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DDoS Mitigation Offload: A DOTS Applicability Use Case
draft-hayashi-dots-dms-offload-usecase-00

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft whose latest revision state is "Replaced".
Authors Yuhei Hayashi , Kaname Nishizuka , Mohamed Boucadair
Last updated 2019-03-10 (Latest revision 2019-03-08)
Replaces draft-h-dots-mitigation-offload-expansion
Replaced by draft-hayashi-dots-dms-offload
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draft-hayashi-dots-dms-offload-usecase-00
DOTS                                                     Y. Hayashi, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                                       NTT
Intended status: Informational                         K. Nishizuka, Ed.
Expires: September 9, 2019                            NTT Communications
                                                       M. Boucadair, Ed.
                                                                  Orange
                                                           March 8, 2019

         DDoS Mitigation Offload: A DOTS Applicability Use Case
               draft-hayashi-dots-dms-offload-usecase-00

Abstract

   This document describes the applicability of DOTS to a DDoS
   mitigation offload use case.  This use case assumes that a DMS (DDoS
   Mitigation System) whose utilization rate is high sends its blocked
   traffic information to an orchestrator using DOTS protocols, then the
   orchestrator requests forwarding nodes such as routers to filter the
   traffic.  Doing so enables service providers to mitigate DDoS attack
   traffic automatically while ensuring interoperability and distributed
   filter enforcement.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 9, 2019.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of

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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  The Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  DOTS Applicability to DDoS Mitigation Offload Use Case  . . .   3
     4.1.  Component and Sequence Diagram  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     4.2.  Case: DOTS Request via Out-of-band Link . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.3.  Case: Mitigation Request via In-band Link . . . . . . . .   6
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   7.  Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8

1.  Introduction

   Volume-based distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks such as DNS
   amplification attacks are critical threats to be handled by service
   providers.  When such attacks occur, service providers have to
   mitigate them immediately to protect or recover their services.

   Therefore, for the service providers to immediately protect their
   network services from DDoS attacks, DDoS mitigation needs to be
   automated.  To automate DDoS attack mitigation, it is desirable that
   multi-vendor elements involved in DDoS attack detection and
   mitigation collaborate and support standard interfaces to
   communicate.

   DDoS Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) is a set of protocols for real-time
   signaling, threat-handling requests, and data between the multi-
   vendor elements [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel]
   [I-D.ietf-dots-data-channel].  This document describes an automated
   DDoS Mitigation offload use case inherited from the DDoS
   orchestration use case [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases], which ambitions to
   enable cost-effective DDoS Mitigation.

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2.  Terminology

   The readers should be familiar with the terms defined in
   [I-D.ietf-dots-requirements] [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases]

   In addition, this document uses the terms defined below:

   Mitigation offload:  Getting rid of a DMS's mitigation action and
      assigning the action to another entity when the utilization rate
      of the DMS reaches a given threshold.  How such threshold is set
      is deployment-specific.

   Utilization rate:  A scale to measure load of an entity such as link
      utilization rate or CPU utilization rate.

3.  The Problem

   In general, DDoS countermeasures are divided into detection and
   filtering, and detection is technically difficult.  DDoS Mitigation
   System (DMS) can detect attack traffic based on the technology of
   their vendors, so service providers can increase DDoS countermeasure
   level by deploying the DMS in their network.

   However, the number/capacity of DMS instances that can be deployed in
   a service providers network is limited due to equipment cost and
   dimensioning matters.  Thus, DMS's utilization rate can reach its
   maximum capacity faster when the volume of DDoS attacks is enormous.
   When the rate reaches maximum capacity, the mitigation strategy needs
   to offload mitigation actions from the DMS to cost-effective
   forwarding nodes such as routers.

4.  DOTS Applicability to DDoS Mitigation Offload Use Case

   This section does not consider deployments where the network
   orchestrator and DMS are co-located.

4.1.  Component and Sequence Diagram

   Figures 1 and 2 show a component diagram and a sequence diagram of
   the use case, respectively.

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   +--------------+        +-----------+
   |              |        | DDoS      |+
   | Orchestrator |<-------| mitigation||
   |              |S DOTS C| systems   ||
   +--------------+        +-----------+|
          |                  +----------+
          | e.g., BGP, BGP Flowspec
          |
          |  +------------------+
          +->| Forwarding nodes |+
             +------------------+|
               +-----------------+
       * C is for DOTS Client function
       * S is for DOTS Server function

      Figure 1: Component Diagram of DDoS Mitigation Offload Use Case

   The component diagram shown in Figure 1 differs from that of DDoS
   Orchestration usecase in [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases] in some respects.
   First, the DMS embeds a DOTS client to send DOTS requests to the
   orchestrator.  Second, the orchestrator sends a request to underlying
   forwarding nodes to filter the attack traffic.

   +------------+          +----------+   +------------+
   |            |          |DDoS      |+  | Forwarding |+
   |Orchestrator|          |Mitigation||  | Nodes      ||
   |            |          |Systems   ||  |            ||
   +------------+          +----------+|  +------------+|
        |                   +----------+   +------------+
        |                         |              |
        | DOTS Request            |              |
        |S<----------------------C|              |
        |                         |              |
        | e.g., BGP, BGP Flowspec |              |
        | Filter Attack Traffic   |              |
        |-------------------------|------------->|
        |                         |              |
        * C is for DOTS Client function
        * S is for DOTS Server function

      Figure 2: Sequence Diagram of DDoS Mitigation Offload Use Case

   In this use case, it is assumed that volume based attack already hits
   a network and attack traffic is detected and blocked by a DMS in the
   network.  When the volume-based attack becomes intense, DMS's

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   utilization rate can reach a certain threshold (e.g., maximum
   capacity).  Then, the DMS sends a DOTS request as offload request to
   the orchestrator with the actions to enforce on the traffic.  After
   that, the orchestrator requests the forwarding nodes to filter attack
   traffic by dissemination of flow specification rules protocols such
   as BGP Flowspec [RFC5575] on the basis of the blocked traffic
   information.

   This use case is divided into two cases as discussed below.  One is
   that the DMS sends DOTS requests to the orchestrator via out-of-band
   link, and the other one is that the DMS sends it via in-band link.

4.2.  Case: DOTS Request via Out-of-band Link

   In this case, the DMS sends a DOTS request to the orchestrator with
   information of blocked traffic information by the DMS via out-of-band
   link.  The link is not congested when it is under volume attack-time,
   so DOTS data channel [I-D.ietf-dots-data-channel] is suitable because
   DOTS data channel has capability of conveying the drop-listed
   filtering rules (and other actions such as 'rate-limit').  The
   applicability of DOTS in such case is as follows:

   o  The DMS generates a list of flow tuples (e.g., 5-tuples) which the
      DMS is blocking/rate-limiting and wants to offload.

   o  The DMS creates ACEs for each elements of the list, setting
      "matches" as the flow tuple and "forwarding" in "actions" as
      "drop" (or other actions).

   o  The DMS aggregates the ACEs under an ACL set, and the DMS sends
      the ACL to the orchestrator setting "activation-type" as
      "immediate".

   Figure 3 shows a JSON example of ACL conveyed by DOTS data channel.

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   {
     "ietf-dots-data-channel:acls": {
       "acl": [
         {
           "name": "DMS_Offload_Usecase_ACL",
           "type": "ipv4-acl-type",
           "activation-type": "immediate",
           "aces": {
             "ace": [
               {
                 "name": "DMS_Offload_Usecase_ACE_00",
                 "matches": {
                   "ipv4": {
                     "destination-ipv4-network": "192.0.2.2/32",
                     "source-ipv4-network": "203.0.113.2/32",
                     "protocol":17
                   },
                   "udp": {
                     "source-port": {
                       "operator": "eq",
                       "port": 53
                     }
                   }
                 },
                 "actions": {
                   "forwarding": "drop"
                 }
               }
             ]
           }
         }
       ]
     }
   }

        Figure 3: JSON Example of ACL conveyed by DOTS data channel

4.3.  Case: Mitigation Request via In-band Link

   In this case, the DMS sends a mitigation request to the orchestrator
   with information of blocked traffic by the DMS via in-band channel.
   The link can be congested when it is under volume attack-time, so
   DOTS data channel can't be used to convey the drop-listed filtering
   rules as blocked traffic information [Interop].

   The DOTS signal channel and [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel] and the
   source-* clauses defined in [I-D.reddy-dots-home-network] are used to
   communicate the policies to the orchestrator.

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   <<<An example will be included>>>>

5.  Security Considerations

   Security considerations discussed in [I-D.ietf-dots-data-channel] and
   [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel] are to be taken into account.

6.  IANA Considerations

   This document does not require any action from IANA.

7.  Acknowledgement

   Thanks to Tirumaleswar Reddy, Shunsuke Homma for the comments.
   Thanks to Koichi Sakurada for demonstrating proof of concepts of this
   use case.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-dots-data-channel]
              Boucadair, M. and R. K, "Distributed Denial-of-Service
              Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Data Channel Specification",
              draft-ietf-dots-data-channel-27 (work in progress),
              February 2019.

   [I-D.ietf-dots-requirements]
              Mortensen, A., K, R., and R. Moskowitz, "Distributed
              Denial of Service (DDoS) Open Threat Signaling
              Requirements", draft-ietf-dots-requirements-20 (work in
              progress), February 2019.

   [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel]
              K, R., Boucadair, M., Patil, P., Mortensen, A., and N.
              Teague, "Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
              Signaling (DOTS) Signal Channel Specification", draft-
              ietf-dots-signal-channel-30 (work in progress), March
              2019.

   [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases]
              Dobbins, R., Migault, D., Fouant, S., Moskowitz, R.,
              Teague, N., Xia, L., and K. Nishizuka, "Use cases for DDoS
              Open Threat Signaling", draft-ietf-dots-use-cases-17 (work
              in progress), January 2019.

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8.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.nishizuka-dots-signal-control-filtering]
              Nishizuka, K., Boucadair, M., K, R., and T. Nagata,
              "Controlling Filtering Rules Using DOTS Signal Channel",
              draft-nishizuka-dots-signal-control-filtering-04 (work in
              progress), February 2019.

   [I-D.reddy-dots-home-network]
              K, R., Harsha, J., Boucadair, M., and J. Shallow, "Denial-
              of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Signal Channel
              Call Home", draft-reddy-dots-home-network-03 (work in
              progress), December 2018.

   [Interop]  Nishizuka, K., Shallow, J., and L. Xia , "DOTS Interop
              test report, IETF 103 Hackathon", November 2018,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/103/materials/
              slides-103-dots-interop-report-from-ietf-103-hackathon-
              00>.

   [RFC4271]  Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares, Ed., "A
              Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4271, January 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4271>.

   [RFC5575]  Marques, P., Sheth, N., Raszuk, R., Greene, B., Mauch, J.,
              and D. McPherson, "Dissemination of Flow Specification
              Rules", RFC 5575, DOI 10.17487/RFC5575, August 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5575>.

   [RFC7049]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", RFC 7049, DOI 10.17487/RFC7049,
              October 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7049>.

Authors' Addresses

   Yuhei Hayashi (editor)
   NTT
   3-9-11, Midori-cho
   Musashino-shi, Tokyo  180-8585
   Japan

   Email: yuuhei.hayashi@gmail.com, yuuhei.hayashi.mr@hco.ntt.co.jp

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   Kaname Nishizuka (editor)
   NTT Communications
   GranPark 16F 3-4-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku
   Tokyo  108-8118
   Japan

   Email: kaname@nttv6.jp

   Mohamed Boucadair (editor)
   Orange
   Rennes  35000
   France

   Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com

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