A Uniform Resource Name Namespace for the Device Identity and the Mobile Equipment Identity (MEID)
draft-atarius-dispatch-meid-urn-05

Network Working Group                                         R. Atarius
Internet-Draft                               Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Intended status: Experimental                              June 16, 2014
Expires: December 18, 2014

A Uniform Resource Name Namespace for the Device Identity and the Mobile
                       Equipment Identity (MEID)
                   draft-atarius-dispatch-meid-urn-05

Abstract

   This document allows a Mobile Equipment Identity (MEID) to be used as
   a Uniform Resource Name (URN) by registering a URN namespace for
   MEIDs.  The structure of an MEID is 15 hexadecimal encoded digits
   long and is defined in 3GPP2 to uniquely identify each individual
   mobile equipment (e.g., a handset or mobile phone).  The Third
   Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) has a requirement to be able
   to use an MEID as a URN.  This document fulfills that requirement.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
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Copyright Notice

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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Namespace Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.1.  MEID Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     4.2.  MEID Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       4.2.1.  Manufacturer Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       4.2.2.  Serial Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       4.2.3.  Check Digit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       4.2.4.  Hexadecimal Encoding  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  Community considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   6.  Namespace considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  IANA considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   8.  Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   9.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   10. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     10.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     10.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10

1.  Introduction

   This document specifies a URN namespace for 3GPP2 and a Namespace
   Specific String (NSS) for the MEID as per the namespace registration
   requirement in [RFC3406].  The Namespace Identifier (NID) '3gpp2' is
   for identities used in 3GPP2 networks.  The MEID is managed by the
   3GPP2, so this NID is managed by the 3GPP2.  Whilst this
   specification currently specifies only the MEID NSS under the '3gpp2'
   NID, additional NSS under the '3gpp2' NID may be specified in the
   future by the 3GPP2 using the procedure for URN NSS changes and
   additions (currently through the publication of future Informational
   RFCs approved by IETF conensus).

   The MEID is 15 hexadecimal digits long and includes a manufacturer
   code of 8 hexadecimal digits and the serial number of 6 hexadecimal
   digits plus a hexadecimal digit as a check digit.

   The manufacturer code identifies the mobile equipment manufacturer.
   A manufacturer can be assigned more that one manufacturer code.  The
   serial number uniquely identifies each mobile equipment within the
   manufacturer code.  The check digit is used as assurance of integrity
   in error-prone operations, e.g. when used with certain types of

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   readers during inventory management operations.  The check digit is
   not transmitted.

   The information here is meant to be a concise guide for those wishing
   to use the MEID as a URN.  Nothing in this document should be
   construed to override [S.R0048-A] that defines the MEID.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3.  Namespace Registration Template

   Namespace ID: '3gpp2' requested

   Registration Information:

   Registration version number: 1

   Registration date: 2014-05-31

   Declared registrant of the namespace:

   Registration organization:

   Name: 3GPP2

   Address: 2500 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 300,

            Arlington, Virginia 22201 (USA)

   Declaration of syntactic structure:

   The identifier is expressed in American Standard Code for Information
   Interchange (ASCII) characters and has a hierarchical expression
   using the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) defined in [RFC5234], as
   follows:

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       3gpp2-urn           = "urn:" 3gpp2-NID ":" 3gpp2-NSS
       3gpp2-NID           = "3gpp2"
       3gpp2-NSS           = meid-specifier / future-3gpp2-specifier
       meid-specifier      = "meid:" ( meidval / ext-meid)
       ext-meid            = 3gpp2-defined-nonempty ;3GPP2 defined and
                                                    ;IETF consensus
                                                    ;required
       future-3gpp2-specifier  = future-specifier
                                 *( ";" future-param )
       future-specifier    = 3gpp2-defined-nonempty ;3GPP2 defined and
                                                    ;IETF consensus
                                                    ;required
       future-param        = par-name [ EQUAL par-value ]
       par-name            = 3gpp2-defined-nonempty
       par-value           = 3gpp2-defined-nonempty
       EQUAL               = "="
       3gpp2-defined-nonempty  = 1*3gpp2-urn-char
       3gpp2-urn-char      = Alpha / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "%" / ":"

   An NSS for the MEID is defined under the '3gpp2' NID.

   An MEID is an identifier under the '3gpp2' NID that uniquely
   identifies mobile equipment used in 3GPP2 defined networks.

   The representation of the MEID is a specific number of hexadecimal
   digits, as described in [S.R0048-A].

   The formal definition of a URN with 'meid' NSS contains one meidval
   with the formal definition according to the following ABNF [RFC5234]:

   meidval           =  Manufacturer Code "-" Serial Number
   Manufacturer Code = 8HEX
   Serial Number     = 6HEX

   <future-3gpp2-specifier> and <3gpp2-defined-nonempty> can comprise
   any ASCII characters compliant with URN syntax in [RFC5234].

   The 3GPP2 will take responsibility for the '3gpp2' namespace,
   including the 'meid' NSS.

   Additional NSS may be added for future identifiers needed by the
   3GPP2, at their discretion.  Only URNs with the 'meid' NSS are
   considered to be "3GPP2 MEID URNs", and use in IETF protocols of
   other NSS that might be defined in the future will require IETF
   consensus.

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   Relevant ancillary documentation:

   See 3G Mobile Equipment Identifier [S.R0048-A].

   Identifier uniqueness considerations:

   Identifiers in the '3gpp2' NID are defined and assigned by the 3GPP2
   or an agency appointed by 3GPP2 after ensuring that the URNs to be
   assigned are unique.  Uniqueness is achieved by checking against the
   IANA registry of previously assigned names.

   Procedures are in place to ensure that each MEID is uniquely assigned
   by the mobile equipment manufacturer so that it is guaranteed to
   uniquely identify that particular mobile equipment.

   Identifier persistence considerations:

   The 3GPP2 is committed to maintaining uniqueness and persistence of
   all resources identified by assigned URNs.

   As the NID sought is '3gpp2', and 3GPP2 is the long standing acronym
   for the standards organization which includes the mobile phone
   operators, the URN should also persist indefinitely (at least as long
   as there is a need for its use).  The assignment process guarantees
   that names are not reassigned.  The binding between the name and its
   resource is permanent.

   The Manufacturer Code and Serial Number portions of the MEID are
   permanently stored in the mobile equipment so they remain persistent
   as long as the mobile equipment exists.  The process for Manufacturer
   Code and Serial Number assignment is documented in [SC.R4002-0] and
   the Manufacturer Code and Serial Number values once assigned are not
   re-assigned to other mobile equipments.

   Process of identifier assignment:

   The 3GPP2 or its approved agency will manage the <NSS> (including
   '3gpp2'), and <future-3gpp2-specifier> identifier resources to
   maintain uniqueness.  The process for MEID assignment is documented
   in [SC.R4002-0].

   Process for identifier resolution:

   Since the '3gpp2' NSS is not currently globally resolvable, this is
   not applicable.

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   Rules for Lexical Equivalence:

   Two 3GPP2 MEID URNs are equivalent if they have the same 'meidval'
   and the same parameter values in the same sequential order.  All of
   these comparisons are to be case-insensitive.

   Any identifier in '3gpp2' NSS can be compared using the normal
   mechanisms for percent-encoded UTF-8 strings (see [RFC3629]).

   Conformance with URN Syntax:

   The string representation of the '3gpp2' NID and of the MEID NSS is
   fully compatible with the URN syntax (see [RFC2141]).

   Validation Mechanism:

   The MEID can be validated using the mechanism defined in [S.R0048-A].

   Scope:

   3GPP2 URN is global in scope.

4.  Specification

4.1.  MEID Parameters

   The optional 'ext-meid' field in the ABNF are included for
   extensibility of the 'meid' NSS.  For example, if the MEID format is
   extended in the future (such as with additional hex digits).  In this
   case the 'ext-meid' would be further defined to represent the syntax
   of the extended MEID format.  Any change to the format of the 'meid'
   NSS requires the use of the procedure for URN NSS changes and
   additions (currently through the publication of a future
   Informational RFCs approved by IETF consensus).

   [draft-atarius-dispatch-meid-urn-as-instanceid] specifies how the
   IMEI URN can be used as an instance ID as specified in [RFC5626].
   Any further additional parameters that are intended to be used as
   part of an instance ID, will require an update to
   [draft-atarius-dispatch-meid-urn-as-instanceid].  An example of 3GPP2
   MEID URN is:

   urn:3gpp2:meid:A04B0D56-02A7E3;

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4.2.  MEID Format

4.2.1.  Manufacturer Code

   The manufacturer code is an 8 hexadecimal digit value.  The
   manufacturer code identifies the mobile equipment manufacturer.  The
   manufacturer code is chosen from a range of values allocated to the
   mobile equipment manufacturer in order to uniquely identify the
   mobile equipment.

4.2.2.  Serial Number

   The serial number is a 6 hexadecimal digit value.  The serial number
   identifies equipment within the manufacturer code.

4.2.3.  Check Digit

   This is a single hexadecimal digit (bits 1-4 of octet 8) and is used
   as assurance of integrity in error-prone operations, e.g. when used
   with certain types of readers during inventory management operations.
   The check digit is not transmitted by the mobile equipment.

4.2.4.  Hexadecimal Encoding

   The MEID format is 15 hexadecimal digits encoded in 8 octets as
   defined in [S.R0048-A].  The following figure is an abstract
   representation of a hexadecimal encoded MEID stored in memory (the
   actual storage format in memory is implementation specific).  In this
   figure, the most significant digit of the Manufacturer Code is
   encoded in the bits 1-4 of octet 1.  Bits 5-8 of octet 8 are zero-
   padded, since the bits 1-4 are only needed to encode the Check Digit.
   The most significant digit of the Serial Number is encoded in the
   bits 1-4 of octet 5.  When MEID is included in a cellular signaling
   message, the Check Digit is omitted and the first 7 Octets in the
   following figure are only transmitted.

       14 13 12 11 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0  Hexadecimal
      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+    Digits
      |                       |                 |  |
      |                       |                 |  |
      |   Manufacturer Code   |  Serial Number  |CD|
      |                       |                 |  |
      |                       |                 |  |
      +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
         1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8  Octets

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5.  Community considerations

   3GPP2 defined mobile equipment will be interoperating with Internet
   devices for a variety of voice and data communication services.  To
   do this, they need to make use of Internet protocols that will
   operate end to end between mobile equipments in 3GPP2 networks and
   devices in the general Internet.  Some of these protocols require the
   use of URNs as identifiers.  Within the 3GPP2 networks, mobile
   equipments are identified by their MEID.  Internet users will need to
   be able to receive and include the 3GPP2 URN in various Internet
   protocol elements to facilitate communication between pure Internet-
   based devices and 3GPP2 mobile equipments.  Thus the existence and
   syntax of these namespaces needs to be available to the general
   Internet community and the namespace needs to be reserved with IANA
   in order to guarantee uniqueness and prevent potential namespace
   conflicts both within the Internet and within 3GPP2 networks.
   Conversely, Internet implementations will not generally possess MEID
   identifiers.  The identifiers generated by such implementations will
   typically be URNs within namespaces other than '3gpp2', and may,
   depending on context, even be non-URN URIs.  Implementations are
   advised to be ready to process URIs other than '3gpp2' namespaced
   URNs, so as to aid in interoperability.

6.  Namespace considerations

   A URN was considered the most appropriate URI to represent the MEID
   as this identifier may be used and transported similarly to the
   Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) which is defined as a URN in
   [RFC4122].  Since specifications for protocols that are used to
   transport device identifiers often require the device identifier to
   be globally unique and in the URN format, it is necessary that the
   URN formats are defined to represent the MEID.

7.  IANA considerations

   In accordance with BCP 66 [RFC3406], IANA is asked to register the
   Formal URN namespace '3gpp2' in the "Uniform Resource Name (URN)
   Namespaces" registry, using the registration template presented in
   Section 3 of this document.

8.  Security considerations

   MEIDs (but with the check digit) are displayable on most 3GPP2 mobile
   equipments and in many cases are printed on the case within the
   battery compartment.  Anyone with brief physical access to the mobile
   device can therefore easily obtain the MEID.  Therefore MEIDs MUST
   NOT be used as security capabilities (identifiers whose mere
   possession grants access).  Unfortuantely there are currently

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   examples of some applications which are using the MEID for
   authorization.  Also some service provider's customer service
   departments have been known to use knowledge of the MEID as "proof"
   that the caller is the legitimate owner of the mobile device.  Both
   of these are inappropriate uses of the MEID.

   Since the MEID is permanently assigned to the mobile equipment and is
   not modified when the ownership of the mobile equipment changes,
   (even upon a complete software reload of the mobile equipment), the
   MEID URN MUST NOT be used as a user identifier or user address by an
   application.  Using the MEID to identify a user or as a user address
   could result in communications destined for a previous owner of a
   device being received by the new device owner or could allow the new
   device owner to access information or services owned by the previous
   device owner.

   Additionally, since the MEID identifies the mobile equipment, it
   potentially could be used to identify and track users for the
   purposes of survellience and call data mining if sent in the clear.

   Since the MEID is personally identifiable information, uses of the
   MEID URN with IETF protocols require a specification and IETF expert
   review [RFC5226] in order to ensure that the privacy concerns are
   appropriately addressed.  Protocols carrying the MEID URN SHOULD at a
   minimum use strongly hop-by-hop encrypted channels and that it is
   RECOMMENDED that end-to-end encryption is used.

9.  Acknowledgements

   This document draws heavily on the 3GPP2 work on Numbering,
   Addressing and Identification in [S.R0048-A] and also on the style
   and structure used in [RFC7254] and [RFC4122].

   The author thanks for the detailed comments, provided by Ramachandran
   Subramanian, Alex Gogic, and Randall Gellens.

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2141]  Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.

   [RFC3406]  Daigle, L., van Gulik, D., Iannella, R., and P. Faltstrom,
              "Uniform Resource Names (URN) Namespace Definition
              Mechanisms", BCP 66, RFC 3406, October 2002.

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   [RFC3629]  Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
              10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, November 2003.

   [S.R0048-A]
              3GPP2, "S.R0048-A: 3G Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID) -
              Stage 1, Version 4.0", 3GPP2 TS S.R0048-A 4.0, June 2005.

   [SC.R4002-0]
              3GPP2, "SC.R4002-0: GHA (Global Hexadecimal Administrator)
              Assignment Guidelines and Procedures for Mobile Equipment
              Identifier (MEID) and Short Form Expanded UIM Identifier
              (SF_EUIMID), Version 10.0", 3GPP2 TS SC.R4002-0 10.0,
              December 2013.

   [draft-atarius-dispatch-meid-urn-as-instanceid]
              Atarius, R., "S.R0048-A: Using the Mobile Equipment
              Identity (MEID) Uniform Resource Name (URN) as an Instance
              ID", Internet Draft draft-atarius-dispatch-meid-urn-as-
              instanceid, June 2014.

10.2.  Informative References

   [RFC4122]  Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally
              Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122, July
              2005.

   [RFC5226]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
              IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
              May 2008.

   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.

   [RFC5626]  Jennings, C., Mahy, R., and F. Audet, "Managing Client-
              Initiated Connections in the Session Initiation Protocol
              (SIP)", RFC 5626, October 2009.

   [RFC7254]  Montemurro, M., Allen, A., McDonald, D., Gosden, P.,, "A
              Uniform Resource Name Namespace for the Global System for
              Mobile Communications Association (GSMA) and the
              International Mobile station Equipment Identity (IMEI)",
              Internet Draft RFC7254, May 2014.

Author's Address

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   Roozbeh Atarius
   Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
   5775 Morehouse Drive
   San Diego, CA  92121
   USA

   Phone: +1 858 845 1341
   Email: ratarius@qti.qualcomm.com

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