AES-GCM-SIV: Nonce Misuse-Resistant Authenticated Encryption
draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv-05
The information below is for an old version of the document.
| Document | Type |
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8452.
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Shay Gueron , Adam Langley , Yehuda Lindell | ||
| Last updated | 2017-06-21 (Latest revision 2017-05-23) | ||
| Replaces | draft-gueron-gcmsiv | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) | ||
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| IETF conflict review | conflict-review-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv, conflict-review-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv, conflict-review-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv, conflict-review-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv, conflict-review-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv, conflict-review-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv, conflict-review-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv | ||
| Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
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draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv-05
CFRG S. Gueron
Internet-Draft University of Haifa and Amazon Web Services
Intended status: Informational A. Langley
Expires: November 22, 2017 Google
Y. Lindell
Bar Ilan University
May 21, 2017
AES-GCM-SIV: Nonce Misuse-Resistant Authenticated Encryption
draft-irtf-cfrg-gcmsiv-05
Abstract
This memo specifies two authenticated encryption algorithms that are
nonce misuse-resistant - that is that they do not fail
catastrophically if a nonce is repeated.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on November 22, 2017.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. POLYVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. Decryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. AEADs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7. Field operation examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8. Worked example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Appendix A. The relationship between POLYVAL and GHASH . . . . . 10
Appendix B. Additional comparisons with AES-GCM . . . . . . . . 12
Appendix C. Test vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
C.1. AEAD_AES_128_GCM_SIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
C.2. AEAD_AES_256_GCM_SIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
C.3. Counter wrap tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1. Introduction
The concept of "Authenticated encryption with additional data" (AEAD
[RFC5116]) couples confidentiality and integrity in a single
operation that is easier for practitioners to use correctly. The
most popular AEAD, AES-GCM [GCM], is seeing widespread use due to its
attractive performance.
However, most AEADs suffer catastrophic failures of confidentiality
and/or integrity when two distinct messages are encrypted with the
same nonce. While the requirements for AEADs specify that the pair
of (key, nonce) shall only ever be used once, and thus prohibit this,
in practice this is a worry.
Nonce misuse-resistant AEADs do not suffer from this problem. For
this class of AEADs, encrypting two messages with the same nonce only
discloses whether the messages were equal or not. This is the
minimum amount of information that a deterministic algorithm can leak
in this situation.
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This memo specifies two nonce misuse-resistant AEADs:
"AEAD_AES_128_GCM_SIV" and "AEAD_AES_256_GCM_SIV". These AEADs are
designed to be able to take advantage of existing hardware support
for AES-GCM and can decrypt within 5% of the speed of AES-GCM (for
multi-kilobyte messages). Encryption is, perforce, slower than AES-
GCM because two passes are required. However, measurements suggest
that it can still run at 2/3rds of the speed of AES-GCM.
We suggest that these AEADs be considered in any situation where
there is the slightest doubt about nonce uniqueness.
2. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
3. POLYVAL
The GCM-SIV construction is similar to GCM: the block cipher is used
in counter mode to encrypt the plaintext and a polynomial
authenticator is used to provide integrity. The authenticator in
GCM-SIV is called POLYVAL.
POLYVAL, like GHASH, operates in a binary field of size 2^128. The
field is defined by the irreducible polynomial x^128 + x^127 + x^126
+ x^121 + 1. The sum of any two elements in the field is the result
of XORing them. The product of any two elements is calculated using
standard (binary) polynomial multiplication followed by reduction
modulo the irreducible polynomial.
We define another binary operation on elements of the field: dot(a,
b), where dot(a, b) = a * b * x^-128. The value of the field element
x^-128 is equal to x^127 + x^124 + x^121 + x^114 + 1. The result,
dot(a, b), of this multiplication is another field element.
Polynomials in this field are converted to and from 128-bit strings
by taking the least-significant bit of the first byte to be the
coefficient of x^0, the most-significant bit of the first byte to the
coefficient of x^7 and so on, until the most-significant bit of the
last byte is the coefficient of x^127.
POLYVAL takes a field element, H, and a series of field elements X_1,
..., X_s. Its result is S_s, where S is defined by the iteration S_0
= 0; S_j = dot(S_{j-1} + X_j, H), for j = 0..s
We note that POLYVAL(H, X_1, X_2, ...) is equal to
ByteReverse(GHASH(ByteReverse(H) * x, ByteReverse(X_1),
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ByteReverse(X_2), ...)), where ByteReverse is a function that
reverses the order of 16 bytes. See Appendix A for a more detailed
explanation.
4. Encryption
AES-GCM-SIV encryption takes a 16- or 32-byte key-generating key, a
96-bit nonce, and arbitrary-length plaintext & additional data byte-
strings. It outputs an authenticated ciphertext that will be 16
bytes longer than the plaintext.
If the key-generating key is 16 bytes long then AES-128 is used
throughout. Otherwise AES-256 is used throughout.
The first step of encryption is to generate per-nonce, record-
authentication and record-encryption keys. The record-authentication
key is 128-bit and the record-encryption key is either 128- (for AES-
128) or 256-bit (for AES-256).
These keys are generated by encrypting a series of plaintext blocks
that contain a 32-bit, little-endian counter followed by the nonce,
and then discarding the second half of the resulting ciphertext. In
the AES-128 case, 128 + 128 = 256 bits of key material need to be
generated and, since encrypting each block yields 64 bits after
discarding half, four blocks need to be encrypted. The counter
values for these blocks are 0, 1, 2 and 3. For AES-256, six blocks
are needed in total, with counter values 0 through 5 (inclusive).
In pseudocode form, where ++ indicates concatenation and x[:8]
indicates taking only the first eight bytes from x:
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if bytelen(key-generating-key) == 16 {
record-authentication-key =
AES128(key = key-generating-key,
input = "00000000" ++ nonce)[:8] ++
AES128(key = key-generating-key,
input = "01000000" ++ nonce)[:8]
record-encryption-key =
AES128(key = key-generating-key,
input = "02000000" ++ nonce)[:8] ++
AES128(key = key-generating-key,
input = "03000000" ++ nonce)[:8]
} else if bytelen(key-generating-key) == 32 {
record-authentication-key =
AES256(key = key-generating-key,
input = "00000000" ++ nonce)[:8] ++
AES256(key = key-generating-key,
input = "01000000" ++ nonce)[:8]
record-encryption-key =
AES256(key = key-generating-key,
input = "02000000" ++ nonce)[:8] ++
AES256(key = key-generating-key,
input = "03000000" ++ nonce)[:8] ++
AES256(key = key-generating-key,
input = "04000000" ++ nonce)[:8] ++
AES256(key = key-generating-key,
input = "05000000" ++ nonce)[:8]
}
Define the _length block_ as a 16-byte value that is the
concatenation of the 64-bit, little-endian encodings of
bytelen(additional_length) * 8 and bytelen(plaintext) * 8. Pad the
plaintext and additional data with zeros until they are each a
multiple of 16 bytes, the AES block size. Then X_1, X_2, ... (the
series of field elements that are inputs to POLYVAL) are the
concatenation of the padded additional data, the padded plaintext and
the length block.
Calculate S_s = POLYVAL(record-authentication-key, X_1, X_2, ...).
XOR the first twelve bytes of S_s with the nonce and clear the most-
significant bit of the last byte. Encrypt the result with AES using
the record-encryption key to produce the tag.
The ciphertext is produced by using AES, with the record-encryption
key, in counter mode on the unpadded plaintext. The initial counter
block is the tag with the most-significant bit of the last byte set
to one. The counter advances by incrementing the first 32 bits
interpreted as an unsigned, little-endian integer. The result of the
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encryption is the resulting ciphertext (truncated to the length of
the plaintext) followed by the tag.
5. Decryption
Decryption takes a 16- or 32-byte key-generating key, a 96-bit nonce,
and arbitrary-length ciphertext & additional data byte-strings. It
either fails, or outputs a plaintext that is 16 bytes shorter than
the ciphertext.
Firstly, the record-encryption and record-authentication keys are
derived in the same manner as when encrypting.
If the ciphertext is less than 16 bytes or more than 2^36 + 16 bytes,
then fail. Otherwise split the input into the encrypted plaintext
and a 16-byte tag. Decrypt the encrypted plaintext with the record-
encryption key in counter mode, where the initial counter block is
the tag with the most-significant bit of the last byte set to one.
The counter advances in the same way as for encryption.
Pad the additional data and plaintext with zeros until they are each
a multiple of 16 bytes, the AES block size. Calculate the length
block and X_1, X_2, ... as above and compute S_s = POLYVAL(record-
authentication-key, X_1, X_2, ...). Compute the expected tag by
XORing S_s and the nonce, clearing the most-significant bit of the
last byte and encrypting with the record-encryption key. Compare the
provided and expected tag values in constant time. If they do not
match, fail. Otherwise return the plaintext.
6. AEADs
We define two AEADs, in the format of RFC 5116, that use AES-GCM-SIV:
AEAD_AES_128_GCM_SIV and AEAD_AES_256_GCM_SIV. They differ only in
the size of the AES key used.
The key input to these AEADs becomes the key-generating key. Thus
AEAD_AES_128_GCM_SIV takes a 16-byte key and AEAD_AES_256_GCM_SIV
takes a 32-byte key.
The parameters for AEAD_AES_128_GCM_SIV are then: K_LEN is 16, P_MAX
is 2^36, A_MAX is 2^61 - 1, N_MIN and N_MAX are 12 and C_MAX is 2^36
+ 16.
The parameters for AEAD_AES_256_GCM_SIV differ only in the key size:
K_LEN is 32, P_MAX is 2^36, A_MAX is 2^61 - 1, N_MIN and N_MAX are 12
and C_MAX is 2^36 + 16.
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7. Field operation examples
Polynomials in this document will be written as 16-byte values. For
example, the sixteen bytes 01000000000000000000000000000492 would
represent the polynomial x^127 + x^124 + x^121 + x^114 + 1, which is
also the value of x^-128 in this field.
If a = 66e94bd4ef8a2c3b884cfa59ca342b2e and b =
ff000000000000000000000000000000 then a + b =
99e94bd4ef8a2c3b884cfa59ca342b2e, a * b =
37856175e9dc9df26ebc6d6171aa0ae9 and dot(a, b) =
ebe563401e7e91ea3ad6426b8140c394.
8. Worked example
Consider the encryption of the plaintext "Hello world" with the
additional data "example" under key ee8e1ed9ff2540ae8f2ba9f50bc2f27c
using AEAD_AES_128_GCM_SIV. The random nonce that we'll use for this
example is 752abad3e0afb5f434dc4310.
In order to generate the record-authentication and record-encryption
keys, a counter is combined with the nonce to form four blocks.
These blocks are encrypted with key given above:
Counter | Nonce Ciphertext
00000000752abad3e0afb5f434dc4310 -> 310728d9911f1f38c40e952ca83d093e
01000000752abad3e0afb5f434dc4310 -> 37b24316c3fab9a046ae90952daa0450
02000000752abad3e0afb5f434dc4310 -> a4c5ae624996327947920b2d2412474b
03000000752abad3e0afb5f434dc4310 -> c100be4d7e2c6edd1efef004305ab1e7
The latter halves of the ciphertext blocks are discarded and the
remaining bytes are concatenated to form the per-record keys. Thus
the record-authentication key is 310728d9911f1f3837b24316c3fab9a0 and
the record-encryption key is a4c5ae6249963279c100be4d7e2c6edd.
The length block contains the encoding of the bit-lengths of the
additional data and plaintext, respectively, which are and 56 and 88.
Thus the length block is 38000000000000005800000000000000.
The input to POLYVAL is the padded additional data, padded plaintext
and then the length block. This is 6578616d706c650000000000000000004
8656c6c6f20776f726c64000000000038000000000000005800000000000000.
Calling POLYVAL with the record-authentication key and the input
above results in S_s = ad7fcf0b5169851662672f3c5f95138f.
Before encrypting, the nonce is XORed in and the most-significant bit
of the last byte is cleared. This gives
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d85575d8b1c630e256bb6c2c5f95130f because that bit happened to be one
previously. Encrypting with the record-encryption key gives the tag,
which is 4fbcdeb7e4793f4a1d7e4faa70100af1.
In order to form the initial counter block, the most-significant bit
of the last byte of the tag is set to one. That doesn't result in a
change in this example. Encrypting this with the record key gives
the first block of the keystream: 1551f2c1787e81deac9a99f139540ab5.
The final ciphertext is the result of XORing the plaintext with the
keystream and appending the tag. That gives
5d349ead175ef6b1def6fd4fbcdeb7e4793f4a1d7e4faa70100af1.
9. Security Considerations
A detailed analysis of these schemes appears in [AES-GCM-SIV] and the
remainder of this section is a summary of that paper.
We recommend a limit of 2^50 plaintexts encrypted with a given key.
Past this point, AES-GCM-SIV may be distinguishable from an ideal
AEAD. (This is based on standard assumptions about AES.)
The AEADs defined in this document calculate fresh AES keys for each
nonce. This allows a larger number of plaintexts to be encrypted
under a given key. Without this step, each SIV encryption would be
like a standard GCM encryption with a random nonce. Since the nonce
size for GCM is only 12 bytes, NIST set a limit [GCM] of 2^32
encryptions before the probability of duplicate nonces becomes too
high.
The authors felt that, while large, 2^32 wasn't so large that this
limit could be safely ignored. For example, consider encrypting the
contents of a hard disk where the AEAD record size is 512 bytes, to
match the traditional size of a disk sector. This process would have
encrypted 2^32 records after processing 2TB, yet hard drives of
multiple terabytes are now common.
Deriving fresh AES keys for each nonce alleviates this problem.
If the nonce is fixed then AES-GCM-SIV acts like AES-GCM with a
random nonce, with the caveat that identical plaintexts will produce
identical ciphertexts. However, we feel that the 2^32 limit for AES-
GCM is too risky in a multi-key setting. Thus with AES-GCM-SIV we
recommend that, for a specific key, a nonce not be repeated more than
2^8 times. (And, ideally, not be repeated at all.) See theorem six
and figure four from the paper for detailed bounds.
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Suzuki et al [multibirthday] show that even if nonces are selected
uniformly at random, the probability that one or more values would be
repeated 256 or more times is negligible until the number of nonces
reaches 2^102. (Specifically the probability is 1/((2^96)^(255)) *
Binomial(q, 256), where q is the number of nonces.) Since 2^102 is
vastly greater than the limit on the number of plaintexts per key
given above, we don't feel that this limit on the number of repeated
nonces will be a problem. This also means that selecting nonces at
random is a safe practice with AES-GCM-SIV.
In addition to calculating fresh AES keys for each nonce, these AEADs
also calculate fresh POLYVAL keys. Previous versions of GCM-SIV did
not do this and, instead, used part of the AEAD's key as the POLYVAL
key. Bleichenbacher pointed out that this allowed an attacker who
controlled the AEAD key to force the POLYVAL key to be zero. If a
user of this AEAD authenticated messages with a secret additional-
data value then this would be insecure as the attacker could
calculate a valid authenticator without knowing the input. This does
not violate the standard properties of an AEAD as the additional data
is not assumed to be confidential. However, we want these AEADs to
be robust to plausible misuse and also to be drop-in replacements for
AES-GCM and so derive nonce-specific POLYVAL keys to avoid this
issue.
A security analysis of a similar scheme appears in [GCM-SIV].
10. IANA Considerations
IANA is requested to add two entries to the registry of AEAD
algorithms: AEAD_AES_128_GCM_SIV and AEAD_AES_256_GCM_SIV, both
referencing this document as their specification.
11. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Uri Blumenthal, Ondrej Mosnacek,
Daniel Bleichenbacher, Kenny Paterson, Bart Preneel, John Mattsson
and Deb Cooley's team at NSA Information Assurance for their helpful
suggestions.
12. References
12.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
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12.2. Informative References
[AES-GCM-SIV]
Gueron, S., Langley, A., and Y. Lindell, "AES-GCM-SIV:
specification and analysis", 2017,
<https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/168>.
[GCM] Dworkin, M., "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of
Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC", NIST SP-
800-38D, November 2007,
<http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38D/
SP-800-38D.pdf>.
[GCM-SIV] Gueron, S. and Y. Lindell, "GCM-SIV: Full Nonce Misuse-
Resistant Authenticated Encryption at Under One Cycle Per
Byte", Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on
Computer and Communications Security , 2015,
<http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2810103.2813613>.
[multibirthday]
Kazuhiro, S., Dongvu, T., Kaoru, K., and T. Koji,
"Birthday Paradox for Multi-collisions", ICISC 2006: 9th
International Conference, Busan, Korea, November 30 -
December 1, 2006. Proceedings , 2006,
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11927587_5>.
[RFC5116] McGrew, D., "An Interface and Algorithms for Authenticated
Encryption", RFC 5116, DOI 10.17487/RFC5116, January 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5116>.
Appendix A. The relationship between POLYVAL and GHASH
GHASH and POLYVAL both operate in GF(2^128), although with different
irreducible polynomials: POLYVAL works modulo x^128 + x^127 + x^126 +
x^121 + 1 and GHASH works modulo x^128 + x^7 + x^2 + x + 1. Note
that these irreducible polynomials are the "reverse" of each other.
GHASH also has a different mapping between 128-bit strings and field
elements. Where as POLYVAL takes the least-significant to most-
significant bits of the first byte to be the coefficients of x^0 to
x^7, GHASH takes them to be the coefficients of x^7 to x^0. This
continues until, for the last byte, POLYVAL takes the least-
significant to most-significant bits to be the coefficients of x^120
to x^127 while GHASH takes them to be the coefficients of x^127 to
x^120.
The combination of these facts means that it's possible to "convert"
values between the two by reversing the order of the bytes in a
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16-byte string. The differing interpretations of bit order takes
care of reversing the bits within each byte and then reversing the
bytes does the rest. This may have a practical benefit for
implementations that wish to implement both GHASH and POLYVAL.
In order to be clear which field a given operation is performed in,
let mulX_GHASH be a function that takes a 16-byte string, converts it
to an element of GHASH's field using GHASH's convention, multiplies
it by x and converts back to a string. Likewise, let mulX_POLYVAL be
a function that converts a 16-byte string to an element of POLYVAL's
field using POLYVAL's convention, multiplies it by x and converts
back.
Given the 16-byte string 01000000000000000000000000000000, mulX_GHASH
of that string is 00800000000000000000000000000000 and mulX_POLYVAL
of that string is 02000000000000000000000000000000. As a more
general example, given 9c98c04df9387ded828175a92ba652d8, mulX_GHASH
of that string is 4e4c6026fc9c3ef6c140bad495d3296c and mulX_POLYVAL
of it is 3931819bf271fada0503eb52574ca5f2.
Lastly, let ByteReverse be the function that takes a 16-byte string
and returns a copy where the order of the bytes has been reversed.
Now GHASH and POLYVAL can be defined in terms of one another:
POLYVAL(H, X_1, ..., X_n) =
ByteReverse(GHASH(mulX_GHASH(ByteReverse(H)), ByteReverse(X_1), ...,
ByteReverse(X_n)))
GHASH(H, X_1, ..., X_n) =
ByteReverse(POLYVAL(mulX_POLYVAL(ByteReverse(H)), ByteReverse(X_1),
..., ByteReverse(X_n)))
As a worked example, let H = 25629347589242761d31f826ba4b757b, X_1 =
4f4f95668c83dfb6401762bb2d01a262 and X_2 =
d1a24ddd2721d006bbe45f20d3c9f362. POLYVAL(H, X_1, X_2) =
f7a3b47b846119fae5b7866cf5e5b77e. If we wished to calculate this
given only an implementation of GHASH then the key for GHASH would be
mulX_GHASH(ByteReverse(H)) = dcbaa5dd137c188ebb21492c23c9b112. Then
ByteReverse(GHASH(dcba..., ByteReverse(X_1), ByteReverse(X_2))) =
f7a3b47b846119fae5b7866cf5e5b77e, as required.
In the other direction, GHASH(H, X_1, X_2) =
bd9b3997046731fb96251b91f9c99d7a. If we wished to calculate this
given only an implementation of POLYVAL then we would first calculate
the key for POLYVAL, mulX_POLYVAL(ByteReverse(H)), which is
f6ea96744df0633aec8424b18e26c54a. Then ByteReverse(POLYVAL(f6ea...,
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ByteReverse(X_1), ByteReverse(X_2))) =
bd9b3997046731fb96251b91f9c99d7a.
Appendix B. Additional comparisons with AES-GCM
Some, non-security, properties also differ between AES-GCM and AES-
GCM-SIV that are worth noting:
AES-GCM allows plaintexts to be encrypted in a streaming fashion,
i.e. the beginning of the plaintext can be encrypted and transmitted
before the entire message has been processed. AES-GCM-SIV requires
two passes for encryption and so cannot do this.
AES-GCM allows a constant additional-data input to be precomputed in
order to save per-record computation. AES-GCM-SIV varies the
authenticator key based on the nonce and so does not permit this.
The performance for AES-GCM vs AES-GCM-SIV on small machines can be
roughly characterised by the number of AES operations and the number
of GF(2^128) multiplications needed to process a message. Let a =
(bytelen(additional-data) + 15) / 16 and p = (bytelen(plaintext) +
15) / 16. Then AES-GCM requires p + 1 AES operations and p + a + 1
field multiplications.
Defined similarly, AES-GCM-SIV with AES-128 requires p + 5 AES
operations and p + a + 1 field multiplications. With AES-256 that
becomes p + 7 AES operations.
With large machines, the available parallelism becomes far more
important and such simple performance analysis is no longer
representative. For such machines, we find that decryption of AES-
GCM-SIV is only about 5% slower then AES-GCM, as long as the message
is at least a couple of kilobytes. Encryption tends to be about
2/3's the speed because of the additional pass required.
Appendix C. Test vectors
C.1. AEAD_AES_128_GCM_SIV
Plaintext (0 bytes) =
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 00000000000000000000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 00000000000000000000000000000000
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 03000000000000000000000000000000
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... and masked = 03000000000000000000000000000000
Tag = dc20e2d83f25705bb49e439eca56de25
Initial counter = dc20e2d83f25705bb49e439eca56dea5
Result (16 bytes) = dc20e2d83f25705bb49e439eca56de25
Plaintext (8 bytes) = 0100000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000004000000000000000
POLYVAL result = eb93b7740962c5e49d2a90a7dc5cec74
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = e893b7740962c5e49d2a90a7dc5cec74
... and masked = e893b7740962c5e49d2a90a7dc5cec74
Tag = 578782fff6013b815b287c22493a364c
Initial counter = 578782fff6013b815b287c22493a36cc
Result (24 bytes) = b5d839330ac7b786578782fff6013b81
5b287c22493a364c
Plaintext (12 bytes) = 010000000000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000006000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 48eb6c6c5a2dbe4a1dde508fee06361b
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 4beb6c6c5a2dbe4a1dde508fee06361b
... and masked = 4beb6c6c5a2dbe4a1dde508fee06361b
Tag = a4978db357391a0bc4fdec8b0d106639
Initial counter = a4978db357391a0bc4fdec8b0d1066b9
Result (28 bytes) = 7323ea61d05932260047d942a4978db3
57391a0bc4fdec8b0d106639
Plaintext (16 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000008000000000000000
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POLYVAL result = 20806c26e3c1de019e111255708031d6
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 23806c26e3c1de019e111255708031d6
... and masked = 23806c26e3c1de019e11125570803156
Tag = 303aaf90f6fe21199c6068577437a0c4
Initial counter = 303aaf90f6fe21199c6068577437a0c4
Result (32 bytes) = 743f7c8077ab25f8624e2e948579cf77
303aaf90f6fe21199c6068577437a0c4
Plaintext (32 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000001000000000000
POLYVAL result = ce6edc9a50b36d9a98986bbf6a261c3b
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = cd6edc9a50b36d9a98986bbf6a261c3b
... and masked = cd6edc9a50b36d9a98986bbf6a261c3b
Tag = 1a8e45dcd4578c667cd86847bf6155ff
Initial counter = 1a8e45dcd4578c667cd86847bf6155ff
Result (48 bytes) = 84e07e62ba83a6585417245d7ec413a9
fe427d6315c09b57ce45f2e3936a9445
1a8e45dcd4578c667cd86847bf6155ff
Plaintext (48 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000008001000000000000
POLYVAL result = 81388746bc22d26b2abc3dcb15754222
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 82388746bc22d26b2abc3dcb15754222
... and masked = 82388746bc22d26b2abc3dcb15754222
Tag = 5e6e311dbf395d35b0fe39c2714388f8
Initial counter = 5e6e311dbf395d35b0fe39c2714388f8
Result (64 bytes) = 3fd24ce1f5a67b75bf2351f181a475c7
b800a5b4d3dcf70106b1eea82fa1d64d
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f42bf7226122fa92e17a40eeaac1201b
5e6e311dbf395d35b0fe39c2714388f8
Plaintext (64 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000002000000000000
POLYVAL result = 1e39b6d3344d348f6044f89935d1cf78
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 1d39b6d3344d348f6044f89935d1cf78
... and masked = 1d39b6d3344d348f6044f89935d1cf78
Tag = 8a263dd317aa88d56bdf3936dba75bb8
Initial counter = 8a263dd317aa88d56bdf3936dba75bb8
Result (80 bytes) = 2433668f1058190f6d43e360f4f35cd8
e475127cfca7028ea8ab5c20f7ab2af0
2516a2bdcbc08d521be37ff28c152bba
36697f25b4cd169c6590d1dd39566d3f
8a263dd317aa88d56bdf3936dba75bb8
Plaintext (8 bytes) = 0200000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000004000000000000000
POLYVAL result = b26781e7e2c1376f96bec195f3709b2a
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = b16781e7e2c1376f96bec195f3709b2a
... and masked = b16781e7e2c1376f96bec195f3709b2a
Tag = 3b0a1a2560969cdf790d99759abd1508
Initial counter = 3b0a1a2560969cdf790d99759abd1588
Result (24 bytes) = 1e6daba35669f4273b0a1a2560969cdf
790d99759abd1508
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Plaintext (12 bytes) = 020000000000000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000006000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 111f5affb18e4cc1164a01bdc12a4145
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 121f5affb18e4cc1164a01bdc12a4145
... and masked = 121f5affb18e4cc1164a01bdc12a4145
Tag = 08299c5102745aaa3a0c469fad9e075a
Initial counter = 08299c5102745aaa3a0c469fad9e07da
Result (28 bytes) = 296c7889fd99f41917f4462008299c51
02745aaa3a0c469fad9e075a
Plaintext (16 bytes) = 02000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000008000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 79745ab508622c8a958543675fac4688
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 7a745ab508622c8a958543675fac4688
... and masked = 7a745ab508622c8a958543675fac4608
Tag = 8f8936ec039e4e4bb97ebd8c4457441f
Initial counter = 8f8936ec039e4e4bb97ebd8c4457449f
Result (32 bytes) = e2b0c5da79a901c1745f700525cb335b
8f8936ec039e4e4bb97ebd8c4457441f
Plaintext (32 bytes) = 02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000000001000000000000
POLYVAL result = 2ce7daaf7c89490822051255b12eca6b
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POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 2fe7daaf7c89490822051255b12eca6b
... and masked = 2fe7daaf7c89490822051255b12eca6b
Tag = e6af6a7f87287da059a71684ed3498e1
Initial counter = e6af6a7f87287da059a71684ed3498e1
Result (48 bytes) = 620048ef3c1e73e57e02bb8562c416a3
19e73e4caac8e96a1ecb2933145a1d71
e6af6a7f87287da059a71684ed3498e1
Plaintext (48 bytes) = 02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000008001000000000000
POLYVAL result = 9ca987715d69c1786711dfcd22f830fc
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 9fa987715d69c1786711dfcd22f830fc
... and masked = 9fa987715d69c1786711dfcd22f8307c
Tag = 6a8cc3865f76897c2e4b245cf31c51f2
Initial counter = 6a8cc3865f76897c2e4b245cf31c51f2
Result (64 bytes) = 50c8303ea93925d64090d07bd109dfd9
515a5a33431019c17d93465999a8b005
3201d723120a8562b838cdff25bf9d1e
6a8cc3865f76897c2e4b245cf31c51f2
Plaintext (64 bytes) = 02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
05000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
05000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000000002000000000000
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POLYVAL result = ffcd05d5770f34ad9267f0a59994b15a
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = fccd05d5770f34ad9267f0a59994b15a
... and masked = fccd05d5770f34ad9267f0a59994b15a
Tag = cdc46ae475563de037001ef84ae21744
Initial counter = cdc46ae475563de037001ef84ae217c4
Result (80 bytes) = 2f5c64059db55ee0fb847ed513003746
aca4e61c711b5de2e7a77ffd02da42fe
ec601910d3467bb8b36ebbaebce5fba3
0d36c95f48a3e7980f0e7ac299332a80
cdc46ae475563de037001ef84ae21744
Plaintext (4 bytes) = 02000000
AAD (12 bytes) = 010000000000000000000000
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
60000000000000002000000000000000
POLYVAL result = f6ce9d3dcd68a2fd603c7ecc18fb9918
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = f5ce9d3dcd68a2fd603c7ecc18fb9918
... and masked = f5ce9d3dcd68a2fd603c7ecc18fb9918
Tag = 07eb1f84fb28f8cb73de8e99e2f48a14
Initial counter = 07eb1f84fb28f8cb73de8e99e2f48a94
Result (20 bytes) = a8fe3e8707eb1f84fb28f8cb73de8e99
e2f48a14
Plaintext (20 bytes) = 03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000
AAD (18 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
0200
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
9000000000000000a000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 4781d492cb8f926c504caa36f61008fe
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 4481d492cb8f926c504caa36f61008fe
... and masked = 4481d492cb8f926c504caa36f610087e
Tag = 24afc9805e976f451e6d87f6fe106514
Initial counter = 24afc9805e976f451e6d87f6fe106594
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Result (36 bytes) = 6bb0fecf5ded9b77f902c7d5da236a43
91dd029724afc9805e976f451e6d87f6
fe106514
Plaintext (18 bytes) = 03000000000000000000000000000000
0400
AAD (20 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = d9b360279694941ac5dbc6987ada7377
Record encryption key = 4004a0dcd862f2a57360219d2d44ef6c
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
a0000000000000009000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 75cbc23a1a10e348aeb8e384b5cc79fd
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 76cbc23a1a10e348aeb8e384b5cc79fd
... and masked = 76cbc23a1a10e348aeb8e384b5cc797d
Tag = bff9b2ef00fb47920cc72a0c0f13b9fd
Initial counter = bff9b2ef00fb47920cc72a0c0f13b9fd
Result (34 bytes) = 44d0aaf6fb2f1f34add5e8064e83e12a
2adabff9b2ef00fb47920cc72a0c0f13
b9fd
C.2. AEAD_AES_256_GCM_SIV
Plaintext (0 bytes) =
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 00000000000000000000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 00000000000000000000000000000000
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 03000000000000000000000000000000
... and masked = 03000000000000000000000000000000
Tag = 07f5f4169bbf55a8400cd47ea6fd400f
Initial counter = 07f5f4169bbf55a8400cd47ea6fd408f
Result (16 bytes) = 07f5f4169bbf55a8400cd47ea6fd400f
Plaintext (8 bytes) = 0100000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
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Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000004000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 05230f62f0eac8aa14fe4d646b59cd41
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 06230f62f0eac8aa14fe4d646b59cd41
... and masked = 06230f62f0eac8aa14fe4d646b59cd41
Tag = 843122130f7364b761e0b97427e3df28
Initial counter = 843122130f7364b761e0b97427e3dfa8
Result (24 bytes) = c2ef328e5c71c83b843122130f7364b7
61e0b97427e3df28
Plaintext (12 bytes) = 010000000000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000006000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 6d81a24732fd6d03ae5af544720a1c13
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 6e81a24732fd6d03ae5af544720a1c13
... and masked = 6e81a24732fd6d03ae5af544720a1c13
Tag = 8ca50da9ae6559e48fd10f6e5c9ca17e
Initial counter = 8ca50da9ae6559e48fd10f6e5c9ca1fe
Result (28 bytes) = 9aab2aeb3faa0a34aea8e2b18ca50da9
ae6559e48fd10f6e5c9ca17e
Plaintext (16 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000008000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 74eee2bf7c9a165f8b25dea73db32a6d
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 77eee2bf7c9a165f8b25dea73db32a6d
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... and masked = 77eee2bf7c9a165f8b25dea73db32a6d
Tag = c9eac6fa700942702e90862383c6c366
Initial counter = c9eac6fa700942702e90862383c6c3e6
Result (32 bytes) = 85a01b63025ba19b7fd3ddfc033b3e76
c9eac6fa700942702e90862383c6c366
Plaintext (32 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000001000000000000
POLYVAL result = 899b6381b3d46f0def7aa0517ba188f5
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 8a9b6381b3d46f0def7aa0517ba188f5
... and masked = 8a9b6381b3d46f0def7aa0517ba18875
Tag = e819e63abcd020b006a976397632eb5d
Initial counter = e819e63abcd020b006a976397632ebdd
Result (48 bytes) = 4a6a9db4c8c6549201b9edb53006cba8
21ec9cf850948a7c86c68ac7539d027f
e819e63abcd020b006a976397632eb5d
Plaintext (48 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000008001000000000000
POLYVAL result = c1f8593d8fc29b0c290cae1992f71f51
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = c2f8593d8fc29b0c290cae1992f71f51
... and masked = c2f8593d8fc29b0c290cae1992f71f51
Tag = 790bc96880a99ba804bd12c0e6a22cc4
Initial counter = 790bc96880a99ba804bd12c0e6a22cc4
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Result (64 bytes) = c00d121893a9fa603f48ccc1ca3c57ce
7499245ea0046db16c53c7c66fe717e3
9cf6c748837b61f6ee3adcee17534ed5
790bc96880a99ba804bd12c0e6a22cc4
Plaintext (64 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000002000000000000
POLYVAL result = 6ef38b06046c7c0e225efaef8e2ec4c4
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 6df38b06046c7c0e225efaef8e2ec4c4
... and masked = 6df38b06046c7c0e225efaef8e2ec444
Tag = 112864c269fc0d9d88c61fa47e39aa08
Initial counter = 112864c269fc0d9d88c61fa47e39aa88
Result (80 bytes) = c2d5160a1f8683834910acdafc41fbb1
632d4a353e8b905ec9a5499ac34f96c7
e1049eb080883891a4db8caaa1f99dd0
04d80487540735234e3744512c6f90ce
112864c269fc0d9d88c61fa47e39aa08
Plaintext (8 bytes) = 0200000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000004000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 34e57bafe011b9b36fc6821b7ffb3354
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 37e57bafe011b9b36fc6821b7ffb3354
... and masked = 37e57bafe011b9b36fc6821b7ffb3354
Gueron, et al. Expires November 22, 2017 [Page 22]
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Tag = 91213f267e3b452f02d01ae33e4ec854
Initial counter = 91213f267e3b452f02d01ae33e4ec8d4
Result (24 bytes) = 1de22967237a813291213f267e3b452f
02d01ae33e4ec854
Plaintext (12 bytes) = 020000000000000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000006000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 5c47d68a22061c1ad5623a3b66a8e206
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 5f47d68a22061c1ad5623a3b66a8e206
... and masked = 5f47d68a22061c1ad5623a3b66a8e206
Tag = c1a4a19ae800941ccdc57cc8413c277f
Initial counter = c1a4a19ae800941ccdc57cc8413c27ff
Result (28 bytes) = 163d6f9cc1b346cd453a2e4cc1a4a19a
e800941ccdc57cc8413c277f
Plaintext (16 bytes) = 02000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000008000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 452896726c616746f01d11d82911d478
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 462896726c616746f01d11d82911d478
... and masked = 462896726c616746f01d11d82911d478
Tag = b292d28ff61189e8e49f3875ef91aff7
Initial counter = b292d28ff61189e8e49f3875ef91aff7
Result (32 bytes) = c91545823cc24f17dbb0e9e807d5ec17
b292d28ff61189e8e49f3875ef91aff7
Plaintext (32 bytes) = 02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
Gueron, et al. Expires November 22, 2017 [Page 23]
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AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000000001000000000000
POLYVAL result = 4e58c1e341c9bb0ae34eda9509dfc90c
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 4d58c1e341c9bb0ae34eda9509dfc90c
... and masked = 4d58c1e341c9bb0ae34eda9509dfc90c
Tag = aea1bad12702e1965604374aab96dbbc
Initial counter = aea1bad12702e1965604374aab96dbbc
Result (48 bytes) = 07dad364bfc2b9da89116d7bef6daaaf
6f255510aa654f920ac81b94e8bad365
aea1bad12702e1965604374aab96dbbc
Plaintext (48 bytes) = 02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000008001000000000000
POLYVAL result = 2566a4aff9a525df9772c16d4eaf8d2a
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 2666a4aff9a525df9772c16d4eaf8d2a
... and masked = 2666a4aff9a525df9772c16d4eaf8d2a
Tag = 03332742b228c647173616cfd44c54eb
Initial counter = 03332742b228c647173616cfd44c54eb
Result (64 bytes) = c67a1f0f567a5198aa1fcc8e3f213143
36f7f51ca8b1af61feac35a86416fa47
fbca3b5f749cdf564527f2314f42fe25
03332742b228c647173616cfd44c54eb
Plaintext (64 bytes) = 02000000000000000000000000000000
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03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
05000000000000000000000000000000
AAD (1 bytes) = 01
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
05000000000000000000000000000000
08000000000000000002000000000000
POLYVAL result = da58d2f61b0a9d343b2f37fb0c519733
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = d958d2f61b0a9d343b2f37fb0c519733
... and masked = d958d2f61b0a9d343b2f37fb0c519733
Tag = 5bde0285037c5de81e5b570a049b62a0
Initial counter = 5bde0285037c5de81e5b570a049b62a0
Result (80 bytes) = 67fd45e126bfb9a79930c43aad2d3696
7d3f0e4d217c1e551f59727870beefc9
8cb933a8fce9de887b1e40799988db1f
c3f91880ed405b2dd298318858467c89
5bde0285037c5de81e5b570a049b62a0
Plaintext (4 bytes) = 02000000
AAD (12 bytes) = 010000000000000000000000
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
60000000000000002000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 6dc76ae84b88916e073a303aafde05cf
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 6ec76ae84b88916e073a303aafde05cf
... and masked = 6ec76ae84b88916e073a303aafde054f
Tag = 1835e517741dfddccfa07fa4661b74cf
Initial counter = 1835e517741dfddccfa07fa4661b74cf
Result (20 bytes) = 22b3f4cd1835e517741dfddccfa07fa4
661b74cf
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Plaintext (20 bytes) = 03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000
AAD (18 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
0200
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
9000000000000000a000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 973ef4fd04bd31d193816ab26f8655ca
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 943ef4fd04bd31d193816ab26f8655ca
... and masked = 943ef4fd04bd31d193816ab26f86554a
Tag = b879ad976d8242acc188ab59cabfe307
Initial counter = b879ad976d8242acc188ab59cabfe387
Result (36 bytes) = 43dd0163cdb48f9fe3212bf61b201976
067f342bb879ad976d8242acc188ab59
cabfe307
Plaintext (18 bytes) = 03000000000000000000000000000000
0400
AAD (20 bytes) = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000
Key = 01000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 030000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = b5d3c529dfafac43136d2d11be284d7f
Record encryption key = b914f4742be9e1d7a2f84addbf96dec3
456e3c6c05ecc157cdbf0700fedad222
POLYVAL input = 01000000000000000000000000000000
02000000000000000000000000000000
03000000000000000000000000000000
04000000000000000000000000000000
a0000000000000009000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 2cbb6b7ab2dbffefb797f825f826870c
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 2fbb6b7ab2dbffefb797f825f826870c
... and masked = 2fbb6b7ab2dbffefb797f825f826870c
Tag = cfcdf5042112aa29685c912fc2056543
Initial counter = cfcdf5042112aa29685c912fc20565c3
Result (34 bytes) = 462401724b5ce6588d5a54aae5375513
a075cfcdf5042112aa29685c912fc205
6543
Gueron, et al. Expires November 22, 2017 [Page 26]
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C.3. Counter wrap tests
The tests in this section use AEAD_AES_256_GCM_SIV and are crafted to
test correct wrapping of the block counter.
Plaintext (32 bytes) = 00000000000000000000000000000000
4db923dc793ee6497c76dcc03a98e108
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 000000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = dc95c078a24089895275f3d86b4fb868
Record encryption key = 779b38d15bffb63d39d6e9ae76a9b2f3
75d11b0e3a68c422845c7d4690fa594f
POLYVAL input = 00000000000000000000000000000000
4db923dc793ee6497c76dcc03a98e108
00000000000000000001000000000000
POLYVAL result = 7367cdb411b730128dd56e8edc0eff56
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 7367cdb411b730128dd56e8edc0eff56
... and masked = 7367cdb411b730128dd56e8edc0eff56
Tag = ffffffff000000000000000000000000
Initial counter = ffffffff000000000000000000000080
Result (48 bytes) = f3f80f2cf0cb2dd9c5984fcda908456c
c537703b5ba70324a6793a7bf218d3ea
ffffffff000000000000000000000000
Plaintext (24 bytes) = eb3640277c7ffd1303c7a542d02d3e4c
0000000000000000
AAD (0 bytes) =
Key = 00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000
Nonce = 000000000000000000000000
Record authentication key = dc95c078a24089895275f3d86b4fb868
Record encryption key = 779b38d15bffb63d39d6e9ae76a9b2f3
75d11b0e3a68c422845c7d4690fa594f
POLYVAL input = eb3640277c7ffd1303c7a542d02d3e4c
00000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000c000000000000000
POLYVAL result = 7367cdb411b730128dd56e8edc0eff56
POLYVAL result XOR nonce = 7367cdb411b730128dd56e8edc0eff56
... and masked = 7367cdb411b730128dd56e8edc0eff56
Tag = ffffffff000000000000000000000000
Initial counter = ffffffff000000000000000000000080
Result (40 bytes) = 18ce4f0b8cb4d0cac65fea8f79257b20
888e53e72299e56dffffffff00000000
0000000000000000
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Authors' Addresses
Shay Gueron
University of Haifa and Amazon Web Services
Abba Khoushy Ave 199
Haifa 3498838
Israel
Email: shay@math.haifa.ac.il
Adam Langley
Google
345 Spear St
San Francisco, CA 94105
US
Email: agl@google.com
Yehuda Lindell
Bar Ilan University
Ramat Gan
5290002
Israel
Email: Yehuda.Lindell@biu.ac.il
Gueron, et al. Expires November 22, 2017 [Page 28]