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Support for multiple provisioning domains in IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol
draft-kk-mpvd-ndp-support-01

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Authors Jouni Korhonen , Suresh Krishnan , Sri Gundavelli
Last updated 2014-02-14
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draft-kk-mpvd-ndp-support-01
IPv6 Maintenance                                             J. Korhonen
Internet-Draft                                                  Broadcom
Intended status: Standards Track                             S. Krishnan
Expires: August 18, 2014                                        Ericsson
                                                           S. Gundavelli
                                                                   Cisco
                                                       February 14, 2014

  Support for multiple provisioning domains in IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
                                Protocol
                      draft-kk-mpvd-ndp-support-01

Abstract

   The MIF working group is producing a solution to solve the issues
   that are associated with nodes that can be attached to multiple
   networks.  One part of the solution requires associating
   configuration information with provisioning domains.  This document
   details how configuration information provided through IPv6 Neighbor
   Discovery Protocol can be associated with provisioning domains.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 18, 2014.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents

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   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  PVD Container option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   4.  PVD Identity option  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   5.  Set of allowable options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   6.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   7.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   8.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   9.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     9.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     9.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   Appendix A.  Examples  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     A.1.  One implicit PVD and one explicit PVD  . . . . . . . . . .  9
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

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1.  Introduction

   The MIF working group is producing a solution to solve the issues
   that are associated with nodes that can be attached to multiple
   networks based on the Multiple Provisioning Domains (MPVD)
   architecture work [I-D.ietf-mif-mpvd-arch].  One part of the solution
   requires associating configuration information with Provisioning
   Domains (PVD).  This document describes an IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
   Protocol (NDP) [RFC4861] mechanism for explicitly indicating
   provisioning domain information along with any configuration that
   will be provided.  The proposed mechanism uses an NDP option that
   indicates the identity of the provisioning domain and encapsulates
   the options that contain the configuration information as well as any
   accompanying authentication/authorization information.  The solution
   defined in this document aligns as much as possible with the existing
   IPv6 Neighbor Discovery security, namely with Secure Neighbor
   Discovery (SeND) [RFC3971].

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3.  PVD Container option

   The PVD container option (PVD_CO) is used to mark the start of the
   configuration options that belong to the explicitly identified
   provisioning domain.  The PVD container option MUST encapsulate
   exactly one PVD identifier option (PVD_ID, see Section 4), which also
   marks the end of configuration options belonging to the specific
   provisioning domain.  The PVD container option MAY occur multiple
   times in the same NDP message but each of these PVD container options
   MUST have a different PVD identity specified under its PVD identity
   option.  The PVD container options MUST NOT be nested.  A PVD
   container is intended to be used in IPv6 Router Advertisement (RA)
   NDP messages.  However, including a PVD container or identity options
   inside a Router Solicitation (RS) NDP messages is also possible
   (actually, in this way a host can solicit for information from a
   specific provisioning domain).  The PVD container option MUST NOT be
   included in a NDP message without accompanying PVD identity option
   (see Section 4).  If, for some reason, the NDP message does not
   include the accompanying PVD identity option, then the implementation
   MUST ignore the PVD container option and SHOULD log the event.

   Since implementations are required to ignore any unrecognized options

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   [RFC4861], the backward compatibility and the reuse of existing NDP
   options is implicitly enabled.  Implementations that do not recognize
   the PVD container option plain ignore it and continue processing PVD
   container option "encapsulated" NDP options normally without
   associating them into any provisioning domain (since the
   implementation has no notion of provisioning domains).  For example,
   the PVD container could "encapsulate" a Prefix Information Option
   (PIO), which would mark that this certain advertised IPv6 prefix
   belongs and originates from a specific provisioning domain.  However,
   if the implementation does not understand provisioning domains, then
   the PIO is processed as any PIO.

   The optional security for the PVD container is based on X.509
   certificates [RFC6487] and reuses mechanisms already defined for SeND
   [RFC3971] [RFC6495].  However, the use of PVD containers does not
   assume or depend on SeND being deployed or even implemented.  The PVD
   containers SHOULD be signed per PVD certificates, which provides both
   integrity protection and proves that the configuration information
   source is authorized for advertising the given information.  See
   [RFC6494] for discussion how to enable deployments where the
   certificates (needed to sign PVD containers) belong to different
   administrative domains i.e. to different provisioning domains.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Type=PVD_CO  |    Length     |S|  Reserved   |   Name Type   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   :                                                               :
   :                     Key Hash (optional)                       :
   :                                                               :
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   :                                                               :
   :                Digital Signature (optional)                   :
   :                                                               :
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |       Possible zero padding to ensure 8 octets alignment      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                      Figure 1: PVD Container Option

   Type

       PVD Container; Set to TBD1.

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   Length

       Length of the PVD_CO.  The actual length depends on the number of
       suboptions and the optional Key Hash/Digital Signature/Padding.
       The minimum length is 1 when no Key Hash or Digital Signature
       field are present in the option.

   S

       Security enabled/disabled flag.  If S=0 then security (signing)
       of the PVD_CO is disabled.  If S=1 then security (signing) is
       enabled.

   Name Type

       Names the algorithm used to identify a specific X.509 certificate
       using the method defined for the Subject Key Identifier (SKI)
       extension for the X.509 certificates.  The usage and the Name
       Type registry aligns with the mechanism defined for SeND
       [RFC6495].  Name Type values starting from 3 are supported and an
       implementation MUST at least support SHA-1 (value 3).  Note that
       if S=0 the Name field serves no use.

   Key Hash

       This field is only present when S=1.  A hash of the public key
       using the algorithm identified by the Name Type.  The procedure
       how the Key Hash is calculated is defined in [RFC3971] and
       [RFC6495].

   Digital Signature

       This field is only present when S=1.  A signature calculated over
       the PVD_CO option including all option data from the beginning of
       the option until to the end of the container ending PVD_ID option
       (see Section 4).  The procedure of calculating the signature is
       identical to the one defined for SeND [RFC3971].  During the
       signature calculation the contents of the Digital Signature
       option MUST be treated as all zero.

   Implementations MUST ensure that the PVD container option meets the 8
   octets NDP option alignment requirement.  This MAY imply adding
   padding zero octets to the tail of the PVD container option until the
   alignment requirement has been met.  The padding is independent of
   the 'S' flag setting.

   If the PVD_CO does not contain a digital signature, then other means
   to secure the integrity of the NDP message SHOULD be provided, such

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   as utilizing SeND.  However, the security provided by SeND is for the
   entire NDP message and does not allow verifying whether the sender of
   the NDP message is actually authorized for the information for the
   provisioning domain.

   If the PVD_CO contains a signature and the verification fails, then
   the whole PVD_CO, PVD_ID and other NDP options between the PVD_CO and
   the PVD_ID MUST be silently ignored and the event SHOULD be logged.

4.  PVD Identity option

   The PVD identity option (PVD_ID) is used to explicitly indicate the
   identity of the provisioning domain that is associated with the
   configuration information encapsulated by the PVD container option.
   The PVD identity option also marks the end of provisioning domain
   "encapsulated" NDP options.  A PVD container option MUST have exactly
   one PVD identity option.  However, the PVD identity option MAY also
   be included in a NDP message without the PVD container option.  In
   this case it merely serves as a hint of provisioning domain and
   could, for example, be used in an RS message to solicit information
   from specific provisioning domains.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Type=PVD_ID  |    Length     | Identity                      ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                          Figure 2: PVD_ID Option

   Type

       PVD identifier; Set to TBD2.

   Length

       Length of the PVD_ID.

   Identity

       The provisioning domain identity.  The contents of this field is
       defined in a separate document [I-D.kkb-mpvd-id].  Note that the
       Identity field may need to be zero padded at the tail to meets
       the natural NDP options' alignment.

   If the receiver of the PVD identity option does not understand any of
   the ID-Types, then anything belonging to this provisioning domain

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   MUST be silently discarded.  This would mean the PVD identity option,
   the PVD container option and all other options in between the former
   two.

5.  Set of allowable options

   The PVD container option MAY be used to encapsulate any allocated
   IPv6 NDP options, which may appear more than once in a NDP message.
   The PVD container option MUST NOT be used to encapsulate other PVD_CO
   option(s).

6.  Security Considerations

   An attacker may attempt to modify the information provided inside the
   PVD container option.  These attacks can easily be prevented by using
   SeND [RFC3971] or per PVD container signature that would detect any
   form of tampering with the IPv6 NDP message contents.

   A compromised router may advertise configuration information related
   to provisioning domains it is not authorized to advertise. e.g.  A
   coffee shop router may provide configuration information purporting
   to be from an enterprise and may try to attract enterprise related
   traffic.  The only real way to avoid this is that the provisioning
   domain container contains embedded authentication and authorization
   information from the owner of the provisioning domain.  Then, this
   attack can be detected by the client by verifying the authentication
   and authorization information provided inside the PVD container
   option after verifying its trust towards the provisioning domain
   owner (e.g. a certificate with a well-known/common trust anchor).

   A compromised configuration source or an on-link attacker may try to
   capture advertised configuration information and replay it on a
   different link or at a future point in time.  This can be avoided by
   including some replay protection mechanism such as a timestamp or a
   nonce inside the PVD container to ensure freshness of the provided
   information.  This specification does not define a replay protection
   solution.  Rather it is assumed that if replay protection is
   required, the access network and hosts also deploy existing security
   solutions such as SeND [RFC3971].

7.  IANA Considerations

   This document defines two new IPv6 NDP options into the "IPv6
   Neighbor Discovery Option Formats" registry.  The options TBD1 and
   TBD2 are described in Section 3 and Section 4.

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8.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank the members of the MIF architecture
   design team for their comments that led to the creation of this
   draft.

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.kkb-mpvd-id]
              Krishnan, S., Korhonen, J., Bhandari, S., and S.
              Gundavelli, "Identification of provisioning domains",
              draft-kkbg-mpvd-id-00 (work in progress), February 2014.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC4861]  Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman,
              "Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861,
              September 2007.

   [RFC6494]  Gagliano, R., Krishnan, S., and A. Kukec, "Certificate
              Profile and Certificate Management for SEcure Neighbor
              Discovery (SEND)", RFC 6494, February 2012.

   [RFC6495]  Gagliano, R., Krishnan, S., and A. Kukec, "Subject Key
              Identifier (SKI) SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) Name
              Type Fields", RFC 6495, February 2012.

9.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-mif-mpvd-arch]
              Anipko, D., "Multiple Provisioning Domain Architecture",
              draft-ietf-mif-mpvd-arch-00 (work in progress),
              February 2014.

   [RFC3971]  Arkko, J., Kempf, J., Zill, B., and P. Nikander, "SEcure
              Neighbor Discovery (SEND)", RFC 3971, March 2005.

   [RFC6487]  Huston, G., Michaelson, G., and R. Loomans, "A Profile for
              X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates", RFC 6487,
              February 2012.

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Appendix A.  Examples

A.1.  One implicit PVD and one explicit PVD

   Figure 3 shows how the NDP options are laid out in an RA for one
   implicit provisioning domain and one explicit provisioning domain.
   The example does not include security (and signing of the PVD
   container).  The assumption is the PVD identity consumes 14 octets.

   The explicit provisioning domain ("starducks.example.com" in a NAI
   Realm format) contains a specific PIO for 2001:db8:abad:cafe::/64.
   The implicit provisioning domain configures a prefix 2001:db8:cafe:
   babe::/64 and the link MTU of 1500 octets.  There are two cases: 1)
   the host receiving the RA implements provisioning domains and 2) the
   host does not understand provisioning domains.

   1.  The host recognizes the PVD_CO and "starts" a provisioning domain
       specific configuration.  Security is disable, thus there are no
       Key Hash or Digital Signature fields to process.  The prefix
       2001:db8:abad:cafe::/64 is found and configured on the interface.
       Once the PVD_ID option is located the interface prefix
       configuration for 2001:db8:abad:cafe::/64 can be associate to the
       provisioning domain found in the PVD_ID option.

       The rest of the options are parsed and configured into the
       implicit domain since there is no encapsulating provisioning
       domain.  The interface is configured with prefix 2001:db8:cafe:
       babe::/64 and MTU of 1500 octets.  The implicit provisioning
       domain also assumes a link MTU of 1500 octets, since there is no
       provisioning domain specific MTU configuration, only the
       configuration from the implicit provisioning domain.

   2.  The host ignores both PVD_CO and PVD_ID options and ends up
       configuring two prefixes on its interface (2001:db8:abad:
       cafe::/64 and 2001:db8:cafe:babe::/64) with a link MTU of 1500
       octets.

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    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |      134      |       0       |          Checksum             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Cur Hop Limit |0|1|  Reserved |       Router Lifetime         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Reachable Time                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                          Retrans Timer                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ <+
   |  Type=PVD_CO  |       1       |0|  Reserved   |      0        |  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  |
   |                               0                               |  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  |
   |       3       |       4       |      64       |1|1| Reserved1 |  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Valid Lifetime                        |  P
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  V
   |                       Preferred Lifetime                      |  D
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           Reserved2                           |  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  |
   |                      2001:db8:abad:cafe::                     ~  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  |
   |  Type=PVD_ID  |       4       |   id-type=4   |       21      |  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  |
   ~  "starducks.example.com",'\0','\0','\0','\0','\0','\0','\0'   |  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ <+
   |       3       |       4       | Prefix Length |1|1| Reserved1 |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                         Valid Lifetime                        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                       Preferred Lifetime                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           Reserved2                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                      2001:db8:cafe:babe::                     ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |        5      |      1        |           Reserved            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                            1500                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

        Figure 3: An RA with one implicit PVD and one explicit PVD

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Authors' Addresses

   Jouni Korhonen
   Broadcom
   Porkkalankatu 24
   FIN-00180 Helsinki
   Finland

   Email: jouni.nospam@gmail.com

   Suresh Krishnan
   Ericsson
   8400 Decarie Blvd.
   Town of Mount Royal, QC
   Canada

   Phone: +1 514 345 7900 x42871
   Email: suresh.krishnan@ericsson.com

   Sri Gundavelli
   Cisco
   170 West Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: sgundave@cisco.com

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