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Informational Add-on for HTTP over the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol and/or the Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
draft-hoehlhubmer-https-addon-07

Document Type Active Internet-Draft (individual)
Author Walter H.
Last updated 2021-11-24 (Latest revision 2013-11-25)
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draft-hoehlhubmer-https-addon-07
Network Working Group                                     W. Hoehlhubmer
Internet-Draft                                              Nov 25, 2013
Category: Best Current Practice
Intended status: Informational
Expires: May 25, 2014

                  Informational Add-on for HTTP over
            the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol and/or
              the Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
                   draft-hoehlhubmer-https-addon-07

Abstract

   This document describes an Add-on for websites providing encrypted
   connectivity (HTTP over TLS).

   The Add-on has two parts,  one for the Domain Name System (DNS) -
   storing the X.509 certificate hashes - and one for the webserver
   itself - an additional webpage providing specific informations.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 25, 2014.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents

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   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   1.1. Requirements Notation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Implementing this Add-on  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   2.1.  Implementing the DNS part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   2.1.1.  Calculating the Hashes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   2.1.1.1.  Calculating the Packed form . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   2.1.2.  Formatting the Date and Time  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   2.1.3.  Arbitrary String Attribute Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   2.1.4.  DNS-entry Namespace   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   2.2.  Implementing the HTTP part  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   2.2.1.  Webpage Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   2.2.2.  Formating and Presenting the Webpage  . . . . . . . . . .  11
   3.  DNS part Details  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   3.1.  Handling Certificate Rollover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   3.2.  Verification Procedure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   4.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   6.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   7.  Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   9.  Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   A.  Example certificates  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   A.1.  The DER-encoded CA certificate  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   A.1.1.  The CA's public key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   A.2.  The DER-encoded SSL certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   B.  Script Examples for the Add-on webpage  . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   B.1.  PHP-script  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   B.2.  CGI-script: A BASH shell script . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   B.3.  CGI-script: A compiled C program  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   C.  Sample Content of the Add-on webpage  . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
   C.1.  A complete sample content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
   C.1.1.  ...,  the client certificate part . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
   C.2.  Picking another cipher suite  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
   C.2.1.  ...,  and one more  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25

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1. Introduction

   HTTP over TLS [HTTPTLS] is not limited to e.g.  electronic banking
   sites.  E-commerce is also using this technology on their websites
   for encrypted communication between clients (users) and them.

   A list of a few encryption algorithms:
   
   (1) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
   (2) Data Encryption Standard (DES, 3DES)
   (3) Ron's Code 4 (RC4)
   (4) ...

   As an example a list of some kinds of the Camellia encryption
   algorithm [CAMELLIA] (names taken from OpenSSL help [OPENSSL]):

   (1) CAMELLIA-128-CBC: 128-bit Camellia encryption in CBC mode
   (2) CAMELLIA-128-ECB: 128-bit Camellia encryption in ECB mode
   (3) CAMELLIA-192-CBC: 192-bit Camellia encryption in CBC mode
   (4) CAMELLIA-192-ECB: 192-bit Camellia encryption in ECB mode
   (5) CAMELLIA-256-CBC: 256-bit Camellia encryption in CBC mode
   (6) CAMELLIA-256-ECB: 256-bit Camellia encryption in ECB mode
   (7) ...

   A list of possible secure layer used:

   (1) The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol:
       (1a) Version 2.0 [SSLv2]
       (1b) Version 3.0 [SSLv3]

   (2) The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol:
       (2a) Version 1.0 [TLSv1.0]
       (2b) Version 1.1 [TLSv1.1]
       (2c) Version 1.2 [TLSv1.2]

   A list of possible Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS):

   (1) Pre-Shared Key Cipher Suites [RFC4279]
   (2) Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher Suites [RFC4492]
   (3) Pre-Shared Key Cipher Suites with NULL Encryption [RFC4785]
   (4) AES Galois Counter Mode (GCM) Cipher Suites [RFC5288]
   (5) DES and IDEA Cipher Suites [RFC5469]
   (6) ECDHE_PSK Cipher Suites [RFC5489]
   (7) Camellia Cipher Suites [RFC5932]
   (8) ...

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   A list of possible Hashing Algorithms:

   (1) the [MD2] Message-Digest Algorithm (historic see [RFC6149])
   (2) the [MD4] Message-Digest Algorithm (historic see [RFC6150])
   (3) the [MD5] Message-Digest Algorithm used commonly in past
   (4) the US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 [SHA1]
   (5) more US Secure Hash Algorithms [RFC6234]
   (6) ...

   Only the X.509 Certificates [RFC5280] are static,  all other
   informations depend on the capabilities of the used web browser.

   Not every browser allows you to view all these informations,
   especially the Cipher Suite the browser has picked for use.

   With most browsers you can view the used X.509 certificates of the
   actual session,  but you have no direct comparison if they are the
   correct ones.

   It is a good practice to show these informations on the website.

   The X.509 certificates which are shown by the browser and those,
   that are shown in this Add-on webpage MUST match;  with other words:

   If they do not match, there is going on a man-in-the-middle attack.

   To give the browser,  a plug-in,  or just a stand-alone program,
   the ability to verify,  that the X.509 certificate is correct,
   the Fingerprint and/or Hash of the X.509 certificates and also some
   additional informations for the community itself are stored in
   the Domain Name System (DNS) [DNS-1,DNS-2] as arbitrary string
   attributes as specified in [RFC1464].

   This SHOULD be seen as an additional specification of the DNS-Based
   Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) [RFC6698] that increases the
   confidence and gives extended informations that can easily be read
   by the community.

1.1. Requirements Notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

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2.  Implementing this Add-on

   This Add-on has two parts.

   Section 2.1.  describes the implementation of the neccessary entries
   in the Domain Name System (DNS).

   Section 2.2.  describes the implementation of the additional webpage.

2.1.  Implementing the DNS part

   This part is implemented as an arbitrary string attribute, that has
   at least the following content:

   (1) The Hashes of all X.509 certificates of the whole certificate
       chain
   (2) The number of all X.509 certificates of the whole certificate
       chain
   (3) The used Hashing algorithm as specified in [SHA1] or [RFC6234]:
       (3a) "sha1" for SHA-1
       (3b) "sha224" for SHA-224
       (3c) "sha256" for SHA-256
       (3d) "sha384" for SHA-384
       (3e) "sha512" for SHA-512
   (4) The way the Hashing values were calculated:
       (4a) "0" for Non-packed Base64 encoded Hashes,
            see Section 2.1.1.
       (4b) "1" for Packed Base64 encoded Hashes,
            see Section 2.1.1.1.
   (5) The Date and Time the X.509 certificate is valid,
       for format see Section 2.1.2.

   For Syntax see Section 2.1.3.

2.1.1  Calculating the Hashes

   For calculating the hashes use either [SHA1] or SHA-224,  SHA-256,
   SHA-384,  or SHA-512 as specified in  [RFC6234].

   Take each X.509 certificate of the whole chain and calculate the
   hash of the DER-encoded certificate.

   The example certificates of Appendix A give these SHA-224 hashes
   in hex:

   CA:  00fcc1bb4d09a392f5729a0c1e1ed4247db6b21da1fca9bf6d218db4
   SSL:  eacbdc6c27cba4ecc87b4e953b56c6987d87430b682b1f13031b04de

   

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   and these SHA-512 hashes in hex:

   CA:  6744023893a9a046e713b5615bcf1a267a41da13712f4eb964e496754bd9
        43105a5a3a8b9b071dea25f90fa7aa9c877dcc2ec81a7c97b640b30dd350
        83252078
   SSL:  df0dee228b19aa1eac6d2227d11cb243562058db5a4041b208ed7702869
         98747ed7ba08026791961d338cb2063f3485ec9fe07d5631a8a1b1da340
         25cb8962f5

   Concatenate the binary form of the calculated hashes in the correct
   order beginning at the root.
   Generate the Base64 encoding [RFC4648] from the concatenated hashes.

   This example gives the following Base64 from the concatenated
   SHA-224 hashes:
   
   APzBu00Jo5L1cpoMHh7UJH22sh2h/Km/bSGNtOrL3Gwny6TsyHtOlTtWxph9h0ML
   aCsfEwMbBN4=

   and from the SHA-512 hashes:

   Z0QCOJOpoEbnE7VhW88aJnpB2hNxL065ZOSWdUvZQxBaWjqLmwcd6iX5D6eqnId9
   zC7IGnyXtkCzDdNQgyUgeN8N7iKLGaoerG0iJ9EcskNWIFjbWkBBsgjtdwKGmYdH
   7XuggCZ5GWHTOMsgY/NIXsn+B9VjGoobHaNAJcuJYvU=
   
   Due to size limitations as specified in [DNS-2] Section 2.3.4.  and
   the Syntax as specified in Section 2.1.2.  below
   this Base64 encoded hash MUST NOT be longer than 196 octets.

   This table shows when to use the packed form of calculation explained
   in next Section 2.1.1.1.

      +-----------+--------------+
      | Hashing   | X.509        |
      | algorithm | certificates |
      +-----------+--------------+
      | SHA-1     | 8 or more    |
      +-----------+--------------+
      | SHA-224   | 6 or more    |
      +-----------+--------------+
      | SHA-256   | 5 or more    |
      +-----------+--------------+
      | SHA-384   | 4 or more    |
      +-----------+--------------+
      | SHA-512   | 3 or more    |
      +-----------+--------------+

   Using of the non packed form SHOULD be preferred.

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2.1.1.1.  Calculating the Packed form

   The calculation is the same except, that the binary form of the
   concatenated hashes is hashed again using the SHA-512 algorithm.

   Generate the Base64 encoding from this SHA-512 hash.

   The example from the previous Section 2.1.1.  has only two X.509
   certificates.  There would not be any need of packing this by
   hashing again.

   The Base64 encoding of this packed SHA-512 hash is the following:

   4iBTHcxpK4GG0thWbLaq9gQx2UmFDPI2DJDWyeKYk3RmUwS+nkuCXYXR6ED4iGy4
   Ftl5nFcsta9rwMvsaQx/wg==

      NOTE: The algorithm attribute refers to the calculation method
      of the X.509 certificate hashes.  For calculation of the packed
      form there is always used the SHA-512 hashing algorithm.

2.1.2.  Formatting the Date and Time

   The date and time is formatted in GeneralizedTime as
   specified in [RFC5280] Section 4.1.2.5.2.

   For the purposes here, GeneralizedTime values MUST be expressed
   in Greenwich Mean Time (Zulu) and MUST include seconds
   (i.e., times are YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ), even where the number of seconds
   is zero.  GeneralizedTime values MUST NOT include fractional seconds.

2.1.3.  Arbitrary String Attribute Syntax

   The syntax for a complete arbitrary string attribute, using the
   ABNF notation and core rules of [RFC5234], is:

      attribute = DQUOTE
                  attr-algo 1*SP     ; (3)
                  attr-count 1*SP    ; (2)
                  attr-packed 1*SP   ; (4)
                  attr-time 1*SP     ; (5)
                  attr-hashes 1*SP   ; (1)
                  DQUOTE

      attr-algo = "a=" hash-algo ";"
      attr-count = "c=" cert-count ";"
      attr-packed = "f=" packed-form ";"
      attr-time = "v=" valid-time-from "-" valid-time-to ";"
      attr-hashes = "x=" cert-hashes ";"

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      cert-count = DIGIT  ; number of X.509 certificates of
                          ;  the whole certificates chain

      cert-hashes = base64-string
                          ; base64 encoding of the certificates
                          ;  hashes

      hash-algo = 1*("sha1" / "sha224" / "sha256" / "sha384" /
                     "sha512")

      packed-form = 1BIT  ; "0" non-packed base64 encoded hashes,
                          ; "1" packed base64 encoded hashes

      valid-time-from = time-str
      valid-time-to = time-str

      base64-string = 1*(ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "/") [ "=" [ "=" ] ]

      time-str = time-year time-month time-day time-hours time-minutes
                 time-seconds "Z"

      time-year = 4DIGIT
      time-month = 2DIGIT
      time-day = 2DIGIT
      time-hours = 2DIGIT
      time-minutes = 2DIGIT
      time-seconds = 2DIGIT

   The example from Section 2.1.1.  gives these:

   "a=SHA224; c=2; f=0; v=19700101000000Z-19701231235959Z; x=APzBu0
   0Jo5L1cpoMHh7UJH22sh2h/Km/bSGNtOrL3Gwny6TsyHtOlTtWxph9h0MLaCsfEw
   MbBN4=;"

   "a=SHA512; c=2; f=0; v=19700101000000Z-19701231235959Z; x=Z0QCOJ
   OpoEbnE7VhW88aJnpB2hNxL065ZOSWdUvZQxBaWjqLmwcd6iX5D6eqnId9zC7IGn
   yXtkCzDdNQgyUgeN8N7iKLGaoerG0iJ9EcskNWIFjbWkBBsgjtdwKGmYdH7XuggC
   Z5GWHTOMsgY/NIXsn+B9VjGoobHaNAJcuJYvU=;"

   "a=SHA512; c=2; f=1; v=19700101000000Z-19701231235959Z; x=4iBTHc
   xpK4GG0thWbLaq9gQx2UmFDPI2DJDWyeKYk3RmUwS+nkuCXYXR6ED4iGy4Ftl5nF
   csta9rwMvsaQx/wg==;"

   All three are valid.

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2.1.4.  DNS-entry Namespace

   For this Add-on a subdomain named "_sslinfo" is used.

      INFORMATIVE OPERATIONAL NOTE: Wildcard DNS records (e.g.,
      *._sslinfo.example.com) are only used in context with
      Wildcard X.509 certificates.  Note also that wildcards within
      domains (e.g., s._sslinfo.*.example.com) are not supported by
      the DNS.

   The DNS entries in the Zone file for this example look like these:

   ; IPv4 address
   www.example.com.           IN A 192.0.2.1

   ; IPv6 address
   www.example.com.           IN AAAA 2001:db8::1

   ; X.509 certificates hashes, SHA-224
   www._sslinfo.example.com.  IN TXT "a=SHA224; c=2; f=0; v=1970010
   1000000Z-19701231235959Z; x=APzBu00Jo5L1cpoMHh7UJH22sh2h/Km/bSGN
   tOrL3Gwny6TsyHtOlTtWxph9h0MLaCsfEwMbBN4=;"

   ; X.509 certificates hashes, SHA-512
   www._sslinfo.example.com.  IN TXT "a=SHA512; c=2; f=0; v=1970010
   1000000Z-19701231235959Z; x=Z0QCOJOpoEbnE7VhW88aJnpB2hNxL065ZOSW
   dUvZQxBaWjqLmwcd6iX5D6eqnId9zC7IGnyXtkCzDdNQgyUgeN8N7iKLGaoerG0i
   J9EcskNWIFjbWkBBsgjtdwKGmYdH7XuggCZ5GWHTOMsgY/NIXsn+B9VjGoobHaNA
   JcuJYvU=;"

   ; X.509 certificates hashes, SHA-512, packed
   www._sslinfo.example.com.  IN TXT "a=SHA512; c=2; f=1; v=1970010
   1000000Z-19701231235959Z; x=4iBTHcxpK4GG0thWbLaq9gQx2UmFDPI2DJDW
   yeKYk3RmUwS+nkuCXYXR6ED4iGy4Ftl5nFcsta9rwMvsaQx/wg==;"

2.2.  Implementing the HTTP part

   This Add-on is just one page of the website.  Its content MUST be
   completely generated on server side.  The Common Gateway Interface
   [CGI1.1] is RECOMMENDED to be used.  There MUST exist at least one
   relative reference to this page as defined in [RFC3986] Section 4.2.

   See Section 2.2.1.  for the neccessary content of this webpage.

   For doing so see the sample scripts from Appendix B.
   To see how this Add-on works,  see [MYADDON].

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2.2.1.  Webpage Content

   The informations MUST be the following:

   (1) The actual date and time

   (2) The cipher specification name

   (3) Number of cipher bits (actually used)
   (4) Number of cipher bits (possible)

   (5) The SSL Protocol version: SSLv2,  SSLv3,
       TLSv1.0,  TLSv1.1,  TLSv1.2, ...

   (6) If cipher is an export cipher: false, true
   (7) If secure renegotiation is supported: false, true

   (8) Algorithm used for the public key of server's certificate
   (9) Algorithm used for the signature of server's certificate
   (10) Issuer DN of server's certificate
   (11) Subject DN in server's certificate
   (12) The serial of the server certificate
   (13) The version of the server certificate
   (14) Validity of server's certificate (start time)
   (15) Validity of server's certificate (end time)

   (16) Client certificate verification:
        NONE, SUCCESS, GENEROUS or FAILED:reason

   (17) SSL compression method negotiated: NULL when disabled

   For connections where X.509 certificates are used for authentication
   these informations are RECOMMENDED:

   (18) Algorithm used for the public key of client's certificate
   (19) Algorithm used for the signature of client's certificate
   (20) Issuer DN of client's certificate
   (21) Subject DN in client's certificate
   (22) The serial of the client certificate
   (23) The version of the client certificate
   (24) Validity of client's certificate (start time)
   (25) Validity of client's certificate (end time)
   (26) Number of days until client's certificate expires

   This information MAY be given:

   (27) The hex-encoded SSL session id
   (28) Contents of the SNI TLS extension (if supplied with ClientHello)

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   These OPTIONAL informations depend on the used software:

   (29) The SSL-module program version: e.g. Apache mod_ssl version
   (30) The SSL program version: e.g. OpenSSL version

   See Appendix C for a sample content.

2.2.2.  Formating and Presenting the Webpage

   You SHALL present this information simple,  plain Text is enough.
   When using HTML,  only relative references as defined in [RFC3986]
   Section 4.2.  MAY be used.  It is RECOMMENDED to use only a subset
   of [HTML2.0].

   The actual date and time SHALL be formatted as specified in [RFC5322]
   Section 3.3.  The time MUST NOT differ more than 5 seconds from the
   real date/time.

   Any translation or sorting the order of this content is OPTIONAL.

   Consider using either one of the charactersets as specified
   in [ISO8859] or the UTF-8 characterset as specified in [ISO10646].

3.  DNS part Details

3.1.  Handling Certificate Rollover

   This is analogous to [RFC6698] Section A.4.

   Suppose www.example.com has a single TXT record:

   www._sslinfo.example.com.  IN TXT "a=SHA224; ...; x=Z0QCO..."

   To start the rollover process, obtain or generate the new certificate
   or SubjectPublicKeyInfo to be used after the rollover and generate
   the new TXT record.  Add that record alongside the old one:

   www._sslinfo.example.com.  IN TXT "a=SHA224; ...; x=Z0QCO..."
   www._sslinfo.example.com.  IN TXT "a=SHA384; ...; x=A078x..."

   After the new records have propagated to the authoritative
   nameservers and the TTL of the old record has expired, switch to the
   new certificate on the Web server.  Once this has occurred, the old
   TXT record can be removed:

   www._sslinfo.example.com.  IN TXT "a=SHA384; ...; x=A078x..."

   This completes the certificate rollover.

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3.2.  Verification Procedure

   When the webbrowser or a plug-in honors the additional DNS entries,
   it SHOULD give a warning to the user:

   (1) when it doesn't find the entry
   (2) when the entry doesn't match

   In case the DNS entries were retrieved by [DNSSEC] instead of simple
   DNS,  then the user MUST give a permission to go further, when one
   of the two scenarios occurs.

   The user MAY be warned,  but MUST NOT be prevented to use the
   website.

4.  IANA Considerations

   There are no requests for IANA actions in this document.

5.  Security Considerations

   When implementing the HTTP part as a popup window in the browser,
   this information MUST also be available with enabled popup-blocker.

   The implementation MUST NOT use any scripts, that run on client side:
   e.g. Javascript, ...

   There SHOULD also be no references to other websites inside this
   Add-on page.

6.  Acknowledgements

7.  Recommendations

   [DNSSEC] SHOULD be used for the DNS part.

   Using a standardized URL for the HTTP part is RECOMMENDED,
   for more see Discussions at Section 9.

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8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [DNS-1]     Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and
               facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.

   [DNS-2]     Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
               specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.

   [RFC5280]   Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
               Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
               Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation
               List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008.

8.2.  Informative References

   [CAMELLIA]  Matsui, M., Nakajima, J., and S. Moriai, "A Description
               of the Camellia Encryption Algorithm", RFC 3713,
               April 2004.

   [DNSSEC]    Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and
               S. Rose, "DNS Security Introduction and Requirements",
               RFC 4033, March 2005.

   [HTTPTLS]   Rescorla, E., "HTTP over TLS", RFC 2818, May 2000.

   [ISO8859]   ISO/IEC 8859:1998.  Information technology -- 8-bit
               single-byte coded graphic character sets.

   [ISO10646]  ISO/IEC 10646:2003.  Information technology -- Universal
               Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS).

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   [CGI1.1]    Robinson, D. and K. Coar, "The Common Gateway Interface
               (CGI) Version 1.1", RFC 3875, October 2004.

   [HTML2.0]   Berners-Lee, T. and D. Connolly, "Hypertext Markup
               Language - 2.0", RFC 1866, November 1995.

   [MD2]       Kaliski, B., "The MD2 Message-Digest Algorithm",
               RFC 1319, April 1992.

   [MD4]       Rivest, R., "The MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1320,
               April 1992.

   [MD5]       Rivest, R., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1321,
               April 1992.

   [SHA1]      Eastlake 3rd, D. and P. Jones, "US Secure Hash
               Algorithm 1 (SHA1)", RFC 3174, September 2001.

   [SSLv2]     Hickman, Kipp, "The SSL Protocol", Netscape
               Communications Corp., Feb 9, 1995.

   [SSLv3]     Freier, A., Karlton, P., and P. Kocher, "The Secure
               Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol Version 3.0", RFC 6101,
               August 2011.

   [TLSv1.0]   Dierks, T. and C. Allen, "The TLS Protocol Version 1.0",
               RFC 2246, January 1999.

   [TLSv1.1]   Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
               (TLS) Protocol Version 1.1", RFC 4346, April 2006.

   [TLSv1.2]   Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
               (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

   [OPENSSL]   OpenSSL Cryptography and SSL/TLS Toolkit at
               http://www.openssl.org/

   [RFC1464]   Rosenbaum, R., "Using the Domain Name System To Store
               Arbitrary String Attributes", RFC 1464, May 1993.

   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

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   [RFC3986]   Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
               Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
               RFC 3986, January 2005.

   [RFC4279]   Eronen, P., Ed., and H. Tschofenig, Ed., "Pre-Shared Key
               Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)",
               RFC 4279, December 2005.

   [RFC4492]   Blake-Wilson, S., Bolyard, N., Gupta, V., Hawk, C., and
               B. Moeller, "Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher
               Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 4492,
               May 2006.

   [RFC4648]   Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
               Encodings", RFC 4648, October 2006.

   [RFC4785]   Blumenthal, U. and P. Goel, "Pre-Shared Key (PSK)
               Ciphersuites with NULL Encryption for Transport Layer
               Security (TLS)", RFC 4785, January 2007.

   [RFC5234]   Crocker, D., Ed., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for
               Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234,
               January 2008.
               
   [RFC5288]   Salowey, J., Choudhury, A., and D. McGrew, "AES Galois
               Counter Mode (GCM) Cipher Suites for TLS", RFC 5288,
               August 2008.

   [RFC5322]   Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322,
               October 2008.

   [RFC5469]   Eronen, P., Ed., "DES and IDEA Cipher Suites for
               Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 5469, February
               2009.

   [RFC5489]   Badra, M. and I. Hajjeh, "ECDHE_PSK Cipher Suites for
               Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 5489, March 2009.

   [RFC5932]   Kato, A., Kanda, M., and S. Kanno, "Camellia Cipher
               Suites for TLS", RFC 5932, June 2010.

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   [RFC6149]   Turner, S. and L. Chen, "MD2 to Historic Status",
               RFC 6149, March 2011.

   [RFC6150]   Turner, S. and L. Chen, "MD4 to Historic Status",
               RFC 6150, March 2011.

   [RFC6234]   Eastlake 3rd, D. and T. Hansen, "US Secure Hash
               Algorithms (SHA and SHA-based HMAC and HKDF)", RFC 6234,
               May 2011.

   [RFC6698]   Hoffman, P. and J. Schlyter, "The DNS-Based
               Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) Transport Layer
               Security (TLS) Protocol: TLSA", RFC 6698, August 2012.

   [MYADDON]   A working implementation of this Add-on on my website at
               https://ssl.mathemainzel.info/sslinfo/

9.  Discussions

   It would be good to have a standardized URL for this Add-on webpage;
   e.g.  https://www.example.com/sslinfo/

   Placing an Absolute URI as defined in [RFC3986] Section 4.3.
   outside the encrypted website part is RECOMMENDED.

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A.  Example certificates

A.1.  The DER-encoded CA certificate

   This section contains the full, DER-encoded certificate, in hex.

   30820267308201D0A003020102020100300D06092A864886F70D010105050030
   47310B3009060355040613022D2D3110300E060355040A1307536F6D654F7267
   31143012060355040B130B536F6D654F7267556E69743110300E060355040313
   07526F6F74204341301E170D3730303130313030303030305A170D3734313233
   313233353935395A3047310B3009060355040613022D2D3110300E060355040A
   1307536F6D654F726731143012060355040B130B536F6D654F7267556E697431
   10300E06035504031307526F6F7420434130819F300D06092A864886F70D0101
   01050003818D0030818902818100CE72969A54332263FBC26310BBEDA8EA0DC2
   E0532C899CB314A1451D3A5A7CBB2ADCAF463449B2D1C6A2BC772285DF17FB12
   067613CF3328459D7D7C4D847CF51C0F9562F296EFFB399C03CBE888FFBE4C11
   57E032D88C8E87BF90A507F3D5DDD06E2A5FF19B4D2B89DF732DA7CBEA034C90
   A4F1FEF58240943FD25793794E770203010001A3633061300F0603551D130101
   FF040530030101FF300E0603551D0F0101FF040403020106301D0603551D0E04
   16041473311472F1D56473C8DE0D0E39CCC2792B71EDDE301F0603551D230418
   3016801473311472F1D56473C8DE0D0E39CCC2792B71EDDE300D06092A864886
   F70D0101050500038181000C446885FF2B8451B00E668D530493474524E8EDE1
   3B1AC325E677D9BE92204BA13369AFC48445AF3E01359B6C054D1049028DBC7A
   E2F8A68BF5DCB89010C488B41896EB34C7B1DA195B2B7C26579CC2F7A705C4AE
   9C4F72D80E8E3DD7AEC7B3154927B7FF8410712C9330E3FA98A5949A283CD599
   FC8D9D97E330E05086844C

A.1.1.  The CA's public key

   This section contains the DER-encoded public RSA key of the CA who
   signed the example SSL certificate.  It is included with the purpose
   of simplifying verifications of the example certificate.

   30819F300D06092A864886F70D010101050003818D0030818902818100CE7296
   9A54332263FBC26310BBEDA8EA0DC2E0532C899CB314A1451D3A5A7CBB2ADCAF
   463449B2D1C6A2BC772285DF17FB12067613CF3328459D7D7C4D847CF51C0F95
   62F296EFFB399C03CBE888FFBE4C1157E032D88C8E87BF90A507F3D5DDD06E2A
   5FF19B4D2B89DF732DA7CBEA034C90A4F1FEF58240943FD25793794E77020301
   0001

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A.2.  The DER-encoded SSL certificate

   This section contains the full, DER-encoded certificate, in hex.

   30820289308201F2A003020102020101300D06092A864886F70D010105050030
   47310B3009060355040613022D2D3110300E060355040A1307536F6D654F7267
   31143012060355040B130B536F6D654F7267556E69743110300E060355040313
   07526F6F74204341301E170D3730303130313030303030305A170D3730313233
   313233353935395A3027310B3009060355040613022D2D311830160603550403
   130F7777772E6578616D706C652E636F6D30819F300D06092A864886F70D0101
   01050003818D00308189028181009D311D25BEDCC2765D1BF6BE9AB43C2ED41B
   A9AF9531544186940E28AA5C80B460FED2EE1ABD5BE2BD6E351EAF9F0DCE4388
   27B42E166FAE594C83F40B72175EE875342E3450FAF1407A12267E85041C94F9
   A6DBBDC6F593958D0204199AE457EAB87D7E85487123C73398156F2AF1B87C49
   0EF27B20F93A81C0165F6BCBEEE10203010001A381A43081A130090603551D13
   04023000300E0603551D0F0101FF0404030205A0301D0603551D0E0416041454
   64A24E922027FB19CFF91E7ECF846A0D50F2DC301F0603551D23041830168014
   73311472F1D56473C8DE0D0E39CCC2792B71EDDE301A0603551D110413301182
   0F7777772E6578616D706C652E636F6D30130603551D25040C300A06082B0601
   050507030130130603551D20040C300A3008060667810C010201300D06092A86
   4886F70D0101050500038181008A7F7627D29390ED474D591F2F4C94FCFCAEFA
   DB04CBFD0619678A6001B1BC19CFD29AE96D48949DA81D1BCFE8F5E764BA7F91
   C52BC50C28A472C2A6B2FEF4EB27BEE6B0C989AF1B7CF8E3A52F641B77C34E2A
   7FB9E4B555F3843C592E0EE9C46DD9EABACBC915EE6D92E3C542C93739A6DBFE
   637EB2B082566FBC46A3A60D46

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B.  Script Examples for the Add-on webpage

   Use the following script examples as a template for your
   implementation of this Add-on webpage.

   The first two examples generate identical content in plain
   ASCII-text,  the third example makes use of HTML and is a
   compiled C program.

   Script Examples:

   B.1.  PHP-script
   B.2.  CGI-script: A BASH shell script,  for most Linux systems
   B.3.  CGI-script: A compiled C program,  for any other system

B.1.  PHP-script

   <CODE BEGINS>
   <?php

   header( "Content-type: text/plain" );

   print "SSL informations: " . date( "r" ) . "\r\n";
   print "================\r\n\r\n";

   if ( isset( $_SERVER['HTTPS'] ) &&
        ( $_SERVER['HTTPS'] == "on" ) ) {
     $list = array( );
     $nmbrOfValues = 0;

     foreach ( $_SERVER as $key => $value ) {
       if ( substr( $key, 0, 4 ) == "SSL_" ) {
         $list[ $nmbrOfValues++ ] = $key . "=" . $value;
       }
     }

     sort( $list );   // sort content before printing ...

     for ( $iter = 0; $iter < $nmbrOfValues; $iter++ ) {
       print $list[ $iter ] . "\r\n";
     }
   }
   else {
     echo "No SSL information available.\r\n";
   }
   ?>
   <CODE ENDS>

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B.2.  CGI-script: A BASH shell script,  for most Linux systems

   <CODE BEGINS>
   #!/bin/bash

   echo -e -n "Content-type: text/plain\n\n"

   echo -e -n "SSL informations: $(date --rfc-2822)\n"
   echo -e -n "================\n\n"

   if [ "$HTTPS" == "on" ]; then
     env | grep --regexp="^SSL_" | sort
   else
     echo -e -n "No SSL information available.\n"
   fi
   <CODE ENDS>

B.3.  CGI-script: A compiled C program,  for any other system

   This CGI-script is a compiled C program,  and in comparison to the
   other 2 examples,  it makes use of HTML.

   For compiling this program any C compiler SHOULD be suitable.  Be
   sure your runtime supports the function strftime with standard format
   specifiers.

   <CODE BEGINS>
   #include <stdio.h>
   #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <string.h>
   #include <time.h>

   #ifdef __linux__
   #include <unistd.h>
   #endif

   const char* pszHtmlEndPart [ ] = { "<HR>",
     "<ADDRESS>https at www.example.com Port 443</ADDRESS>",
     "</BODY>",
     "</HTML>" };

   const char* pszHtmlBeginPart[ ] = {
     "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN\">",
     "<HTML>",
     "<HEAD>",
     "<TITLE>SSL informations</TITLE>",
     "</HEAD>",

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     "<BODY>",
     "<H3>SSL informations</H3>" };

   /* function prototype used for sorting */
   int compareFunc( const void* pvd1, const void* pvd2 );

   int main( int argc, char* argv[ ], char** envp )
   {                               /* char* envp[ ] */
     char* * ppszContent;
     char* * ppsz;
     char* psz;
     char szDateTime[ 80 ];
     int i, nCount;

     time_t tnow = time( NULL );
     struct tm* tmnow = localtime( &tnow );

     strftime( szDateTime, sizeof( szDateTime ) - 4,
       "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", tmnow );

     printf( "Content-type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1\r\n\r\n" );

     nCount = sizeof( pszHtmlBeginPart ) / sizeof( char* );
     for ( i = 0; i < nCount; i++ )
       printf( "%s\r\n", pszHtmlBeginPart[ i ] );

     printf( "<B>SSL informations</B>: %s\r\n", szDateTime );
     printf( "<P>\r\n" );

     if ( ( psz = getenv( "HTTPS" ) ) && ( strcmp( psz, "on" ) == 0 ) )
     {
       /* count relevant values ... */
       ppsz = envp;
       nCount = 0;
       while ( ppsz && *ppsz )
       { 
         if ( strncmp( *ppsz, "SSL_", 4 ) == 0 )
           nCount++;
         ppsz++;
       }

       /* allocate memory */
       ppszContent = (char* *) calloc( nCount, sizeof( char* ) );

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       if ( ppszContent )
       {
         /* extract relevant values from environment ... */
         i = 0;
         ppsz = envp;
         while ( ppsz && *ppsz )
         { 
           if ( strncmp( *ppsz, "SSL_", 4 ) == 0 )
             *( ppszContent + i++ ) = *ppsz;
           ppsz++;
         }

         /* sort content */
         qsort( (void*) ppszContent, nCount, sizeof( char* ),
           compareFunc );
       
         printf( "<CODE>\r\n" );

         /* output sorted content */
         for ( i = 0; i < nCount; i++ )
           printf( "%s<BR>\r\n", *( ppszContent + i ) );

         printf( "</CODE>\r\n" );
       
         /* free up memory */
         free( (void*) ppszContent );
       }
       else
         printf( "Internal error (unable to allocate memory).\r\n" );
     }
     else
       printf( "No SSL information available.\r\n" );

     nCount = sizeof( pszHtmlEndPart ) / sizeof( char* );
     for ( i = 0; i < nCount; i++ )
       printf( "%s\r\n", pszHtmlEndPart[ i ] );

     return 0;
   }

   /* comparison function for sorting */
   int compareFunc( const void* pvd1, const void* pvd2 )
   {
     return strcmp( *( (char* *) pvd1 ), *( (char* *) pvd2 ) );
   }
   <CODE ENDS>

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C.  Sample Content of the Add-on webpage

   The first example shows a complete sample content in sorted order.
   The second example shows the client certificate part,  in case client
   certificate authentication is used.  The other two examples show only
   the part that may differ when the browser picks another cipher suite.

   For meaning of the numbers in brackets of the examples see
   Section 2.2.1.

   C.1.  A complete sample content
   C.1a.  ...,  the client certificate part
   C.2.  Picking another cipher suite
   C.2a.  ...,  and one more

C.1.  A complete sample content

   SSL informations: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0000               (1)
   ================

   SSL_CIPHER=AES256-SHA                                           (2)
   SSL_CIPHER_ALGKEYSIZE=256                                       (4)
   SSL_CIPHER_EXPORT=false                                         (6)
   SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE=256                                       (3)
   SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY=NONE                                          (16)
   SSL_COMPRESS_METHOD=NULL                                        (17)
   SSL_PROTOCOL=TLSv1                                              (5)
   SSL_SECURE_RENEG=true                                           (7)
   SSL_SERVER_A_KEY=rsaEncryption                                  (8)
   SSL_SERVER_A_SIG=sha1WithRSAEncryption                          (9)
   SSL_SERVER_I_DN=/C=--/O=SomeOrg/OU=SomeOrgUnit/CN=Root CA       (10)
   SSL_SERVER_I_DN_C=--                                            (10)
   SSL_SERVER_I_DN_CN=Root CA                                      (10)
   SSL_SERVER_I_DN_O=SomeOrg                                       (10)
   SSL_SERVER_I_DN_OU=SomeOrgUnit                                  (10)
   SSL_SERVER_M_SERIAL=01                                          (12)
   SSL_SERVER_M_VERSION=3                                          (13)
   SSL_SERVER_S_DN=/C=--/CN=www.example.com                        (11)
   SSL_SERVER_S_DN_C=--                                            (11)
   SSL_SERVER_S_DN_CN=www.example.com                              (11)
   SSL_SERVER_V_END=Dec 31 23:59:59 1970 GMT                       (15)
   SSL_SERVER_V_START=Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 GMT                     (14)
   SSL_SESSION_ID=0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF (27)
   SSL_TLS_SNI=www.example.com                                     (28)   
   SSL_VERSION_INTERFACE=mod_ssl/2.2.15                            (29)
   SSL_VERSION_LIBRARY=OpenSSL/1.0.0-fips                          (30)

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C.1.1.  ...,  the client certificate part

   ...
   SSL_CLIENT_A_KEY=rsaEncryption                                  (18)
   SSL_CLIENT_A_SIG=sha1WithRSAEncryption                          (19)
   SSL_CLIENT_I_DN=/C=--/O=SomeOrg/OU=SomeOrgUnit/CN=Root CA       (20)
   SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_C=--                                            (20)
   SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_CN=Root CA                                      (20)
   SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_O=SomeOrg                                       (20)
   SSL_CLIENT_I_DN_OU=SomeOrgUnit                                  (20)
   SSL_CLIENT_M_SERIAL=02                                          (22)
   SSL_CLIENT_M_VERSION=3                                          (23)
   SSL_CLIENT_S_DN=/CN=Name/emailAddress=name@example.com          (21)
   SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_CN=Name                                         (21)
   SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_Email=name@example.com                          (21)
   SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY=SUCCESS                                       (16)
   SSL_CLIENT_V_END=Dec 31 23:59:59 1970 GMT                       (25)
   SSL_CLIENT_V_REMAIN=365                                         (26)
   SSL_CLIENT_V_START=Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 GMT                     (24)
   ...

C.2.  Picking another cipher suite
   
   ...
   SSL_CIPHER=RC4-MD5
   SSL_CIPHER_ALGKEYSIZE=128
   SSL_CIPHER_EXPORT=false
   SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE=128
   ...
   SSL_PROTOCOL=SSLv3
   SSL_SECURE_RENEG=false
   ...

C.2.1.  ...,  and one more
   
   ...
   SSL_CIPHER=AES128-SHA256
   SSL_CIPHER_ALGKEYSIZE=128
   SSL_CIPHER_EXPORT=false
   SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE=128
   ...
   SSL_PROTOCOL=TLSv1.2
   SSL_SECURE_RENEG=true
   ...

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Author's Address

   Walter Hoehlhubmer
   Lederergasse 47a
   A-4020 Linz
   Austria, EUROPE

   EMail: walter.h@mathemainzel.info

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