON, the multicast replication can potentially be performed on 
three different network elements: (1) on the NAS (2) on the OLT for 
replication to multiple PON ports, and (3) on the ONT/ONU for 
replication to multiple customer ports. In case of DSL, the 
replication can potentially be performed on NAS and/or the DSLAM. 
Section 6.2 defines options for multicast replication in case of PON. 
In the first option, the multicast replication is done on the AN, but 
is controlled from NAS via ANCP (based on the reception of per-
customer IGMP messages on the NAS). In this option, the NAS needs to 
supply to the OLT the set of PON-customer-IDs (as defined in section 
2) to which the multicast stream needs to be replicated. The PON-
customer-ID identifies the OLT and the PON ports on the OLT as well 
as the ONT and the access-ports on the ONT where the multicast stream 
needs to be replicated. Upon receiving the request to update its 
multicast replication state, the OLT must update its replication 
state with the indicated PON ports, but may also need to interact 
with the ONT via ANCP to update the multicast replication state on 
the ONT with the set of access-ports (as indicated by the NAS). In 
case of DSL, the DSLAM only needs to update its own replication state 
based on the set of access-ports indicated by the NAS. 
    
- For reporting purposes, ANCP must enable the NAS to query the OLT 
for channels replicated on a PON or a list of PONs and to specific 
access ports. The latter should trigger the OLT to query the ONT for 
a list of channels being replicated on all access ports or on 
specific access ports to the premises. In DSL case, it is sufficient 
to query the DSLAM for a list of channels being replicated on an 
access port or a list of access ports. 
 
12. ANCP versus OMCI between the OLT and ONT/ONU 

ONT Management and Control Interface (OMCI) [OMCI] is specified for 
in-band ONT management via the OLT. This includes configuring 
parameters on the ONT/ONU. Such configuration can include adding an 
access port on the ONT to a multicast tree and the ONT to a multicast 
tree. Thus, OMCI can be a potential replacement for ANCP between the 

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OLT and ONT/ONU, albeit it may not a be suitable protocol for dynamic 
transactions as required for the multicast application. 
 
If OMCI is selected to be enabled between the OLT and ONT/ONU to 
carry the same information elements that would be carried over ANCP, 
the OLT must perform the necessary translation between ANCP and OMCI 
for replication control messages received via ANCP. OMCI is an 
already available control channel, while ANCP requires a TCP/IP stack 
on the ONT/ONU that can be used by an ANCP client and accordingly it 
requires that the ONT/ONU be IP addressable for ANCP. Most ONTs/ONUs 
today have a TCP/IP stack used by certain applications (e.g., VoIP, 
IGMP snooping). ANCP may use the same IP address that is often 
assigned for VoIP or depending on the implementation may require a 
different address. Sharing the same IP address between VoIP and ANCP 
may have other network implications on how the VoIP agent is 
addressed and on traffic routing. For instance, the VoIP traffic 
to/from the ONT is often encapsulated in a VLAN-tagged Ethernet frame 
and switched at layer2 through the OLT to the NAS where it is routed. 
The VoIP agent in this case looks like another subscriber to the NAS. 
On the other hand, the ANCP session between the ONT and OLT is 
terminated at the OLT. Thus, the OLT must be able to receive/send IP 
traffic to/from the OLT, which will not work using this setting. 
Using a separate IP address for the purpose of ONT/ONU management or 
ANCP specifically may often be required when supporting ANCP. These 
considerations may favor OMCI in certain environments. However, OMCI 
will not allow some of the transactions required in approach 2, where 
the ONT/ONU sends unsolicited requests to the OLT rather than being 
queried or configured by OLT requests. 
 
13. IANA Considerations  

This document does not require actions by IANA. 

14. Acknowledgements 

The authors are thanksful to Rajesh Yadav and Francois Le Faucheur 
for valuable comments and discussions. 

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15. References 

15.1. Normative References  

[RFC2516] Mamakos, L., Lidl, K., Evarts, J., Carrel, D., Simone, D., 
and R. Wheeler, "A Method for Transmitting PPP Over 
Ethernet (PPPoE)", RFC 2516, February 1999. 
    
[RFC2684] Grossman, D. and J. Heinanen, "Multiprotocol Encapsulation 
over ATM Adaptation Layer 5", RFC 2684, September 1999. 
 
[RFC3376] Cain, B., et al, "Internet Group Management Interface, 
Version 3", RFC 3376, October 2002. 
 
[RFC4605] Fenner, W., et al, "Internet Group Management Protocol 
(IGMP)/Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)-Based Multicast Forwarding 
("IGMP/MLD Proxying")", RFC 4605, August 2006. 

 
15.2. Informative References 

[RFC2881] Mitton, D. and M. Beadles, "Network Access Server 
Requirements Next Generation (NASREQNG) NAS Model", RFC 2881, July 
2000. 
 
[RFC5851] Ooghe, S., et al., "Framework and Requirements for Access 
Node Control Mechanism in Broadband Networks", RFC 5851, May 2010. 
 
[G.983.1] ITU-T G.983.1, "Broadband optical access systems based on 
Passive Optical Networks (PON)". 
 
[G.984.1] ITU-T G.984.1, "Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks 
(G-PON): General characteristics". 
 
[RFC3046] Patrick, M., "DHCP Relay Agent Information Option", 
RFC3046, January 2011. 

[TR-101] Cohen, A. and E. Shrum, "Migration to Ethernet-Based DSL 
Aggregation", DSL Forum TR-101, May 2006. 
 

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[RFC5713] Moustafa, H., Tschofenig, H., and S. De Cnodder, 
"Security Threats and Security Requirements for the Access Node 
Control Protocol (ANCP)", RFC 5713, January 2010. 
 
[OMCI] ITU-T G.984.4, "GPON ONT Management and Control Interface 
(OMCI) Specifications". 
 
[RFC6320] Taylor, T., et al, "Protocol for Access Node Control 
Mechanism in Broadband Networks", RFC 6320, October 2011. 
 
[G.987.3] ITU-T G.987.3, "10-Gigabit-capable passive optical 
networks(XG-PON): Transmission convergence (TC) layer specification". 
 
   
           
Authors' Addresses 
 
Nabil Bitar 
Verizon 
60 Sylvan Road 
Waltham, MA 02451 
Email: nabil.n.bitar@verizon.com 
 
Sanjay Wadhwa 
Alcatel-Lucent 
701 East Middlefield Road 
Mountain View, CA, 94043 
Email: sanjay.wadhwa@alcatel-lucent.com 
 
Thomas Haag 
Deutsche Telekom 
Email: HaagT@telekom.de 
 
Hongyu Li 
Huawei Technologies 
Email: hongyu.lihongyu@huawei.com 
 
    

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