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SRv6 Network Programming extension: the Variable Length SID flavor
draft-decraene-spring-srv6-vlsid-00

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Author Bruno Decraene
Last updated 2020-01-20
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draft-decraene-spring-srv6-vlsid-00
Network Working Group                                        B. Decraene
Internet-Draft                                                    Orange
Intended status: Standards Track                        January 20, 2020
Expires: July 23, 2020

   SRv6 Network Programming extension: the Variable Length SID flavor
                  draft-decraene-spring-srv6-vlsid-00

Abstract

   This document proposes an extension to Segment Routing IPv6 (SRv6)
   Network Programming to allow for SRv6 Segment Identifier (SID) of
   variable length.  The use of smaller SRv6 SID reduces the size the
   SRv6 Header (SRH).  This reduces the overhead for both the traffic
   volume and the network processor.  This document is aligned with the
   SR architecture and does not change the SRH.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
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   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on July 23, 2020.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of

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   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  SRv6 Variable Length SID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  VLSID encoding in the SRH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  SRv6 VLSID behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  Benefits  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     5.1.  Local VLSIDs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     5.2.  Global VLSIDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   6.  Signaling VLSID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   7.  Optional extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     7.1.  VLSID Size TLV  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     7.2.  Combining VLSIDs on an SR Endpoint  . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   8.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   10. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   11. Changes / Author Notes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13

1.  Introduction

   The Segment Routing (SR) architecture is defined RFC 8402 [RFC8402].

   IPv6 Segment Routing Header (SRH) is defined
   [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header].

   SRv6 Network Programming is defined
   [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming].

   The reader is expected to be familiar with the three above documents
   which define Segment Routing over the IPv6 data-plane (SRv6).

   SRv6 is flexible and powerful, but in some (uses) cases the size of
   the SID may be seen as too large.  This document proposes an
   extension of SRv6 Network Programming to allow for SID of variable
   length.  This allows for the use of smaller SID if needed for a
   specific deployment.

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   This document is aligned and does not change the SR architecture nor
   the SRH.

1.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 RFC 2119 [RFC2119] RFC 8174 [RFC8174] when, and only when, they
   appear in all capitals, as shown here.

2.  Overview

   In a nutshell, SRv6 Variable Length SID (SRv6 VLSID) proposes to:

   o  define one SRv6 SID block dedicated to SRv6 VLSID and called SRv6
      VLSID block;

   o  define the VLSID as the SRv6 SID minus the VLSID block: SRv6 SID:=
      SRv6 VLSID block + SRv6 VLSID;

   o  encode in the Segment List of the SRH only the list of VLSIDs.

   In other words, SRv6 VLSID proposes to compress the SIDs in the SRH
   by not encoding the common SRv6 SID prefix (SRv6 VLSID block) in the
   SRH Segment List.  The SRv6 VLSID block is only encoded once, in the
   IPv6 destination address.

   The format of the SRH is unchanged.  The length of the VLSID is
   variable but its size does not need to be encoded in the SRH header.
   Indeed the VLSID size only needs to be known by the SR Segment
   Endpoint Node processing it.  As per section 4.3 of
   [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header], the SR node identifies its
   local SID by performing a longest-prefix-match lookup on the packets
   IPv6 destination address.  This identifies the SID and its
   properties, in particular the size of the VLSID.

3.  SRv6 Variable Length SID

   As per section 3.1 of [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming], an
   SRv6 SID can be represented as 'B:N:FUNCT'.  Where 'B' is the SRv6
   SID block, N is the identifier of the parent node N, FUNCT is the
   function of the SID of size 128-S.

   An SRv6 VLSID deployment choose one size 'L' of VLSID and an
   associated SRv6 VLSID block.

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     0 (bits)                                                      128

     SRv6 SID:
     +--------------------------------------------------------------+
     |   B: SRv6 SID block              | N: Node | FUNCT: Function |
     +--------------------------------------------------------------+

     SRv6 VLSID SID:
     +--------------------------------------------------------------+
     | SRv6 VLSID block  (aka Common Prefix)   |      VLSID         |
     +--------------------------------------------------------------+

            Figure 1: SRv6 SID:= SRv6 VLSID block + SRv6 VLSID

   An SRv6 VLSID deployment can use multiple SRv6 VLSID blocks.  Each
   block may have its own VLSID size.

   If SRv6 VLSIDs are to identify global segments, the VLSID would
   typically include both the Node part 'N' of the locator and the local
   function 'FUNCT' locally instantiated on the node N.  Hence the
   format of the VLSID would be "N:FUNCT".

   If SRv6 VLSIDs are to only identify local segments, the VLSID could
   be chosen to only include the local function 'FUNCT' locally
   instantiated on the node N.  Hence the format of the VLSID would be
   "FUNCT".  This may be interesting for a deployment using both
   128-bits SRv6 SIDs and very short SRv6 VLSIDs.  Such SRv6 VLSIDs
   could be used when a strictly routed path is needed and encoded as a
   list of adjacency SIDs.  Given that the number of local adjacency
   SIDs is independent of the size of the SR domain, and typically below
   255, one could use 8-bits VLSID which would allow encoding 16 VLSIDs
   within a single 128-bits SRv6 SID hence provides a very effective SRH
   compression.

   Note: in the initial version of this document, the length of the
   VLSID is assumed to be a multiple of 8-bits, up to 128 bits included,
   in order to provide octet alignement in the SRH Segment List.  In a
   future version of this document, the granularity may changed (e.g. 1
   bit, 4 bits, 16 bits, or an integer fraction of a 128-bits SRv6 SID)
   depending on hardware capabilities and flexibility requirements.
   Also, implementations profiles could be defined in order for an
   implementation to support only one type/subset of granularity.

3.1.  VLSID encoding in the SRH

   As per section 2 of [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header], the
   Segment Routing Header (SRH) is defined as follows:

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     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    | Next Header   |  Hdr Ext Len  | Routing Type  | Segments Left |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |  Last Entry   |     Flags     |              Tag              |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                                                               |
    |            Segment List[0] (128 bits IPv6 address)            |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
                                  ...
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                                                               |
    |            Segment List[n] (128 bits IPv6 address)            |
    |                                                               |
    |                                                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    //                                                             //
    //         Optional Type Length Value objects (variable)       //
    //                                                             //
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                   Figure 2: SRH with 128-bits SRv6 SID

   When VLSID are used, there are encoded in the Segment Routing Header
   (SRH) as follows:

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     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    | Next Header   |  Hdr Ext Len  | Routing Type  | Segments Left |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |  Last Entry   |     Flags     |              Tag              |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    | Segment List[0] (L bits VLSID)| Segment List[1] (L bits VLSID)|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           .....                            .....              |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    | Segment List[n] (L bits VLSID)|        Padding bits           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    //                                                             //
    //         Optional Type Length Value objects (variable)       //
    //                                                             //
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

               Figure 3: SRH with SRv6 VLSID (16-bits VLSID)

   The fields 'Segments Left' and 'Last Entry" keeps their meaning but
   refers to VLSID of size L.

   In a SRH, all VLSID MUST have the same size 'L'.

   In the Segment List, VLSID are encoded back to back using their
   native size.  There is no padding between SIDs.  There is no
   alignement of the SID except that each SID begins and ends on an
   octet boundary.

   The Segment List MUST be encoded as a multiple of 128-bits.  If the
   size of the VLSID multiplied by the number of segments in the SRH
   Segment List is not a multiple of 128-bits, padding bits MUST be
   added up to the next multiple of 128-bits.  Those padding bits MUST
   be set to 0 when sent and ignored on receipt.

3.2.  SRv6 VLSID behavior

   The VLSID behavior is a flavour of the endpoint behavior.

   The behavior takes as an argument the size L of the VLSID.  This size
   L is a property of the VLSID and is given by the lookup on the IPv6
   destination address which identifies the SRv6 SID and its properties.
   As part of the properties, the SR endpoint learn that the SID is a
   VLSID of size L.

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   When N receives a packet whose IPv6 DA is S and S is a local VLSID of
   size L, the line S16 form the End processing which was, as per
   section 4.1 of [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming]:

   S14.  Update IPv6 DA with Segment List[Segments Left].

   is replaced by the following:

   S14.  Copy Segment List[Segments Left] from the SRH to the L lowest
   order bits of the destination address of the IPv6 header.  Taking
   into consideration that the Segment List is a list of VLSIDs of size
   L bits.

   Note: lines S08 and S09 (checking for error in the SRH header) are
   also to be updated.  This is deferred to a future version of the
   document.

4.  Benefits

   SRv6 Variable Length SID is believed to have the following benefits:

   o  Aligned with SRv6: SR architecture, SRv6 Network Programming.

   o  Reduced SID hence reduced header length.

   o  Flexible SID length, to accommodate for various deployment models,
      network sizes, SRv6 usages.  A typical VLSID length could be 32
      bits.  Compared to SR-MPLS (which has a 20 bits SID) it is larger
      and more scalable.  Compared to SRv6 (which has a 128 bits SID)
      it's four times more compact.  Other SID length are possible: 16
      bits would be 8 times more compact than SRv6 SID and 2 times more
      compact the SR-MPLS shim header and large enough for most
      deployments; 8 bits would be 16 (respectively 4) more compact than
      SRv6 SID (respectively SR-MPLS shim header) and could fit some
      specific deployments (e.g. local adjacency SID only).

   o  Unchanged SRv6 header (SRH).

   o  No requirement for additional IPv6 addressing space: a /64 per
      router is more than enough.  A /96 per router is the typical
      requirement.

5.  Illustrations

   This section illustrates the usage of SRv6 VLSIDs through two
   examples.

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5.1.  Local VLSIDs

   In this example VLSIDs are used only for local SIDs, such as
   adjacency SIDS.  VLSIDs are used in complement with 128-bits SRv6
   SIDs.

   The SR domain has the following caracteristics:

   o  10 000 SR endpoints nodes;

   o  network diameter is 30;

   o  SRv6 SIDs:

      *  each SRv6 node is allocated a /64 to allocate its 128-bits SID
         from;

      *  SRv6 block: 2001:DB8::/48 (i.e., 65535 /64, allowing for growth
         or multiple SR routing algorithms);

      *  node N is allocated 2001:DB8:0:N/64;

   o  SRv6 VLSIDs

      *  local VLSIDs are chosen to be 8-bits in size.  They are used
         for adjacency SIDs hence allow for 255 Adjacency SIDs per node;

      *  SRv6 VLSID block is allocated 2001:DB8:0:FFFF::/120;

   Some metric of this SR domain:

   o  An SR policy encoding a strictly routed path using only adjacency
      SIDs would need 30 8-bits VLSIDs resulting in a total of 32 octets
      in the SRH.  In contrast the use of 128-bits SRv6 SIDs would
      require 480 octets and the use of 20-bits SR-MPLS SID would
      require 120 octets;

   o  The IGP advertises 10 000 SRv6 locators to be installed in the
      IPv6 FIB of all IGP nodes (as per regular SRv6 and SR-MPLS);

   o  The IPv6 address space is one /64 per SR node for a total of one
      /48 for the whole SR domain.

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5.2.  Global VLSIDs

   In this example VLSIDs are used for global SIDs and are used alone
   without 128-bits SRv6 SIDs.

   The SR domain has the following caracteristics:

   o  1 000 SR endpoints nodes;

   o  network diameter is 10;

   o  VLSID are chosen to be 32-bits long;

   o  each SRv6 node is allocated a /108 to allocate its VLSID from.
      This allows for 4 096 (2^^12) locators 1 million (2^^20) local
      functions on each SR node;

   o  the SR domain and the SRv6 VLSID block is allocated:
      2001:DB8::/96;

   o  node N is allocated 2001:DB8:0:0:0:0:N/108;

   Some metric of this SR domain:

   o  An SR policy encoding a strictly routed path using only Adjacency
      SIDs would need 10 32-bits VLSIDs resulting in a total of 40
      octets in the SRH.  In contrast the use of 128-bits SRv6 SIDs
      would require 160 octets;

   o  An SR policy using strictly routed path using 4 (node) SIDs would
      need 4 32-bits VLSIDs resulting in a total of 16 octets in the
      SRH.  In contrast the use of 128-bits SRv6 SIDs would require 64
      octets and the use of 20-bits SR-MPLS SID would require 16 octets;

   o  The IGP advertises 1 000 SRv6 locators to be installed in the IPv6
      FIB of all IGP nodes (as per regular SRv6 and SR-MPLS);

   o  The IPv6 address space is one /108 per SR node for a total of one
      /96 for the whole SR domain.

6.  Signaling VLSID

   Control plane extensions are required to signal the size of the
   VLSID.  This will be defined in a later version of this document.
   Note for IGP the size of the VLSID could be advertised along the SID,
   or the Locator, or as a property of the SR node.

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7.  Optional extensions

   This section defines optional extension which may be supported by a
   node.

7.1.  VLSID Size TLV

   Forwarding of an SRH containing VLSID does not require an SRH field
   indicating the size of the VLSID.  However in some cases, e.g.,
   packet parser like applications, it may be beneficial to know the
   size of VLSID in order to correctly report the list of SIDs.

   This section defines an SR TLV called 'VLSID Size' with the following
   format:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      |    Length     |    RESERVED   |   VLSID Size  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Where:

   o  Type: TBD1 (with the highest-order bit set to 1 as the TLV data
      does not change en route).

   o  Length: 2.

   o  RESERVED: reserved for extensions.  MUST be 0 on transmission and
      ignored on receition.

   o  VLSID Size: size of the VLSID in bits.

   VLSID Size MUST be between 8 and 128 included, and a multiple of 8.
   In case of invalid number, the whole VLSID Size TLV MUST be ignored.

   Alignment requirement: none.

7.2.  Combining VLSIDs on an SR Endpoint

   One SR Endpoint node may need more functions (SIDs) than allowed by
   the size the FUNC field in the VLSID.  This may especially be the
   case when at the same time:

   o  the VLSID is choosen to be small in order to optimize for the size
      of the SRH header.  Indeed, for topological/routing instructions,

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      the number of SIDs may be high in some use cases, up to the
      network diameter.

   o  one VLSID (e.g. the last one) is a service instruction and the
      number of service SID may be high, requiring a SID longer than a
      VLSID.

   When an SR Endpoint node needs more functions (SIDs) than allowed by
   the size the FUNC field in the VLSID, it MAY combine two (resp.  N)
   VLSID of size L to effectively benefit from a SID of size 2*L (resp.
   N*L).  This is a local choice of this SR Endpoint.  Nothing specific
   is required in the SRH which only contains those 2 (resp.  N) SIDs.

   When two VLSIDs are combined into one, the first VLSID may be seen as
   having the role of a "Context SID" identifying a context specific SID
   space/table, while the second SID is looked up in this context
   specific table.  This is similar to the Context-Specific Label space
   defined in the section 3 of RFC 5331 [RFC5331].

   If the size of the VLSID is an integer fraction (N) of a 128-bit SRv6
   SID, multiple (N) VLSIDs may be combined to encode a 128-bit SID.
   This may be useful to encode an SRv6 service SID, for example to
   provide a VPN service.  (Even though the VPN SID may also choosen to
   be encoded as a VLSID is the size of the VLSID is large enough).

8.  IANA Considerations

   TBD.

9.  Security Considerations

   This document does not change the security considerations of SRv6.
   Please refers to RFC 8402 [RFC8402],
   [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header] and
   [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming] for existing security
   consideration.

10.  Acknowledgements

   This document has been inspired by the work of the SPRING WG and in
   particular the work done in
   [I-D.filsfils-spring-net-pgm-extension-srv6-usid] and
   [I-D.li-spring-compressed-srv6-np].  The author would like to
   acknowledge the authors of these two documents.

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11.  Changes / Author Notes

   [RFC Editor: Please remove this section before publication]

   00: Initial version.

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-6man-segment-routing-header]
              Filsfils, C., Dukes, D., Previdi, S., Leddy, J.,
              Matsushima, S., and D. Voyer, "IPv6 Segment Routing Header
              (SRH)", draft-ietf-6man-segment-routing-header-26 (work in
              progress), October 2019.

   [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming]
              Filsfils, C., Camarillo, P., Leddy, J., Voyer, D.,
              Matsushima, S., and Z. Li, "SRv6 Network Programming",
              draft-ietf-spring-srv6-network-programming-08 (work in
              progress), January 2020.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8402]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L.,
              Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
              Routing Architecture", RFC 8402, DOI 10.17487/RFC8402,
              July 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402>.

12.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.filsfils-spring-net-pgm-extension-srv6-usid]
              Filsfils, C., Camarillo, P., Cai, D., Jiang, Z., Voyer,
              D., Shawky, A., Leymann, N., Steinberg, D., Zandi, S.,
              Dawra, G., Meilik, I., Uttaro, J., Jalil, L., So, N.,
              Fiumano, M., and M. Khaddam, "Network Programming
              extension: SRv6 uSID instruction", draft-filsfils-spring-
              net-pgm-extension-srv6-usid-02 (work in progress), August
              2019.

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   [I-D.li-spring-compressed-srv6-np]
              Li, Z., Li, C., Peng, S., Wang, Z., and B. Liu,
              "Compressed SRv6 Network Programming", draft-li-spring-
              compressed-srv6-np-00 (work in progress), July 2019.

   [RFC5331]  Aggarwal, R., Rekhter, Y., and E. Rosen, "MPLS Upstream
              Label Assignment and Context-Specific Label Space",
              RFC 5331, DOI 10.17487/RFC5331, August 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5331>.

Author's Address

   Bruno Decraene
   Orange

   Email: bruno.decraene@orange.com

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