Transmission of IPv6 Packets over DECT Ultra Low Energy
draft-ietf-6lo-dect-ule-01

6Lo Working Group                                            P. Mariager
Internet-Draft                                          J. Petersen, Ed.
Intended status: Standards Track                                 RTX A/S
Expires: July 31, 2015                                         Z. Shelby
                                                                     ARM
                                                          M. Van de Logt
                                             Gigaset Communications GmbH
                                                              D. Barthel
                                                             Orange Labs
                                                        January 27, 2015

        Transmission of IPv6 Packets over DECT Ultra Low Energy
                       draft-ietf-6lo-dect-ule-01

Abstract

   DECT Ultra Low Energy is a low power air interface technology that is
   defined by the DECT Forum and specified by ETSI.

   The DECT air interface technology has been used world-wide in
   communication devices for more than 20 years, primarily carrying
   voice for cordless telephony but has also been deployed for data
   centric services.

   The DECT Ultra Low Energy is a recent addition to the DECT interface
   primarily intended for low-bandwidth, low-power applications such as
   sensor devices, smart meters, home automation etc.  As the DECT Ultra
   Low Energy interface inherits many of the capabilities from DECT, it
   benefits from long range, interference free operation, world wide
   reserved frequency band, low silicon prices and maturity.  There is
   an added value in the ability to communicate with IPv6 over DECT ULE
   such as for Internet of Things applications.

   This document describes how IPv6 is transported over DECT ULE using
   6LoWPAN techniques.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on July 31, 2015.

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   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Requirements Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.2.  Terms Used  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  DECT Ultra Low Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.1.  The DECT ULE Protocol Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.2.  Link layer roles and topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.3.  Addressing Model  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.4.  MTU Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     2.5.  Additional Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   3.  Specification of IPv6 over DECT ULE . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.1.  Protocol stack  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.2.  Link model  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.3.  Internet connectivity scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   4.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   6.  ETSI Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   7.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16

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1.  Introduction

   DECT Ultra Low Energy (DECT ULE or just ULE) is an air interface
   technology building on the key fundamentals of traditional DECT /
   CAT-iq but with specific changes to significantly reduce the power
   consumption on the expense of data throughput.  DECT ULE devices with
   requirements to power consumption will operate on special power
   optimized silicon, but can connect to a DECT Gateway supporting
   traditional DECT / CAT-iq for cordless telephony and data as well as
   the ULE extensions.  DECT terminology operates with two major role
   definitions: The Portable Part (PP) is the power constrained device,
   while the Fixed Part (FP) is the Gateway or base station.  This FP
   may be connected to the Internet.  An example of a use case for DECT
   ULE is a home security sensor transmitting small amounts of data (few
   bytes) at periodic intervals through the FP, but is able to wake up
   upon an external event (burglar) and communicate with the FP.
   Another example incorporating both DECT ULE as well as traditional
   CAT-iq telephony is an elderly pendant (broche) which can transmit
   periodic status messages to a care provider using very little
   battery, but in the event of urgency, the elderly person can
   establish a voice connection through the pendant to an alarm service.
   It is expected that DECT ULE will be integrated into many residential
   gateways, as many of these already implements DECT CAT-iq for
   cordless telephony.  DECT ULE can be added as a software option for
   the FP.  It is desirable to consider IPv6 for DECT ULE devices due to
   the large address space and well-known infrastructure.  This document
   describes how IPv6 is used on DECT ULE links to optimize power while
   maintaining the many benefits of IPv6 transmission.  [RFC4944]
   specifies the transmission of IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4.  DECT ULE has
   in many ways similar characteristics of IEEE 802.15.4, but also
   differences.  Many of the mechanisms defined in [RFC4944] can be
   applied to the transmission of IPv6 on DECT ULE links.

   This document specifies how to map IPv6 over DECT ULE inspired by
   [RFC4944].

1.1.  Requirements Notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

1.2.  Terms Used

   PP: DECT Portable Part, typically the sensor node

   FP: DECT Fixed Part, the gateway

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   LLME: Lower Layer Management Entity

   NWK: Network

   PVC: Permanent Virtual Circuit

   6LN: DECT Portable part having a role as defined in [RFC6775]

   6LBR: DECT Fixed Part having a role as defined in [RFC6775]

2.  DECT Ultra Low Energy

   DECT ULE is a low power air interface technology that is designed to
   support both circuit switched for service, such as voice
   communication, and for packet mode data services at modest data rate.
   This draft is only addressing the packet mode data service of DECT
   ULE.

2.1.  The DECT ULE Protocol Stack

   The DECT ULE protocol stack consists of the PHY layer operating at
   frequencies in the 1880 - 1920 MHz frequency band depending on the
   region and uses a symbol rate of 1.152 Mbps.  Radio bearers are
   allocated by use of FDMA/TDMA/TDD technics.

   In its generic network topology, DECT is defined as a cellular
   network technology.  However, the most common configuration is a star
   network with a single FP defining the network with a number of PP
   attached.  The MAC layer supports both traditional DECT as this is
   used for services like discovery, pairing, security features etc.
   All these features have been reused from DECT.

   The DECT ULE device can switch to the ULE mode of operation,
   utilizing the new ULE MAC layer features.  The DECT ULE Data Link
   Control (DLC) provides multiplexing as well as segmentation and re-
   assembly for larger packets from layers above.  The DECT ULE layer
   also implements per-message authentication and encryption.  The DLC
   layer ensures packet integrity and preserves packet order, but
   delivery is based on best effort.

   The current DECT ULE MAC layer standard supports low bandwidth data
   broadcast.  However the usage of this broadcast service has not yet
   been standardized for higher layers.  This document is not
   considering usage of this DECT ULE MAC broadcast service in current
   version.

   In general, communication sessions can be initiated from both FP and
   PP side.  Depending on power down modes employed in the PP, latency

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   may occur when initiating sessions from FP side.  MAC layer
   communication can either take place using connection oriented packet
   transfer with low overhead for short sessions or take place using
   connection oriented bearers including media reservation.  The MAC
   layer autonomously selects the radio spectrum positions that are
   available within the band and can rearrange these to avoid
   interference.  The MAC layer has built-in retransmission procedures
   in order to improve transmission reliability.

   The DECT ULE device will typically incorporate an Application
   Programmers Interface (API) as well as common elements known as
   Generic Access Profile (GAP) for enrolling into the network.  The
   DECT ULE stack establishes a permanent virtual circuit (PVC) for the
   application layers and provides support for a range of different
   application protocols.  The used application protocol is negotiated
   between the PP and FP when the PVC communication service is
   established.  This draft defines 6LoWPAN as one of the possible
   protocols to negotiate.

       +----------------------------------------+
       |             Applications               |
       +----------------------------------------+
       | Generic Access     |     ULE Profile   |
       |       Profile      |                   |
       +----------------------------------------+
       | DECT/Service API   | ULE Data API      |
       +--------------------+-------------------+
       | LLME  | NWK (MM,CC)|                   |
       +--------------------+-------------------+
       | DECT DLC           | DECT ULE DLC      |
       +--------------------+-------------------+
       |              MAC Layer                 |
       +--------------------+-------------------+
       |              Physical Layer            |
       +--------------------+-------------------+
             (C-plane)             (U-plane)

       Figure 1: DECT ULE Protocol Stack

   The DECT ULE stack can be divided into control (C-plane) and user-
   data (U-plane) parts shown to the left and to the right in figure 1,
   respectively.

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2.2.  Link layer roles and topology

   A FP is assumed to be less constrained than a PP.  Hence, in the
   primary scenario FP and PP will act as 6LBR and a 6LN, respectively.
   This document does only address this primary scenario.

   In DECT ULE, at link layer the communication only takes place between
   a FP and a PP.  A FP is able to handle multiple simultaneous
   connections with a number of PP.  Hence, in a DECT ULE network using
   IPv6, a radio hop is equivalent to an IPv6 link and vice versa.

       [DECT ULE PP]-----\                 /-----[DECT ULE PP]
                          \               /
       [DECT ULE PP]-------+[DECT ULE FP]+-------[DECT ULE PP]
                          /               \
       [DECT ULE PP]-----/                 \-----[DECT ULE PP]

       Figure 2: DECT ULE star topology

   DECT ULE repeaters are not considered in this document.

2.3.  Addressing Model

   Each DECT PP is assigned an <IPEI> (International Portable Equipment
   Identity) during manufacturing.  This identity has the size of 40
   bits and is DECT globally unique for the PP and can be used to
   constitute the MAC address.  However, it cannot be used to derive a
   globally unique IID.

   When bound to a FP, a PP is assigned a 20 bit TPUI (Temporary
   Portable User Identity) which is unique within the FP.  This TPUI is
   used for addressing (layer 2) in messages between FP and PP.

   Each DECT FP is assigned a <RFPI> (Radio Fixed Part Identity) during
   manufacturing.  This identity has the size of 40 bits and is globally
   unique for a FP and can be used to constitute the MAC address.
   However, it cannot be used to derive a globally unique IID.

   Alternatively each DECT PP and DECT FP can be assigned a unique
   (IEEE) MAC-48 address additionally to the DECT identities to be used
   by the 6LoWPAN.  With such an approach, the FP and PP have to
   implement a mapping between used MAC-48 addresses and DECT
   identities.

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2.4.  MTU Considerations

   Generally the DECT ULE FP and PP may be generating data that fits
   into a single MAC Layer packet (38 bytes) for periodically
   transferred information, depending on application.  IP data packets
   may be much larger and hence MTU size should be the size of the IP
   data packet.  The DECT ULE DLC procedures supports segmentation and
   reassembly of any MTU size below 65536 bytes, but most
   implementations do only support smaller values.  The default MTU size
   in DECT ULE is 500 octets, but it is assumed it is configured to fit
   the requirements from IPv6 data packets, hence [RFC4944]
   fragmentation/reassembly is not required.

   It is expected that the LOWPAN_IPHC packet will fulfill all the
   requirements for header compression without spending unnecessary
   overhead for mesh addressing.

   It is important to realize that the usage of larger packets will be
   on the expense of battery life, as a large packet inside the DECT ULE
   stack will be fragmented into several or many MAC layer packets, each
   consuming power to transmit / receive.

2.5.  Additional Considerations

   The DECT ULE standard allows PP to be registered (bind) to multiple
   FP and roaming between these FP.  This draft does not consider the
   scenarios of PP roaming between multiple FP.  The use of repeater
   functionality is also not considered in this draft.

3.  Specification of IPv6 over DECT ULE

   Before any IP-layer communications can take place over DECT ULE, DECT
   ULE enabled nodes such as 6LNs and 6LBRs have to find each other and
   establish a suitable link-layer connection.  The obtain-access-rights
   registration and location registration procedures are documented by
   ETSI in the specifications [EN300.175-part1-7] and [TS102.939-1].

   DECT ULE technology sets strict requirements for low power
   consumption and thus limits the allowed protocol overhead. 6LoWPAN
   standards [RFC4944], [RFC6775], and [RFC6282] provide useful
   functionality for reducing overhead which can be applied to DECT ULE.
   This functionality comprises link-local IPv6 addresses and stateless
   IPv6 address autoconfiguration, Neighbor Discovery and header
   compression.

   The ULE 6LoWPAN adaptation layer can run directly on this U-plane DLC
   layer.  Figure 3 illustrates IPv6 over DECT ULE stack.

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   A significant difference between IEEE 802.15.4 and DECT ULE is that
   the former supports both star and mesh topology (and requires a
   routing protocol), whereas DECT ULE in it's primary configuration
   does not support the formation of multihop networks at the link
   layer.  In consequence, the mesh header defined in [RFC4944] for mesh
   under routing MUST NOT be used in DECT ULE networks.  In addition, a
   DECT ULE PP node MUST NOT play the role of a 6LoWPAN Router (6LR).

3.1.  Protocol stack

   In order to enable transmission of IPv6 packets over DECT ULE, a
   Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) has to be opened between FP and PP.
   This MUST be done by setting up a service call from PP to FP.  The PP
   SHALL specify the <<IWU-ATTRIBUTES>> in a service-change (other)
   message before sending a service-change (resume) message as defined
   in [TS102.939-1].  The <<IWU-ATTRIBTES>> SHALL define the ULE
   Application Protocol Identifier to 0x06 and the MTU size to 1280
   octets or larger.  The FP MUST send a service-change-accept (resume)
   containing a valid paging descriptor.  The PP MUST be pageable.

                     +-------------------+
                     |    UDP/TCP/other  |
                     +-------------------+
                     |       IPv6        |
                     +-------------------+
                     |6LoWPAN adapted to |
                     |    DECT ULE       |
                     +-------------------+
                     |  DECT ULE DLC     |
                     +-------------------+
                     |  DECT ULE MAC     |
                     +-------------------+
                     |  DECT ULE PHY     |
                     +-------------------+

                   Figure 3: IPv6 over DECT ULE Stack

3.2.  Link model

   The general model is that IPv6 is layer 3 and DECT ULE MAC+DLC is
   layer 2.  The DECT ULE implements fragmentation and reassembly
   functionality and [RFC4944] fragmentation and reassembly function
   MUST NOT be used.  Since IPv6 requires MTU size of at least 1280
   octets, the DECT ULE connection (PVC) MUST be configured with
   equivalent MTU size.

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   This specification also assumes the IPv6 header compression format
   specified in [RFC6282].  It is also assumed that the IPv6 payload
   length can be inferred from the ULE DLC packet length and the IID
   value inferred from the link-layer address.

   Due to DECT ULE star topology, each branch of the star is considered
   to be an individual link and thus the PPs cannot directly hear one
   another and cannot talk to one another with link-local addresses.
   However, the FP acts as a 6LBR for communication between the PPs.
   After the FP and PPs have connected at the DECT ULE level, the link
   can be considered up and IPv6 address configuration and transmission
   can begin.  The FP ensures address collisions do not occur.

3.2.1.  Stateless address autoconfiguration

   A DECT ULE 6LN performs stateless address autoconfiguration as per
   [RFC4862].  A 64-bit Interface identifier (IID) for a DECT ULE
   interface MAY be formed by utilizing a MAC-48 device address as
   defined in [RFC2464] "IPv6 over Ethernet" specification.
   Alternatively, the DECT device addresses IPEI, RFPI or TPUI, MAY be
   used instead to derive the IID.

   As defined in [RFC4291], the IPv6 link-local address for a DECT ULE
   node is formed by appending the IID, to the prefix FE80::/64, as
   shown in Figure 4.

                10 bits       54 bits            64 bits
             +----------+-----------------+----------------------+
             |1111111010|       zeros     | Interface Identifier |
             +----------+-----------------+----------------------+

                   Figure 4: IPv6 link-local address in DECT ULE

   A 6LN MUST join the all-nodes multicast address.

   After link-local address configuration, 6LN sends Router Solicitation
   messages as described in [RFC4861] Section 6.3.7.

   For non-link-local addresses a 64-bit IID MAY be formed by utilizing
   a MAC-48 device address.  Alternatively, a randomly generated IID
   (see Section 3.2.2) can be used instead, for example, as discussed in
   [I-D.ietf-6man-default-iids].  The non-link-local addresses 6LN
   generates must be registered with 6LBR as described in Section 3.2.2.

   Only if the device address is known to be a public address the
   "Universal/Local" bit can be set to 1 [RFC4291].

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   The means for a 6LBR to obtain an IPv6 prefix for numbering the DECT
   ULE network is out of scope of this document, but can be, for
   example, accomplished via DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation [RFC3633] or by
   using Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses (ULA) [RFC4193].  Due to
   the link model of the DECT ULE the 6LBR MUST set the "on-link" flag
   (L) to zero in the Prefix Information Option [RFC4861].  This will
   cause 6LNs to always send packets to the 6LBR, including the case
   when the destination is another 6LN using the same prefix.

3.2.2.  Neighbor discovery

   'Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless
   Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)' [RFC6775] describes the neighbor
   discovery approach as adapted for use in several 6LoWPAN topologies,
   including the mesh topology.  As DECT ULE is considered not to
   support mesh networks, hence only those aspects that apply to a star
   topology are considered.

   The following aspects of the Neighbor Discovery optimizations
   [RFC6775] are applicable to DECT ULE 6LNs:

   1.  For sending Router Solicitations and processing Router
   Advertisements the DECT ULE 6LNs MUST, respectively, follow Sections
   5.3 and 5.4 of the [RFC6775].

   2.  A DECT ULE 6LN SHOULD NOT register its link-local address.  A
   DECT ULE 6LN MUST register its non-link-local addresses with the 6LBR
   by sending a Neighbor Solicitation (NS) message with the Address
   Registration Option (ARO) and process the Neighbor Advertisement (NA)
   accordingly.  The NS with the ARO option MUST be sent irrespective of
   the method used to generate the IID.  The 6LN MUST register only one
   IPv6 address per available IPv6 prefix.

3.2.3.  Unicast and Multicast address mapping

   The DECT MAC layer broadcast service is considered inadequate for IP
   multicast.

   Hence traffic is always unicast between two DECT ULE nodes.  Even in
   the case where a 6LBR is attached to multiple 6LNs, the 6LBR cannot
   do a multicast to all the connected 6LNs.  If the 6LBR needs to send
   a multicast packet to all its 6LNs, it has to replicate the packet
   and unicast it on each link.  However, this may not be energy-
   efficient and particular care must be taken if the FP is battery-
   powered.  In the opposite direction, a 6LN can only transmit data to
   or through the 6LBR.  Hence, when a 6LN needs to transmit an IPv6
   multicast packet, the 6LN will unicast the corresponding DECT ULE
   packet to the 6LBR.  The 6LBR will then forward the multicast packet

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   to other 6LNs.  To avoid excess of unwanted multicast traffic being
   sent to 6LNs, the 6LBR SHOULD implement MLD Snooping feature
   [RFC4541].

3.2.4.  Header Compression

   Header compression as defined in [RFC6282], which specifies the
   compression format for IPv6 datagrams on top of IEEE 802.15.4, is
   REQUIRED in this document as the basis for IPv6 header compression on
   top of DECT ULE.  All headers MUST be compressed according to
   [RFC6282] encoding formats.  The DECT ULE's star topology structure
   and ARO can be exploited in order to provide a mechanism for IID
   compression.  The following text describes the principles of IPv6
   address compression on top of DECT ULE.

3.2.4.1.  Link-local Header Compression

   In a link-local communication terminated at 6LN and 6LBR, both the
   IPv6 source and destination addresses MUST be elided, since the node
   knows that the packet is destined for it even if the packet does not
   have destination IPv6 address.  A node SHALL learn the IID of the
   other endpoint of each DECT ULE connection it participates in.  By
   exploiting this information, a node that receives a PDU containing an
   IPv6 packet can infer the corresponding IPv6 source address.  A node
   MUST maintain a Neighbor Cache, in which the entries include both the
   IID of the neighbor and the Device Address that identifies the
   neighbor.  For the type of communication considered in this
   paragraph, the following settings MUST be used in the IPv6 compressed
   header: CID=0, SAC=0, SAM=11, DAC=0, DAM=11.

3.2.4.2.  Non-link-local Header Compression

   To enable efficient header compression, the 6LBR MUST include 6LoWPAN
   Context Option (6CO) [RFC6775] for all prefixes the 6LBR advertises
   in Router Advertisements for use in stateless address
   autoconfiguration.

   When a 6LN transmits an IPv6 packet to a destination using global
   Unicast IPv6 addresses, if a context is defined for the prefix of the
   6LNs global IPv6 address, the 6LN MUST indicate this context in the
   corresponding source fields of the compressed IPv6 header as per
   Section 3.1 of [RFC6282], and MUST elide the IPv6 source address.
   For this, the 6LN MUST use the following settings in the IPv6
   compressed header: CID=1, SAC=1, SAM=11.  In this case, the 6LBR can
   infer the elided IPv6 source address since 1) the 6LBR has previously
   assigned the prefix to the 6LNs; and 2) the 6LBR maintains a Neighbor
   Cache that relates the Device Address and the IID of the
   corresponding PP.  If a context is defined for the IPv6 destination

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   address, the 6LN MUST also indicate this context in the corresponding
   destination fields of the compressed IPv6 header, and MUST elide the
   prefix of the destination IPv6 address.  For this, the 6LN MUST set
   the DAM field of the compressed IPv6 header as CID=1, DAC=1 and
   DAM=01 or DAM=11.  Note that when a context is defined for the IPv6
   destination address, the 6LBR can infer the elided destination prefix
   by using the context.

   When a 6LBR receives a IPv6 packet having a global Unicast IPv6
   address, and the destination of the packet is a 6LN, if a context is
   defined for the prefix of the 6LN's global IPv6 address, the 6LBR
   MUST indicate this context in the corresponding destination fields of
   the compressed IPv6 header, and MUST elide the IPv6 destination
   address of the packet before forwarding it to the 6LN.  For this, the
   6LBR MUST set the DAM field of the IPv6 compressed header as DAM=11.
   CID and DAC MUST be set to CID=1 and DAC=1.  If a context is defined
   for the prefix of the IPv6 source address, the 6LBR MUST indicate
   this context in the source fields of the compressed IPv6 header, and
   MUST elide that prefix as well.  For this, the 6LBR MUST set the SAM
   field of the IPv6 compressed header as CID=1, SAC=1 and SAM=01 or
   SAM=11.

3.3.  Internet connectivity scenarios

   In a typical scenario, the DECT ULE network is connected to the
   Internet as shown in the Figure 5.

   A degenerate scenario can be imagined where a PP is acting as 6LBR
   and providing Internet connectivity for the FP.  How the FP could
   then further provide Internet connectivity to other PP, possibly
   connected to the FP, is out of the scope of this document.

                          6LN
                           \            ____________
                            \          /            \
                    6LN ---- 6LBR --- |  Internet    |
                            /          \____________/
                           /
                          6LN

                    <-- DECT ULE -->

              Figure 5: DECT ULE network connected to the Internet

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   In some scenarios, the DECT ULE network may transiently or
   permanently be an isolated network as shown in the Figure 6.

                         6LN      6LN
                          \      /
                           \    /
                    6LN --- 6LBR --- 6LN
                           /    \
                          /      \
                         6LN      6LN

                    <------ DECT ULE ----->

                      Figure 6: Isolated DECT ULE network

   In the isolated network scenario, communications between 6LN and 6LBR
   can use IPv6 link-local methodology, but for communications between
   different PP, the FP has to act as 6LBR, number the network with ULA
   prefix [RFC4193], and route packets between PP.

4.  IANA Considerations

   There are no IANA considerations related to this document.

5.  Security Considerations

   The secure transmission of speech over DECT will be based on the
   DSAA2 and DSC2 work developed by the DF Security group / ETSI TC DECT
   and the ETSI SAGE Security expert group.

   DECT ULE communications are secured at the link-layer (DLC) by
   encryption and per-message authentication through CCM mode (Counter
   with CBC-MAC) similar to [RFC3610].  The underlying algorithm for
   providing encryption and authentication is AES128.

   The DECT ULE pairing procedure generates a master authentication key
   (UAK) and during location registration procedure or when the
   permanent virtual circuit are established, the session security keys
   are generated.  Session security keys may be renewed regularly.  The
   generated security keys (UAK and session security keys) are
   individual for each FP-PP binding, hence all PP in a system have
   different security keys.  DECT ULE PPs do not use any shared
   encryption key.

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   The IPv6 address configuration as described in Section 3.2.1 allows
   implementations the choice to support [I-D.ietf-6man-default-iids]
   for non-link addresses.

6.  ETSI Considerations

   ETSI is standardizing a list of known application layer protocols
   that can use the DECT ULE permanent virtual circuit packet data
   service.  Each protocol is identified by a unique known identifier,
   which is exchanged in the service-change procedure as defined in
   [TS102.939-1].  The IPv6/6LoWPAN as described in this document is
   considered as an application layer protocol on top of DECT ULE.  In
   order to provide interoperability between 6LoWPAN / DECT ULE devices
   a common protocol identifier for 6LoWPAN is standardized by ETSI.

   The ETSI DECT ULE Application Protocol Identifier is specified to
   0x06 for 6LoWPAN.

7.  Acknowledgements

   We are grateful to the members of the IETF 6lo working group; this
   document borrows liberally from their work.

   Ralph Droms has provided valuable feedback for this draft.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [EN300.175-part1-7]
              ETSI, "Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
              (DECT); Common Interface (CI);", August 2013.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2464]  Crawford, M., "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet
              Networks", RFC 2464, December 1998.

   [RFC3610]  Whiting, D., Housley, R., and N. Ferguson, "Counter with
              CBC-MAC (CCM)", RFC 3610, September 2003.

   [RFC3633]  Troan, O. and R. Droms, "IPv6 Prefix Options for Dynamic
              Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) version 6", RFC 3633,
              December 2003.

   [RFC4193]  Hinden, R. and B. Haberman, "Unique Local IPv6 Unicast
              Addresses", RFC 4193, October 2005.

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   [RFC4291]  Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
              Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006.

   [RFC4541]  Christensen, M., Kimball, K., and F. Solensky,
              "Considerations for Internet Group Management Protocol
              (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Snooping
              Switches", RFC 4541, May 2006.

   [RFC4861]  Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman,
              "Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861,
              September 2007.

   [RFC4862]  Thomson, S., Narten, T., and T. Jinmei, "IPv6 Stateless
              Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 4862, September 2007.

   [RFC4941]  Narten, T., Draves, R., and S. Krishnan, "Privacy
              Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in
              IPv6", RFC 4941, September 2007.

   [RFC4944]  Montenegro, G., Kushalnagar, N., Hui, J., and D. Culler,
              "Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4
              Networks", RFC 4944, September 2007.

   [RFC6282]  Hui, J. and P. Thubert, "Compression Format for IPv6
              Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks", RFC 6282,
              September 2011.

   [RFC6775]  Shelby, Z., Chakrabarti, S., Nordmark, E., and C. Bormann,
              "Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over Low-Power
              Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)", RFC 6775,
              November 2012.

   [TS102.939-1]
              ETSI, "Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
              (DECT); Ultra Low Energy (ULE); Machine to Machine
              Communications; Part 1: Home Automation Network (phase
              1)", April 2013.

8.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-6man-default-iids]
              Gont, F., Cooper, A., Thaler, D., and W. Will,
              "Recommendation on Stable IPv6 Interface Identifiers",
              draft-ietf-6man-default-iids-02 (work in progress),
              January 2015.

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Authors' Addresses

   Peter B. Mariager
   RTX A/S
   Stroemmen 6
   DK-9400 Noerresundby
   Denmark

   Email: pm@rtx.dk

   Jens Toftgaard Petersen (editor)
   RTX A/S
   Stroemmen 6
   DK-9400 Noerresundby
   Denmark

   Email: jtp@rtx.dk

   Zach Shelby
   Sensinode
   150 Rose Orchard
   San Jose, CA 95134
   USA

   Email: zach.shelby@arm.com

   Marco van de Logt
   Gigaset Communications GmbH
   Frankenstrasse 2
   D-46395 Bocholt
   Germany

   Email: marco.van-de-logt@gigaset.com

   Dominique Barthel
   Orange Labs

   Email: dominique.barthel@orange.com

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